Doktorat - Jovica Moji

-
, 2016.
UNIVERSITY OF NIS
FACULTY OF ECONOMICS
ovica Тć, MSc
VALORIZATION OF ECONOMIC - GEOGRAPHICAL

RESOURCES OF SOUTH SERBIA IN THE FUNCTION OF
TOURIST DEVELOPMENT
Doctoral disertation
Nis, 2016.
:
10,
e-mail: jmojic@sezampro.rs
. ,
_______________________________
. ђ ,
_______________________________
. ,
_______________________________
:
_______________________________
, , ,
,
, , , ,
.
. Ш .
ђ ,
,
, ,
.
,
,
,
.
, ,
. a
,
.
.
ђ
,
,
,
.
, - , .
The Scientific contributions of the doctoral dissertations
Determining the role of tourism in the development of southern Serbia, a

predominantly rural and undeveloped areas, as well as consideration of the possible directions
of development not only of different forms of tourism, but also other complementary
activities, the self-imposed as the contents of the priority activities in the work.
In this way, will be showing the potential and importance of tourism to overall
economic development, but also the development of this activity limitations arising from
altered depopulation and unfavorable demographics and traffic isolation, much of southern
Serbia. At the empirical level will be determined by the current level of development, where
there is a tourist destination of Southern Serbia, which will enable the successful development
of new routes. The current level of development of tourism in South Serbia will be determined
on the basis of analysis of the level of development, infrastructure and overall trends in
revenue.
It is expected that the study indicate the directions of development of tourism in
Southern Serbia and offer optimal development model of tourist destination systems and
products. Given that tourism is based on people and their interactions, the expected
development of tourism of South Serbia must be based primarily on the development of
tourist thinking total local population, which will continue to profile the appropriate
personnel, who will continue with the development of the tourist system.
In this way the dissertation will get an application importance and its results can be
incorporated into the official strategy of tourism development in South Serbia as a whole, but
also some of its spatial units - counties, municipalities and others.
Ђ
ђ
: -
,
.
( : . )
ЋTATEMENT OF MENTOЊ’Ћ CONЋENT FOЊ ЋUBMIЋЋION OF COMPLETED

DOCTORAL DISSERTATION
Hereby, I declare that I agree that the candidate JШvТМК MШУТć, MЋМ can submit
completed doctoral dissertation to the officer for postgraduate education of the Faculty under
the name of: VALORIZATION OF ECONOMIC-GEOGRAPHICAL RESOURCES OF
SOUTH SERBIA IN THE FUNCTION OF TOURIST DEVELOPMENT, for the purpose
of its evaluation and defense.
(MОЧtШr’s sТРЧКturО: ЏuФКšТЧ ŠušТć, ЈСD)

, ,
.
, ,
.
___________________________________
, ________________
S TATEMENT
With due material and moral responsibility, hereby I declare that the doctoral dissertation is
the result of personal scientific research and that the references used are cited adequately
аТtСШut usО ШП ТНОКs, rОsuХts КЧН tОбts ШП ШtСОr КutСШrs ТЧ tСО аКв tСКt СТНОs tСО sШurМО’s
originality. I take the full responsibility for conducted research, analysis, data interpretation
and conclusions.
Signature:
___________________________________
NТš, _______________________
" -
"
:
. ,
- .
.
, ,
.
(UNWTO). ђ ,
.
( ),
( , ,
.). ,
: , , , , ,
. ,
.
, ђ
ђ .
,
. ђ
,
. ђ
, ђ .
: J , , ,
, , , ,
...
UDK 338.48(497.11)
"Valorization of economic - geographical resources of South Serbia
in the function of tourism development"
bstract: At the beginning of the motives that explain the choice of topics and points
to a way of doctoral dissertations. Then, in a conceptually related topics will be discussed
theoretical and methodological background and work harder to define. Will discuss the
development of tourism as a modern social and global phenomenon. Analyze the geographic,
traffic situation, as well as travel to some position emissive areas. There will be a complex
evaluation of tourism resources to the methodology recommended by the World Tourism
Organization (UNWTO). Also, based on tourist traffic and the number of nights will be
determined by the quality and level of tourism development Tourism South Serbia. At the
same time analyze the distribution of tourist traffic (seasonality), and types of traffic to tourist
destinations (mountain resort, spa centers, town centers, etc.). In this regard, a review of the
current forms of tourism in this tourist destination such as health care, transit, excursion, rural,
mountain, events and other specific forms of tourism. Furthermore, we will investigate the
specificity of the place of tourism in the economic structure of South Serbia. At the same
time, a review of the structure of the economy by sectors and cross-cutting relationships
between tourism and certain industries.
In parallel, to consider the position of South Serbia as a tourist destination with the
three most important aspects. The first is the setting up of indicators of competitiveness of
tourism, another analysis of competitive strengths and weaknesses of tourism and the third
aspect of the benchmarking analysis of tourism products and comparison with similar
resources. All of this contributes to the determination of directions of development of some of
the existing and new forms of tourism, as well as establishing a sustainable development of
tourism.
Finally, this paper will be on the development prospects of some forms of tourism in
the short term may bring the greatest economic effects with minimal financial investment.
Keywords: South Serbia, valorization, tourism product, tourism development, tourist

destinations, natural resources, anthropogenic resources, the area South Serbia ...
UDK 338.48(497.11)
………………………………………………...…………………………… 1
1. - .................................... 5
1.1 ................................................................... 5
1.2. .............................................................. 6
1.3. .......................................................... 7
1.4. ................................................................................. 8
1.5. ............................ 9
2. .................................................. 12
2.1. ......................................................... 13
2.1.1. .............................. 14
2.1.2. .............................................. 15
2.2. ......................................................... 18
2.2.1. ........................... 18
2.2.2. ..................................................... 22
2.2.3. ................................................ 26
2.2.4. .................................... 27
2.3. ђ .............................................................. 29
2.3.1. ..................................................................... 30
2.3.2. ........................................ 31
2.3.2.1. ..................... 33
2.3.2.2. - .............. 34
2.3.3. .................................. 36
3.
............................................................................................. 38
3.1. ...................................................... 40
3.2. .................................................. 44
3.2.1. ................................................................ 46
3.2.1.1. ........... 49
3.2.2. ........................................................................ 52
4. ............................................ 55
4.1. ................................................................................. 55
4.2. ............................................................................... 56
4.3. ............................................................................... 60
4.4. ................................................................................ 62
4.4.1. ........................ 64
4.4.2. ................. 64
5. . 67
5.1. .............................................................. 68
5.1.1. ............................................ 68
5.1.1.1. ..................................... 74
5.1.1.2. .............................................. 75
5.1.1.3. .......................................... 76
5.1.2. ........................................................ 80
5.1.2.1. .................................................. 81
5.1.3. .............................................. 83
5.1.3.1. ......................................................... 83
5.1.3.2. ................................................................. 85
5.1.4. ............................................. 92
5.1.4.1. ....................................................... 92
5.1.4.2. ............................................................... 93
5.1.4.3. . 94
5.1.4.4. ................... 95
5.1.5. ............................................................. 98
5.2. ...................................................... 101
5.2.1. .................................................. 102
5.2.2. e ............................................ 105
5.2.3. .................................................. 112
5.2.4. E ( ) ....................................... 113
5.2.5. .................................... 114
6. ...... 120
6.1. ......................................................... 124
6.1.1. ..................... 127
6.1.2. ....................... 130
6.2. .................................................... 132
6.2.1. ................................................................... 134
6.2.2. ............................................................. 134
6.2.2.1. ............................. 134
6.2.3. .............................................................. 135
6.2.3.1. ..... 136
6.2.3.2. ..... 140
6.2.3.3. ........................................... 141
6.2.3.4. ........................... 143
6.2.3.5. .......................................................... 145
6.3. ............................................................................ 149
6.3.1. ........................... 153
6.3.2. ................................................. 154
7. -
........................................................................................... 160
7.1. ............................................... 160
7.2. ................................. 162
7.3. ............................. 167
7.3.1. ............................... 167
7.3.2.
(WTO) ......................................................................... 170
7.4. ........................ 171
7.5. SWOT ............. 182
8. ..................... 185
8.1. ......................................................................... 186
8.2. ........................ 187
8.2.1. (Wellness/SPA) ......................................... 188
8.2.1.1. ............................................................... 194
8.2.2. ...................................................................... 206
8.2.3. ђ .......................................................................................... 209
8.2.3.1. ................................................ 211
8.2.4. (City Break) ...................................................... 215
8.2.4.1. ....................................................... 217
8.2.4.2. ........................................................ 218
8.2.5. ........................................................................... 220
8.2.6. ........................................................................ 221
8.2.7. ........................................................................ 223
8.2.9. ......................................................... 224
8.3. .................................... 227
8.3.1. .................................................................................... 227
8.3.2. ............................................................ 229
8.3.3. - .............................................. 231
8.3.3.1. .......................................................... 233
8.3.3.2. ............................................ 234
8.3.4. .................................................................... 238
8.3.4.1 ........................................................................ 239
9. .......... 243
9.1. ( ) .... 245
9.1.1. ↔ ...... 245
9.1.2. ↔ ........ 247
9.1.3. ↔Ђ ....................................... 248
9.1.4. ↔ ......................................... 249
9.1.5. ↔ ................................................. 250
9.1.6. ↔ ............................................... 251
9.2. ђ / ...................................... 252
10.
................... 256
10.1. ..................................... 258
10.2. ..................................................... 261
10.3. .............. 263
10.4.
....................... 266
....................................................................................................... 273
................................................................................................... 277
............................................................................................................. 290
.................................................................................................. 293
................................................................ 294
................................................................................ 296
....................................................................... 297
............................................................................. 298
Ta 1. ............................................... 24
2. . ................................................................. 55
Ta 3. º
.......................................................................... 83
4. , ,
АЉI ............................................................... 91
5. / . ........ 121
6. . ,
2010. ....................................................................................................... 124
7. . ,
2011. ....................................................................................................... 125
8. . ,
2012. ................................................................................................. 126
9.
. 2010. ................................................................................ 127
10.
. 2011. .............................................................................. 128
11.
. 2012. ................................................................................ 128
12.
. 2008. - 2013. ............... 128
13.
, . 2012. ........................ 129
14.
. , 2013. 2014. ............................... 130
15.
. 2000. - 2012. ............................................................... 131
16. ,
. , 2013. ................................. 131
Ta 17.
, 2012. ................................................................................ 138
Ta 18.
2012. ............................................................... 139
19.
. 1971. 2011. .......................................................... 152
20. 2002-2011 ( %) ............................................. 152
21. , ,
2011. .................................................................................... 154
22. ,
, , , ,
, 2013. . 155
23. , , 157
15 , , 2013.
24. .
, 2010. ... 157
25. 2013. ............... 164
26.
2013. ............................................................................. 165
27. ................................................ 172
Ta 28. .................................................. 174
Ta 29. ............................................... 176
30. . ....................................... 177
31. SWOT . ............................ 183
32. Wellness/SPA ..................................................... 190
33. - ...................................................................... 225
34. ............................................................................. 243
35. ............. 253
T 36. .............................................. 269
1. . .................................................................. 56
2. ............................................................................... 57
3. ............................................................................................... 58
4. ................................................................................................ 59
5. ............................................................................................. 59
6. ................................................................................................. 60
7. a a ............................................................................................ 71
8. a a ........................................................................................ 71
9. ..................................................................................................... 78
10. ...................................................................................... 78
11. ....................................................... 86
12. ..................................................................... 87
1. ........................................................................................... 72
2. ............................................................................................. 73
3. ........................................................................................ 73
4. ........................................................................................... 79
5. ђ ............................................................................................... 109
6. ђ ................................................................................................. 110
7. Ћ ........................................................................................................ 111
8. ........................................................................................... 195
9. .................................................................................................. 196
10. ..................................................................................... 198
11. .................................................................................................. 199
12. ................................................................................................. 201
13. ........................................................................................... 203
14. ............................................................................................... 204
15. ............................................................................................... 205
16. .................................................................................................. 206
17. ........................................... 246
18. ............................................................. 246
19. ................................................................................ 247
20. ....................................................................... 247
21. ................................................................. 248
22. Ђ .............................................................................................. 248
23. .............................................................................................. 249
24. ........................................................................................... 249
25. ............................................................................................... 250
26. ................................................................................................. 251
27. ............................................................................................. 251
28. ................................................................................................. 252
1. . 122
2. ................... 122
3. ....................................... 122
1. ……….......……..….. 28
2. ………………………………………….….…. 41
. - ... 290
Ta . - J .............. 291
Ta . - J 292
DOKTORSKA DISERTACIJA
" -
"
.
.
, ,
(
. ).
-
. ђ , ђ ,
,
. .
. , -
,
ђ . -
,
( ).
, , ,
,
.
. . ђ
ђ .
.
,
,
.
, ,
.
1
DOKTORSKA DISERTACIJA - MoУТć JovТМК
.
, .
ђ
,
, ,
. ђ
. ђ ,
,
, .
,
.
,
, ,
ђ , .
ђ
. .
( ),
( , ,
.).
, .
.
- .
.
ђ , ,
, .
.
WTO,
SWOT . .
. ђ ,
.
2
ђ / .
,
,
.
,
( )
. .
3
4
1. -
1.1.
"
- "
ђ .
, .
-
ђ .
- ,
,
ђ .
, ђ ,
,
, .
, ,
.
,
. , ,
, .
ђ ,
, ,
. ђ
. . ,
,
,
. .
,
5
, ђ
( )
,
. - ђ
. ђ ,
ђ
,
.
1.2.
.
.
ђ .
,
. ,
, :
, , , ,
, , , ,
,
( , ., 1966, . 295).
. ,
, .
. .
-
10 10
.
.
: , , .
: , , џ ,
, ( , e , , , ),
.
6
, ,
. :
, , ђ .
-
. : , , ,
, ђ , .
, :
, , , , , .
1.3.
. . ,
:
1- ,
ђ
. ,
ђ .
2-
, . ,
, .
.
3- - ђ
ђ . ,
, ,
. ,
.
4-
.
.
.
7
5- ђ ђ
, .
.
6- .
,
.
1.4.
.
,
, ,
.
.
, ,
- .
, ,
, ,
.
,
.
, ђ
. ,
.
( ) ђ
( , ,
.), ,
, .
8
ђ .
ђ
ђ . ,
ђ -
,
. -
.
, , .
,
, .
ђ .
:
( ), SWOT , , .
1.5.
a , .
-
.
,
. ђ ,
.
, ђ
,
.
9
ђ , ђ
,
ђ .
,
. - .
, ђ
. ,
- ,
,
.
-
ђ , ђ , ,
. . ,
. ,
.
.
, .
.
.
ђ ,
.
,
,
.
10
11
2.
XX .
,
. , ,
( , ., 2005, . 15).
ђ . , ,
( , . ., 1998, . 194).
, ,
.
, .
,
( , ., 1992, . 10).
, -
, .
.
ђ ,
. ,
, .
.
, ђ
. , ,
ђ .
, , ,
. "
, "( , ., 2002, . 496).
, ,
,
, .
12
2.1.
, , , ,
(
). ђ , ,
, ,
.
" ,
,
" (Ma , 1995, . 212).
,
, ,
ђ . Defert, P., (1972)
,
.
(Encyclopedia of Tourism, 2000)
,
,
,
.
- WTO (1994)
: 1) ; 2) -
; 3) ; 4) 5)
.
Howie, ,
" , ( ђ ) ђ
, ђ "
(Howie, F., 2003, . 45). , ,
, ђ
ђ ( , ,
.).
, ,
,
.
13
2.1.1.
ђ ( )
,
, (
, )
, ђ
, .
,
, . .
,
, -
( . ., 2006, . 55-56).
: (
);
( , , - ,
,
.) ( - ,
, ђ , ,
- .) ( , E., 2002, . 97).
, ,
. ,
Wilkinson, P. F., (1987, . 127-46): ..."
,
, ,
, ( )
ђ ".
14
2.1.2.
. ,
, ђ , ,
, ђ
.
,
.
(WTO).
:
• ;
• ;
• ;
• ;
• ;
•
• .
, .
," , .
,
( )"
( , Ђ., , ., 1997, . 35).
( ),
.
, ,
,
, , .
. ђ ,
,
( . ). ,
.
15
( , ,
...)
( .
). ђ ,
.
(АTO)
, :
•
• .
,
,
.
(
)
, ,
ђ .
.
, .
, ђ .
0-3, 0-5, 0-8, 0-10 0-12.
. - , .
B. - .
C. - , ,
.
D. -
.
-
. - .
F. - .
16
G. - ђ .
H. - џ , .
,
.
( , . ., 2006, . 79):
+B+C+D=Б
+F+G+H=В
X-
Y-
-
B-
C-
D-
-
F-
G-
H-
:
X XY
ђ ,
.
ђ .
:
ЏГ = ∑VI × ∑VE ∑VI =∑A+∑B+∑C+∑D ∑VE=∑E+∑F+∑G+∑H
VZ - ( ).
VI - , .
VE - , .
:
• ђ ;
• ;
17
• ђ
ђ , ,
ђ
.
2.2.
.
.
:
1.
ђ
, ,
, , ,
ђ .
2.
,
. ,
ђ
.
, , , ,
.
,
.
2.2.1.
.
.
18
,
, , .
.
, , , . ђ
( , , , ,
, : , , ,
, ,
, , , ,
, ,
, , - ,
, , , , ,
., ђ ,
, ,
.) ( , ,
)
( , 2009).
" ",
, ,
( , ., 2002, . 18).
. (2003)
: , , .
(
) ,
. ( ,
, , )
, ђ
.
( , , , , ,
). ,
, .
19
,
ђ .
. , ,
ђ ( , ,
, ).
Laws, E. (1995) Kripendorf, . (1982)
, a .
, , ,
, .
, ,
, , - ,
.
ђ
.
( , , )
. , ђ
,
ђ ,
ђ .
,
,
.
Midltonov
, ђ
, , , , џ . ,
.
,
ђ . ,
20
, ,
, .
WTO
.
.
WTO,
, :
 - ,
 - ,
 -
.
,
.
( ),
( - ).
( ),
.
( ђ ).
.
:
 ,
 ;
 ( );
 ( );
 (
);
 ( ) ;
 .( , ., , ., 2011, . 31).
ђ ,
.
21
2.2.2.
.
ђ
.
: - ,
, .
- ђ
.
. , , .
,
. ,
.
, .
.
,
,
. .
,
, .
,
,
( , ,
, ).
.
,
.
. ,
, ,
.
22
1.
,
2.
.
,
- .
,
.
.
.
,
, .
,
. ,
.
,
.
, ,
.
,
.
.
23
Ta 1.
ђ
 - ; - ( )
: , ., , ., 2011, . 39.
, .
,
.
, .
. Butler
(Butler, R.W., 1980, . 44): , , ,

