PROPERTY

LAW
Course Outline
FOUNDATION UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF LAW AND JURISPRUDENCE
Erica P. Encabo
First Semester, AY 2019-2020



I. PROPERTY – CONCEPT AND CLASSIFICATIONS

A. DEFINITION – NCC 414
Characteristics of Property
Classification of Things

B. CLASSIFICATIONS

1. IMMOVABLE vs. MOVABLE – NCC 415-418
a. Immovable – NCC 415
i. By Nature – (1), (8)
ii. By Incorporation - (2), (3), (7)
iii. By Destination – (4), (5), (6), (9)
iv. By Analogy – (10)
b. Movable – NCC 416-417
c. Importance of Classification, for instance in:
i. Criminal Law [RPC 293, 308, 312, 315(1)(b), 316 (1),(2),(3),(6), 317, 319]
ii. Forms of Contracts [NCC 1358, 1403,749]
iii. Prescription [1132, 1134]
iv. Venue [ROC Rule 4, Secs. 1 and 2]
v. Taxation [LGC 197, 198]
vi. Double Sales [NCC 1544]
vii. Causes of Action to Recover [Accions Reivindicatoria and Publiciana,
Forcible Entry, and Unlawful Detainer vs. Replevin Action]

Davao Sawmill vs. Castillo, 16 Phil 709
Berkenkotter vs. Cu Unjieng, 61 Phil 663
Lopez vs. Orosa, 103 Phil 98
Tumalad vs. Vicencio, 41 SCRA 143
Associated Insurance vs. Iya, 103 Phil 972
Makati Leasing vs. Wearever, 122 SCRA 296
Board of Assessment Appeals vs. Meralco, 10 SCRA 63
Meralco Securities vs. Board of Assessment Appeals, 114 SCRA 260
Caltex vs. Central Board of Assessment Appeals, 114 SCRA 296
Benguet Corp. vs. Central Board of Assessment Appeals, 218 SCRA 271
U.S. vs. Carlos, 21 Phil 543
U.S. vs. Tambunting, 41 Phil 364
Philippine Refining Co. vs. Jarque, 61 Phil 229
Mindanao Bus. Co. vs. City Assessor, 6 SCRA 197
Prudential Bank vs. Panis, 153 SCRA 390
Serg’s Products vs. PCI Leasing, 338 SCRA 499
Sibal vs. Valdez, 50 Phil 512


2. CLASSIFICATION IN RELATION TO THE PERSON TO WHOM IT BELONG – NCC 419

a. Res Nullius – NCC 555 (1) [

Yu vs. de Lara, 116 Phil 1105

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b. Property of PUBLIC DOMINION (and significance of classification as such) of:
- the State – NCC 420; Const. Art. XII, Secs. 1 and 2; C.A. No. 141
- Local Governments/Municipal Corporations – NCC 423-424; LGC 17-19, 22

La Bugal-B’Laan Tribal Association, Inc. vs. Ramos, G.R. 127882, January 27, 2004
On Reconsideration: December 1, 2004 and February 1, 2005
Chavez vs. Public Estates Authority (PEA) and Amari Coastal Bay Development Corporation, 384
SCRA 152, G.R. No. 133250, July 9, 2002
On Reconsideration: May 6, 2003
Usero vs. CA, 449 SCRA 357, G.R. No. 152115, January 26, 2005
Heirs of Malabanan vs. Republic, 587 SCRA 172, G.R. No. 179987 April 29, 2009
On Reconsideration: September 3, 2013
Republic vs. Vda. de Castillo, 163 SCRA 286 (1988)
Maneclang vs. Intermediate Appellate Court, G.R. No. L-66575, September 30, 1986


c. PATRIMONIAL/PRIVATE PROPERTY of:
- the State – NCC 421-422
- Local Governments/Municipal Corporations – NCC 423-424
- Private Persons – NCC 425
Individuals – NCC 37-38; Const. Art. II Sec. 5
Spouses – FC 88, 90-93, 105-108, 116-117
Indigenous Peoples (IP) Communities – IPRA (R.A. No.8371, Secs. 3 (a) to (e),
(h), (j), (l), 4-6, 7(a)
Private and Government Owned- and Controlled- Corporations – Revised
Corporation Code (R.A. No. 11232) Secs. 2-4, 35, 107
Partnerships – NCC 1767-1768
Cooperatives – Cooperative Code (R.A. No. 6938, as amended) Secs. 6 and 9

Cruz vs. Secretary of Environment and Natural Resources, 347 SCRA 128
See especially: Separate Opinion of Justice Puno
La Bugal-B’Laan Tribal Association, Inc. vs. Ramos, supra
Vda. De Tan Toco vs. Municipal Council of Iloilo, 49 Phil 52
The Province of Zamboanga del Norte vs. City of Zamboanga, 22 SCRA 1334
Salas vs. Jarencio, 46 SCRA 743
Cebu Oxygen and Acetylene Co., Inc., vs. Bercilles, 66 SCRA 481
Municipality of San Miguel, Bulacan vs. Fernandez, 130 SCRA 56
Government vs. Cabangis, 53 Phil 112
Chavez vs. PEA and Amari, supra
Cebu vs. NAWASA, G.R. No. L-12892, April 30, 1960
Dream Village Neighborhood Association, Inc. vs. Bases Conversion Development Authority, G.R.
No. 192896, July 24, 2013 702 Phil 222 (2013)


