2H-MT it is just an expression of one’s feelings; thus,

ART APPRECIATION there is no need for a feedback from another.

This is usually, but not always, in the form of
INTRODUCTION OF ART representational art (ex.: Jackson’s Pollock’s
Important in Art: action painting through the use of drip
technique.
➢ Life of the art
➢ Elements Art may reflect the reality but no work of art is
➢ Techniques truly realistic.

There is Art for COMMUNICATION & EXPRESSION ETYMOLOGICAL MEANING:

*IN ART, THERE IS TRANSCREATION • Latin ARS – ability or skill

→ One must understand the art in order to • Italian ARTIS – craftsmanship, skill, mastery
appreciate it of form, inventiveness

There needs to be experience by going A product of man’s need to express himself

through it and imagining it. Concerned with communication of ideas and
“Art is done in the finest way” feelings by means of sensuous medium

There are 2 forms of Art:
1. COMMUNICATION
• With 2 elements:
▪ IDEAL MESSAGE – must be
conveyed!
▪ RECIPIENT – there must be an
audience
2. EXPRESSION
• There must be an emotion
• Usually something that is abstract
*Dramatization can never be just for
EXPRESSING because there is always a
message that needs to be conceived
Brings life in harmony with the beauty of the
world
An attitude of the spirit
A state of mind
Skillful arrangement of composition of some
common but SIGNIFICANT QUALITIES OF
NATURE
Expresses human feelings, emotions, and
thoughts in a perfect meaningful and
enjoyable way
FOUR ESSENTIALS OF ART

1. Man-made
THE NATURE OF ART
2. Creative, not imitative
▪ In every age or country, there is always 3. Benefits and satisfies man
art. 4. Expressed through a medium/material
▪ It is everywhere
FUNCTIONS OF ART
▪

A TRUE WORK OF ART is made by man himself 1. Communication

2. Inspiration
not imitatively, but creatively. Therefore, art is a
3. Glimpse of thoughts, feelings, beliefs of
creation
people
Note: 4. Reflects practices, traditions, or culture of
Art does not always communicate. Sometimes, a certain community
 5. Means to change ways and behavior
6. Arts of daily life:
a. Utilitarian/Physical (objects,
architecture, community planning);
b. Practical use in everyday life; for
ornament or decoration
7. Symbol of the spiritual realm
8. Suggests social order
9. Narrates/tells a story
10. Shows how nature and art can be used
as subjects of art
11. Echoes human experiences
ART APPRECIATION
The knowledge and understanding of universal
and timeless qualities that identify any work of
art.
The ability to INTERPRET and UNDERSTAND man-
made arts and ENJOY them.
Preliminary to understanding is the use of
senses (physically and imaginatively) to be
able to “experience” that artwork.
Interpretation and understanding any art work
entails knowledge of the context:
- Cultural
- Historical
- Social
- Political
- Environmental
- Elemental
- Symbolic
- Allegorical
- Biographical
Beauty, therefore, in art is more than
subjectivity which means that beauty is in the
eye of the beholder. Instead, IT IS FOR THE
INTELLECT OF THE BEHOLDER. Appreciating art,
therefore, is more than the use of the five
senses. There is always an intellectual value
inherent in any art work.
Tragedy may not be “beautiful” but any art
that resonates what is tragic in life eventually
teaches a universal truth and teaches the
“beauty” of how to see life in a different light
Ex. W. H. Auden’s poem, Musee de Beaux Artes
was written out of the response to the three art
works (including Breughel’s The Fall of Icarus)
as he realized how the artists are never wrong
in portraying man who becomes apathetic of
the other person’s suffering since each has
his/her own business to attend to and that life
must go on.
Ekphrasis - the recreation in words of a work of
art.
SUBJECT VS. CONTENT IN ART
➢ SUBJECT: objects depicted by the artist
➢ CONTENT: what the artist expresses or
communicates, also the meaning/theme
*Content reveals the artist’s attitude towards
the subject
LEVELS OF MEANING
▪ Factual – literal statement or the narrative
content in the work
▪ Conventional – special meaning for a
particular culture (conventional = culture)
▪ Subjective – personal meaning
consciously or unconsciously conveyed
by the artist
The subject of art has some intellectual
content. - Osborne
KINDS OF SUBJECT
- Landscapes, seascapes, cityscapes
- Still lifes
- Animals
- Portraits
- Figures
- Everyday life
- History and legend
- Religion and mythology
- Dreams and fantasies
SCOPE OF ART o Magazine
(Types/Ways of classifying or categorizing art) ▪ Gustatory
o Food and beverage preparation
ACCD. TO MANAOIS ▪ Decorative
▪ Fine/Independent Arts (for aesthetic o Interior design of houses and offices
enjoyment)
ACCD TO PANIZO AND RUSTIA
▪ Practical Arts (for utility)
➔ ACCD. TO PURPOSE
ACCD TO SANCHEZ