, ђ . , ђ ,
"
, , ђ , ".
. .
. .
.
.
.
, .
.
.
.
24
.
.
.
,
. ,
.
.
.
.
, - .
.
, , .
ђ .
ђ , , ,
. , ђ
, .
- , .
ђ ,
.
: , ,
, , ,
, , .
.
,
ђ ( , ., 2002).
25
2.2.3.
( , ., 1988, . 193) :
( ) ђ
( ). ,
" " " "
- .
?
,
ђ .
.
( ) ђ
. ,
:
 ,

 .
( , , ,
, , , ), ( -
ђ , , ,
).
:
 ,
 ,
 ,
 ,
 ,
 ,
 ,
 , .
26
.
ђ ,
.
, .
. : , , , ,
.
.
( ђ ),
, ђ ,
.
, , ,
(Cooper, C., et al. 2002, .131-
139).
2.2.4.
, ,
.
ђ ,
. , ,
, ђ
, ,
. ,
, . ,
,
,
.
27
( 1)
,
,
.
1.
: Ritchie, Crouch, 2003, . 110-111.
,
. 1
,
.
џ
џ
,
.
( - ),
, , ,
28
.
,
, ,
ђ .
, ,
.
,
( , , , ),
.
2.3. ђ
ђ ,
( , ., . 2006, . 132).
,
, ђ
, - ( , .,
, ., 2006; , ., , ., 1998; , ., 1982). ,
ђ ,
, .
ђ
( , Ђ., 2005, . 87).
, ђ
,
( , Ђ., , ., 1997, . 36),
( , ., 1977, . 65).
, ,
: ,
( , ., , ., 2006; , .,
2002; , ., 1998; Laws, E., 1995; , E.,1984; Kripendorf, J., 1982; Baud-Bovy, .,
Lawson, F., 1967).
29
ђ ,
, , .
: , , -
.
, ,
, , ( , Ђ., 2005, . 88).
, , ,
( , .,2005, ).
.
,
ђ
.
ђ
(Lawson, F., Baud-Bovy, M., 1977, . 92).
, ђ ,
,
. ђ
.
, ђ
,
Ш
( Ђ., , ., 1997, . 37) .
2.3.1.
,
,
, , ђ
30
,
, ђ
, , - .
ђ , ,
ђ , , ђ ,
, .
, ,
.
ђ ,
, ( , ., 2007, . 48):
1. :
 : , , ;
 : , , ;
 : , , ;
 : , , ,
.
 : , , ,
.
2. :
 ;
 ;
 ђ .
3. :
 .
ђ ђ
.
2.3.2.
ђ
, . ,
31
, ђ .
ђ , ,
ђ ,
, , ,
.
,
- .
, ђ ,
џ , :
1. ,
2. ,
3. - ,
4. ( ) ,
5. .
,
, ,
,
ђ .
, ,
.
( )
. ђ
( ) ђ .
, ђ
. , ,
ђ
ђ . ,
ђ ,
.
,
.
32
2.3.2.1.
. ,
. Weaver, D., Lawton, L., (2002, .25) :"
".
Manning, R., (1999, . 43)
(Limits of Acceptable Change-LAC) "
". (WTO)
:"
, , -
"
(PAP/RAC, 1997). ,
(WTO, 2002).
Hunter, C., (1995b, . 52-92) ђ ,
:
 ,
 ( ) ,

 .
, ђ ,
, ,
.
, :
 ђ џ ,
 ђ ( ,
, , ),
 ђ , - ,
,
 ,
 ,
 ђ ђ ,
33
 ђ , ђ
,
 ђ џ
(Hall, McArthur., 1998, . 138).
ђ
,
:
1. ђ
,
, ,
.
2. ,
, .
( ) .
3. ,
( ), . ђ
.
,
,
.
,
.
,
(Saveriades, 2000, A., . 147-156).
2.3.2.2.
. ђ
(The International Ecotourism Society/TIES) 1991.
- : " ,
".
34
IUCN, 1996. ( - World Conversation

UЧТШЧ) : "
,
, ,
,
- ".
,
.
.
, ,
, ,
ђ .
, ,
.
, , .
ђ .
ђ ,
( џ , ., 2005,
. 22).
.
, ,
.
-
,
. ђ , ,
,
.
35
2.3.3.
.
,
, ,
.
( , .,
2007, . 195):
 ђ
, ;
 ђ
,
 ђ
.
. .
ђ .
, ,
.
ђ ( ller, P.,
2000, . 29-44).
ђ ,
, , .
.
36
37
3.
. ,
, ,
, , ,
,
, , ,
, ,
.
, , ,
, .
.
, .
ђ ,
,
.
. ,
,
, ,
, .
,
, .
, .
.
, ,
.
,
38
. :
1)
( ) .
;
2)
, , ,
;
3) -
, ђ , . .
,
;
4) -
.
,
.
.
:
1) . ,
,
;
2) . ;
3) ;
4) , , -
, џ
;
5) ђ ,
. ,
ђ
.
.
ђ :
1) ђ .
,
ђ ;
39
2) . ,
( ) ,
. ;
3) ђ
,
-
,
/ , , ,
(
);
4)
. ;
5) ђ џ ,
( , , ,
, ),
( , ).
, .
,
, ,
.
,
. , .
,
.
.
, .
3.1.
.
, , ,
40
, ђ
.
ђ
.
.
2.
- , ,
.
, , ,
.
, , ђ
.
2.
: , ., 2008, . 1-22
, , , , , ,
, , .
,
.
41
.
: , , ђ , ,
, , .
:
, , , , , ,
, .
ђ ,
40 .
. .
. : Delhaize, Merkator & Roda, DIS, IDEA,
Univereksport, METRO Cash & Carry, Supervero, Lilly...
.
.
, -
.
,
.
. ђ ,
,
.
.
. ( ,
.) ( - , , ,
, , ...).
. :
 ,
 ,
 ђ ,
 ,
42
 . ,
 ,
 ,
 ,
 ,

 .
.
. ,
,
,
.
: ,
, .
.
. .
,
, ,
.
. :
 4.650 ;
 , ;
 ;
 ;
 -
;
 ;
 ,
ђ
;
 ђ
10 ( 800 , 8
100 );
43
 ђ , ,
;
 ђ ,
;
, .
. ђ , -
, . ,
ђ .
3.2.
.
.
, .
.
, .
,
ђ .
, ,
.
, ,
.
, .
, : ( , ),
, , , .
44
, ђ , , . ,
( . ,
).
.
,
( , , ),
, ( , , , ,
, ).
, (
), ,
, .
,
.
.
.
, ђ ,
.
, .
( , , ),
( ,
ђ , ).
( , .), -
( , , ),
(
).
, ( .
), . ,
( ,
, , , , ,
.) .
45
. ,
, , , ,
ђ , ђ .
. 2013. ,
,
1,9% . ,
: ,
, , ,
.
, . (www.pks.rs/privredasrbije.aspx).
( , , )
. .
3.2.1.
.
( , ,
.) .
.
: ( ), ,
, , (
), ( ,
- ,
.).
ђ ,
, , ђ - .
. ,
46
,
. ,
, ,
.
.
,
, , ,
, , ,
, , ,
, , ђ ,
, .
( . ),
( ,
),
,
ђ .
. .
. ( )
( , ),
ђ , ,
. 70%
, 30% .
. ђ
, ,
.
. , 37% 55%
. , ,
, .
47
.
, . (Ђ ђ -
, ., , ., 2012, . 35).
.
.
, ,
: ,
ђ .
, , ђ .
.
:
 , , .;

( , , , )
( , );
 - , ,
, , . (
).

, , ,
, .
.
. , ђ , ђ
, .
, .
,
.
,
.
48
ђ
, , . . .
,
: , , ,
.
. ,
,
.
. ,
.
- .
,
.
,
, .
,
.
- .
,
.
,
ђ - . ђ
, : ђ ,
, ,
.
3.2.1.1.
,
,
49
. ,
ђ .
(Fritzsch, J., . 2010, . 74).
.
,
, ,
.
, ,
,
( ) ,
.
,
, ђ
, ,
,
,
.
- , ( ,
.), ,
, .
, .
,
( , ,
, ,
.).
50
.
, .
,
,
.
ђ .
/ ,
.
, , ,
.
( ,
, ) ђ
. ђ ( ),
, , , , ,
, , ђ
, ,
( ).
: , ,
,
.
,
,
,
. .
.
ђ
, :
, .
51
3.2.2.
ђ
, ,
. -
,
. , ,
,
. ђ
: , , , ,
. ђ , ,
ђ . ,
" " ,
. ,
. ,
, ,
.
,
.
,
.
.
,
- .
,
. ,
ђ ,
- ђ , ђ
. ,
.
- .
. .
, 10.
52
.
ђ
,
,
, .
" 2008",
: "
, , ,
.
,
, ,
".
. ,
, .
. ,
, .
. . 1991.
ђ ,
. .
, . ,
ђ .
.
. ,
.
10. ђ ,
,
ђ . ,
,
, , ђ ,
53
54
4.
, .
.
, ђ ,
4.1.
.
.
, .
, , .
,
, .
, ( ), ( ), (
) ( ) ђ ,
.
,
(43º 47' 11"),
(42º 15' 20"), (43º 10' 14")
(22º 31' 60").
2., 1.
2. .
. - ϕ- λ-
.
1. - 43º 47' 11" 21º 33' 31"
2. - 42º 15' 20" 21º 39' 29"
3. - 43º 10' 14" 20º 58' 22"
4. - 42º 25' 60" 22º 31' 60"
:A
55
. 43º 02' 06"

21º 45' 19" .
1. .
:
. .
.
,
.
4.2.
. ,
.
( ), ,
56
,
. .
-
, , .
, .
, , ,
, , ,
, .
,
. ,
, -
.
. , ,
, .
, .
: , , .
2.
:
57
- , ,
, , .
: , , џ , ,
( , e , , , ), .
2.729 km².
. 373.404 ( 2011).
.
3.
: (www.rzs.stat.gov.rs)
, ,
. : ,
, ђ .
2.230 km². 90.600 ( 2011).
.
58
4.
,
- . : , , ,
, ђ . 2.769 km².
255.463 ( 2011). .
5.
3.520 km² (3,98% ). 7 : ,

, , , , .
243.529 ( 2011). .
, ,
.
7 ,5 :
1. ( 54 km 9 km)
2. ( 42 km)
59
3. ( 47 km)
4. ( 60 km)
5. ( 14 km)
500 km².
(264 km²) (860 km²).
6.
4.3.
-
, ,
.
. ,
ђ . . ,
, ђ
.
. 10 .
, 2.528 km, , 2.300 km.
( ) ( ).
. 10
- 96,1 km. ђ
10 ,
4. ђ
60
, , , ,
, , , , ,
, , .
.
.
10 (2003),
10 ( - ) :
 15 000 20 000 .
 10 000 15 000 .
 6 000 10 000 .
 3 000 6 000 .
ђ
ђ , ђ
ђ ђ .
ђ ,
ђ .
ђ
, , ,
, .
- - -
,
. , 1999.
, - . .
- - .
ђ . .
- - -
, .
I II
, 10
. ђ
, .
61
. . ,
( ) , e,
, ђ .
4.4.
.
( ).
ђ -
. , ђ
.
,
,
.
- ђ
, . ,
. ,
.
.
:
 ,
 ,

 .
, ,
( , ., 1986):
 ,
 ,

 .
62
.
, , , , ,
.
ђ .
. .
,
, ,
.
,
.
.
.
,
, ,
. ђ , .
, ,
, .
, .
,
ђ ,
. 10 ,
10 .
, ,
( - - ) .
.
,
.
63
4.4.1.
, ђ ( ,
2008, . 90-91):
 ,
 ,
 .
. ,
, .
, .
,
. .
. , .
.
. .
4.4.2.
.
:
 ,
 ,

 .
. -
ђ .
. .
ђ , ђ , .
ђ .
,
64
. ђ ,
, .
, ,
.
. , .
- , ,
. ,
,
( , ., , .,
2001).
65
66
5.
, , , ,
(
). ђ , .
, ,
.
ђ
ђ
. , - .
.
(WTO)
ђ ,
.
, ,
, - . .
ђ
, ,
, . . , ђ
, , ,
. ђ , , ,
,
, , ,
, .
,
ђ .
- .
, -
.
67
. :
1) ;
2) ;
3) ;
4)
5) .
,
,
,
.
5.1.
( )
.
ђ , .
, , .
.
5.1.1.
- ,
.
. ђ
, , .
,
. ђ ,
.
, ,
.
68
, , ђ ,
( , ., , ., 2004, . 37-38).
,
. , ,
.
.
, ,
( , ., ,
., 2005, . 54).
. ,
.
, , , ,
( ђ ,
...).
. .
. ђ
, -
- . ( )
, : , ,
, , , , , ,
, , , , ,
. - ( ђ )
: , , ,
, .
.
, .
, ( , 1.196 m n.v.)
,
.
(1.703 m n.v.) - , (1.403 m n.v.)
(1.198 m n.v.).
, .
69
(460 m n.v.)
.
, , ,
, , .
ђ
. .
. . 34 km,
550 m. .
, .
. ,
.
.
- 50 km, - 45 km.
ђ
.
. - ,
, .
.
; , ,
, ( ) ,
.
.
, ,
.
-
.
.
, ,
( 1.344 m n.v.), .
, 17 km.
.
70
. , 7 km, ђ
, .
, , ,
.
. 8 km .
ђ
.
.
, ,
, , , .
, Via
Militaris.
7. a a
: www.srbija.travel
. 1995. 115,73 ha
" ".
580 m ( ), 293 m
n.v. , .
8. a a
: www.srbija.travel
71
.
34 ФЦ, 550 Ц. .
, .
. ,
.
1.
: www.srbija.travel
.
. ,
, .
,
(6.025 m).
, , . , 515 m
n.v. , ,
2.800 , 310 .
, , .
-
20 . ,
, .
,
.
72
2.
: www.srbija.travel
.
ђ .
,
. .
, ,
, 30 m.
, (www.jugoistocnasrbija.rs).
3.
: www.srbija.travel
( ) ,
606 m n.v. 2 km .
620 m, 460 m.
.
. 60 cm.
, , . ,
ђ .
( )
3.829 m.
900 m .
73
,
, ,
,
.
( , , ,
.) ( ,
., , ., , ., 2006, . 63-77).
5.1.1.1.
: ,
.
` .
- :
 200 m n.v.
 ђ 200-500 m n.v.
 500-1.000 m n.v.
 1.000 m n.v.
, ђ , . ђ -
, 500 m
1000 m n.v.
, ,
. 1.000 m n.v. 10%
. . ,
. 1.500 m n.v.
1.922 m n.v.
.
, , , .
. .
,
.
74
,
.:
. .
. ,
, , ,
. ,
. , J., (1992) 3
, 3-15
, . ђ 15 30
,
- .
( 500 m), -
ђ . ,
, 500 ha,
1.000 m ( ) 1.500 m ( ),
200 m, . ( , ., 1990, . 381-422).
ђ .
,
. .
, .
, , ,
.
5.1.1.2.
. ,
,
, .
: , , .
. :
75
1. -
: , , , , , ,
.
2.
: , , - ,
, (BТrНаКtМСТЧР),
, .
Ђ -
. . .
, , , , . ђ ,
Ђ ђ .
Ђ “
: , , , , ”.
40 . Ђ
1959. ,
67 .
50 .
. ,
: ,
, .
27 km .
(Ђ ), .Ђ
ђ ,
. 500 m 235 m.
65.000 m2. ђ ,
Ђ .
425 m, 31.875 m2 (www.glassrbije.org/srbija).
5.1.1.3.
ђ
: ђ .
76
ђ .
.
, :
, - , - , -
, - , , ,
, ( , . ., 2002, . 102).
- , .
- .
.
, . ,
, .
.
- .
: ,
. ,
, ,
, .
45 km, 15 km,
-
- . -
250 m n.v. 1.810 m n.v. ,
.
( ,
), ,
.
,
( , , , ,
), , . ,
,
77
.
, 1.810 m n.v.
1.361 m n.v. .
: , џ , ,
.
9.
: www.srbija.travel
: .
. Ђ
(1.492 m n.v.), (1.481 m n.v.), (1.313 m n.v.) (1.257 m n.v.)
ђ .
ђ - (
). .
, , .
10.
: www.srbija.travel
78
.
, .
(1.442 m n.v.), (1.207 m n.v.), (1.192 m n.v.),
(1.370 m n.v.), (1.405 m n.v.), (1.386 m n.v.) (1.306 m
n.v.). , , - ,
. ,
, , (1.310 m n.v.) (1.327 m n.v.).
4.
: www.srbija.travel
ђ ,
. - .
: , . (1.409 m
n.v.).
,
, .
. .
, ,
. (1.345 m n.v.)
, .
,
. ,
, ,
, .
, ,
,
79
.
.
: (1.721 m n.v.) 16 km
, (1.638 m n.v.) 13 km , (1.664 m n.v.)
9 km , (1.876 m n.v.) 22 km
(1.753 m n.v.) 8 km . 12.000 .
, (1.923 m n.v.), ,
ђ , - .
ђ 480 m 250 m,
500 .
.
. .
.
1.876 m n.v. 1.757 m n.v.
ђ ,
. 1.881 m n.v.
.
ђ ђ .
, (1.719 m n.v.).
5.1.2.
, .
, , ,
, .
. ђ
ђ
80
. ,
.
. ,
ђ .
.
. ђ
,
. .
, .
. ,
, .
:
( 500 m n.v.
ђ 11,4°C 12°C), ( .
1.500-2.200 ), (
3 )
( 589,6 mm 123 43
).
5.1.2.1.
. ,
, .
300 Ц 10,9 C, 300 Ц 500

Ц 10,0 C. 1.000 m
6,0 C, 1.500 Ц 3,0 C.
.
- 6,0 C 0C
. 300 Ц 500 Ц,
- 3,0 C - 1,0 C,
1.000 Ц - 6,0 C - 3,0 C.
81
11,0 C 22,0 C. 300 Ц

20,0 C 22,0 C, J.
400 Ц 500 Ц. 1.000 Ц ,
11, 0 C 16,0 C (http://www.hidmet.gov.rs).
- .
, .
540-820 mm,
1.000 m n.v. 700-1.000 mm ,
1.500 mm.
6,4њ ( -3,6њ 16њ

). .
, .
, .
, .
, - .
( , 2007.).
3.
º 1981-2010.
I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII .
-6,5 -5,3 -2,3 3,3 6,1 10,5 13,6 11,4 10,3 5,2 1,5 -4,8 3,6
-3,6 -2,6 0,2 5,6 10,2 13,8 15,8 16,1 12,3 7,4 2,9 -0,7 6,4
: ааа.СТНЦОt.РШv.rs
,
.
115 . ђ 15 МЦ 27 МЦ,
82
130 МЦ. 30 МЦ, ,