3. OTHER CLASSIFICATIONS
a. By physical existence: Corporeal vs. Incorporeal – NCC 417 (Rights and Choses in
Action), 721-724 in relation to Intellectual Property Code (R.A. No. 8293) Secs.
4.1, 21, 28-30, 172-173, 178
b. By autonomy: Principal vs. Accessory
c. By subsistence after use: Consumable vs. Non-Consumable (Fungible vs. Non-
Fungible) – NCC 418
d. By susceptibility to division: Divisible vs. Indivisible
e. By designation: Generic vs. Specific
f. By existence in time: Present vs. Future
g. By contents and constitution: Singular vs. Universal

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 h. By susceptibility to commerce: Within the Commerce of Man vs. Outside the
Commerce of Man



II. OWNERSHIP

A. IN GENERAL – Definition; Over what Exercised – NCC 427

B. BUNDLE OF RIGHTS INCLUDED IN OWNERSHIP, in general – NCC 428
1. TO ENJOY – Jus Utendi, Fruendi (NCC 441-442), Possidendi
2. TO DISPOSE – Jus Abutendi, Disponendi
3. TO VINDICATE – Jus Vindicandi
Also: Jus Accessionis

Distilleria Washington, Inc. vs. La Tondeña Distillers, Inc., 345 Phil 332 (1997)


C. SPECIFIC RIGHTS IN THE CIVIL CODE

1. Right to Exclude (Self-Help Doctrine) – NCC 429
2. Right to Enclose or Fence – NCC 430
3. Right to Receive Just Compensation in case of Expropriation – NCC 435; ROC Rule 67
4. Right to Construct – NCC 437
5. Right to Hidden Treasure – NCC 438-439, 566; FC Art. 117(4)
6. Right to Accessions – NCC 440
7. Right to Recover Ownership and Possession – NCC 433-434
(Rights in rem, in personam, quasi in rem)
See: R.A. No. 7279, Sec. 27; R.A. No. 8368; R.A. No. 9653; HUDCC Resolution No. 1,
s.2017

ACTIONS TO RECOVER:
a. Immovables – when brought, prescriptive period, court with jurisdiction
- Accion Reivindicatoria
- Accion Publiciana
- Forcible Entry – ROC Rule 70; NCC 536-539
- Unlawful Detainer – ROC Rule 70; NCC 1674

Sandejas vs. Robles, 81 Phil 421, G.R. No. L-803, August 27, 1948
Ching vs. Court of Appeals, 181 SCRA 9, G.R. No. 59731, January 11, 1990
Hernandez vs. DBP, 71 SCRA 290, G.R. No. L-31095, June 18, 1976
Domagas vs. Jensem, 448 SCRA 663, G.R. No. 158407, January 17, 2005
Hilario vs. Salvador, G.R. No. 160384, April 29, 2005
Sarmiento vs. Court of Appeals, 320 Phil 146, G.R. No. 116192, November 16, 1995
Santos vs. Ayon, G.R. No. 137013, May 6, 2005
Ganila vs. Court of Appeals, 461 SCRA 435, G.R. No. 150755, June 28, 2005
Ross Rica Sales Center vs. Ong, G.R. No. 132197, August 16, 2005
Peralta-Labrador vs. Bugarin, G.R. No. 165177, August 25, 2005
Villaluz vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 100571, June 26, 1992
Pajuyo vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 146364, June 3, 2004
Reyes vs. Sta. Maria, G.R. No. L-33213, June 29, 1979

b. Movables
- Replevin – ROC Rule 60

Serg’s Products vs. PCI Leasing, supra
Chua vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 79021, May 17, 1993
Factoran vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 93540, December 13, 1999

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c. Requisites for Recovery – NCC 434

Seriña vs. Caballero, G.R. No. 127382, August 17, 2004
Julao vs. Alejandro, G.R. No. 176020, September 29, 2014
Perez vs. Mendoza, G.R. No. L-22006, July 28, 1975
Dizon vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 101929, January 6, 1993


D. LIMITATIONS ON OWNERSHIP

1. General Limitations – Police Power, Eminent Domain, Taxation
2. Specific Limitations
a. By Law – NCC 431 (Sic Utere Tuo Ut Alienum Non Laedas), 432 (Act in State of
Necessity), 435-436, the NCC on Easements

United States vs. Causby, 328 U.S. 256 (1946)
Lunod vs. Meneses, 11 Phil 128, G.R. No. 4223, August 19, 1908

b. By the Owner Himself (e.g. encumbrances, voluntary servitudes)
c. By Party Transmitting the Property


III. ACCESSION


A. CONCEPT – NCC 440;
General Principles:
- Accessory Follows the Principal, see exceptions, for instance NCC 544(1), 566, 2132
- No Unjust Enrichment

