NAME : RIFKY KHOIRULLOH YOGA P.

CLASS : EK-3A
NIM : 3.32.17.0.21

INDIVIDUAL PRESENTATION 2
DIODE

Hai guys, Good Morning. I’m standing here to tell you about my topic, that are the Diode.
I will describe about capasitors, that are meaning of diode, symbol and types of diode, material
of diode, function and characteristic of diode, and last is application of capasitors in the
electronics circuit.

1. The Meaning of diodes.

The diode is an electronic component which can change alternating current become
direct current. The diodes have an ability to pass the current if Anoda voltage is bigger
than Katoda Voltage. It is one of active component in the electronic circuit. The active
component is an electronic what need a power supply to operate. The first man who find
the diodes is Frederick Guthrie in the 1873.

2. The materials of diodes.

Diodes are made from a single piece of Semiconductor material which has a positive “P-
region” at one end and a negative “N-region” at the other, and which has a resistivity
value somewhere between that of a conductor and an insulator. In general, diode is made
by one semiconductor element, this is silicon or germanium

3. Types and Symbols of Diodes.

Diodes have many types and every types have a different materials. But we can divide by
5 types. The diodes have a polarity, the arrow assignment that indicated N junction or
Katoda and the junction else is P junction or Anoda, so we must be carefully to connect
to electronic circuit. The 6 types of diodes are
a. Rectifier Diode
This type is a diode rectifier diode current or voltage applied, such as counter current
(AC) is rectified to produce a direct current (DC). Diodes of this type has characteristics
that vary according to voltage capacity owned.
 b. Zener Diode
It is a passive element works under the principle of zener breakdown. First produced
by Clarence zener in 1934.It is similar to normal diode in forward direction, it also
allows current in reverse direction when the applied voltage reaches the breakdown
voltage. It is designed to prevent the other semiconductor devices from momentary
voltage pulses. It acts as voltage regulator.
c. Light Emitting Diode (LED)
These diodes convert the electrical energy in to light energy. First production started
in 1968. It undergoes electroluminescence process in which holes and electrons are
recombined to produce energy in the form of light in forward bias condition.
Earlier they used in inductor lamps but now in recent applications they are using in
environmental and task handling. Mostly used in applications like aviation lighting,
traffic signals, camera flashes.
d. Varactor Diode
This type of diode is a unique diode, because this diode has a capacity that can vary
according to the size of the voltage applied to this diode, for example if the applied
voltage is large, the capacity will decrease, inversely proportional if given a low voltage
will be increasingly large capacity, reverse diode refraction. This type of diode is widely
used as a sound arrangement on television, and radio receivers.
e. Photo Diode
Diodes of this type is a light-sensitive diodes, which work on the specific areas that the
current reverse certain light to pass through, the diode is commonly made using silicon
base material and geranium. Light-emitting diode is currently widely used for alarm,
the data tape perforated useful as a sensor, and a light meter (Lux Meter).
f. Schottky Diode
In this type of diode the junction is formed by contacting the semiconductor material
with metal. Due to this the forward voltage drop is decreased to min. The
semiconductor material is N-type silicon which acts as an anode and the metal acts as
a cathode whose materials are chromium, platinum, tungsten etc.

4. The function and characteristic of diodes

The function of diode in general, is rectifier electrical current in an electronic circuit but
every types have different function with else.
a. The function of light-emitting diode is often used for alarm
 b. Capacity diode function is more widely used as the controller of the sound on the
television
c. Rectifier diode function is to convert the alternating current or AC current into direct
current or DC
d. Zener diode function is to align the incoming voltage and outgoing
And every types of diodes have the grapic of characteristic.

5. Application of diode in the electronic circuit. (Diode as a Rectifier)

The most common and important application of a diode is the rectification of AC power
to DC power. Using the diodes, we can construct different types of rectifier circuits. The
basic types of these rectifier circuits are half wave, full wave center tapped and full
bridge rectifiers. A single or combination of four diodes is used in most of the power
conversion applications. Below figure shows diode operation in a rectifier.

a. During the positive half cycle of the input supply, anode is made positive with respect
to cathode so the diode gets forward biased. These results to flow a current to the load.
Since the load is resistive the voltage across the load resistor will be same as the supply
voltage that means the input sinusoidal voltage will appear at the load. And the load
current flow is proportional to the voltage applied.
b. During the negative half-cycle of the input sinusoidal wave, anode is made negative
with respect to cathode so the diode gets reverse-biased. Hence, no current flows to the
load. The circuit becomes open circuit and no voltage appears across the load.
c. Both voltage and current at the load side are of one polarity means the output voltage is
pulsating DC. Very often this rectification circuit has a capacitor that is connected
across the load to produce steady and continuous DC currents without any ripples.
schottky diode
Diode as a Rectifier