Topic:

An investigation in to the relationship between Country’s Gross National income and Municipal
waste generated per-capita.

Introduction:
Presently 1.3 billion metric tons of municipal solid waste are produced annually around the globe

and this amount will outrage in near future to about 2.2 billion by 2025 .However ,municipal solid

waste formation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) member countries has

been reducing .The formation of MSW is subjective to economic conditions, life styles, resource

utilization and populations. The past record shows that the intense increase in population in urban

areas are typical phenomenon for formation of MSW in Asian and African countries. Data on

MSW generation per capita are also useful for comparisons of MSW intensities among countries

and cities. In spite of the usefulness of this measure, international comparability is not fully

assured because of inconsistent national definitions of MSW and unreliable data on MSW

generation per capita. In spite of the usefulness of this measure, international comparability is

not fully assured because of inconsistent national definitions of MSW and unreliable data on

MSW generation per capita. Comprehensive articles reviewing MSW definitions have yet to be

published, although some researchers have specifically addressed the definition of MSW in their

studies

Research Question: Up to what extent there is a correlation between country’s Gross National
income and Municipal waste generate per capita?

Data collection:

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10163-015-0355-1
https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/NGDPDPC@WEO/USA/DEU

Name of the Income in millions of

country USD/capita Municipal waste Kg/capita
Morocco 3000.41 1.66
USA 64000.77 1.99
Canada 46000.42 2.13
Germany 47000.79 1.67
Netherland 53000.03 1.50
Italy 33000.35 1.42
Spain 30000.63 1.28
Sweden 53,000 1.26
Turkey 8000.5 1.12
Mexico 9000.86 1.04
Japan 41,000.02 0.90
Malaysia 11,000.39 0.90
Indonesia 4000.12 0.37
Pakistan 1000.36 0.65
India 2000.2 0.37
Bhutan 3000.42 0.53
Magnolia 4000.15 0.22
Nepal 965.34 0.32
Maldives 11000.39 2.80
Srilanka 3000.84 0.89
Bangladesh 1000.86 0.41
Ghana 2000.2 0.09
Haiti 853.71 1.00
Kenya 2000.01 0.30
Malawi 366.53 0.50
Togo 682.41 0.52
Data Processing:

Data presentation:

Discussion:

Conclusion:

Evaluation:

Application:
 Benefits of Recycling

 Reduces the amount of waste sent to landfills and incinerators

 Conserves natural resources such as timber, water and minerals
 Increases economic security by tapping a domestic source of materials
 Prevents pollution by reducing the need to collect new raw materials
 Saves energy
 Supports American manufacturing and conserves valuable resources
 Helps create jobs in the recycling and manufacturing industries in the United
States

Disadvatages:

More pollution and energy consumption.(transport)

Pollutant releases during processing

Increased processing cost and low quality job

Require stricter and more stringent implementation.

Good products are not guaranteed.

Generally ineffective
Bibiliography:

 Hoornweg D, Bhada-Tata P (2012) What a waste: a global review of solid waste

management. World Bank, Washington, DC

 Liu C, Wu XW (2010) Factors influencing municipal solid waste generation in China: a

multiple statistical analysis study. Waste Manag Res 29:371–378.

 Saeed MO, Hassan MN, Mujeebu MA (2009) Assessment of municipal solid waste

generation and recyclable materials potential in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Waste Manag

29:2209–2213

 OECD (2003) OECD environmental indicators: development, measurement and use.

Reference paper. OECD