B. KINDS

1. Accession Discreta – NCC 441-444

U.S. vs. Caballero, 25 Phil 356, G.R. No. 8608, September 26, 1913
Bachrach Motor Co., Inc. vs. Talisay Silay Milling Co., 56 Phil 117, G.R. No. 35223, September 17,
1931
Bachrach vs. Seifert, 87 Phil 117, G.R. No. L-2659, October 12, 1950


2. Accession Continua

a. Over Immovables
i. Artificial / Industrial – NCC 445-456 [Rights of Property Owner vis-a-vis BPS
(Builder, Planter, Sower), Materials Owner]; see also: FC Art. 120

Miranda vs. Fadullon, G.R. No. L-8220, October 29, 1955
Fernandez del Campo vs. Abesia, G.R. No. 49219, April 15, 1988
Bernardo vs. Bataclan, 66 Phil 598, G.R. No. L-44606, November 28, 1938
Ignacio vs. Hilario, 76 Phil 605, G.R. No. L-175, April 30, 1946
Sarmiento vs. Agana, 129 SCRA 122, G.R. No. L-57288, April 30, 1984
Depra vs. Dumlao, 136 SCRA 475, G.R. No. L-57348, May 16, 1985
Tecnogas Phils. Manufacturing Corporation vs. Court of Appeals, 268 SCRA 5, G.R. No. 108894,
February 10, 1997
Geminiano vs. Court of Appeals, 259 SCRA 10, G.R. No. 120303, July 24, 1996
Pleasantville Development Corporation vs. Court of Appeals, 253 SCRA 10, G.R. No. 79688,
February 1, 1996

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 Pecson vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 115814, May 26, 1995
Nuguid vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 151815, February 23, 2005
J.M. Tuason and Co., Inc. vs. Vda. de Lumanlan, 23 SCRA 231, G.R. No. L-23497, April 26, 1968
Gaboya vs. Cui, 38 SCRA 85, G.R. No. L-19614, March 27, 1961
MWSS vs. Court of Appeals, 143 SCRA 623, G.R. No. L-54526, August 25, 1986
Alviola vs. Court of Appeals, 289 SCRA 537, G.R. No. 117642, April 24, 1998
Heirs of Durano vs. Uy, 344 SCRA 238, G.R. NO. 136456, October 24, 2000


ii. Natural – Forms
1. Alluvium – NCC 457
2. Avulsion – NCC 459
3. Change in Course of River – NCC 461-463
4. Formation of Islands – NCC 464-465
5. Others Ponds and Lagoons – NCC 458
Uprooted Trees – NCC 460

Republic vs. Court of Appeals, 132 SCRA 514, G.R. No. L-61647, October 12, 1984
Grande vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-17652, June 30, 1962
Meneses vs. Court of Appeals, 246 SCRA 374, G.R. No. 82220, July 14, 1995
Reynante vs. Court of Appeals, 207 SCRA 794, G.R. No. 95907, April 8, 1992
Baes vs. Court of Appeals, 224 SCRA 562, G.R. No. 108065, July 6, 1993
Binalay vs. Manalo, 195 SCRA 347, G.R. No. 92161, March 18, 1991
Zapata vs. Director of Lands, 5 SCRA 335, G.R. No. L-17645, October 30, 1962
Cortes vs. City of Manila, 10 Phil 567, G.R. No. L-4012, March 25, 1908
Hilario vs. City of Manila, 19 SCRA 931, G.R. No. L-19570, April 27, 1967
Ignacio vs. Director of Lands, 121 SCRA 13, G.R. No. L-12958, May 30, 1960
Vda. de Nazareno vs. Court of Appeals, 257 SCRA 589, G.R. No. 98045, June 26, 1996

b. Over Movables
i. Adjunction (Conjunction) – NCC 466-471, 475
Types: Inclusion or Engraftment
Soldadura or Soldering – Plumbatura vs. Ferruminatio
Tejido or Weaving
Escritura or Writing
Pintura or Painting
ii. Mixture – Commixtion and Confusion – NCC 472-473
iii. Specification – NCC 474-475

Siari Valley Estate vs. Lucasan, G.R. No. L-7046, August 31, 1955
Santos vs. Bernabe, 54 Phil 19, G.R. No. L-31163, November 6, 1929
Aguirre vs. Pheng, G.R. No. L-20851, September 3, 1966



IV. QUIETING OF TITLE
NCC 476-481; ROC Rule 63

Olviga vs. Court of Appeals, 227 SCRA 330, G.R. No. 104813, October 21, 1993
Pingol vs. Court of Appeals, 226 SCRA 118, G.R. No. 102909, September 6, 1993
Titong vs. Court of Appeals, 287 SCRA 102, G.R. No. 111141, March 6, 1998
Portic vs. Cristobal, 496 Phil 456, G.R. No. 156171, April 22, 2005
Lee vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-37135, December 28, 1973

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V. CO-OWNERSHIP

A. CONCEPT AND CHARACTERISTICS – NCC – 484-485, 493
versus Joint Tenancy
Ordinary Partnership – NCC 1767, 1778-1780
Conjugal Partnership of Gains – FC 116-117, 120
Absolute Community of Property – FC 88, 91-93, 96