▪ Visual o Practical/Useful - produces artifacts for

o Graphic (two-dimensional) the satisfaction of human need
o Plastic (three-dimensional)
EXAMPLES: Embroidery, Ceramics, Handicrafts
▪ Literature
▪ Drama and theater o Liberal - directed towards intellectual
▪ Music growth
▪ Dance
EXAMPLE: Philosophy, Psychology,
According to Estolas Mathematics

▪ Major o Fine - focused towards creative activity

o Painting for the contemplation of the mind
o Architecture
o Sculpture EXAMPLE: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture)
o Literature ▪ Major: actual and potential
o Music expressiveness. Examples include
o Dance music, poetry, sculpture
▪ Minor ▪ Minor: concerned on practical
o Decorative uses)
o Popular ➔ according to media and forms
o Graphic o Plastic - developed through space and
o Industrial arts) perceived by sense of sight;
▪ Visual
o Graphic EXAMPLE: Sculpture, Decorative materials
o Plastic
o Kinetic - involves element of
▪ Performing
movement
o Theater
o Play EXAMPLE: Dance
o Dance
o Music o Phonetic - directed towards sounds
▪ Literary and words
o Short story
EXAMPLE: Music, Drama, & Literature)
o Novel
o Poetry o Pure - takes one medium of expression
▪ Popular
o Film EXAMPLE: Painting
o Newspaper
o Mixed - takes more than one medium
EXAMPLE: Opera
NOTE how they would overlap. Michelangelo’s
Pieta, therefore is sculpture, a major art, a
plastic art, a fine art, a pure art, and a visual
art
WORLD’S MOST EXPENSIVE ART FROM THE BBC
DOCUMENTARY
POSSIBLE INFLUENCES IN THE CREATION OF AN
ART WORK:
▪ Biblical
▪ Personal
▪ Historical
▪ Cultural
▪ Natural/Environmental
ART ISSUES REVEALED (in the documentary)
▪ Commodification
▪ Non-accessibility
o Art is kept “bought” and “kept” for
prestige, investment, and luxury
o Essence and value are lost, for it may
only serve as a decor (in a business
enterprise/ for the wealthy)
o The public is deprived to see the art
works for they are displayed /kept in
private museums
o Value of art is no longer linked to
quality
PROVENANCE - AKA attribution, which defines
the (monetary) value of an art work; the more
prominent the previous owner of the art work is,
the more expensive the art work becomes. In
this practice, the owner becomes as important
as the artist
RESTITUTION ART – art that is restored or stolen
ART RESTORATION – refers to any attempt to
conserve and repair architecture, paintings,
drawings, prints, sculptures, and objects of the
decorative arts (furniture, glassware,
metalware, textiles, ceramics, and so on) that
have been adversely affected by negligence,
willful damage, or, more usually, the inevitable
decay caused by the effects of time and
human use on the materials of which they are
made.
EXAMPLE OF HOW ART IS DEVALUED IN THE
LOCAL CONTEXT
RITUAL
▪ an established or prescribed procedure
for a religious or other rite.
▪ a system or collection of religious or other
rites.
▪ observance of set forms in public worship.
▪ a book of rites or ceremonies.
▪ a book containing the offices to be used
by priests in administering the sacraments
and for visitation of the sick, burial of the
dead, etc.
▪ a prescribed or established rite,
ceremony, proceeding, or service:
▪ the ritual of the dead
▪ prescribed, established, or ceremonial
acts or features collectively, as in religious
services.
FESTIVAL
▪ a day or time of religious or other
celebration, marked by feasting,
ceremonies, or other observances
▪ a periodic commemoration, anniversary,
or celebration
▪ a period or program of festive activities,
cultural events, or entertainment
FESTIVIZATION – over-commodification of
festivals exploited by tourism and place
marketers
PAINTINGS
WHITE CENTER (Yellow, Pink and Lavender on
Rose)
MARK ROTHKO – painter; dominated the art
world in 1950- 1960s
- 1950
 - 10th most expensive painting
- Costs more than 72 million dollars ($72
840 000)
- Sold in 2007 at Sotheby’s in New York
- Bought for $10 000 by David Rockefeller
(a scion of one of the wealthiest dynasties
in America) in 1960
- It became known informally as the
“Rockefeller Rothko”
ARNE GLIMCHER
- American art dealer; Rothko’s friend