70 ( , . ., 2005).
900-1.000 mm .
- , - .
1 cm 30-43 ,
100 , 110 .
, .
, . -
, , ,
- .
5.1.3.
, , , ,
, ,
. ,
.
( , , )
( ), ђ
. , -
.
. :
, : .
5.1.3.1.
, , ,
.
1.000 mg/l
83
.
.
- , - .
20њC
.
.
( , , , ).
:
 20њC 34њC,
 34њC 38њC,
 38њC.
- 42њC
, , , :
, , - , ђ -
, - .
,
. .
. .
,
.
.
,
.
, .
( ), (
). : , ,
, ђ , , , ,
, ( ).
,
,
ђ . ђ ,
, ,
.
84
. ( ,
, , , , ,
, ),
, ђ
.
(96ºC),
(68ºC), (37ºC) .
,
.
. ,
, :џ , , , -
, , , , .
, , , .
,
. .
5.1.3.2.
: , , .
. ,
, ђ ,
. ђ ,
, ( , ,
) .
. 295 km
- .
.
, ђ -
. 49 km
246 km .
. : , , ,
, , , , .
85
11.
: www.srbija.travel
218 km
. ,
, , , ,
, , , .
60,4 km, 625
km². .
, , .
.
12 km .
.
, .
136 . .
.
, (1.073 m n.v.)
. ( )
( ), 84,5 km.
10 km
. 75 km.
. :
, . .
70 km
, 10 km .
86
:
.
. .
. .
, , .
12.
: www.srbija.travel
1949.
.
10,5 km2.
, , .
, ,
, .
, , ,
87
. ( - )
9 km 1,77 km
3,5 km. 20 m,
12 m ( 25 m ).
132,5 km. -
(250 m 115 m )
(480 m 150 m ).
ђ .
,
, , ,
, ( ,
), , .
, ,
.
18,5º , 17,1º .
18,0º ,
,
.
, 23,0º
( , ., 1985, 127). ,
, .
16,5 km2 ( ). 40
Ц 45 , 100 ,
.
, -
(www.arhiva.glas-javnosti.rs.).
ђ ,
1978. . ,
ђ ,
. -
, 13 km 10 km .
450 h 6m 10 m. ,
88
, 2-2,5
m, 40 m.
ђ .
, , , ,
, .
,
.
.
, .
,( ).
, , , , , .,
.
, .
,
, . .
7-8 km ,
400 m. 500 m, 250 m, 50 m.
2,5 m.
, .
ђ: , , ,
, , , .
(www.tt-group.net. reke i jezera u srbiji.rs).
.
ђ
.
- , . ,
(www.usr-moravica.com/jezera).
ђ ,
950 m. ,
ђ ђ ,
. ђ 1978. -
. 3,5 km,
100 m. , 25
89
km. „ “, ,
. ,
15 , 340 m
,
" ", . 64 .
„ “ 74,7 .
, ;
( , . Ђ.,
2005 , . 28).
. ђ
. .
2/3 , 1/3 .
,
, ,
. .
, ,
.
, ,
, ,
. , ,
, ,
.
II III ђ .
ђ
. ,
,
. ,
( ), ( ), (
) ( ), II III .
III . -
, II ђ ( ),
,
.
90
10.280 ФЦ².
102 Ц³/s. .
.
II III .
II ђ
. 20њC.
. ђ ,
. III
. , ђ
( , . Ђ.,
1990, . 96.)
4. , ,
АЉI
WQI
- - 66
64
100 65
300 66
100 66
- - 100 65
64
100 65
300 62
- - 100 65
- - 100 66
: , ,
29.08.2013.
91
2013. (
2013).
( 4) ,
,
.
АКtОr ЉuКХТtв IЧНОб (АЉI) (
(% ), ( 100 ЦХ), pH , BЈK5
(ЦР/L), (њC), (ЦР/L), (ЦР/L),
(NTU) (ЦР/L) (qТ)
.
5.1.4.
,
, .
( , ., 2000, . 52). , , ,
, .
, , , -
.
5.1.4.1.
( ) , ,
.
, .
.
. , ,
, , , , .
600-800 m n.v.
1.300 m n.v. 1.000-1.300 m
, , , .
92
, (
).
. , , ,
, , , . , ,
. .
, , , , , . ,
.
,
,
. ,
.
,
- .
.
, ,
.
.
ђ - IUCN (
, ,
- ,
.)
5.1.4.2.
( ) -
, , , , .
(
):
 - 259 - ,
 - 86 ,
93
 - 14 ,
 - 13 ,
 - 139 ,
 - 25 .
, , , , , ,
, , , . .
.
, .
: , , ,
, ђ , , , , ,
, , , , К .
, ,
ђ ,
" 028".
5.1.4.3.
, ,
. .
(500-900 m) ,
.
- , 600 m
. , , , , , .
1.200 m
. ,
.
.
ђ , .
ђ ( , )
( , ).
94
ђ .
ђ
.
.
.
,
.
,
( , , )
.
5.1.4.4.
.
, ,
ђ
.
.
. ,
,
.
ђ ђ
.
,
.
. - ,
-
, .
, ,
95
, , .
ђ
,
.
.
.
, .
ђ
ђ .
.
.
. ђ ,
.
.
. :
 , 1.829 km²;
 , 1.693 km²;
 , 1.413 km²;
 , 1.059 km²;
 - , 2.175 km²;
 , 1.544 km²;
 , 2.908 km².
.
, , , , , .
-
.
, .
96
-
( )
, , .
" ", " ", "
", " ", " ", " " " ".
,
, , , .
.
.
. -
.
-
,
ђ , ,
-
, -75 -
-75 - ,
- .
ђ
-75 - .
: , , , ,
. .
-
-75 , -75
,
,
- -
ђ , ђ - - -
,
-
- ,
,
97
- - ,
.
5.1.5.
, 5,8%
.
,
, , ,
, , ,
-
.
J.
: ,
, ,
Ђ , -
.
.
,
17 km. .
3 . , 7 km, ђ
.
,
.
, 400 m. ђ
. , 2 km,
, .
. 8 km
.
98
"ЏТК ЦТХТtКrТs".
, .
( )
, 3 .
. .
.
11 . ђ ,
ђ 112 , ђ
.
115,73 h , 20,50 h , 57,29 h 37,94 h
. 4 km.
: , , ,
. , -
. "
" -
, 39 , 20
.
.
, ,
.
, - .
( )
. 250 2
.
35 km, 12 km.
, ,
1.300 , .
, ,
. ђ
.
Ђ ( ),
. , Ђ
,
99
2010. . ,
Ђ
UNEЋCO. ,
. ,
.
( - )
ђ .
12,74 h . j
- , ,
. 400
, .
, ђ .
, . ,
ђ
.
.
( - ),
2.606 , ,
( ), ( ),
. , ,
,
.
,
(" ", . 66/91, 83/92, 53/93, 48/94
53/95 ) , 1996.
, 2,485 h .
ђ ( 840 m n.v.)
( 1.211 m n.v.)
( ) , (
- ), . ,
100
(436 m n.v.) .
11. ,
.
, ,
, ,
ђ
. , ђ ,
, ,
, .
.
5.2.
, .
, , ђ ,
.
,
. - , , ,
.
-
, , ,
, .
,
,
: ђ , , , ,
, , ,
( , , , , ).
,
, ,
.
101
. : , ,
, , , ,
.
, ,
-
, , ,
, -
, , .
. .
. ђ
, ,
.
,
, . ., " " (1990).
: , , ,
.
5.2.1.
ђ .
( -
2,6 10.000. . .). ,
- ( ЏI . .) -
.
- ( )
(
, 1983).
102
. ,
, .
700 m n.v. 20
, .
ђ ,
.
( - /
/ ђ ).
, .
, - ,
ђ - . , 9
6 . .
, 15 km ,
. ,
,
,
. . ђ ,
ђ .
,
,
ђ ( , , , , )( , 2007, .
23).
ђ ( -
5500. . .)
, , ђ ђ
. ,
. .
( - ) 6. 7.
( 1909. ),
. 1927.
( ђ ) 4-
3. . ђ
. I
103
. :
, , , ,
, .
(2200 - 750 / 700 . .)
. ,
, (2200. - 1600.
. .) . .
( ) 300. 750./700. . . .
- 3 .
ђ ђ . ,
, ,
.
, ,
, . ,
, , , , , ,
, , , , -
( , ., 2008, . 84).
ђ ђ -
, , " " ђ
.
( ).
(750 . . . 9 . .).
, ђ ,
- 12. 7. ,
4. 3. . . ђ
, ,
, ђ
, , .
( ) ђ ,
, .
. . ( . MОНТКЧК)
104
.
3. 4. ( , 1983).
„ “(
,
), ( , ., 1972).
( . NКТssus, . Ναϊσσός) ,
3. . ., . ђ
III. 5. 6.
, , , .
612. - 614. .
. ,
, , , , , , ,
, , . ђ
. ђ 1878.
(ЊШЦКЧ ОЦpТrО, 1987, . 322).
(Justiniana Prima) 8 km , 30
ФЦ . ђ I (527-565.),
, , . 535. XI ,
. .
.
.
-
, , ,
. , .
,
, , ,
.
5.2.2. e
105
.
" ",
3, (1984):
1. ;
2. ;
3. ;
4. 18. 19. ;
5. 19 20.
6. .
, ђ .
.
: ,
.
, ђ
IV V ( , ., 2007, . 125-147).
.
ђ ,
ђ ,
.
, .
IЏ
. ( ) 6.000 ,
, ,
, ( ) 40
ђ . ђ ,
, .
1972. . : , ,
, . 4. .
ђ : ,
, , .
ђ :
( , .,2009, . 111-125).
106
. ђ :
ђ , , ђ
ђ , .
,
ђ
, , ђ
( , , ., 1936, . 39-45).
.
,
ђ ( , ., 1985, . 199-205).
- ђ
. . -
. XII XVII .
: - ,
- , . - - џ ,
. ђ - - , - ,
- , - ,
- .
: (
, ,
, 30 ) 18
( 2
: .
. . 1,5 .
).
, .
.
. 888 .
( ) 1011. .
1498. .
, ,
107
. .
.
, . -
, - ,
- , - ,
- , - .
. (Ђ , ., 2008; , ., 2008;
, ., 1950; ):
 , 20 .
;
 ђ .
ђ ;
 ђ - , 4,5
, - -
- , 750 .
ђ . ђ
, . ђ
ђ 13. . ,
 ( ) - , .
;
 ( )- , . ;
 - . ;
 - . ;
 - . .
 - , .
;
 - . .
 ђ , 11
, .
, ђ ,
. ђ ;
 ( ) - , .
;
108
 ђ ,
2 . БЏ
(1451-1457) , II
.
,
;
 -
, 3 km 18 ФЦ .
1986. .
 ђ 18. ,
. .
, . ђ
, ,
ђ . :
, , . ђ
, , ђ .
,џ 16. ђ .
ђ ,
, - џ
. ђ , ђ 15. ,
ђ . ђ
. ђ
,
ђ .
5. ђ
: www.srbija.travel
109
 ( , ) ђ
.
, , .
ђ , , БIЏ ,
ђ 1371. 1389. , ,
. ђ
, ђ
. ђ ,
, ,
ђ Б
( ) БIЏ . ,
, , ,
. , .
6. ђ
: www.srbija.travel
18. 19. .
. .
, 6 ,
ђ .
. -
. ђ
, 1. 1927. ,
31. 1809. 6.000 .
4.000 .
- ђ
, , ,
. -
110
25 . , - ђ
, ,
, „
, ђ
“( , ., 2003).
Ћ -
(952 ), ,
ђ ђ . 4 ,
. 1892. 58
.
.
.
7. Ћ
: www.srbija.travel
19 20. . :
, , , ђ 1937. .
"
", 9. ђ 1937. .
- Ђ
XIX , .
1848. ,
ђ .
. :
 ,
, .
: 1874. 1877. ,
111
ђ 1915. 1918. ,
ђ .

. II
.
 12 -
ђ .
 1939. ,
1946. .
2004. .
 1912-1918. .
1917. ,
 1878. ,
. 1903.
.
5.2.3.
, ., (1967) ,
, .
: - , e.
-
. ђ ,
.
, ђ , ,
, .
1933. 40.000
.
,
. , ,
.
112
ђ .
.
ђ (
12. . ).
ђ 1878-1941,
.
858 , , .
. : , ,
- .
, 1948. ,
- ђ . .
33.000 ,
.
1960.
- , ,
. ђ 1765.
30 ,
.
, .
120
.
, .
.
5.2.4. E ( )
: , ,
( , ., 1994).
. :
113
- : , , , ,
, , :
. (
),
Ђ ђ , .;
- , ,
;
- , ,
( ;
-
;
- ,
, ђ , -
, , , .;
- ( , ),
( , џ , ,
, , , -
.), ( ),
( , .);
- , џ , , , ,
, .;
- , , , , .
- , ,
, ,
;
-
ђ (
);
-
, ( . ).
. ( .
- , ),
114
, ,
, , , .
5.2.5.
, ђ :
, , ,
, ,
, ,
.( , ., 2008, . 90-91).
( )
, , ,
, ,
.
( )
.
, , , , , , , ,
.
, ,
, .
( , ., 1967)
:
1. ;
2. ђ ;
3.
;
4. .
. ( , ,
), : ,
;
; ;
- ; .
115
-
, ,
ђ ( , ., , ., 2007, . 149-162).
ђ ,
. -
, ,
, , , , ,
( . ). - ,
, , .
-
, .
, ,
.
ђ , .
ђ
џ 18 ,
20 , ,
, , , ,
.
. , . ,
. , . . .
. . ,
.
,
џ , , ...(www.nis.okrug.gov.rs).
,
.
/6. . . ./
, ,
47 .
,
,
.
116
, 4. , ,
, ђ .
ђ , ђ
, 14. ђ ђ ,
. , ђ , 10. ,
(www.prokuplje.org.rs).
,
, -
, .
: ( )-
, ( ), -
, - , , -
, ,
, , - ђ ,
. . (www.gradleskovac.org).
. ђ
џ ,
џ , ђ .
, ђ 1690.
, ( ) ђ 1765.
- ђ 1844. . ђ
ђ .
: ( ђ 1905-1907. .)
ђ 1932. . .
.
. ,
. ђ
,Ђ ђ , . (www.vranje.rs).
ђ
.
.
ђ ,
,
117
. , , .
. .
,
.
. : , , , , ,
, џ , , , ђ , , , ђ ,
, , , , , ,
.
, ,
.
, ,
. , ,
. .
( , , , ,
, , , ),
.
118
119
6.
, .
. 70% .
50% . ,
.
,
.
.
. . 90-
( 29 / . , 15
), : ,
ђ , ,
, , .
.
.
, .
,
.
.
. .
.
ђ ,
.
-
.
,
120
, ђ ,
.
/ , , .
.
, /
( , , ).
- .
5. / .
/ /
1. , , ђ (3 )
2. , ђ , 12 (3 )
3. , 12 (3 )
4. , , 12 , ђ ,
(5 )
5. , ђ , 12 (3 )
1. - : -
, , , ,
, - .
2. .
1.
2.
3.
, ,
, - ,
4.
1. - ђ
2. - .
3. ,
4. , -
:
, ,
,
.
.
. ,
121
. 80 3.000
.
.
.
њ
11% 14,7%
4,3%
ч
14,7% 17,1% Ф р
П р
Ф
25,3% 12,9%
0,6% 0,6%
3,7% ња
Д а а њ
Б ј а а
95,1% Тр ј а а
1.
:
6,1%
21,5%
36,2%
Пр
49,7%
Ј
З а
2.
:
1 а
13,5% 17,2%
2 а а
9,8% 3 а а
13,5%
4 а а
16,6%
5 а а
6 а а
5,5%3,1% 9,8%
7 а а
11% 8-10 а а
р 10 а а
3.
:
122
. ,
, .
. :
 џ ;
 ;
 - ;
 ;
 , , ;
 ;
 ;
 - ;

.
,
.
. .
,
ђ ,
.
ђ
. , , 15
, 9
( , , , џ , , ђ , ,
, )
. ( , ., . 2009, . 95-110).
123
6.1.
,
,
, . .
6.
. , 2010.
90783 53561 37222 317370 261795 55575 4,9 1,5
88179 51368 36811 309658 254834 54824 5,0 1,5

31742 19128 12614 47296 27732 19564 1,4 1,6
22316 20338 1978 214132 209598 4534 10,3 2,3
12456 6593 5863 21322 10235 11087 1,6 1,9
3674 2685 989 5344 3922 1422 1,5 1,4
17991 2624 15367 21564 3347 18217 1,3 1,2
2039 1676 363 6849 6178 671 3,7 1,8
џ - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - -
286 284 2 484 477 7 1,7 3,5
- - - - - - - -
279 233 46 379 306 73 1,3 1,6
23377 21742 1635 118841 114698 4143 5,3 2,5
510 445 65 769 698 71 1,6 -

ђ - - - - - - - -
22867 21297 1570 118072 114000 4072 5,4 2,6
- - - - - - - -
14915 13546 1369 66336 63246 3090 4,7 2,3
7795 7594 201 51344 50362 982 6,6 4,9
20891 13596 7295 88650 79308 9342 5,8 1,3
16 16 - 27 27 - 1,7 -
674 588 86 1641 1460 181 2,5 2,1
571 424 147 849 614 235 1,4 2,0
12873 5965 6908 18409 10272 8137 1,7 1,2
ђ 6701 6552 149 67546 66765 781 10,2 5,2
56 51 5 178 170 8 3,3 1,6
24442 19974 4468 116137 107008 9129 5,4 2,0
408 377 31 2901 2062 839 5,5 27,1

3903 3380 523 35953 34821 1132 10,3 2,2
1875 921 954 3397 1445 1952 1,6 2,0
14363 11967 2396 62320 58146 4174 4,9 1,7
6262 5982 280 48386 47716 670 8,0 2,4
157 141 16 550 520 30 3,7 1,9
3736 3188 548 11016 10014 1002 3,1 1,8
- - - - - - - -
: , ,
2011, . 254-255
124
7.
. , 2011.
91618 55207 36411 302658 251788 50870 4,6 1,4
88952 52861 36091 295240 244906 50334 4,6 1,4

33530 21186 12344 51069 33260 17809 1,6 1,4
21845 20413 1432 198891 195095 3796 9,6 2,7
17173 7217 9956 24540 10533 14007 1,5 1,4
2574 2194 380 4018 3460 558 1,6 1,5
13830 1851 11979 16722 2558 14164 1,4 1,2
2303 2015 288 6895 6392 503 3,2 1,7
џ - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - -
83 81 2 237 235 2 2,9 1,0
- - - - - - - -
280 250 30 286 255 31 1,0 1,0
28547 25206 3341 141891 134461 7430 5,3 2,2
26 25 1 121 120 1 4,8 -