Tagarao vs. Garcia, 61 Phil 5, G.R. No. L-40064, December 4, 1934
Pardell vs. Bartolome, 23 Phil 450, G.R. No. L-4656, November 18, 1912
Gatchalian vs. Collector of Internal Revenue, 67 Phil 666, G.R. No. L-45425, April 29, 1939
Bailon-Casilao vs. Court of Appeals, 160 SCRA 738, G.R. No. 78178, April 15, 1988
Oliveras vs. Lopez, 168 SCRA 431, G.R. No. L-29727, December 14, 1988
Rivera vs. People’s Bank, 73 Phil 546, G.R. No. 47757, April 17, 1942

B. SOURCES

1. LAW
a. Co-habitation – FC 90, 147-148
b. Purchase – NCC 1452
c. Succession – Testate (when property granted to two or more persons); Intestate
– NCC 1078
d. Donation – NCC 753
e. Chance – NCC 472

Siari Valley Estate vs. Lucasan, supra

f. Hidden Treasure – NCC 438
g. Easement of Party Wall – NCC 658
h. Occupation – 713

Punsalan vs. Boon Liat, 44 Phil 320, G.R. No. 18009, January 10, 1923

i. Condominium Law (R.A. No. 4726 as amended), P.D. No. 957 as amended
Concept; Documents Necessary

Twin Towers Condominium Corporation vs. Court of Appeals, 398 SCRA 203, G.R. No. 123552,
February 7. 2003
Sunset View Condominium Corporation vs. Campos, 104 SCRA 295, G.R. No. L-52361, April 27,
1981


2. CONTRACT
a. By Agreement – e.g. NCC 494
b. Universal Partnership – NCC 1778-1780
c. Associations and Societies with Secret Articles – NCC 1775


C. RIGHTS AND LIMITATIONS/OBLIGATIONS AS TO THE THING OWNED IN COMMON

1. Proportionate Sharing; Presumption on Sharing – NCC 485
2. Use and Limitations on Use; Determination and Change of Purpose – NCC 486

Pardell vs. Bartolome, supra

3. Action on Ejectment – NCC 487; Actions Covered

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De Guia vs. Court of Appeals, 413 SCRA 114, G.R. No. 120864, October 8, 2003
Santiago vs. J.M. Tuazon & Co., Inc., G.R. No. L-14223, November 23, 1960
Resuena vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 128338, March 28, 2005
Arcelona vs. Court of Appeals, 280 SCRA 20, G.R. No. 102900, October 2, 1997
Adlawan vs. Adlawan, 479 SCRA 275, G.R. No. 161916, January 20, 2006

4. Compel Contributions for Preservation Expenses and Taxes; Requisite Requirement
for Exemption; Consent Requirement to Incur Expenses – NCC 488-489; Important,
see: NCC 1244-1245, 1293
5. Expenses for Improvement or Embellishment; Consent Requirement – NCC 489
6. Perpendicular Co-Ownership; Rights and Limitations – NCC – 490; see: R.A. No. 4726
7. ALTERATION – Definition; Consent Requirement and Exception – NCC 491 versus
ADMINISTRATION – Definition; Consent Requirement and Exception – NCC 492 (see:
NCC 1647-1648, 1878(8))

Melencio vs. Dy Tiao Lay, 55 Phil 100, G.R. No. L-32047, November 1, 1930

8. Full Ownership – what is included? Limitation as to Substitution and Effect of
Alienation and Mortgage – NCC 493

Vda. de Castro vs. Atienza, 53 SCRA 264, G.R. No. L-25014, October 17, 1973
Diversified Credit Corporation vs. Rosado, 26 SCRA 470, G.R. No. L-27933, December 24, 1968

9. Legal Redemption – NCC 1620, 1623

Mariano vs. Court of Appeals, 222 SCRA 736, G.R. No. 101522, May 28, 1993
Verdad vs. Court of Appeals, 256 SCRA 593, G.R. No. 109972, April 29, 1996
Francisco vs. Boiser, G.R. No. 137677, May 31, 2000
Estoque vs. Pajimula, 24 SCRA 59, G.R. No. L-24419, July 15, 1968
Basa vs. Aguilar, 117 SCRA 128, G.R. No. L30994, September 30, 1982

10. Demand Partition – 494


D. TERMINATION / EXTINGUISHMENT
1. Total Destruction of the Thing Owned in Common
2. Merger of Interests in One Person
3. Acquisitive Prescription – NCC 494; Requisites

Capitle vs. De Gaban, G.R. No. 146890, June 8, 2004

4. PARTITION
a. Purpose of Right/Remedy of Partition
b. Types and Procedure – NCC 496; ROC Rule 69 (see also Rule 74)
c. Limitations – NCC 494-495; Legal/Juridical Partition – NCC 498
d. Rights of Creditors/ Assignees and Third Persons – NCC 497 and 499
e. Co-Owners’ Obligations and Liabilities upon Partition – NCC 500-501, 543