- “What Rothko is really interested in is the
idea an almost formlessness of color to
transmit pure human emotion.”
- “But all kinds of things converge for a
painting to bring that sum of money, such
as provenance and rarity. The painting
hadn’t been on the market for years.”
- “The value of a painting at auction is not
necessarily the value of a painting. It’s the
value of two people bidding against
each other because they really want the
painting. Those are impetuous moments,
and money becomes meaningless. It has
nothing to do with art.”
MASSACRE OF THE INNOCENTS
PETER PAUL RUBENS – painter; one of the
greatest artists of all time
- 9th most expensive painting
- Sold in 2002 o Costs $76 529 058
- Depicts the episode of the biblical
Massacre of the Innocents of Bethlehem
DAVID JAFFE – senior curator
KENNETH THOMSON – Canada’s richest man
(Bought the painting with his son David
Thomson)
“Overnight, the same painting can be
viewed in a completely different way. The
canvas was exactly the same but the way it
was perceived was magically transformed
by its attribution to a superstar artist.”
AU MOULIN DE LA GALETTE
PIERRE-AUGUSTE RENOIR
- Painted in 1876 o Costs $78 100 000
- 8th most expensive painting
- Was owned by John Hay Whitney
- Sold at Sotheby’s in New York in 1990 to
Ryoei Saito
RYOEI SAITO
- Caused international outrage when he
suggested in 1991 that he intended to cremate
both paintings with him when he died.
However, when Saito and his companies ran
into severe financial difficulties, bankers who
held the painting as collateral for loans
arranged a confidential sale through Sotheby's
to an undisclosed buyer. Although not known
for certain, the painting is believed to be in the
hands of a Swiss collector.
JEFFREY ARCHER - Novelist, who has collected
art for decades (50 years) and ranked 583rd in
Britain’s richlist
WATER LILY POND
CLAUDE MONET
- Costs $80 379 591
- 7th most expensive painting o Sold at
Christie’s in London in 2008
TANIA POS – an art advisor who bought the
painting for anonymous client
- What motivates the collectors to spend
an amount on works of art? – “The
people that I work with are surrounded by
quality in their lives… They wish to have
the very best — whether it’s their home,
their car or their planes. It’s just the way
they live their lives.”
SUNFLOWERS
VINCENT VAN GOGH
- Painted in 1888
 - One of the most famous paintings in the
world
PORTRAIT OF DR. GACHET
VINCENT VAN GOGH
- Painted in 1890
- Costs $82 500 000
- 6th most expensive painting
- Bought in Christie’s in New York in 1990 by
Ryoei Saito
CHRISTOPHER BURGE – Christie’s most
experienced auctioneer
TRIPTYCH / FRANCIS BACON
- Costs $86 281 000
- 5th most expensive painting
- Sold at Sotheby’s in New York in 2008
- “Collectors bought art for love, prestige,
investment, and a luxury item.”
- Triptych is a picture carving on three
panels, typically hinged together side by
side
ADELE BLOCH-BAUER 1 / GUSTAV KLIMT
- Painted in 1907
- The canvas, embellished with silver and
gold, practically screams “money”.
- Looked like it is an infatuation to high
society
RONALD LAUDER
- heir to the Estee Lauder cosmetics fortune
and said to have paid $135 million in 2006
ADELE BLOCH-BAUER II / GUSTAV KLIMT
- Painted in 1912
- Costs $87 936 000
- 4th most expensive painting
ADELE BLOCH-BAUER
- A wealthy society woman in Vienna o
Wife of a Jewish sugar merchant
- “Not all collectors buy art for global
recognition”
DORA MAAR AU CHAT / PABLO PICASSO
- Painted in 1941
- Costs $95 216 000
- 3rd most expensive painting
- Sold at Sotheby’s in 2006
GARCON A LA PIPE / PABLO PICASSO
- most expensive artist
- Painted in 1905 when he was 24 years old
- Sold in 2004 o Costs $104 168 000
LE REVE / PABLO PICASSO
- Painted in 1932
- Kate’s father had bought for $7,000 in the
early Forties (it went for $48.4 million on
the night).
- A portrait of the artist’s mistress, Marie-
Thérèse Walter, it belongs to the same
series as the record-breaking Nude,
Green Leaves and Bust.
KATE GANZ
- A New York dealer
- Her father Victor made a fortune in the
costume jewelry business and amassed