ђ - - - - - - - -
28521 25181 3340 141770 134341 7429 5,3 2,2
- - - - - - - -
15986 12996 2990 67066 61327 5739 4,7 1,9
12535 12185 350 74704 73014 1690 6,0 4,8
20781 13754 7027 82075 72734 9341 5,3 1,3
5 5 - 7 7 - 1,4 -
680 612 68 1514 1387 127 2,3 1,0
514 415 99 849 707 142 1,7 2,0
12942 6363 6579 16836 9145 7691 1,4 1,2
ђ 6372 6091 281 58558 57177 1381 9,4 4,9
268 268 - 4311 4311 - 16, -
1
24511 19704 4807 109110 99311 9799 5,0 2,0
411 411 - 1129 1129 - 2,7 -

3997 3379 618 34835 33334 1501 9,9 2,4
2434 1162 1272 5825 2528 3297 2,2 2,6
8731 6647 2084 16753 13589 3164 2,0 1,5

5628 5371 257 41311 40541 770 7,5 3,0
68 55 13 169 147 22 2,7 1,7

3242 2679 563 9088 8043 1002 3,0 1,9
- - - - - - - -
: , ,
2012, . 214-215
125
8.
. , 2012.
79631 47551 32080 290984 239298 51686 5,0 1,6
77782 45986 31796 286757 235505 51252 5,1 1,6

25713 14614 11099 42764 23814 18950 1,6 1,7
18338 16139 2199 194599 190152 4447 11,8 2,0
23750 12099 11651 35352 15772 19580 1,3 1,7
2544 1925 619 5036 3853 1183 2,0 1,9
7437 1209 6228 9006 1914 7092 1,6 1,1
1642 1380 262 3806 3419 387 2,5 1,5
џ - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - -
1 1 - 1 1 - 1,0 -
- - - - - - - -
206 184 22 420 373 47 2,0 2,1
27887 24458 3429 151360 142221 9139 5,8 2,7
2 1 1 8 6 2 6,0 2,0
ђ - - - - - - - -
27885 24457 3428 151352 142215 9137 5,8 2,7
- - - - - - - -
16712 13839 2873 76788 70188 6600 5,1 2,3
11173 10618 555 74564 72027 2537 6,8 4,6
20539 11692 8847 73036 57966 15070 5,0 1,7
- - - - - - - -
885 709 176 2250 1713 537 2,4 3,1
481 410 71 658 561 97 1,4 1,4
14176 6024 8152 19614 10187 9427 1,7 1,2
ђ 4735 4287 448 45852 40843 5009 9,5 11,2
262 262 - 4662 4662 - 17,8 -
21689 16596 5093 88105 79130 8975 4,8 1,8
565 530 35 2237 2084 153 3,9 4,4

3112 2426 686 25914 23966 1948 9,9 2,8
2507 1163 1344 3808 2332 1476 2,0 1,1
7349 5577 1772 13094 10016 307 1,8 1,7

4874 4419 455 34856 33635 1221 7,6 2,7
53 41 12 177 152 25 3,7 2,1

3229 2440 789 8019 6945 1074 2,8 1,4
- - - - - - - -
: , ,
2013, . 252-253
126
, ,
,
.
6.1.1.
ђ ,
.
, . , , ,
( ).
( , ., 2005, . 27):
 ,
 ,
 .
, ,
.
9.
. 2010.
90783 53561 37222 317370 261795 55575 4,9 1,5
23377 21742 1635 118841 114698 4143 5,3 2,5
20891 13596 7295 88650 79308 9342 5,8 1,3
24442 19974 4468 116137 107008 9129 5,4 2,0
160093 108873 50560 640998 562809 78180 5,3 1,8
127
10.
. 2011.
91618 55207 36411 302658 251788 50870 4,6 1,4
28547 25206 3341 141891 134461 7430 5,3 2,2
20781 13754 7027 82075 72734 9341 5,3 1,3
24511 19704 4807 109110 99311 9799 5,0 2,0
165457 113871 51586 535734 558394 77410 5,0 1,7
11.
. 2012.
79631 47551 32080 290984 239298 51686 5,0 1,6
27887 24458 3429 151360 142221 9139 5,8 2,7
20539 11692 8847 73036 57966 15070 5,0 1,7
21689 16596 5093 88105 79130 8975 4,8 1,8
149946 100297 49449 503485 518616 85870 5,1 1,9
12.
. 2008. - 2013.
,
2008 33838 86857 23521500
2009 32381 82624 24432928

2010 34349 87492 25193414
2011 34014 86069 25851667
2012 32142 82171 26457079

2013 33250 85629 28028373
: , 16, . 336
128
13.
, . 2012.
49449 85870
1289 1554
4156 9876
1564 3537
1327 1948
1806 4499
3353 4999
ђ 266 432
4571 7411
1759 1221
1184 308
1689 1911
1678 5355
1043 141
1325 18547
917 1398
164 342
5051 3724
20 46
150 445
171 289
6180 10993
688 1427
6098 7477
. 2012.
, .
1,8 .
129
14. . ,
2013. 2014.
2013/ 45912 38136 7776 118996 106183 12813

2013/ 33779 25179 8600 119876 106756 13120
2013/ 37334 25039 12295 148746 126735 22011
2013/ 43061 29941 13120 174959 152332 22627
2013/ 33389 24443 8946 113675 99211 14464
2013/ 30402 24699 5703 91926 81947 9979
2013/ 17204 13463 3741 57561 50353 7208
2013/ 18154 11362 6792 53764 39100 14664
2014/ 15657 11593 4064 53612 44825 8787
2014/ 13500 10336 3164 44403 36871 7532
2014/ 19216 13988 5228 51275 41645 9630
2014/ 28528 22044 6484 70326 58754 11572
2014/ 34879 26967 7912 95158 80537 14621
,
.
6.1.2.
. -
, , ђ
,
.
К , ђ
.
. ,
37% .
130
15.
. 2000. - 2012.
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
47588 29363 27954 22222 26058 26176 22678 26906 26299 22112 21049 21614 18338
420903 301163 169721 152241 168929 147155 201349 233233 236731 215474 212034 198606 194599
9595 7470 12376 10317 10765 12074 11715 10598 15625 14924 14915 15986 16712
78190 64148 100522 79477 78757 80341 76119 64178 79996 72283 66336 67066 76788
7464 6426 7368 6896 6060 6577 5400 7188 8049 6542 6262 5628 4874
43298 36804 35493 34512 36056 33336 32422 46192 49907 41259 48386 41311 34856
.
- , ,
.
16. ,
. , 2013.
58610 29927 28683 92860 46426 46434 1969
18338 16239 2199 194599 190152 4447 2207
12831 10963 1868 60655 55428 5227 1416
11318 10719 599 72564 69516 3048 1094

7349 5577 1772 13094 10016 3078 276
4943 4424 519 33000 31532 1468 208
5598 5269 329 51426 49653 1773 553
131
2013. .
. , , , ,
.
6.2.
- , , ,
, , : , ,
, ,
, , , ,
, ,
, , ,
( , , , ,
, , ), ђ
, ,
, ( ,
2009.)
- , ,
( , 2009.)
, ,
ђ .
ђ ,
, , .
, ђ
,
( , ., 2010, . 13).
ђ ,
ђ , . ,
132
,
.
, ђ
, , . ,
ђ ,
,
, .
ђ ,
, ,
, ,
,
.
,
, ђ .
,
.
ђ
, ,
( ) .
,
, ђ
:
 ,
 ,
 , , ,
 .
,
, -
.
, ,
133
( , ., , .,
1998).
6.2.1.
.
, , .
: ,
, , ( ) .
ђ . -
, , , -
, - -
, , . (
) , , , ,
- , , ђ -
.
. ,
, , , .
6.2.2.
,
( , , .).
. ,
,
.
6.2.2.1.
, .
- , ђ
.
134
, (235 km)
, - 75 ( 10).
604 km), ( 844 km) ( 1130 km),
( 346 km),
. , ђ , - 75
( 10) (413 km) (215 km).
- 80 (155 km) (986
km). , ђ , - 80
(30 km) (135 km).
(31 km) (104 km) - 771.
. ,
ђ . - ( 70)
.
- - ( 75),
( 80) ( 90).
( 85).
, . , џ
ђ .
,
. , ђ
.
, , .
" ", 4 km
.
6.2.3.
( )
, , , . ,
( ,
, , , .).
135
, , ,
, .), ,
, .
, , .
(
). ђ ,
.
, .
( , , , ).
(
, ).
ђ ,
, ( ,
.).
,
.
6.2.3.1.
, ,
. , , ,
, , .
- ( ),
, ( , ,
), , , ,
, .
, ,
. ,
, .
, ,
. ,
136
,
, ,
( , ., 1991; , Ђ., 2005; , .,
2002; , ., , ., 2002).
,
. ,
, .
ђ ,
.
12 (My Place, Panorama Lux, Tami
Residence, Grand Hotel Niš, Hotel Aleksandar, Niški Cvet, Hotel Svetlost, Garni Hotel Rile
Men, Garni hotel Lotos, Hotel Sole, The Regent Club Hotel, Hotel 018 In), 1 (Extra
Lion MD), 9 (Easy hostel, Aurora, arvel, Dukat, Sweet, Garden, Plaza, Chesk in
Hostel, Kosmopolit), 8 (Only One, Four Rooms, Konak Duo D, Le Palace, Main
Street, Good Night, 4 Rooms Apartments, Accommodation Elegance), 12 a (Majesty,
Paja International, Brankov Konak, Etno Konak, Veneda, Todor, Imper I.M.D., Consul
Accommodation, Linda, Laguna Lux Guest House, Konstantin 2008, Sunce), 5
(Rooms 018, Metropol Palace Rooms, Zone, Vila Price), 152
3000 .
3 a (Hameum, Toplica, Aleksandar)
2 a (Srbija, Skadarlija).
3 a (StШУКЧШvТć HКУКt S, HШtОХ ABC,
Gros Hotel), 1 (Buba As, Mala Evropa, Mimi), 3 (VТХК MТtТć, Vila Perla,
ЈКšТЧК čОsЦК).
2 (Hotel Vranje, M Garni Hotel), 1
(Motel Vranje), 1 (B&B Rose).
,
,
. ,
,
ђ .
137
, .
Ta 17.
, 2012.
32142 9560 5961 9011 7610

10714 1716 1948 3107 3943
1270 22 37 576 21
443 - - 229 214
A 1102 110 870 23 4

184 - 78 48 -
93 - 37 - 56
4063 2728 29 461 237
575 108 22 298 115
275 - 275 - -
1900 1732 - 168 -
913 409 504 - -
253 - 193 16 -
304 103 132 69 -
355 65 117 107 66
617 - 29 469 -
869 200 160 406 103
4874 3000 644 797 385
3085 2451 220 406 103
152 - - - -
101 - - 75 26
: , 16, . 337
,
. ђ
138
. ђ , ,
, .
Ta 18.
2012.
82171 25758 17483 20494 18439

10676 2022 3752 4600 1827
2758 52 82 1236 55
888 - - 452 436
A 3480 279 2893 52 16

351 - 125 110 -
222 - 100 - 122
6296 1685 1750 696 669
1407 278 59 722 277
945 - 945 - -
3865 3472 - 396 -
1102 540 562 - -
826 - 699 60 -
3563 1056 2281 226 -
6423 295 3977 982 1169
5891 - 71 1417 -
2628 400 520 856 362
26276 19429 1480 4422 849
3620 2321 413 870 16
612 - - - -
342 - - 179 163
: , 16, . 337
-
, ђ џ
ђ . ,
,
( , . ., 2008, . 29).
17. 18. ђ .
139
,
, .
ђ
.
6.2.3.2.
- ,
, ,
( , 2009.)
- , ђ
-
,
( , 2009).
-
, , :
, ( , 2010).
.
. ,
, .
,
. ђ , ,
.
, .
- ,
.
, , , ,
, , ,
, ,
, .
140
.
( , Ђ., 2006, . 33).
6.2.3.3.
.
: , , , ,
, , ,
, , ,
, ,
, , , ,
, .
, , ђ , ,
, .
, , , ,
, , ђ .
, ,
, .
: , , ,
.
, 800 .
15- . , .
,
.
,
ђ 700 1.300 . 25
. .
, , ...
, " ",
ђ .
20- ,
. ,
. 280 .
141
, ђ
. ђ , , ,
. ђ .
.
, 515
, .
. 15
"
". 1998. ,
. ,
ђ .
,
,
. 14 km, 17 km ,
. ,
2000. .
, ,
,
. , ,
, (2009.
) .
- :
, - " "
, . - " "
5 ђ
, .
( - , ,
, ). " "
- 300 m,
. -
,
.
142
.
, , ,
.
, ђ ,
.
6.2.3.4.
, , .
.
, .
.
,
, ,
( , , , ...).
:
 , ,
.
,
( ).
,
.
 .
. , ,
.
.
CКХвpsШ , .
143
,
.

, .
5%
5,2% .
, ђ ,
, , bottom-up
ђ , ,
. ђ ,
,
.
.
. .
. ,
, .
, ,
.
:
,
, ,
.
2015. ђ
ђ .
: 1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4.
.
, -
,
,
,
144
, , .
ђ ,
- ,
, ,
.
6.2.3.5.
:

 -


,
,
, ,
.
- ђ
.
-
, ђ
. ,
ђ . -
, .
-
, ,
.
-
,
.
145
.
-
,
.
- .
, ( ) .
-
,
.
:
 ( ), - .
-
.
-
.
џ ( )-
, ђ
ђ ,
.
.
ђ
.
( ),
( ).
146
,
.
,
.
,
/ -
- . ђ
ђ
. - , ђ
,
,
, ђ
.
.
.
- ђ
,
.
(retail saler).
, , .
: TOURISTIK UNION INTERNATIONAL - TUI i
INTERNATIONAL TOURISTIK SERVIS - ITS , THOMSON
, KUONI , HOTELPLAN , JET TOURS
, TJEREBORG .
400
AMERICAN EXPRESS.
147
, ђ
/ .
, ђ
.
,
, , ,
, ђ ,
.
,
, ђ .
,
incentive (ЋpОМТКХ IЧtОrОst TШurs).
ђ
( , ,
). (ТЧМОЧtТvО)
,
.
Special Interest TШurs
( ,
, , ).
.
:
 : , , , , 4Б4,
, , .
 : , , ,
, , , ,
, ООp sКПКrТ, МrШss МШuЧtrв .
148
 : , ђ
( ђ , UNEЋCO ), ,
.
, , , ,
(CШШФ, R. A., Yale L.J., and Marqua, J. J., 2002, . 55).
.
( , ),
( , , ђ , ђ
, ).
, ,
(special interest package tours special interest package holidays).
6.3.
,
,
ђ ( O - ,
M., 1991, . 43-69).
-
.
, (Wertheimer-
, A., 2004, . 631-651).
. ,
.
,
, . ,
,
149
.
,
:
) ,
) ђ
(O - , M., 1991, . 43-69).
, ,
.
,
ђ . .
( )
.
. ,
,
,
.
.
, .
,
(- ) "...
"( , ., , ., 2002, . 66).
.
. ,
, , -
, - . ,
( ,
., 1994, . 87-101). ,
,
,
.
150
. , ,
, ,
, .
 2011.
. 2002.

. ђ 2002-2011. . .
.
2002. . , 2011. .
.

.
 ђ 2002-2011 ., 1/5
15% .
 , .
, ,
.
 . , .
ђ ђ
. - .
,
.
. ,
. ђ
, ( )
.
, .
151
19.
. 1971. 2011.
1971 1981 1991 2002 2011
363292 394110 396043 381757 376319

195362 232563 248086 250518 260237
129542 121933 111813 102075 91754

57315 56256 52969 48501 44419
260982 262531 255011 240923 216304
147487 159001 161986 156252 144206
230373 238753 243529 227690 159081

72208 82527 86518 87288 83524
: ,
, 2014.
- .
ђ .
, . ,
,
.
ђ
, ( 20).
.
20. 2002-2011 ( %)
1. 35,1
2. ђ 30,9
3. џ 19,8
4. 19,5
5. 18,4
6. 18,1
7. 18,0
152
6.3.1.
, .
ђ , .
, (
) ,
,
( . ).
( , , . ,
, , ,
).
( )
, , .
.
-
.
.
:
 ( , , ,
, , .);
 (
.) (
, , ђ , ,
.);
 (
);
 (
, ,
.).
,
.
153
(1,564
88,8% ) ,
(3,7%), (2,1%), (1,0%), (0,2%) .
21. , ,
2011.
, ²
26246 522527 1563916 772913 791003
: ,
, 2012, . 35
6.3.2.
,
.
ђ .
, , ,
.
.
.
.
, .
154
22. ,
, , , ,
, 2013.
464846 100% %
15-19 2690 0,6 3,45
20-24 19720 4,2 1-4 9,87
25-29 37439 8,1 5-7 2,64
30-34 46710 10,0 ( ) 22,32

35-39 67441 14,5 1-3 19,06
40-44 58576 12,6 4-5 28,83
45-49 66900 14,4 5,02

50-54 66949 14,4 , 7,56
55-59 62388 13.4 0,28

60-64 36032 7,8 0,24
: ,
2013. , . 16,17,18. 578
, ,
.
.
,
,
.
( , , , , , , ,
, .) .
ђ ,
ђ .
ђ
ђ .
ђ ,
ђ .
155
ђ .
,
,
. ђ
, .
,
- .
.
,
80,5%, 19,5% ( -
2010. ). ( - , 2013.
)
25,1% . ,
. 2010. 51,4%.
2020. 52%.
.
,
, ,
.
,
,
, .
,
.
,
.
( 60,04 %).
156
,
џ ,
џ . ,
4,33 %
. ђ ,
6,52 % ( , ., џ , ., 2009, .
256).
23. , ,
15 , , 2013.
48,2 31,4 35,0 51,7

49,8 38,4 22,9 50,2
53,7 43,0 20,0 46,3
47,2 37,5 23,8 50,8
: ,
2013. , . 39, 578
24. .
, 2010.
77804 63176 27742 1328

13103 9961 4544 5
34557 23538 10823 332
36538 29924 12313 482
: , . 18, .9
.
.
џ ђ
џ ђ .
157
.
, ,
,
,
, ,
,
.
,
ђ
ђ џ , ,
џ .
158
159
7. -
.
,
, ,
.
. ,
.
,
.
.
. , ,
ђ ( ,
- , .). ђ ,
,
ђ ( , .
).
, .
, ђ , ђ ђ
( ),
'' ( , Ђ., , ., 1997, . 37-38).
7.1.
(DавОr, L., Kim, C., 2003, . 369-414). ђ ,

,
160
, ,
(CrКМШХТМТ, M. F., Nijkamp, P., 2009, . 336-344). ,
(TООМО, D. J., et al. 1997, . 509-533).