Ramirez vs. Ramirez, 21 SCRA 384, G.R. No. L-22621, September 29, 1967
Aguilar vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 76351, October 29, 1993
Vda. de Ape vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 133638, April 15, 2005
Carvajal vs. Court of Appeals, 112 SCRA 237, G.R.No. L-44426, February 25, 1982
Pamplona vs. Moreto, 96 SCRA 775, G.R. No. L-33187, March 31, 1980
Tuason vs. Tuason, 88 Phil 428, G.R. No. L-3404, April 2, 1951
Oliveras vs. Lopez, G.R. No. L-29727, December 14, 1988
Confesor vs. Pelayo, G.R. No. L-14352, March 27, 1961

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VI. POSSESSION

A. CONCEPT

1. Concept – NCC 523
a. Object – NCC 530; What may not be possessed
b. Essential Requisites and Degrees of Holding

Ramos vs. Director of Lands, 39 Phil 175, G.R. No. L-13298, November 19, 1918
Director of Lands vs. Court of Appeals, 130 SCRA 9, G.R. No. L-58867, June 22, 1984
Vaño vs. Government, 41 Phil 161, G.R. No. 15656, November 15, 1920
Lasam vs. Director of Lands, G.R. No. L-42859, March 17, 1938

2. Kinds/Classes – as to:
a. In whose name possessed – NCC 524
b. In what concept possessed – NCC 525
c. Good faith and bad faith in possession – NCC 526-529

Pleasantville Development Corporation vs. Court of Appeals, supra
Kasilag vs. Roque, G.R. No. 46623, December 7, 1939
Tan Queto vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-35648, February 27, 1987

3. Presumptions – NCC 527- 529, 533, 541, 561, 542-543, 554 (1138 (2))

Cordero vs. Cabral, G.R. No. L-36789, July 25, 1983


B. ACQUISITION

1. How Acquired – NCC 531

El Banco Español Filipino vs. Peterson, 7 Phil 409, G.R. No. 3088, February 6, 1907

2. Who May Acquire – NCC 532, 535 (in relation to 2144 et seq., 1396, 1107)
3. Some rules on acquisition by heirs – NCC 533, 534
4. Possession of animals – NCC 560, 716
5. Acts that do not affect possession – NCC 536-537; implications – NCC 1118

Macasaet vs. Macasaet, G.R. Nos. 154391-392, September 30, 2004
Cuaycong vs. Benedicto, 37 Phil 781, G.R. No. L-9989, March 13, 1918
Astudillo vs. People’s Homesite and Housing Corporation, 73 SCRA 15, G.R. No. L-28066,
September 22, 1976
Peran vs. Presiding Judge, 125 SCRA 79, G.R. No. L-57259, October 13, 1983

6. Rules on Conflicting Possession – NCC 538 (see also 2005-2009)


C. EFFECTS OF POSSESSION

1. Right of possessor to be respected in possession - NCC 539, and 428, 1674, ROC Rule
70 Secs. 15, 19-20)
- Interruption of Possession – NCC 1123-1124; see: NCC 561

Yu vs. Honrado, 99 SCRA 273, G.R. No. 50025, August 21, 1980

2. Possession in the Concept of Owner – NCC 540-541, 1131

Gesmundo vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 119870, December 23, 1999

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3. Rights and Obligations of:
a. Rights and Obligations of Good Faith Possessor – NCC 544-546, 548, 552, 559
(see also NCC 445-456)
b. Rights and Obligations of Bad Faith Possessor – NCC 546, 549, 552 (see also NCC
445-456)
c. Specific Rights of Successful Possessor – NCC 551, 553, 561

Ortiz vs. Kayanan, 92 SCRA 146, G.R. No. L-32974, July 30, 1979
Development Bank of the Philippines vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 111737, October 13, 1999
Chua vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 109840, January 21, 1999


D. LOSS OF POSSESSION

1. How is possession lost? NCC 555; see: NCC 714, 1189; Loss of possession of
movables – NCC 559; see NCC 1132; Of animals – NCC 560
2. When is possession not deemed lost? 556-558, exceptions, see also 719


VII. USUFRUCT

A. IN GENERAL

1. Concept; Essential and Natural Characteristics – NCC 562
2. Classes of Usufruct – NCC 563-564; as to:
a. How constituted;
b. Extent (fruits covered);
c. Number of usufructuary/ies;
d. Pure or Conditional;
e. Object.
3. Special Cases – 570, 574-576, 578, 582, 591, 598, 600

Estate of Hernaez vs. Veloso, 52 Phil 545, G.R. No. 29158, December 29, 1928
Claridad vs. Novella, 105 Phil 756, G.R. No. L-12666, May 22, 1959
Seifert vs. Bachrach, G.R. No. L-1379, December 19, 1947


B. RIGHTS OF THE USUFRUCTUARY

1. To the Fruits – NCC 566-570
2. To accessions and servitudes established in favor of the thing, and all inherent
benefits – NCC 571
3. To alienation and encumbrance of the right of Usufruct – NCC 572
4. To make improvements – NCC 579-580
5. When consumables involved – NCC 573-74
6. When fruit bearing trees or shrubs or woodlands involved – NCC 575-577
7. When actions to recover real property or real rights involved – NCC 578
8. When Usufruct is on property held in common – NCC 582