an important collection of 20th-century
art with his wife Sally.
- “People have so much money now that
they’d rather have the trophy of the
painting. But it’s hard to explain. If you
begin equating art and money, you get
into trouble. All the things about art that
are moving and special, that make you
feel something, have nothing to do with
money.”
NUDE, GREEN LEAVES AND BUST / PABLO
PICASSO
- Costs $106 482 500
- The most expensive painting
- Painted in 1932 featuring Marie-Therese
Walter (Picasso’s mistress)
 - Whoever bought it (rumoured to be a
Georgian oligarch) has lent it to the Tate
Modern for two years
WALTER BENJAMIN - “But the instant the
criterion of authenticity ceases to be
applicable to artistic production, the total
function of art is reversed. Instead of being
based on ritual, it begins to be based on
another practice – politics.” Extraordinary
prices distort the meaning of paintings.
CATERGORIES OF ART BASED ON APPEARANCES
OF THE VISIBLE WORLD
REPRESENTATIONAL: represents the world as our
eyes see it
➢ Naturalistic representational art – image
is faithful to visual experience (ex:
Portrait of Jose Ruiz Blasco, the Artist’s
Father by Pablo Picasso)
➢ Stylized representational art – does not
reflect direct, objective observation;
conforms to an artistic or intellectual
idea (ex: Three Women at the Spring by
Pablo Picasso)
NONREPRESENTATIONAL: art that doesn’t refer
to the appearances of the visible world
(arrangement of colors & shapes)
ABSTRACTION – farther removed from
objective visual exp, altho subj can still be
recognized. Certain aspects of reality taken,
then simplifies and recombines them (ex: Three
Musicians by Pablo Picasso)
OTHER TEXTS USE THE FF AS WAYS OF
REPRESENTING THE SUBJECT:
REALISM – depicts the way the subject would
normally appear in nature
*NO WORK OF ART IS TRULY REALISTIC. (ONLY
ILLUSION OF REALITY IS PRESENTED THROUGH
THE CAREFUL CHOICE OF DETAILS)
DISTORTION – figures have been so arranged
that proportions differ noticeably from natural
measurements
Kinds of Distortion
- Stretching
- Twisting
- Deforming the natural shape of an
object
Abstraction
VINCENT VAN GOGH
He Belongs to artists who are impressionist
Impressionism – concern in naturalistic
Before artists would confine themselves in the
four corners when making artwork.
But there was an instance when because
pigments are discovered, and they can now
be placed and their canvass can be carried
and they could go out so that nature would be
their subject when they’re painting
Vincent Van Gogh differentiates himself from
other artists because of his way of painting.
Dabs or strokes (Strong Brush Strokes)
IMPASTO
Biography - in the literal art there is this
classification which refers to something that is
written about a life of another.
BIOGRAPHIES OF VINCENT VAN GOGH
➢ Vincent – Don Mclean
➢ Loving Vincent
Why is the movie, Loving Vincent, like an
autobiography rather than just a biography?
- The storyline of Loving Vincent is based on
the letters Vincent Van Gogh he sent to
his brother, Theo.
- There is a personality stamped in the film
(his impasto!!)
What way of representing art was used in the - Based on Loving, Vincent: they would
film? not always meet halfway
- They would always be in conflict until
- STYLIZED REPRESENTATIONAL
they have to part ways.
They do not only represent what is still but also As individuals we what we know of is that the
those that are moving like the anime and the
best person to understand us is our family
movie itself.
Right after his brother had a son, Vincent felt
SOME INTERPRETATIONS OF VINCENT BY DON
that he was a burden to him
MCLEAN
Theo was actually very supportive of Vincent!!
Allusive song that reminds us of his paintings
and his life. His relationship with his mom, even though he is
the oldest, Vincent knew that he can’t be the
Starry, starry night person his parents want him to be which may
Paint your palette blue and gray
have caused his depression
(Starry Night Painting)
Media he used in painting – OIL &
Now I understand
WATERCOLOR
What you tried to say to me
(No one understood him) Others are in forms of drawings also