,
. , , ,
. :
, .
.
.
(Dwyer, L., Kim,
C., 2003, . 369-414):
 ђ ;
 ;
 ;
 ;


ђ
.
.
,
.
. , ,
. ,
ђ .
џ , ђ
161
,
.
,
(
) ( ),
.
,
.
џ
џ ,
.
( - ),
, ,
, .
, ,
,
ђ .
, , .
, ,
( . ) .
7.2.
.
, .
, ђ
.
162
.
ђ .
ђ ,
,
,
ђ .
ђ , -
,
. ,
, ђ
.
,
.
.
-
. .
ђ
,
.
, џ
-
, ,
( , ., 2008; BesermenjiS., Оt КХ, 2009; , ., , ., 2008;
, ., , ., 2008; - , ., . 2008; Ivkov, A., et al,
2007; Dragin, A. S., et al, 2007; Besermenji, S., et al, 2010).
" " " "
ђ (De
Jager, A., 2010). ,
(АШШНsТНО, A.G., Lysonski, S., 1989; Baloglu,
S., Mc-Cleary, K. W., 1999; Castro, C. B., et al, 2007; Chon, K. S.,1990; Echtner, C. M.,
Ritchie, J.R.B., 1991; Milman, A., Pizam, A., 1995). ,
(ЋæþórsНóttТr, D.
Anna., 2010). .
163
, (CСШЧ,
K. S., 1991; Echtner, C. M., Ritchie, J.R.B.,1991; Fakeye, P. C., Crompton, J. L., 1991; Ross,
G. F., 1993) .
,
,
. .
25. 26. ,
2013.
25. 2013.
- - -
- - -
- - -
- - -
- -
: 2013., WEF
.
, ( )
. .
,
. ,
- ђ , ( , ,
.), ,
, , ,
,
(
).
164
26.
2013.
2013 2011
1 1
2 2
3 4
4 8
5 7
6 6
7 3
8 9
9 5
10 10
31 31
32 29
35 34
36 33
ђ 39 38
40 36
42 49
50 48
68 63
75 76
89 82
90 97
: 2013., WEF
.
,
, ,
.
,
. ,
,
.
165
.
,
. ,
, .
.
.
( , ),
.
.
, ,
, ,
green-field .
ђ
, ,
, ђ
. , ,
. ( -
, 2006, . 7).
.
(
, Ђ , , ,
), .
.
,
. , ,
.
: , , ( )
, - ,
, ,
- , .
( ) ,
, ,
166
. . ,
, , ,
.
7.3.
,
.
. .
, ,
ђ ( , -
, .). ђ ,
, ђ
( , . ).
,
. ђ
ђ ( ),
'' ( , Ђ., , ., 1997, . 37-38).
7. 3. 1.
. , ,
ђ .
.
,
. , , , .
, . ђ
( ,
, , .) .
167
, ( )
( , ., 1985, . 195).
) ( )
ђ - (
), - (
), (
), ;
) ( ) ,
. ,
- ,
.
,
, .
, ( ,
Ђ., , ., 1997, . 38):
) ( )
.
, ђ ;
) ( ) .
ђ
ђ -
( . , , , , .).
) .
.
ђ ђ
.
.
ђ (
,
).
. ( )
168
.
, .
( , . ., 2006, . 80):
VZ = ΣFI x ΣFE,
ΣFI = ΣA + ΣB + ΣC + ΣD,
ΣFE = ΣE + ΣF + ΣG + ΣH,
:
VZ = ( ),
F1 = ,
(A, B, C, D),
FE = ( ).
, ђ
.
. ђ
, .
,
, .
,
ђ . ђ ,
.
( , ,
, , ,
, .),
( ).
-
, . ,
,
,
.
169
,
.
,
. ,
, ,
.
7.3.2. (WTO)
, .
(WTO)
,
,
ђ
.
(WTO)
.
( )
, .
,
( . 30 31).
. ђ
.
. ,
(WTO).
,
1-10 , ,
, . .
170
7.4.
. ,
. ,
,
ђ
. , ,
,
.
, ,
9 . ( , , ,
, , , ,
) ( ), ( ),
( ) ( ).
- 2013. . 1000
805. 5
( , , ).
. , ,
, , , , .
48 , 63% 37% ,
( ), 72% 28%
, ( ).
,
. . ,
. .
. .
:
171
 .
?
 . ,
?
27. .
27.
: Jobber, D., Fahy, J., (2006)

WTO ,
,
. .
.
, ђ
. 0 -10 .
, Ђ., (2008), "
,
,
( )".
172
(Moscardo, G., 2008, Eyler, A., . 1999).

(ЊОТХХ y, R.W.,1996, . 21-39).
,
.
( , Ђ., , ., 1997, . 5-41)
( , ,
) / ( ,
, ).
:
 ,
. ,
ђ , .
ђ ђ : (
, .), (
.), (
, ,
.). : , ;
 -
: ( ,
, ), ђ ( , , ),
( , , );

: ( ),
( , , , ,
, ), ( ,
, );
 -
.
. ,
, WTO ђ
1 1 - :
173
( , , , )
( - ,
, ); - ,
; ( , , );
, , , ( ,
, ).
Ta 28.
+ + + + + + + + + +
26 64 144 184 355 504 287 592 999 2220 =
▼
76 59 49 50 55 59 61 45 46 96 64 72 71
805
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
X X X X X X X X X X
A. 26 32 48 46 71 84 71 94 111 222 5375 6,677
12 26 35 67 79 60 77 105 150 194 5863 7,283

7
/ / 75 64 101 125 129 81 119 111 5968 7,414
/ / 53 10 44 26 52 105 214 301 7091 8,809

B.
10 35 65 29 77 40 133 110 112 194 5775 7,174

ђ 8
/ 25 47 86 98 77 140 115 110 107 5447 6,766
C. 18 11 40 38 42 151 137 133 120 115 5681 7,057
43 52 61 91 79 120 105 72 77 105 4959 6,161

7
12 43 52 64 71 62 138 146 112 105 5429 6,744
D. / / / / / 3 14 45 22 721 7686 9,548
/ / / 13 4 65 58 124 222 319 6948 8,632
9
/ / 14 / 37 56 98 102 133 365 6912 8,587
A+B+C+D=X 7+8+7+9=31 7.75
174
( 28) 13 ,
ђ : ( ), ( ), ( ),
( ), ( ), ( ), ( ),
( ), ( ), ( ), ( ), ( )
( ).
.
ђ ( .
1x26 =26, 2x32=64, 3x48 =144, 4x46 =184, 5x71=355, 6x84=504, 7x41=287,
8x94=592, 9x111=999, 10x222=2220)
5375 . 5375 805
6,667. ( .
6,667 ( ) + 9,302 ( ) + 6,756 ( )
22,735 3
7,578 , 8
.
,
( ) .
,
, ,
,
. .
:
 ђ
( 10 - , , )
ђ ( , , );
 -
.
( 100km / , , ,
, , 300km / ,
175
, , , , , ,
500km / ,
, , ),
,
;
Ta 29.
+ + + + + + + + + +
12 40 114 224 305 564 567 672 1179 2020 =
▼
76 59 49 50 55 59 61 45 46 96 64 72 71
805
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
X X X X X X X X X X
. 1 20 38 56 61 94 81 84 131 202 5349 6,645
2
2 36 45 57 84 105 117 215 177 167 7488 9,302
8
/ / 85 54 121 105 109 111 119 101 5438 6,756
F. 100 / / / 11 45 76 152 205 115 201 5474 6,800
300 / / / / 77 94 133 210 212 79 6258 7,774

7
500 / 2 / 46 88 152 140 115 210 52 5810 7,217
G. / 1 / 81 23 31 17 133 220 298 6769 8,410

/ 2 1 109 122 120 155 126 117 53 5449 6,769
/ / / 41 11 45 138 116 212 242 6711 8,337 8
H. џ / / / / / / / / 104 701 7946 9,871
/ / / / / / / / 2 803 8048 9,998

10
/ / / / / / / 2 3 800 8043 9,992
E+F+G+H=Y 8+7+8+10=33 8,25
:
 ђ ђ
( ) ( -
, - , -
, - , - :
, , , , -
) ( ,
);
176
 - џ( )
,
.
, , ,Ђ ,
.
. ( 30.)
( 7 ),
(9 ). ,
( 10 ).
.
1023 1600, 8,00
(7,75+8,25=16:2)
. .
30. .
X 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
( ђ
A . )
:
. *
ђ ,
B *
C *
D ( ,
, , ,
, - ). *
: A+B+C+D = X 31
Y
E *
F *
G *
H *
: E+F+G+H = Y 33
:XxY 1023
:
177
.
.
, .
( , )
.
ђ
.
:
 ( ) ( )
, .
ђ ,
: ( ),
. , , ,
, , .
 -
. . ,
,
,
.
 - ,
.
,
,
. ђ ,
.

,
178
. :
. ђ
.
ђ , ђ ,
. ђ
,
.
 -
.
.
,
. ,
,
.
ђ
, . ,
,
(MШаПШrtС, M., & Munt, I., 2003).
. ,
.
Cooper, C., Fletcher, J., Gilbert, D.,&Wanhill, S.,
"
џ ".
, - ,
ђ . ,
179
, ,
(Smolčić, J.,D., 2005, . 120).
- , ?
. , . ,
. "movare"
, ,
.
, : ,
, , , ,
, , , ,
.
,
( , ., 2010).
. :
• ђ
.
,
ђ ,
.
, .
3 , 3
. : , .
.
.
ђ ( , , , - ,
, , ...).
.
. ђ
180
, SPA/Wellness
.
, , , , , ,
. .
,
, , .
:
 ( - ),
 ( - ),
 ( - ),
 ( , ђ ),
 ( , )...
, :
• .
( ђ , .) ,
. , .
, . ђ ,
- , ,
. , .
, , ,
, .
( , , ,
), .,
• .
ђ , ,
ђ .
:
 ђ -Ђ , ...
 - , ,
...
 - . .
181
.
.
ђ
. .
,
. ,
, .
7.5. SWOT
SWOT
. ,
( ),
,
.
SWOT ( 31) ђ ,
. ђ
, , .
. . ђ
.
182
31. SWOT .
1. - ; 1. - ђ џ;
- . - ;
; - ;
- - ;
; -
- , ...
( 10).
2. - ; 2. -
- ... ;
3. - -
; ( );
- ; -
- ; ...
- ( , 3. - , ,
, , )... ;
4. - ; -
- -
ђ ; ;
- ; -
- ; ...
- ...
5. . - – ; 4. -
- ; ;
- ( -
); - ...
- ; 5. -
- ; ;
- ; - ,
- ; ;
- ( , , -
)- ;
- ; ;
- ; -
-Ђ ...
6. ђ - ; ...
- ;
- ;
- 12 ; 6. - " "
- ; ;
- ; -
-
; ;
- ; - ( );
- . .. - ;
7. - , , , -
, , , ;
, , ... -
;
8. ђ - ( ); - ;
- ( ); - ...
- ( );
- ( );
- ( );
- ( )...
; ;
; ,
;
; ( );
; ;
( ). .
183
184
8.
. ђ ,
,
( ),
.
ђ ,
:
, : , ,
.
:
 - , , ( , ,
, ), ;
 - , , ШuЧtКТЧ ЛТФТЧР,
;
 -АОХЧОs & ЋpК, ;
 - / ђ , ;
 - , ,
;
 - / , ,
, , ,
, , , , ,
ђ , ;
 - ( , ),
( ), ( );
O ђ :
( , ),
( , , )
ђ
. ,
( )
, ,
185
,
, ђ ,
,
,
. (pusС)
(pull) ,
, ђ
.
,
, ђ
,
.
:
 ,
 ,
 ,
 ,
 ,
 .
,
. ,
(
...2010/2011, . 47).
8.1.
, , , . .
186
. ,
,
. .
( ) . .
.
:
1.
2.
3.
,
.
.
( ),
( . , ,
.).
.
- ,
(pull) ,
,
, , ђ ,
8.2.
,
,
.
,
.
: (Wellness/SPA), ,
, ђ - , , ,
187
, , , ,
, : ,
, - , ,
, , ...
8.2.1. (Wellness/SPA)
, ,
. wellness ,
"SPA/Wellness" ,
ђ , ђ
wellness ( ,
2004):

;
 Wellness ,
.
wellness (Smith, M., Kelly, C., 2006, . 1-4)
(
,
wellness ,
,
ђ , , ,
, .).
wellness , .
,
.
,
, , (Kaspar C., 1989,
188
. 15-19). ђ
, ђ
(Goeldner, C., 1989, . 5-7):
 ;
 ,
( , );
 ( );
 , ( );
 .
SPA ,
Salus Per Aquam ( ).
, SPA
( ).
Wellness/SPA
(Mueller, H., Kaufmann, E., 2001, . 5-17).
, Mueller Lanz Kaufmann :
Wellness/SPA
.
, ,
, , ,
.
, ,
,
( , , ),
(аОХХЧОss, , , , .)
, ,
, .
: ,
wellness ( , ., 2005).
, , wellness
, . .
189
. ,
,
, , ђ
.
lfier, D., (1994)
"... ,
-
".
„ ”, ,
,
.
(
),
,
, , , ђ
.
( , - ,
, , ),
,
, ,
, ђ .
32. Wellness/SPA
: , ., 2012, . 23
190
/
.
Wellness/SPA ,
.
Wellness/SPA .
Wellness/SPA ,
,
, Wellness/SPA
( , )
ђ
. ,
Wellness/SPA
. ђ
. , -
Wellness/SPA " ђ ",
.
Wellness ,
wellness
, .
, , ђ ,
. wellness
, ђ wellness- ,
. , ,
wellness „ ” , .
ђ , wellness
. wellness-
„ ”,
.
wellness
. . ђ ,
, wellness ,
wellness , wellness
191
, .
,
ђ , ,
wellness ,
,
.
.
Wellness/SPA . ђ Wellness/SPA
.
, Wellness/SPA .
Wellness/SPA .
.
.
.
. . ђ ,
,
( ) џ .
: , ђ .
,
.
, Wellness/SPA "Sense" -
Wellness/SPA - ,
, Wellness/SPA
.
wellness
, , , ,
„Medical Spa“
„Mineral Springs Spa“. ,
.
Medical Spa - , ђ ,
,
wellness ,
.
, ђ .
192
Mineral Springs Spa - Wellness/SPA

, , ,
. ,
,
ђ .
, ,
, ,
, , , ,
. , ,
.
,
, , , ђ
.
,
.
.
, ,
.
( , , 2011).
ђ
. ,
/ . , ,
, .
.
( , , , )
,
, .
, ђ ,
.
, .
.
. , ,
193
-
, ,
.
,
,
. џ
,
ђ .
ђ ђ .
,
, ,
,
- ,
.
8.2.1.1.
, ,
, . .
.
, , ,
.
. :
,
- , 2,5 km . 360 km,
14 km. ,
400 m.
- ,
- .
- - , , -
194
. 43њC.
ђ .
, .
-
.
8.
: www.srbija.travel/destinacije/banje-i-klimatska-mesta
:
 ( , ,
, , ),
 ,
 ,
 ( , ),

 ( ,
).
,
. ,
.
10 km , 6 km - -
. 380 m.
, . ђ
“ ”, . 35
, , - 92°C.
195
ђ , . 5,5
84°C.
. ђ 7 63°C.
72°C. 4
, . ,
82°C, , 60 .
.
:
 ,
 ( ),
 ( , )

ђ .
" ".
,
, , .
,
, , .
,
.
, ,
. .
9.
196
.
432-448 m. 11 km, 301 km,
81 km. - - .
: , -
, ђ , 14-67°C.
- , , 67њC.
, - ).
, ,
, ( ),
.
" "
. , ,
.
:
 ( ,
, , -
, -
),
 ( ,
, ,
, ),
 ( , )
 ( ).
" ". . , ,
800 m. , ђ
.
" " ,
, 620 m . 1,6 km
. ђ " ",
.
" "( " ")
, 1,6 km .
197
, - , , ђ
. .
10.
- .
, , 248 m.
10 km 250 km .
, -
, . ,
(" ", " ", " ", " " " "),
(36-38°C), ,
56 .
:
 ( , ,
, , ),
 ( , ,
, ),
 ,
,
 ђ ,
 ,
 ,

 .
198
, ,
, ,
- , - , , ,
.
ђ
5 . , ђ
-
, , ,
-
. ,
, , , ,
, .
.
, .
11.
, 550-668 m.
23 km, 290 km, 82 km.
26,4º
, 9,0 , .
199
160-350 m.
, .
.
ђ .
, ђ
950 m.
4,5 l/s 30 33,8º .
„ “ , ,
, -5 6,5 l/s ,
30,5º . -5
, (
, , -
, , .).
.
,
. , (
8,4), (337-441 mg/l), ,
. : ,
; - , ( 0,2
mg/l), ;
,
.
, .
:
 ( ,
, , ,
- ),
 ( ,
, , , ,
, ),
 ( , , ),
 .
200
ђ ,
. 28,4 km,
. Ђ ,
11 km.
1890. .
, ,
, " ", .
12.
, 520 m. 50 km 330 km
. 32°C o 72°C,
18 800 m, -
. - .
, 8 m
10 .
(
). -
- 800 m.
18 , 26
.
. ,
.
. ,
. -
.
201
-
. - ,
- . - ,
42°C, , ,
, , , -
, ђ ,
- . ,
. 32°
36°C, , .
:
 - ( , ,
, ),
 ,
 ( ,
),
 ( ,
, ),
 , ,
,
 ( ),
 ( , , , ),
 ,

 .
" ".
, ,
, , .
.
, .
202
13.
, 681 m.
, ,
400 m, , ,
. : ( ) 20
, ( ), 13
.
1,5º , 100 l/s .
(22-65º ), ,
. - -
.
.
- - ,
.
, , ,
, , .
( ),
.
, ђ ,
, ,
, .
„ “, , , 1,5
l/s , 32º 43º .
.
203
, oje . . „ “
. ,
.
.
,
. .
:
 ,
 ,
 ,
 ( ,
, ),
 ,
 . ( ).
,
. 17. .
14.
. T ,
.
550 m.
204
,
-
. : - ( “
” ) (“ ”
). - ,
. . .
.
.
, .
, .
.“ ” ,
“ ”. 150 200
, .
,
- , .
.
, , , .
15.
25 km 630
m n.v. ,
. , (34°C) 18 ,
10 m/s. ,
. ( ,
, )
205
( , ,
).
, 200 ,
500 , .
. "
" - , 1981. 1993.
.
16.
8.2.2.
( , ., 1996, . 60-68; , ., 1994; , .,

1999, 2003, 2007). .,
,
.
, , ,
.
.
, .
( , ., 1999). ђ
206
, ,
, ,
.
,
( , ., 1994).
,
, . ,
,
.
,
, ,
,
.
, ,
. , ,
, ,
, .
,
.
( , ., 2003).
ђ ,
, ,
. ,
- , - ,
. ,
, ,
, , . ,
.
,
, ,
( , ., 1986).
207
,
, .
, , ,
.
,
.
, ,
, .
, .
( , ., 2003).
,
.
, ,
,
( , ),
( , - ), (
, -
). ,
,
,
( , ., 1999, 2003, , ., 2002).
. ,
, .
, .
, .
( , ., 2012, . 149).
,
. . ,
( , , ),
, ђ ђ
, ,
208
, ,
.
(
- , , , NIS,
LUKOIL, MV, OL, KO) . ,
.
8.2.3. ђ
ђ
, . ђ
, ђ
,
.
ђ : , , - ,
, , , , - ,
/ . ђ
. ђ
, , , ,
, , .
џ ђ
( , ., , ., 2007) :
 , ;
 ђ ;
 ђ , ђ ;