Fabie vs. David, 75 Phil 536, G.R. No. L-123, December 12, 1945
Pascual vs. Angeles, G.R. No. 1511, July 26, 1905
Pichay vs. Querol, G.R. No. L-4452, October 1, 1908
Reyes vs. Grey, G.R. No. 6969, December 20, 1911
Tufexis vs. Olaguera, G.R. No. L-9865, December 24, 1915
Municipality of Paoay vs. Manaois, G.R. No. L-3485, June 30, 1950
Orozco vs. Araneta, G.R. No. L-3691, November 21, 1951
Vda. de Bautista vs. Marcos, G.R. No. L-17072, October 31, 1961

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Gaboya vs. Cui, G.R. No. L-19614, March 27, 1971
Hemedes vs. Court of Appeals, 316 SCRA 347, G.R. No. 107132, October 8, 1999


C. OBLIGATIONS OF THE USUFRUCTUARY

1. Before entering into the enjoyment of property: Inventory and Security – NCC 583-
588
2. To take care of the property in Usufruct as a good father of the family – NCC 589
3. In case of alienation or lease of right – NCC 590
4. In the event of repairs – NCC 592-594
5. To pay annual charges and taxes and those considered as lien on the fruits and
interests on taxes on capital – NCC 596-597
6. To pay debts in case the Usufruct constituted on whole of a patrimony – NCC 598
7. To notify naked owner of acts prejudicial to ownership – NCC 601
8. To bear costs and liabilities of suit – NCC 602
9. Special Cases
a. If over a flock or herd of livestock – NCC 591
b. In the event of matured credits – NCC 599
c. In case of a mortgaged immovable – NCC 600

Mercado vs. Rizal, 67 Phil 608, G.R. No. L-44534, April 27, 1939
Vda. de Albar vs. Carandang, 106 Phil 855, G.R. No. L-18003, September 29, 1962
Board of Assessment Appeals of Zamboanga del Sur vs. Samar Mining Company, 37 SCRA 734,
G.R. No. L-28034, February 27, 1971


D. SPECIFIC RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF THE NAKED OWNER – NCC 567, 581, 586, 592-595, 600


E. EXTINGUISHMENT OF USUFRUCT

1. Causes – NCC 603
a. Death of Usufructuary – NCC 611
b. Expiration of Period/Fulfillment of Condition – NCC 605-606 (in relation to Sec
6(4) of Act No. 1459, Sec. 11 of B.P. No. 68, and Sec. 11 of R.A. No. 11232)
c. Merger in One Person of Usufructuary and Naked Owner
d. Renunciation of Usufructuary
e. Total Loss of Thing in Usufruct – NCC 604, 607
f. Termination of Right of Person Constituting Usufruct – NCC 608
g. Prescription
h. Other Causes

2. Effects of Extinguishment – NCC 612

Baluran vs. Navarro, 79 SCRA 309, G.R. No. L-44428, September 30, 1977
National Housing Authority vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 148830, April 13, 2005
Lopez vs. Constantino, 74 Phil 160, G.R. No. 48882, March 17, 1943
Palad vs. Governor of Quezon Province, 46 SCRA 354, G.R. No. L-24302, August 18, 1972



VIII. EASEMENTS AND SERVITUDES

A. CONCEPT AND CHARACTERISTICS – NCC 613, 617-618

1. Classifications – NCC 613-616, 619
2. Acquisition of Easements – NCC 620-626

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Abellana vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 97039, April 24, 1992
North Negros Sugar Co. vs. Hidalgo, 63 Phil 664, G.R. No. L-42334, October 31, 1936
Municipality of Dumangas, Iloilo vs. Roman Catholic Bishop of Jaro. 34 Phil 541, G.R. No. L-
10778, March 29, 1916
Valisno vs. Adriano, G.R. No. L-37409, May 23, 1988
Amor vs. Florentino, 74 Phil 404, G.R. No. L-48384, October 11, 1943
Gargantos vs. Tan Yanon, G.R. No. L-14652, June 30, 1960
Ronquillo vs. Roco, 103 Phil 84, G.R. No. L-10619, February 28, 1958
Tañedo vs. Bernad, G.R. No. L-66520, August 30, 1988

3. Rights and Obligations of the Owners of the Dominant and Servient Estates – NCC
627-630


B. LEGAL EASEMENTS

1. Concept – NCC 634-636

2. Easement Relating to Waters – NCC 648
a. Natural Drainage – NCC 637 (see: P.D. No. 1067, Art. 50)
b. Easement on Riparian Property – NCC 638 (P.D. No. 1067, Art. 51)
c. Abutment of a Dam – NCC 639 (P.D. No. 1067, Arts. 38-39)
d. Drawing Water and Watering Animals – 640-641 (P.D. No. 1067, Art. 14)
e. Aqueduct – NCC 642-646 (P.D. No. 1067, Arts. 13, 25, 48-49)
f. Stop Lock or Sluice Gate – NCC 647

Ongsiaco vs. Ongsiaco, 101 Phil 1196-1197, G.R. No. 7510, March 30, 1957
Gonzales vs. De Dios, G.R. No. L-3099, May 21, 1951
Ayala de Roxas vs. City of Manila, G.R. No. L-3144, November 19, 1907
Lunod vs. Meneses, supra
Salazar vs. Gutierrez, G.R. No. L-21727, May 29, 1970