And how you suffered for your sanity He was able to produce sobrang daming
(Portrait of Dr. Gachet – Dr. Gachet is Van paintings but the irony is that he only sold one
Gogh’s psychiatrist) painting

He sold that painting 3 months before his

(Why did he need a psychiatrist? He is
depressed, He cut of his ear and gave it to a death.
female on a brothel, he might be psychotic “Red Vineyard” – only painting ever sold
and has schizophrenia)
Starry Night
You took your life, as lovers often do
- This is actually a product of his
(Van Gogh took his own life on the 29th of July
imagination
year 1890)
What made this painting so significant?
(Others believe that he was shot by another)
- Everything needs to be put to the test
Flaming flowers that brightly blaze
- This provides for the spiritual bareness
(Sunflowers)
which he would like to accomplish
Weathered faces lined in pain - They came from a family of religious
(POTATO EATERS) people
- The background
Paul Gaugin – both of them would make use of
the same subject. True or False:

Their relationship: Van Gogh painted Starry Night looking at a

window. FALSE SYEMPRE (painted it with his
- They live in 1 house memory)

STARRY NIGHT
- Blending of something that is earthly and
heavenly
- Circular - the stars he painted (a lot diff
from how we portray stars)
(Nagpakita si ma’am ng paintings na
sunflowers)
Talks about realities in life
There is a binary here (Life and Death)
The question is are your trying to tell me one
here represents life and the other represents
death?
- not necessarily, both paintings show life
and death: we were born just to die
Absurd - useless (like we were born just to die)
Existentialism - you have to discover your own
essence
What is pointed here is not the pointlessness
but the reality itself
Others would not see starry night as a work of
either impressionist or postimpressionist
- because it is more of dreamlike super and
realism
SURREALISM
Example of Surrealism
- Salvador dali - surealism - persistence of
memory
POTATO EATERS
- critics do not like it
- colors are darker
- use of light is still there
- his impasto is unseen
- it is clear that brush strokes aren’t clearly
defined
- Subject: people
- Content: talks about poverty
What makes it talk about poverty?
- they eat potato (staple food)
- they can be people not in the same
bloodline, but they just live in the same
roof
- they might be farmers
- their clothes
- the setting there is only 1 light there
- infrastructure
Remember subject: what do we see &
content: message
ABSINTHE
- hallucinogen (you’ll see things)
- di sya absent (Daniel intoxicated ka raw)
- alcohol – 75%? alcohol
- presence of wormwood
- jargon introduced: Artemisia absinthium
contains thujone
- Thujone is a chemical that can cause
seizures when consumed in large
quantities
Absinthe was banned because of the high
alcohol content and toxicity.
DIGITALIS (van Gogh was treated with this
because he was epileptic)
- anatomy: fingers
- botany: Alcohol by volume: 45–74%
- it can actually let people see YELLOW
(justification for Van Gogh’s yellow
pigments in his paintings)