ђ ;
 ( ) ђ
;
 ђ
ђ ;
 ђ .
209
ђ
. ,
ђ
.
.
. , ,
,
. ,
,
.
ђ ђ
ђ ,
.
, ђ , , /
.
ђ
. , ђ ,
ђ ђ ,
. , ђ ђ
, , , ,
, (Capon, N., Hulbert, M., 2001).
, ђ ђ
џ ђ .
ђ
. ђ
. ђ
, , , ,
, , .
ђ , ,
. ђ
,
.
210
ђ ,
.
ђ . ,
. .
ђ / J.
. ђ /
ђ
.
ђ ,
.
, ,
.
8.2.3.1.
,
( ,
,
ђ
).
.
"
. ђ
,
" (Backman K. S, ., 1995, . 15-244).
( ,
, ).
,
211
.
,
, ( ),
.
,
.
,
( , ., 2006, . 14).
,
( , , ,
, (
) , .
, ., (1992, . 10),
, ђ "
( , , , , ),
.
( , ),
".
ђ ," ђ
". ., (2001, . 250-258)
, : "
ђ , ,
,
,
."
urns J. P.A., . (1986, . 187) "
.
,
, , ;
".
212
, ,
. ,
, " џ
, ,
" (Baum, T., Hagen, L., 1999, . 299-312).
ђ .
.
.
,
ђ .
ђ .
ђ , , .
:
 -џ ;
 - ;
 - ;
 ;
 - :
 ђ ;
 ђ ;
 ђ ;
 ђ ;
 ;
 ( );
 ( );
 ( )...
:
 ( );
 ( );
 ( );
 -
( );
213
 - ђ
, ( );
 -
: ,
, , ( );
 -
, ;
 -
,
, , , ,
- ...
:
 - ( );
 ђ ( );
 - ( );
 - ( );
 ( );
 ђ - Ђ - ...
:
 - ( );
 - ;
 - ...
ђ
. : , ,
џ , , ђ
, , .
ђ , ( , Beer
ПОst" .) , ,
( ђ "CШЧstКЧtТЧus" , "BКХФКЧ ЋtrООts" ,
"LОНКЦus" .).
ђ . :
"Dolce Vita", "RAKIJA BREnd", "JШЛ
ПКТr", , " ", ђ
214
"TOUЊ DE ЋEЊBIE", ђ , ђ
, , ђ NISSVILLE ( ),
( ), , ,
( ), ђ " ",
( ), ђ " ",
, " ",
( ), ( ), "RELOAD", ,
( ), ( ), ,
, ђ " " ( ),
, ( ),
( ), ( ђ ), ,
( ), , , ( ),
"ROCK GARDEN" ( ), ,
( ).
ђ .
( )
.
. ,
, ,
.
8.2.4. (City Break)
City Break
.
, , , ,
, 24 ,
. , , , ,
. ,
.
,
, ,
.
215
( , 2007):
 , , ђ ,
 ,
 ђ ,
 ,
 ,
 - ,
 .
, .
,
. ,
, .
, .
,
.
, .
,
, ,
ђ , , , ,
- , - ( , .,
2003, . 82-85).
, , .
. ,
, .
.
.
,
.
.
, ,
.
216
,
. ( ,
),
. . , ,
,
.
, ,
, .
.
, , .
.
, , , , ,
, , ,
.
8.2.4.1.
.
,
.
, . ,
. ,
,
.
.
. ,
.
. (
, 12 , , ,
, , .).
.
217
. ђ
, .
.
.
10 ( ђ , , , ,
, , .). ,
: , , , , .,
( ).
8.2.4.2.
( )
24 . .
.
. .
. :
( , ,
, , , , ,
, ...), ( , ,
...), - ( , ,
...), (
), (Ђ , ...)
.
. :
,
750-800 m n.v. 14 km .
218
- .
.
25 km .
700-1300 m n.v. ,
" ".
(55 ), 860 , - (20
), 810 , " "
.
(1523 m n.v.) (984 m
n.v.).
,
1,5 km, 40 .
528 m.
,
. 10 km . ,
86 h ,
, . ђ .
- .
.
3 .
. :
 ђ ,
 ,
 ђ
.
.
.
:
 ђ - ,
 ђ ,
 ,
 ,
 ,
 ...
219
.
ђ , ,
, ,
ђ .
8.2.5.
.
.
.
, ,
, , ђ
.
.
.
, ,
( , ...) ,
, ,
( , ,
...), - ,
( , , ,
), , .
.
,
, ,
.
.
: , , ,
: ђ , ђ .
220
.
.
, ( , , ).
.
( ,
...), .
,
. ,
: ,
, , , ,
.
8.2.6.
, ,
ђ . /
ђ / .
ђ .
ђ
, .
.
.
.
.
4-5
( . - ,
, .) .
, . ( , ,
221
, ),
, .
:
- -
, ,
, XX .
- ђ
, , ,
).
- -
( ), ( ,
, ) - .
. :
-
,
( ,
, ђ ,
,Ђ
).
: , ,
, , , , .
ђ .
,
ђ .
.
,
,
ђ ( . UNEЋCO), џ
,
. ђ
,
.
222
8.2.7.
" :
, ђ , ,
ђ ,
".
,
- , ,
-
ђ . ,
. , ,
,
. , ,
, , , ђ ,
.
,
, : ,
. ,
.
.
,
.
,
ђ ( , , ,
). ђ ,
.
. :
ђ . ; "
", "Ђ ", " ";
;
; , .
223
8.2.8.
, ,
.
.
ђ ( , , ,
, , , ...).
(MООtТЧРs, IЧМОЧtТvОs, CШЧПОrОЧМОs КЧН
EбСТЛТtТШЧs) ,
/ , , .
, 7 .
, ,
, / , .
ђ , , ,
, , ,
. ,
-
.
,
, , ,
ђ .
.
.
,
.
.
.
ђ , .
, , џ
.
224
33. -
: , 2011.
.
, , ,
.
. .
(Philip Morris- ), (Beneton- ),
(Merkator - ) (Jur - ),
,
.
. ( , , , .
)
. ,
,
, ,
.
, , , ,
, , , .
225
. , ,
, ,
.
,
, , џ , ( ).
„ “ , .
.
, My Place .
. ђ ,
, ,
.
ђ , .
.
. :
 ,
ђ ;

, ;
 .;
 ђ
;
 ,
;
 џ
ђ :

( , 2006, . 59-60).
.
. .
џ
.
226
8.3.
.
, .
, .
, ,
,
.
8.3.1.
, .
ђ (IUCN) : „
,
.
-
.“ ,
(www.ecoturismserbia.com ). ,
, .
.
." " .
,
.
-
, " " (
).
. (ecolodge) -
227
.
:
 ;
 ;
 ;
 , , ;
 ђ ;

.
, ,
, .
,
. .
,
, -
. ,
, .
ђ .
. .
.
, , .
. ,
, ђ
,
, .
228
-
,
, ђ ,
( , , ...),
.
,
.
, , Ђ , ,
...
, ,
.
, ђ
,
.
. ,
,
. ђ
џ .
8.3.2.
- .
ђ ,
. .
.
. .
.
:
 - ( );
, . ,
: , , , ,
. 300 m n.v.
229
. .
1441 m n.v., , .
,
. 300 ,
. 300
, . ђ Ђ ,
, .
2 ФЦ ,
.
2 ФЦ , .
Ђ ,
5 . (1041 m n.v.),
(645 m n.v.) (www.naturetraveloffice.com.)
15 , 5 2,5
. (9 ),
( 11 ) .
20 , 10 , 4,5 .
23Cњ, (2,5 Ц),
, .
, ђ , .
. 600
: , ,
; 20 ,
Ђ , 1,5 ;
100 ,
.
,
. ,
БI .
 - ;
( , ,
) -
(1.311 m n.v.). .
, .
230
 ; - ,
, .
, , , , ,
.
, 464 ,
. ,
.
 ;
I . , ,
, ,
.
. ђ
, , .
8.3.3. -
, .
( , ., 2009).
: ,
,( , ., 2011).
,
, ,
,( , ., 2011).
,
,
. .
231
,
"
ђ ." ( , M., 1985).
"
." ( , M., 2003).
:
 ,
 -
 - .
"
ђ ( ),
ђ " ( , M., 2003).
( ђ ),
( ) , , ( ). -
, "
.
.
, ,
." ( , M., , M., 1987).
-
, , . -
, -
, , ,
, , , , ,
, , , .( , M., 2003).
.
- . -
:
 ,
 ,
 ,
232
 , ,
 - ( , M., 2003).
-
. ,
, ,
( ).
,
,
. -
ђ ,
, ђ .
8.3.3.1.
- .
.
, ,
.
( ).
,
, , .
.
,
, ,
( ). ,
, ,
.
233
, ђ
- .
" ".
20 km
1.000 m.
800, 2008. , 1.000
.
:
. " " ,
( ), 90 , ,
200 ђ . ,
.
,
/ ђ ,
.
8.3.3.2.
,
( , , ђ
,
, ђ , , ).
( - )
( , ) .
, , ,
, . , ђ ,
-
,
.
234
,
, , ,
, .
.
,
.
.
ђ , , -
,
ђ .
. .
: ( ), , - ( ),
( ), , ( )
( ).
- .
: , , , , .
.
ђ .
, .
" - ", " ", ," "
ђ .
. :
" ", " ", " ",
" " , " џ ",
" "...
:
" ", , " "
59.424 h , 45.000 h .
" " , ,
. " " 2 , 2 1,90 h
.
235
" џ ", џ ,
" " 32.478 h .
" " , , , .
" ",
" " 61.470 h , 50.000 h .
60 m².
" ", ,
" " 45.903 h , 39.176
h . " " .
430 m . 2
" " , " "

82.491 h , 77.430 h .
, , , .
3 200 m2.
,
,
. ,
,
.
,
, , ( ), ( ,
), ... : ,
, , , , , , , ђ, , , ,
, ...
157
: , , , , , ...
, , , ,
. ,
- , , .
, ђ
" ", .
, , , , , ђ ,
...
236
.
.
, ,
ђ , .
, , .
. :" II"
" " , " " , " " , " " ,
" ", , " ", ђ , " " , " ",
ђ ...
II
: ,
, ,
, , , ,
" " , , ,
. "
II " , .
.
. , ђ
.
.
, .
. ,
.
ђ , ,
. ,
. ,
.
,
.
237
8.3.4.
,
ђ ,
.
, ђ ,
, .
, : ( )
( ) ( , 2005, . 80).
(soft) : , , ,
, 4 x 4, , , , .
(hard) : ,
(Canyoning), (Caving), , Cross-country
, , , , (rock
climbing), Jeep .
, ђ
, .
.
, " "
.
.
"OПП rШКН" 4б4,
"CКtОЧК ЦuЧНТ-Via militaris - 4б4".
, ,
.
ђ , " ".
, 15 .
-
, .
, .
1996. . , , ,
.
238
,
.
Euro Velo
Bike Route 11, (
/North Cape/ / /).
(Offroad).
џ џ
, .
, ,
, ,
. ,
,
.
, .
8.3.4.1.
-
.
, .
, ђ
( . .).
.
. .
, ђ ,
. . -
:
:
 ;
 ;
239
 .
:
 ;
 ;
 .
:
 ;
 .
:
 ;
 ;
 ;
 .
:
 ;
 .
, џ ,
.
, .
ђ
. ,
. ,
, ,
.O
. : , ,
, - .
.
. ,
: , ђ , ђ ,
, , ,
., ( . ђ
).
240
.
,
,
, , ,
, .
. ,
.
,
, ,
, ,
, ђ , ,
- .
( ),
ђ , .
241
242
9.
, ђ
, ђ
ђ
( , 2008, .
194).
. " "
џ .
џ " "
ђ ( , ., 2009, . 163).
34.
: , ., 2004, . 66-84
243
,
ђ
( , ., 2009, . 236).
џ .
:
 ,
, (Stoner, J., Freeman, E., Gilbert, D., 1995, .

224).
 ђ
, ,
(Watson, G. H., 1993, . 12-15).


ђ ђ
,
(Ambrosini, V., Johnson, G., Scholes, K., 1998, . 63).
, " " ,
/
. , , ,
ђ ђ ( )
.
( )
. " "
( , , ),
ђ , .
" " :" ?" "
?" .
, " "
,
(Munro-Faure, L. I. M., 1992).
244
9.1. ( )
ђ ,
, ђ ,
,
.
,
(Kozak, M., 2004).
, ,
. ,
. ђ
, .
,
.
:
( - , -
, - , - ,
- , - )
. : ( - ,
- , - Ђ ,
- , - , -
).
9.1.1. ↔
1. - : -
;
. .
, .
245
, ђ , 3. 4.
, .
17.
Izvor: www.opusteno.rs
1 . - : ;
,
. 3. ,
.
40 .
, .
18.
Izvor: www.mestokojevolim.rs
246
9.1.2. ↔
2. - ;
.
.
. ђ 1388. 1405. .
, , ,
, ,
.
.
19.
Izvor: www.tt/group.net
2 . -
, , , 30 km .
, 11.
, .
-
, - ,
.
20.
Izvor: www.tt.group.net
247
9.1.3. ↔Ђ
3. -
.
. ,
. -
26 km. , ,
.
a
21.
Izvor: www.media1.rs
3 .Ђ -
Ђ
( ). ,
, .Ђ
.
1995. Ђ
.
67 ha .
22. Ђ
Izvor: www.predejane.rs
248
9.1.4. ↔
4. -
4,6 km². 1,9
m, 3,5 m, 3,8 km² .
, . ,
ђ 18-25°C.
2100 ,
20њC.
23.
Izvor: www.javolimsrbiju.rs
4 . -
, 30
km - .
16 km² ,
1213 .
, .
, .
12 km, 1-3 km. 35 .
21 -
23 .
24.
Izvor: www.javolimsrbiju.rs
249
9.1.5. ↔
5. - ђ
.
200 km , 130 km , 25 km 7 km .
ђ (1216 m n.v.) .
. : ,
, , , , ,
( , , )
( - , 3
).
.
, .
10,5њC, 20њC.
25.
Izvor: www.vrnjackabanjars.com
5 . -
- - -
( ), 10 km 250 km
.
.
, ( , ,
, ), (36-38°C),
, 56
.
- .
250
26.
Izvor: www.banj -srbije.org
9.1.6. ↔
6. -
–
. ђ
, , ђ .
100 ,
30 km ( - ).
27.
Izvor: www.kertoon.com
6 . -
45 km, 15 km
- .
- 250 m n.v. 1.810 m n.v.
,
.
251
28.
Izvor: www.forum-srbija.com
9.2. ђ /
ђ / .
.
( , ) 10
.
- 2013. .
.
,
. 182 . ,
.
,
ђ 1 - 5. .
252
35.
= 182 1 2 3 4 5 6
1 2 3 4 5 6
4 3 3 4 5 3
4 4 5 5 3 4
/ 3 5 4 4 4 5
3 5 5 5 4 5
2 3 1 3 5 1
2 4 4 2 2 1
4 4 1 5 5 2
2 4 5 1 1 1
3 3 2 4 5 4
3 4 5 4 3 1
, 3 3 1 4 5 2
3 4 5 2 2 1
2 2 1 3 4 2
2 3 3 1 2 1
3 2 1 4 5 2
3 3 4 2 2 1
2 3 2 4 5 3
3 3 3 2 2 1
3 3 2 4 5 3
3 3 4 3 3 3
2,9 3,1 1,8 3,9 4,8 2,7
2,8 3,7 4,3 2,7 2,4 1,9
: 1. , 1 .
2. , 2 .
3. , 3 . Ђ
4. , 4 .
5. , 5 .
6. , 6 .
, ,
. ђ
253
. , Ђ
, , ,
.
ђ
.
,
.
ђ
. ,
ђ
.
.
.
254
255
10.
,
, .
( )
ђ :
( ), ( ),
( ), .
, ,
, .
,
.
,
. ,
.
.
( ).
,
ђ
.
. ( ),
, ,
, , ,
. ,
.
. ,
.
ђ - . ,
256
ђ .
, ,
j .
, ,
:

;
 ,
;
 ,
;
;
 џ ;
; ;
, ;
.
, ,
, , ,
, . .
,
,
.
,
, ђ
.
257
10.1.
,
.
.
.
( )
. ,
, ,
.
.
ђ
, .
, .
, .
,
( ђ , ,
...) ( ,
, ...).
.
: , ђ
258
, .
,
,
, ( , .,
2007, . 81-88).
.
: , ,
, ,
, .
:
 ;
 ;
 . ;
 ;
 ;
 ;
 ;
 ђ ;
 ;
 ;
 .
,
:
 ;
 ,
;

, ;

.
259
 . ;
 ;
 ;
 . ;
 ;
 . .
ђ ђ
:
 ,
 ,
 ,
 (Spa/Wellness) ,
 ,
 , ђ ,

 .
ђ
, .
ђ .
,
, ,
, .
,
, ,
, ,
.
,
, ,
, ,
260
,
, ,
ђ ,
.
10.2.
ђ ,
. А ,
,
, . ,
( ) ,
,
ђ ,
. .
,
.
.
.
ђ . " ".
.
,
. ,
,
ђ ,
, .
. ,
( , , ...),
261
.
ђ ,
,
( , ,
.) .
ђ ,
.
.
. ,
. .
, . .
,
:

.
 -
, ,
.