3. Easement of Right of Way – NCC 649-657

Quimen vs. Court of Appeals, 257 SCRA 163, G.R. No. 112331, May 29, 1966
David-Chan vs. Court of Appeals, 268 SCRA 677, G.R. No. 105294, February 26, 1997
La Vista Association, Inc. vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 95252, September 5, 1997
Vda. de Baltazar vs. Court of Appeals, 245 SCRA 333, G.R. No. 106082, June 27, 1995
De la Cruz vs. Ramiscal, G.R. No. 137882, February 4, 2005
Roman Catholic Archbishop of Manila vs. Roxas, 22 Phil 450, G.R. No. L-7386, March 12, 1912
Cuaycong vs. Benedicto, supra
North Negros Sugar Co. vs. Hidalgo, supra
Valderrama vs. North Negros Sugar Co., Inc., 48 Phil 492, G.R. No. L-23810, December 18, 1925
Bernardo vs. Court of Appeals, 97 Phil 131, G.R. No. 7248, May 28, 1955
Francisco vs. Intermediate Appellate Court, 177 SCRA 527, G.R. No. L-63996, September 15, 1989
Costabella Corporation vs. Court of Appeals, 193 SCRA 333, G.R. No. 80511, January 25, 1991
Encarnacion vs. Court of Appeals, 195 SCRA 74, G.R. No. 77628, March 11, 1991
Solid Manila Corporation vs. Bio Hong Trading Co., Inc., 195 SCRA 748, G.R. No. 90596, April 8,
1991

4. Easement of Party Wall – NCC 658-666

Lao vs. Heirs of Alburo, 33 Phil 48, G.R. No. L-10372, December 24, 1915

5. Easement of Light and View – NCC 667-673

Cortes vs. Yu-Tibo, 2 Phil 24, G.R. No. 911, March 12, 1903

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Fabie vs. Lichauco, 11 Phil 14, G.R. No. L-3598, July 24, 1908
Saenz vs. Figueras Hermanos, 13 Phil 666, G.R. No. 2085, August 10, 1909
Amor vs. Florentino, supra
Gargantos vs. Tan Yanon, supra

6. Easement of Drainage of Buildings – NCC 674-676
7. Easement of Intermediate Distances – 677-681
8. Easement against Nuisance – 682-683
a. Concept of Nuisance – NCC 694, 698
b. Classes – NCC 695
9. Easement of Lateral and Subjacent Support – NCC 684-687


C. VOLUNTARY EASEMENTS – NCC 688-693

D. MODES OF EXTINGUISHMENT – NCC 631-633; Abatement – NCC 696-707

Cid vs. Javier, 108 Phil 239, G.R. No. L-14116, June 30, 1960
Francisco vs. Paez, 54 Phil 239, G.R. No. L-31118, January 14, 1930
Benedicto vs. Court of Appeals, 134 Phil 122, G.R. No. L-22733, September 25, 1968
Iloilo Ice and Cold Storage Company vs. Municipal Council of Iloilo, 24 Phil 471, G.R. No. L-7012,
March 26, 1913
Monteverde vs. Generoso, 52 Phil 123, G.R. No. 28491, September 29, 1928
Hidalgo Enterprises, Inc. vs. Balandan, 91 Phil 489, G.R. No. L-3422, June 13, 1952
Sitchon vs. Aquino, 98 Phil 458, G.R. No. L-8191, February 27, 1956
Velasco vs. Manila Electric Co., 40 SCRA 342, G.R. No. L-18390, August 6, 1971
Farrales vs. City Mayor of Baguio, 44 SCRA 239, G.R. No. 24245, April 11, 1972
Timoner vs. People of the Philippines, 125 SCRA 830, G.R. No. L-62050, November 25, 1983
Estate of Gregoria Francisco vs. Court of Appeals, 199 SCRA 595, G.R. No. 95279, July 25, 1991
Tamin vs. Court of Appeals, 208 SCRA 863, G.R. No. 97477, May 8, 1992



IX. MODES OF ACQUIRING OWNERSHIP
NCC 712

A. ORIGINAL
1. Occupation – NCC 713-720, 438-439; see: NCC 560, R.A. No. 8550 and R.A. No. 9147
2. Intellectual Creation – NCC 721-724; R.A. No. 8293


B. DERIVATIVE

1. Succession – NCC 774
2. Tradition in consequence of certain contracts – NCC 1495-1496; Types – NCC 1497-
1501. [Non nudis pactis, sed traditione, dominia rerum transferentur.]