, . .
. ,
.
. ђ
, .
, ,
.
" ",
,
262
. . , , , ,
, , ,
.
,
.
.
/ ,
.
" ", .
,
.
.
, .
.
, , ,
, .
10.3.
,
ђ .
џ , ђ
, ,
.
.
, , џ
.
,
263
.
,
.
,
.
, ,
.
,
,
.
, ђ
.
.
,
,
.
,
.
- .
" џ ",
ђ (
) .
,
,
.
.
. , .
264
. , : , ,
, .
.
.
(
, )
/ ,
/ /
ђ .
,
, .
, ,
,
.
, ,
.
,
( ... 2004, . 50).
,
. ,
: , , ,
. ђ ,
, .
, SWOT
, ,
ђ ,
265
10.4. .
- .
.
" , "
(Gilbert, E. W.,1960, . 157-75).
( ) . ,
,
ђ / .
.
.
ђ
.
:
1. ,
ђ .
1. ( . ,
, , .);
2. ( . ,
, , , .);
3. ( . , , , .) ;
4. ђ ( . , , ђ ,
ђ ...);
5. ( . , , , , .);
6. - .
2. .
.
1. ђ
, ;
266
2. ;
3. .
3. ,
. .
1. .
.
4. ( )
. .
1. ;
2. .
5. .
.
1. ;
2. ;
3. .
6. .
,
.
1. . ,
, .
2. , ,
,
.
.
. ,
, ,
.
,
.
. 5 ( , ).
,
ђ .
523 9 . ( ,
267
, , , , ,
, ) , ,
- 2013. .
- , .
. ,
.
.
:
.
?
(ЊОЧsТs LТФОrt)
, .
- ,
(LuТs TСurstШЧО)
(LШuТs EХТвКСu GuttЦКЧ).
, : (1) , (2) , (3) , (4)
, (5) .
ђ .
. ђ 5
10 .
. .
,
.
. ђ ,
ђ , (EНЦШЧНsШЧ, R.D., 2005, . 127-133).
,
( , ).
, ђ .
268
:
1 - ,
ђ ?
2- .
?
3- , .
?
4 -
. ?
5 - .
?
6 - .
.
T 36.
= 523
98+ 87+ 73+ 72+ 193+
. - . - . - . - . -
1 (1,4) (1,1) J (1,8) (1,5) J (1,2) J (1,4)

2 (2,2) (2,8) O (1,4) (1,9) O (1,5) (1,8)
3 (1,1) J (1,9) O (1,2) J (0,8) O (2,2) (1,7)
4 (1,8) (2,0) J (1,5) J M (2,1) J (3,0) J (1,1)
5 (1,3) J (1,2) J (1,3) J (1,2) J (1,3) J (1,4)
6 (1,1) J (1,3) (2,0) J (1,0) J (1,4) J (2,0)
(1,5) (1,7) (1,5) (1,4) (1,8)
Ђ
.
(1,6)
269
: . ;
,
,
;
,
:
- , - , - ;
:1 = - ,2= - , 3= - ,
4= - ,5= - .
. :
 ( ђ
. );
 Ђ ( ,
);
 ( ђ
);
 (
, );
 . (
);
 ( . ).
( 36)
. 5 ђ
,
ђ (ЋtШФОs, JКРШ,
2007).
,
. , :
Ђ , . , ,
, ,
. (
), .
98 .
2 ( 2)
270
. ,
.
. 3
6.
:
( 1700 )
( , ).
87 .
6( 6)
. ,
.
. . 1.
(
).
193
. , 6(
6) .
,
.
.
. 3.
. (
wellness&spa ).
72 .
4( 4),
. ,
. .
3.
:Ђ (
7 )
( ).
271
9 . 193 (
=57, =14, =25, =35,
=15, =33, =6, =3 =5).
, 4 ( 4),
. ,
. . 1.
Ђ .
, .
,
, .
:
• ,
• ,
• ,
• ђ ђ /
• .
. , .
- .
ђ ,
,
( , ., 2007, . 41-42).
.
( ) .
.
. . , .
, ђ , ,
, .
272
.
.
,
, ђ
.
- .
, ,
, ,
,
, 10,
.
- .
.
. ,
,
.
. . ,
, ,
, .
, .
, , ,
, , , 12
.
, .
,
, .
, , .
273
-
. ( )
. . ,
. .
.
, ђ , ,
,
.
.
, .
, ,
.
(805 ),
(523 ) (182
), ,
.
,
. -
.
. ,
, .
,
. ђ ,
, .,
.
( , - , -
, , , ,
274
wellness/spa .), , (
),
. ,
,
ђ .
.
.
-
, ,
.
ђ ,
, ђ .
. ,
, ,
.
ђ ,
, .
, ,
a,
.
,
. .
,
,
.
, ,
,
275
. , .
, ђ
.
, , e,
e
.
,
. ђ
.
, ,
.
.
,
- .
276
1. , ., (1994). - . , , .
2.Ambrosini, V., Johnson, G., Scholes, K., (1993). Exploring techniques of Analysis and
Evalution in Strategic Management, Prentice Hall Europe, pp. 63.
3. , ., , ., (2007). џ ђ .
, .
4. , (1983). 15, :
, (1997).
5.Backman, K. S., Backman, M., Uysal, K.M.S., (1995). Event tourism: An examination
of motivations and activities, Festival Management & Event Tourism 3(1), pp.15-244.
6.Baud-Bovy, M., Lawson, F., (1967). Tourism and Recreation Development, Boston:
CBI, Publishing Comp.
7.Baum, T., Hagen, L., (1999). Responses to sesaonality, The expiriences of peripheral
destinations, International journal of tourism research, vol.1, pp. 299-312.
8. ., (1988). .
, , . 193.
9. , ., (2005). џ .
, . 15.
10. Baloglu S., McCleary K. W., (1999). A model of destination image formation. Annals
of Tourism Research 26 (4), pp. 868-897.
11. , ., (1985).
. (
). .
12. , ., (2003). џ . : .
13. Besermenji, S., Pivac, T., Wallrabenstein, K., (2009). Significance of the authentic
ambience of the Petrovaradin fortress on the attractiveness of Exit festival.
Geographica Pannonica, 13 (2), pp. 66-74.
14. Besermenji, S., Pivac, T., Wallrabenstein, K., (2010). Attitudes of experts from Novi
Sad on the use of the authentic setting of the Petrovaradin fortress as the venue for the
Exit festival. Geographica Pannonica, 14 (3), pp. 92-97.
15. , ., (2001). ,
2. , . 250-258.
277
16. , ., (2006). - .
,
. 14.
17. , ., , ., , (2009). ,
. , , , ЧШ 59
(2) . 95-110).
18. , ., џ , ., (2009).
,
, 38/2009.
19. , ., (2007).
, , , , . 41-42.
20. , ., (2007). - ђ .
, , . 23.
21. Butler, R.W., (1980). The concept of a tourist area cycle of evolution: Implications for
management of resources. University of Ontario, Canadian Geographer XXIV, 1.
22. Burns, J. P.A., Hatch, J. H., Mules, T. J., (1986). The Adelaide Grand prix-The Impact
of a social Event, The center for South Australian Economic Studies, 187.
23. , Ђ., (2006). ,

, , . 33.
24. Capon, N., Hulbert, M., (2001). Marketing Management in the 21st Century, Prentice
Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.
25. Castro C. B., Armario E. M., Ruiz D. M., (2007). The influence of market
heterogeneity on the reХКtТШЧsСТp ЛОtаООЧ К НОstТЧКtТШЧ’s ТЦКРО КЧН tШurТsts’ ПuturО
behaviour. Tourism Management 28 (1), pp. 175-187.
26. Cooper, C., Fletcher, J., Gilbert, D.,&Wanhill, S., (2002). Tourism-Principles
&ЈrКМtТМ . London, pp. 131-139.
27. Chon K. S., (1990). The role of destination image in tourism: A review and discussion.
Tourist Review 45 (2), pp. 2-9.
28. Chon K. S., (1991). Tourism destination image modification process. Tourism
Management 12 (1), pp. 68-72.
29. Cook, R. A., Yale, L.J. and Marqua, J. J., (2002). Tourism: The business of travel (2nd
ed.), Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. pp. 55.
30. Cooper, C., Fletcher, J., Gilbert, D.,&Wanhill, S., (2002). Tourism-Principles
&ЈrКМtТМ . London, pp. 131-139.
278
31. Cracolici, M., F., Nijkamp, P., (2009). The attractiveness and competitiveness of
tourist destinations: A study of Southern Italian regions. Tourism Management, 30 (3),
pp. 336-344.
32. , ., (2009). џ .
, , . 236.
33. , Ђ., (2005). . : .
34. , Ђ., , ., (1997). . :

ђ . . 37-38.
35. Defert, P., (1972). Les resources et les activites. Aix-en-Provance: Centre d'Etudes du
Tourisme.
36. De Jager, A., (2010). How Dull is Dullstroom? Exploring the Tourism Destination
Image of Dullstroom. Tourism Geographies, 12(3), pp. 349-370.
37. , ., (1950). , .,
.
38. , ., (1990). . ,,
БББЏI, . 381-422.
39. , ., (1992). . ,
БББЏIII ., 379-586.
40. , ., (2005). - ,
џ , , . 27.
41. DrКРТЧ A. Ћ., DrКРТЧ Џ., ЈХКvšК J., IvФШv A., ĐurđОv B. Ћ., (2007). Cruise Ship
Tourism on the Danube in Vojvodina Province as a Segment of Global Tourism.
Geographica Pannonica11, pp. 59-64.
42. Dwyer, L., Kim, C., (2003). Destination competitiveness: Determinants and indicators.
Current Issues in Tourism 6, pp. 369-414, Routledge, London.
43. Echtner C. M., Ritchie J. R. B., (1991). The meaning and measurement of destination
image. The Journal of Tourism Studies 2 (2), pp. 2-12.
44. Edmondson, R.D., (2005). Likert Scales: A History. University Florida, USA, pp.127-
133.
45. Encyclopedia of Tourism, (2000).
46. Eyler, A., Mayer, J., Rafi, R., Housemann, R., Brownson, C., & King, C., (1999). Key
informant surveys as a tool to implement and evaluate physical activity interventions
in thecommunity, Health Education Research, 14(2), pp. 289.
279
47. Fakeye, P. C., Crompton J. L., (1991). Image Differences between Prospective, First-
Time, and Repeat Visitors to the Lower Rio Grande Valley. Journal of Travel
Research 30 (2), pp.10-16.
48. Fritzsch J., Wegner S., Buchenrieder, Curtiss J., Gomeze Y., Paloma S., (2010).
Economic prospect for semi-subsistence farm house holds in EU new member states,
pp. 74, JRC Scientific and technical reports.
49. , ., (2005, ). ,
. , . 30.
50. , ., (2007). ђ
ђ , , - ,
, , .
51. , ., (2010). ђ .
. , , -
, , .13.
52. , ., (1972). .
" ", , .
53. Gilbert, E. W., (1960). The idea of the region. Geography 45, pp. 157-75.
54. Goeldner C., (1989). English Workshop Sumarry, 39th Congress AIEST, Revue de
Tourism, 44 (4), pp. 5-7.
55. , ., (2008). ," " .

Џ, , , 2008. . 1-22.
56. , ., , ., (2007).
, , ,
86(1), . 149- 162.
57. Ђ , ., (2008). ђ ђ , .
58. Ђ ђ , ., , ., (2012).
, ,
. 35, - - .
59. Hall, McArthur., (1998). Integrated heritage Management: Principles and Practice,
The Stationary Office, London.
60. џ , ., (2005). . - ,
, , ,
str. 22.
61. Hunter, C., (1995b). Key concepts for tourism and the environment. In: Hunter, C. &
Green, H. (eds.).Tourism and the Environment. Routledge. London, pp. 52-92.
280
62. Howie, F., (2003). Managing the Tourist Destination. London: Cengage Learning
EMEA.
63. ...2010/2011, . 47.
64. , ., (2009).
ђ . , VIII ,
, . 111-125.
65. , ,
29.08.2013. .
66. : 1516. .
67. IUCN, (1996). - World Conversation Union.
68. IvФШv, A., KШvКčОvТć, T., DrКРТЧ, A., ĐurđОv, B., IvКЧШvТć, LУ., (2007). Influence of
tourism on the employment in Vojvodina. Geographica Pannonica 11, pp. 54-58.
69. - , ., , ., , ., (2008).
ђ .
88 (4), . 59-69.
70. (2013). WEF
71. , ., , ., (2011). џ .
, , , . 31-39.
72. , ., (1985). . , ,
. 195.
73. JШЛЛОr, D., FКСв, J., (2006). , , .
74. , ., (1985).
, 2, , . 199-205.
75. , ., , ., (2006). . : .
76. , ., (1996). . -
, , ,
, . 60-68.
77. , ., (1991). џ , ,
.
78. , ., (2002). џ . : ,
str.18.
79. , ., (2003). . : .
281
80. , ., (2003). , 7, . 82-

85.
81. , ., (2008). State and perspectives of spa tourism development in Serbia.

, 88 (4), str. 3-18.
82. , ., (1967). , , .
83. , ., (1986). , , .
84. , ., (1992). . : , .
10.
85. , . ., (2006). I. :
џ , . 55-56.
86. , . ., (2006). I. :
џ , . 79.
87. , . ., (2008). ,
, , , .
29.
88. , ., , ., (2006). GОШРrКpСТМКХ AspОМt ШП TШurТsЦ КЧН ЋpКМО

Interaction. Geographica Pannonica, 10.
89. , ., (1977). A РrШаtС ШП tШurТsЦ КЧН spКtТКХ НТspШsО ШП tСО Ћ. Њ. ШП

Macedonia, Geography of tourism and regional planning, Geographica Slovenica, 5.
90. Kaspar C., (1989). From Traditional Spa Tourism to Modem Forms of Health
Tourism, AIEST, vol. 30, St. Gallen, pp. 15-19.
91. , ., , . , ., (2006).
ђ . , ђ ,
. : ,
.
92. , ., , ., (1998). .
, - , , . 95-96.
79. Keller, P., (2000). Destination marketing: Strategic areas of inquiry, In: Manente, M.
& Cerato, M. (Eds.), From destination to destination marketing and management:
Designing and repositioning tourism products (pp. 29-44). Venezia: Libreria Editrice
Cafoscarina.
93. , ., (2011). , : ,
.
94. , ., (1984). .
, . 11.
282
95. , ., (2002). . , .
96. Kozak, M., (2004). Destination Benchmarking: concepts, practices and operations,
CABI Publishing, Wallingford.
97. Kripendorf, J., (1982). Towards new tourism policies. Tourism management, No. 3.
98. , ., (2008). ђ ђ . 7,
“, .
99. , ., (2002). . : .
100. Lawson, F., and Baud-Bovy, M., (1977). Tourism and Recreational Development.
London: Architectural Press. MacInnis, D
101. Laws, E., (1995). Tourism destination management. Routledge, London.
102. , ., (1966). -
. , . 295
103. , . Ђ., (2005 ). . , . 30,

. 28.
104. , . Ђ., (1990).

, : .
105. Manning, R., (1999). Studies in Outdoor Recreation Search and Research for
Satisfaction (Second ed.), Corvallis, Oregon State University Press.
106. , ., , ., (2004). .
, , . 37-38.
107. M (1995). .
, , . 212.
108. , (2007).
Horwath i Horwath Consulting Zagreb.
109. , ., (2009). џ , , , . 163.
110. , ., , ., (2002). , , .
111. , ., (2012). / , , . 23.
112. Milman A., Pizam A., (1995). The role of awareness and familiarity with a
destination: The central Florida case. Journal of Travel Research 33 (3), pp. 21-27.
113. Mowforth, M., & Munt, I., (2003). Tourism and Sustainability. Development and New
Tourism in the Third World“, London, UK: Routledge Publishing.
283
114. , ., (2012).
, ,
41/2012, 139-151. , .
115. I-IV., (1984). , , . 3.

.
116. Moscardo, G., (Ed.). (2008). Building community capacity for tourism development,
Australia.
117. Mueller H., Lanz Kaufmann E., (2001). Wellness Tourism: Market analysis of special
health tourism segment and implications for the hotel industry, Quelle: Journal of
Vacation Marketing, Volume 7, pp. 5-17.
118. Munro-Faure, L. I. M., (1992). Implementing Total Quality Management. London:

Pitman Publising.
119. , ., , , , ., (2007).
, , , Vol.
57, . 1-2, . 63-77.
120. O - , M., (1991). :

-
: , , , . 43-69.
121. , , ., (1936).
, , . 39-45.
122. PAP/RAC, (1997). Guidelines for Carrying Capacity Assessment for Tourism in
Mediterranean Coastal Areas. Priority Actions Program Regional Centre, Split.
123. M. ., (1998). ( ). :
, .194.
124. , ., (1982).
. : .
125. R , ., (2007). ЈКХОШЛвгКЧtТЧО МСurМСОs ШП NТš-preliminary survey, NТš КЧН

Byzantium V, , . 125-147.
126. , ., (2004). : џ
, , .
127. Reilley, R. W., (1996). Revealing socially constructed knowledge through quas-
structured interviews and grounded theory analysis, Journal of Travel and Tourism
Marketing, 5(1/2), pp. 21-39.
128. , M., , M., (1987). . :

.
284
129. , 16, . 336.
130. , 16, . 337.
131. , (2012).
, . 35.
132. , (2013). , . 16,17,18.

578.
133. , (2013). , . 39,

578.
134. , . 18, . 9.
135. , (2014). ,
.
136. Ritchie, J.R.B., Crouch, G., (2003). The Competitive Destination - A Sustainable
Tourism Perspective. CABI Publishing Wallingford, Oxon 63, pp. 110-111.
137. Roman empire, (1987). pp. 322.
138. , ., , ., (2001). .
, .
139. , ., (2008). . - ,
, , ,
.17-84.
140. , ., (2008). . - ,
, , ,
.90-91.
141. Ross, G. F., (1993). Destination evaluation and vacation preferences. Annals of
Tourism Research 20, pp. 477-489.
142. Sæþórsdóttir, D. Anna., (2010). Planning Nature Tourism in Iceland based on Tourist
Attitudes. Tourism Geographies 12(1), pp. 25-52.
143. Saveriades, A., (2000). Establishing the social carrying capacity for tourism resorts of
east coast of Republic of Cyprus, Tourism Management, 21, pp. 147-156.
144. Smith, M., Kelly, C., (2006). Wellness Tourism, Tourism Recreation Research, Vol.
31 (1), pp. 1-4
145. Ћ , J.,D., (2005). ,

џ , , .120.
285
146. ., ., (2005). , ,
. 54, .
147. ., ., (2011).
, , , БББЏ, .
1. .
148. , ., (1994). . , .
149. , . ., (1990). . : .
150. . ., (2002). , , . 102,

.
151. . . (2005). . џ ,
.
152. , (2011). ,
2011, . 254-255.
153. , (2011). ,
2011, . 214-215.
154. , (2011). ,
2011, . 252-253.
155. , . (1994).
1981-1991. , .3-4, . 87-101.
156. , (2011).
157. , ., (2006). ,
, , - ,
, . 195
158. , ., , ., (2008).
. 88 (4), . 53-58.
159. , (2006). ,
. 7.
160. , (2004), . 50.
161. , (2005), . 80.
162. , (2006), . 59-60.
163. , (2008). . 194
286
164. Stokes, R. and Jago, L.K., (2007). Australia´s public sector environment for shaping
event tourism strategy. International Journal of Event Management Research Volume 3,
Number 1, School of Tourism, The University of Queensalnd, Australia.
165. Stoner, J., Freeman, E., Gilbert, D., (1995). Management, Prentice Hall Internacional
Editions, Sixt edition, pp. 224.
166. Teece, D. J., Pisano, G., Shuen, A., (1997). Dynamic capabilities and strategic
management. Strategic Management Journal 18(7), pp. 509-533.
167. The International Ecotourism Society/TIES) 1991.
168. , ., (1998). -
- . , . 2.
169. , ., (1999). . ђ
- , .
170. , ., , ., (2002). , , .
.66.
171. , ., (2003). . .
172. , ., (2007). . .
173. , ., (2007). .
, . , . 11, . 81-88.
174. , ., , ., (2008). How to Develop Rural Tourism in Serbia.

, 88(4), .. 19-28.
175. , ., (2004). . 55 (1-2), .

66-84. , .
176. , ., (2010). Tourist needs and motives for travelling, Economic themes, Year
XLVIII N°. 2, FКМuХtв ШП ОМШЧШЦТМs NТš.
177. The International Ecotourism Society/TIES, (1991). Ecoturism: Principles, Practices

& Policies for sustainability.
178. , ., (1998).
- . , . 2.
179. , ., (2003). - . - : ,
.
180. ., (2009). , : .
181. , ., (2002). Rethinking of Educations and Training for Tourism. Zagreb:

Graduate School of Economics & Business, pp. 496.
287
182. Watson, G. H., (1993). How Process Benchmarking Supports Corporate Strategy.
Planning Review, 21, 1, pp. 12-15.
183. Weaver, D., Lawton, L., (2002). Tourism Management (Second ed.), John Wiley &
Sons, Milton, Australia.
184. Wertheimer-BКХОtТć, A., (2004). DОpШpuХКМТУК Т stКrОЧУО stКЧШvЧТštvК - temeljni

demografski procesi u Hrvatskoj, DruštvОЧК ТstrКžТvКЧУК 13 (4-5), str. 631-651.
185. Wilkinson, P.F., (1987). Tourism in small island nations: A fragile dependence.
LeisureStudies 6, pp. 127-46.
186. Woodside, A. G, Lysonski S., (1989). A general model of traveller destination.

choice. Journal of Travel Research 27(4), pp. 8-14.
187. WTO (2002). International trade statistics.
188. , (2009).
189. , (2010).
190. ., (2005). : џ
, , .
288
1.www.rzs.stat.gov.rs; , : 16.08.2012.
2.www.srbija.travel/kalendar-dogadjaja; : 08.02.2013.
3.www.jugoistocnasrbija.rs; , : 15.03.2013.
4.www.glassrbije.org/srbija; Ђ , : 25.03.2013.
5.www.srbija.travel; , : 11.09.2013.
6.www.hidmet.gov.rs; º
1981-2010. , : 15.04.2013.
7.www.usr-moravica.com/jezera; , : 25.04.2013.
8.www.nis.okrug.gov.rs; , : 29.04.2013.
9.www.prokuplje.org.rs; , : 29.04.2013.
10. www.gradleskovac.org; , : 29.04.2013.
11. www.vranje.rs; , : 29.04.2013.
12. www.srbija.travel/destinacije/banje-i-klimatska-mesta; :21.10.2013.
13. www.naturetraveloffice.com; , :25.10.2013.
14. www.opusteno.rs; : 24.11.2013.
15. www.mestokojevolim.rs; : 26.11.2013.
16. www.tt/group.net; : 26.11.2013.
17. www.media1.rs; : 29.11.2013.
18. www.predejane.rs; : 01.12.2013.
19. www.javolimsrbiju.rs; : 04.12.2013.
20. www.vrnjackabanjars.com; : 09.12.2013.
21. ааа.ЛКЧУ -srbije.org; 11.12.2013.
22. www.kertoon.com; : 11.12.2013.
23. www.forum-srbija.com; : 12.12.2013.
24. www.arhiva.glas-javnosti.rs; : 12.12.2013.
25. www.tt-group.net. reke i jezera u srbiji.rs; : 12.12.2013.
289
. -
: ђ :
: :
Ј
Ј Ј
Ј
- ђ )
. - , С а 1 2 3 а 1 2 3 С а 1 2 3
, Ср њ Ср њ Ср њ
4 5 6 4 5 6 4 5 6
Д ар Д ар Д ар
7 8 9 7 8 9 7 8 9
ча ча ча
10 10 10
К ђ
. С а 1 2 3 а 1 2 3 С а 1 2 3
Ср њ Ср њ Ср њ
4 5 6 4 5 6 4 5 6
7 8 9 7 8 9 7 8 9
ча ча ча
10 10 10
К
( ( , , ( ,
) , , ,
, ) .)
. С а 1 2 3 а 1 2 3 С а 1 2 3
1. 4 5 6 4 5 6 4 5 6
2. Д ар Д ар Д ар
3. 7 8 9 7 8 9 7 8 9
4. ча ча ча
5. 10 10 10
6.
,
.
. С а 1 2 3 С а 1 2 3 С а 1 2 3
4 5 6 4 5 6 4 5 6
7 8 9 7 8 9 7 8 9
ча ча ча
10 10 10
E. С а 1 2 3 С а 1 2 3 С а 1 2 3
– Ср њ Ср њ Ср њ
4 5 6 4 5 6 4 5 6
7 8 9 7 8 9 7 8 9
ча ча ча
10 10 10
100 300 500
. а 1 2 3 а 1 2 3 а 1 2 3
4 5 6 4 5 6 4 5 6
7 8 9 7 8 9 7 8 9
ча ча ча
10 10 10
. а 1 2 3 а 1 2 3 а 1 2 3
- Ср њ Ср њ Ср њ
ђ 4 5 6 4 5 6 4 5 6
7 8 9 7 8 9 7 8 9
ча ча ча
10 10 10
џ К
. – џ а 1 2 3 а 1 2 3 а 1 2 3
, Ср њ Ср њ Ср њ
4 5 6 4 5 6 4 5 6
, Д ар Д ар Д ар
7 8 9 7 8 9 7 8 9
ча ча ча
10 10 10
290
Ta . - J
Ј Ј
: : ђ :
:
1- , a e a e a e a e a e
ђ
.
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
ђ 1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
К 1 2 3 4 5
2- , , a e a e a e a e a e
К ђ 1 2 3 4 5
, ;
; 1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
3- , , a e a e a e a e a e
,
,
1 2 3 4 5
.
1 2 3 4 5
К 1 2 3 4 5
4-К a e a e a e a e a e
.
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
5- a e a e a e a e a e
; 1 2 3 4 5
; 1 2 3 4 5
К . 1 2 4 5
6- a e a e a e a e a e
,
.
1 2 4 5
.
, , 1 2 3 4 5
,
.
К
1 2 3 4 5
Ђ 1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
291
Ta . - J
ј 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
= 182
-
1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 .
Ђ
,
ј
ј
ј
292
- CV
ђ 19. 1960. ,
.
2006.
џ " " ( 10)
: " XY (
)", : - џ .
2009. :
" ђ (
Wellness )", : .
2005. " " " џ
F&B" - . . .
2010. " " џ . . .
.
2013. " " -
. . . .
2014. " " "Fantasy
Travel" .
1986. " " (
).
2007. „
“ ,
: " ",
" " " ".
2012. " џ
", "11 ".
2014.
ђ "Fantasy Travel"
.
. MS Office .
2011. - 2015.
џ .
.
293
1. Тć, ., ŠušТć, Џ., (2011). “ЈrТЦОЧК ЦКrФОtТЧР ФШЧМОptК u ФrОТrКЧУu turТstТčФШР

proizvoda”, VIII NКučЧТ sФup sК ЦОđuЧКrШНЧТЦ učОšćОЦ, Zbornik radova, str. 332-
339, mart 2011, Univerzitet Sinergija, Bijeljina. ISBN: 978-99955-26-21-4/332-339
2. , ., (2011). “
”. ђ
- , , . LЏII, IЏ-VI
2011, 2, . 207-218. YUISSN 0350-137X, UDK: 338 (497,1)
3. Тć, ., ŠušТć, Џ., ĐШrđОvТć, D., (2011). “IЧtОrЧТ Т ОФstОrЧТ ПКФtШrТ ШМОЧО turТstТčФШР
pШtОЧМТУКХК NТšФО BКЧУО”. БVI NКučЧТ sФup - Regionalni razvoj i demografski tokovi
zemКХУК JuРШТstШčЧО EvrШpО, Zbornik radova, str. 209-219, jun 2011, Ekonomski
ПКФuХtОt, UЧТvОrгТtОt u NТšu. IЋBN: 978-86-6139-026-5
4. Тć, ., (2011). “VКХuКtТШЧ ШП tШurТst pШtОЧtТКХ spК ШП NТš (NТšФК BКЧУК) ArОК
(South-East Serbia)”, International Scientific Journal - TURIZAM, Vol. 15, No. 3, pp.
95-108. Department of Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management, University of Novi
Sad, Serbia. ISSN 1450-6661.
5. Тć, ., (2011). “FuЧФМТУК ШpОrКtТvЧШР ЦОЧКНžЦОЧtК u ФrОТrКЧУu ЛrОЧНК”,

SPINˈ11, VIII Skup privrednikК Т ЧКučЧТФК, Zbornik radova, str. 128-135, Fakultet
Organizacionih Nauka, Univerzitet u Beogradu. ISBN: 8676802440, 9788676802449
6. Тć, ., (2011). “The impact of the public sector in shaping of tourist events in the
spas of South Serbian region”, International Scientific Conference - Problems of
competitiveness of contemporary economies, Proceedings p. 69-80, October 14, 2011,
FКМuХtв ШП EМШЧШЦТМs, UЧТvОrsТtв ШП NТš. UDC 351.076:338.48(497.11)
7. Тć, ., (2012). “Marketing planiranja u turizmu Srbije u ПuЧФМТУТ prОvКгТХКžОЧУК

ekonomske krize”, БVII IЧtОrЧКМТШЧКХЧТ ЧКučЧТ sФup - StrКtОРТУsФТ ЦОЧКНžЦОЧt Т
prОvКгТХКžОЧУО ОФШЧШЦsФШ-finansijske krize, Zbornik radova, 20 april, 2012, Ekonomski
ПКФuХtОt ЋuЛШtТМК, ЈКХТć. UDK 338.487:659.1 ; 338.48-3(497.11)"2008/2011"
8. Тć, ., (2012). “Planning Models for Sustainable Event Management of Tourist

Destination”, International Conference on Contemporary Marketing Issues (ICCMI),
Proceedings, 343-349, 13-15 june 2012, Thessaloniki, Greece. ISBN 978-960-287-140-
9
9. Тć, ., ŠušТć, Џ., ĐШrđОvТć, D., (2012). “ГЧКčКУ ФrОТrКЧУК ШНržТvШР rurКХЧШР
rКгvШУК turТгЦК u JužЧШУ ЋrЛТУТ”, БVII NКučЧТ sФup-Regionalni razvoj i demografski
tШФШvТ гОЦКХУК УuРШТstШčЧО EvrШpО, Zbornik radova, str. 559-569, jun 2012, Ekonomski
fakultet, UЧТvОrгТtОt u NТšu. UDK 338.48-44(1-22)
10. Тć, ., (2012). “Tourism as a developmental phenomenom”, Academica Science

Journal: Geographica Series, No. (1) 1-2012, p. 65-75, Dimitrie Cantemir University,
Targu Mures, Romania. ISSN: 2285-8075/G1A9 65
294
11. Тć, ., (2012). “Creating Value Chain Model and Shaping Authentic Tourism
Product: The Case of South Serbia”, International Journal: Tourism and Hospitality
Management, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 195-211, University of Rijeka, Faculty of Tourism and
Hospitality Management, Opatija, Croatia. ISSN 1330-7533, UDC 338.48(497.11)
12. Тć, ., (2012). “Inovation as a factor of development tourism in Serbia”,

International Scientific Conference - Serbia and the European union, Proceedings pp.
71-83,October 18, 2012, Facultв ШП EМШЧШЦТМs,UЧТvОrsТtв ШП NТš. IЋBN: 978-86-6139-
061-6
13. Тć, ., ŠušТć, Џ., (2012). “The Importance of Economic Development of Modern
Tourism in Serbian Rural Areas”, 2ⁿͩ International Scientific Conference -
Contemporary Issues in Economics, Business and Management (EBM 2012),
Conference Proceedings pp. 427-434, December 13-14, Faculty of Economics,
University of Kragujevac, ISBN 978-86-6091-037-2
14. Тć, ., (2012). “ЈШгТМТШЧТrКЧУО prШstШrК JužЧО ЋrЛТУО u МТХУu turТstТčФШР rКгvШУК”,
Zbornik radova Departmana za geografiju, turizam i hotelijerstvo 41/2012, str.139-151,
OrТРТnКХnТ nКučnТ rКН, Prirodno-ЦКtОЦКtТčФТ ПКФuХtОt, UЧТvОrгТtОt NШvТ ЋКН. IЋЋN
1452-1033, ISSN 2334-7074 (online).
15. MШУТć, J., ŠušТć, Џ., (2013). “New tendencies of development Serbian tourism in
terms of globalization”, International Scientific Conference – The global economic
crisis and the future of European integration , Proceedings pp. 263-272, October 18,
2013, FКМuХtв ШП EМШЧШЦТМs, UЧТvОrsТtв ШП NТš. IЋBN: 978-86-6139-085-2, UDC
338.48(497.11)
16. Тć, ., ŠušТć, Џ., (2014). “Role of marketing events in the development of tourist
destinations”, Facta Universitatis, Series: Economics and Organization, Vol.11, No.1, 2014,
pp 47-59, UЧТvОrsТtв ШП NТš, UDC 658.8:338.48
17. Тć, ., (2014). “The Effectiveness of Marketing Events to Create Destination

Competitiveness”, 2nd International Conference on Contemporary Marketing Issues (ICCMI),
Proceedings pp 173-179, 18-20 june 2014, Athens, Greece. ISBN: 978-960-287-145-4
18. Тć, ., ŠušТć, Џ., (2014). “IЦpХОЦОЧtКМТУК ЦШНОrЧШР turТstТčФШР pХКЧТrКЧУК u rКгvШУu
ruralnih oblasti: ЋХučКУ УužЧО ЋrЛТУО”, БIБ NКučЧТ sФup-Regionalni razvoj i demografski
tШФШvТ гОЦКХУК УuРШТstШčЧО EvrШpО, Zbornik radova, str. 751-764, jun 2014, Ekonomski fakultet,
UЧТvОrгТtОt u NТšu. UDK 338.48-44(1-22)(497.11)
19. Тć, ., ŠušТć, Џ., (2014). “KШЧРrОsЧТ turТгКЦ ФКШ tržТšЧК ЧТšК pШsХШvЧШР
turizma”, Ekonomske teme, br. 52 (4), str. 523-539, Ekonomski fakultet, Univerzitet u
NТšu. ISSN 0353-8648
20.MШУТć, J., ŠušТć, Џ., (2015). “Congress Tourism Market - CКsО stuНв: NТš ”,
International Scientific Conference - Challenges in Business and Economics: Growth,
Competitiveness and Innovations, Proceedings pp. 279-286, October 16, 2015, Faculty
ШП EМШЧШЦТМs, UЧТvОrsТtв ШП NТš. ISBN: 978-86-6139-115-6
295
1.
• ,
• , , ,
,
,
•
• / , /
.
, ИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИ
: Jo
______________________________
296
2.
: -
: .
, /
.
,
, , ђ
, ,
, .
: Jo
______________________________
297
3.
„ “ ,
, , :
-
/ ,
.
,
,
(CrОКtТvО CШЦЦШЧs), / .
1.
2. -
3. - -
4. - -
5. -
6. -
( ђ ;
).
: Jo
______________________________
298

Doktorat - Jovica Moji

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Doktorat - Jovica Moji

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

-

ovica Тć, MSc

VALORIZATION OF ECONOMIC - GEOGRAPHICAL

Determining the role of tourism in the development of southern Serbia, a

ЋTATEMENT OF MENTOЊ’Ћ CONЋENT FOЊ ЋUBMIЋЋION OF COMPLETED

(MОЧtШr’s sТРЧКturО: ЏuФКšТЧ ŠušТć, ЈСD)

in the function of tourism development"

Keywords: South Serbia, valorization, tourism product, tourism development, tourist

(Butler, R.W., 1980, . 44): , , ,

: Ritchie, Crouch, 2003, . 110-111.

( Ђ., , ., 1997, . 37) .

IUCN, 1996. ( - World Conversation

. 43º 02' 06"

3.520 km² (3,98% ). 7 : ,

300 Ц 10,9 C, 300 Ц 500

11,0 C 22,0 C. 300 Ц

6,4њ ( -3,6њ 16њ

I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII .

130 МЦ. 30 МЦ, ,

90783 53561 37222 317370 261795 55575 4,9 1,5

88179 51368 36811 309658 254834 54824 5,0 1,5

510 445 65 769 698 71 1,6 -

7795 7594 201 51344 50362 982 6,6 4,9

20891 13596 7295 88650 79308 9342 5,8 1,3

408 377 31 2901 2062 839 5,5 27,1

91618 55207 36411 302658 251788 50870 4,6 1,4

88952 52861 36091 295240 244906 50334 4,6 1,4

26 25 1 121 120 1 4,8 -

12535 12185 350 74704 73014 1690 6,0 4,8

20781 13754 7027 82075 72734 9341 5,3 1,3

411 411 - 1129 1129 - 2,7 -

8731 6647 2084 16753 13589 3164 2,0 1,5

68 55 13 169 147 22 2,7 1,7

79631 47551 32080 290984 239298 51686 5,0 1,6

77782 45986 31796 286757 235505 51252 5,1 1,6

11173 10618 555 74564 72027 2537 6,8 4,6

20539 11692 8847 73036 57966 15070 5,0 1,7

565 530 35 2237 2084 153 3,9 4,4

7349 5577 1772 13094 10016 307 1,8 1,7

53 41 12 177 152 25 3,7 2,1

90783 53561 37222 317370 261795 55575 4,9 1,5

23377 21742 1635 118841 114698 4143 5,3 2,5

20891 13596 7295 88650 79308 9342 5,8 1,3

24442 19974 4468 116137 107008 9129 5,4 2,0

160093 108873 50560 640998 562809 78180 5,3 1,8

91618 55207 36411 302658 251788 50870 4,6 1,4

28547 25206 3341 141891 134461 7430 5,3 2,2

20781 13754 7027 82075 72734 9341 5,3 1,3

24511 19704 4807 109110 99311 9799 5,0 2,0

165457 113871 51586 535734 558394 77410 5,0 1,7

79631 47551 32080 290984 239298 51686 5,0 1,6

27887 24458 3429 151360 142221 9139 5,8 2,7

20539 11692 8847 73036 57966 15070 5,0 1,7

21689 16596 5093 88105 79130 8975 4,8 1,8

149946 100297 49449 503485 518616 85870 5,1 1,9

2009 32381 82624 24432928

2011 34014 86069 25851667

2012 32142 82171 26457079

2013/ 45912 38136 7776 118996 106183 12813

58610 29927 28683 92860 46426 46434 1969

18338 16239 2199 194599 190152 4447 2207

12831 10963 1868 60655 55428 5227 1416

11318 10719 599 72564 69516 3048 1094