San Lorenzo Development Corporation vs. Court of Appeals, 449 SCRA 99, G.R. No. 124242,
January 21, 2005
Equatorial Realty Development, Inc. vs. Mayfair Theater, Inc., 370 SCRA 56, November 21, 2001
Union Motor Corporation vs. Court of Appeals, 361 SCRA 506, G.R. No. 117187, July 20, 2001

3. Prescription – NCC 1106
4. Law, for instance: NCC 438, 445, 461, 466, 681, 1434
5. Donation

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X. DONATION

A. NATURE AND ESSENTIAL REQUISITES

1. Definition and Essential Requisites – NCC 725-726, 734
2. Who may be parties – NCC 735, 736, 738, 739, 752-753
a. Capacity – NCC 737, 740-743, 745-747, 41
b. Effect of Donation of one thing to two or more persons separately – 744 and
1544
3. Object – 750-751; Exception FC 84
4. Forms – 748-749

B. KINDS

1. As to Time of Taking Effect
a. Inter Vivos – NCC 729-732
b. Mortis Causa – NCC 728

2. As to Cause/Consideration
a. Simple
b. Remuneratory (Past and Future Services) – NCC 726, 733 [“Onerous Donations”]
c. Propter Nuptias – FC 82

3. As to Effectivity and Extinguishment
a. Pure
b. Conditional

4. Importance of Classification
a. Form
b. Governing Rules
c. Rules on Impossible Conditions

Lagazo vs. Court of Appeals, 287 SCRA 24, G.R. No. 112796, March 5, 1988
Heirs of Juan Bonsato vs. Court of Appeals, 95 Phil 481, G.R. No. L-6600, July 30, 1954
Gestopa vs. Court of Appeals, 342 SCRA 105, G.R. No. 111904, October 5, 2000
Austria-Magat vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 106755, February 1, 2002
Central Philippine University vs. Court of Appeals, 246 SCRA 511, G.R. No.112127, July 17, 1995
De Luna vs. Abrigo, 181 SCRA 150, G.R. No. L-57455, January 18, 1990
Vda. de Tupas vs. Regional Trial Court of Negros Occidental, 144 SCRA 622, G.R. No. L-65800,
October 3, 1986
Parks vs. Province of Tarlac, 49 Phil 142, G.R. No. L-24190, July 13, 1926
Zapanta vs. Posadas, 52 Phil 557, G.R. No. L-29204, December 29, 1928
Balaqui vs. Dongso, 53 Phil 673, G.R. No. L-31161, October 28, 1929
Concepcion vs. Concepcion, 91 Phil 823, G.R. No. L-4225, August 25, 1952
Cariño vs. Abaya, 70 Phil 182, G.R. No. 46706, June 26, 1940
Roman Catholic Archbishop of Manila vs. Court of Appeals, 198 SCRA 300, G.R. No. 77425, June
19, 1991
Secretary of Education vs. Dulay, 480 SCRA 452, G.R. No. 164748, January 27, 2006
Bautista vs. Sabiniano, 92 Phil 244, G.R. No. L-4236, November 18, 1952
Vitug vs. Court of Appeals, 183 SCRA 755, G.R. No. 82027
Hemedes vs. Court of Appeals, supra
Lagazo vs. Court of Appeals, supra
Sumipat vs. Banga, G.R. No. 155810, August 13, 2004
Genato vs. de Lorenzo, 23 SCRA 618, G.R. No. L-24983, May 20, 1968
Araneta vs. Perez, 17 SCRA 643, G.R. No. L-18872, July 15, 1966

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C. EFFECTS

1. Limitations of Donations: Compulsory Reservations of Donor:
a. For Support – NCC 750; Exceptions
b. For Payment of Creditors – NCC 758-759
c. Prohibition against Inofficious Donations – NCC 751
2. Joint Donees: Right of Accretion – NCC 753
3. No Warranty Against Eviction; Exceptions – NCC 754, 1548, see FC 85
4. Special Stipulations
a. Reservation of Right to Dispose Property – NCC 755
b. Different Donees of Naked Ownership and Usufruct – NCC 756
c. Conventional Reversion – NCC 757
d. Payment of Donor’s Debt – 758-759

Calicdan vs. Cendaña, G.R. No. 155080, February 5, 2004
Shopper’s Paradise Realty & Development Corporation vs. Roque, G.R. No. 148775, January 13,
2004

D. REVOCATION AND REDUCTION OF DONATIONS INTER VIVOS

1. Reduction: Grounds and Effects
a. No Reservation for Support – NCC 750
b. For Payment of Creditors – NCC 758-759
c. Inofficious Donations; Return of Fruits; Transmission of Right of Action; Who
May Bring Action; Rule in case one donation not sufficient to cover legitime –
NCC 752, 760-763, 768, 771-773

2. Revocation: Grounds and Effects
a. Non-Compliance with Conditions; Effects on Alienations and Encumbrances;
Prescription; Transmission of Right of Action; Return of Property and Fruits –
NCC 764, 768
b. Ingratitude; Effect on Alienations and Encumbrances; Return of Fruits;
Prescription of Action and Transmission of Right of Action – NCC 765-770;

Ongsiaco vs. Ongsiaco, supra
Eduarte vs. Court of Appeals, 253 SCRA 391, G.R. No. 105944, February 9, 1996
Noceda vs. Court of Appeals, 313 SCRA 504, G.R. No. 119730, September 2, 1999
C-J Yulo & Sons, Inc. vs. Roman Catholic Bishop of San Pablo, Inc., G.R. No. 133705, March 31,
2005

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