3416 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, VOL. 63, NO.
10, OCTOBER 2015
Triple- and Quadruple-Mode Wideband Bandpass
Filter Using Simple Perturbation
in Single Metal Cavity
Sai-Wai Wong, Senior Member, IEEE, Shi-Fen Feng, Student Member, IEEE, Lei Zhu, Fellow, IEEE, and
Qing-Xin Chu, Senior Member, IEEE
Abstract—This paper proposes a novel class of wideband metal
cavity multiple-mode bandpass filters (BPFs), consisting of a triple-
mode filter and a quadruple-mode filter. Two degeneration
modes in a single metal cavity are excited by using an off-cen-
tered approach instead of a traditional corner-cut approach. They
work together with the mode to constitute a three-pole wide
passband with a fractional bandwidth of 30% at the central fre-
quency of 3.2 GHz. Moreover, an off-centered metal cylinder can
properly excite an extra mode in the passband. As such,
this mode, mode, and a pair of degeneration
modes can be simultaneously utilized to form a quadruple-mode
BPF. Compared with the triple-mode BPF, the quadruple-mode
BPF has better performance in term of the steepness of rejection
skirt. The fractional bandwidth of this BPF can achieve up to 31%.
In final, the two proposed BPFs are fabricated by using the silver
plated aluminum technology. Measured -parameter frequency
response and group delay have satisfactorily matched with the sim-
ulated results.
Index Terms—Degeneration modes, metal cavity, perturbation,
quadruple-mode, triple-mode, wideband bandpass filter.
I. INTRODUCTION
M ICROWAVE cavity filters are commonly used in the
base station of the wireless communication system,
which have low loss and high power-handling capability.
Traditionally, a single-mode cavity was usually used to design
cavity filters [1]–[3]. In [1], a waveguide-coupled single-mode
four-cavity structure realized a fourth-order narrowband elliptic
bandpass filter. In [2], an inline configuration for a coupled
six-coaxial-cavity filter was developed with six in-band trans-
mission poles and two out-of-band transmission zeros (TZs).
In [3], a wideband waveguide filter was designed by using the
Manuscript received February 28, 2015; revised June 22, 2015; accepted July
17, 2015. Date of publication August 06, 2015; date of current version Oc-
tober 02, 2015. This work was supported in part by the Program for New Cen-
tury Excellent Talents in University under Grant NCET-13-0214 and the Na-
tional Engineering Technology Research Center for Mobile Ultrasonic Detec-
tion and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central University under Grant
2014ZZ0029. (Corresponding author: Sai-Wai Wong.)
S.-W. Wong, S.-F. Feng, and Q.-X. Chu are with the School of Electronic and
Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou
510640, China (e-mail: eewsw@scut.edu.cn; wongsaiwai@ieee.org).
L. Zhu is with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Fac-
ulty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.
Color versions of one or more of the figures in this paper are available online
at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TMTT.2015.2460234
0018-9480 © 2015 IEEE. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission.
See http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/index.html for more information.
filter synthesis method to gain a fractional bandwidth of 10%
on a basis of four metal cavities.
On the other hand, a variety of wideband filters are highly
demanded for fourth-generation (4G) wireless communication,
e.g., long term evolution (LTE) technology, and they are re-
quired to achieve their fractional bandwidth up to 40%. Nowa-
days, many works have been successfully conducted to employ
a few single-mode cavities to explore various multistage band-
pass filters (BPFs) with good filtering performance. However,
these single-mode-cavity BPFs usually suffer from large size
and narrow passband bandwidth. One approach for reducing the
overall size of a filter is to use the so-called multiple-mode res-
onator (MMR) filter [4]–[6]. MMRs can be realized in a metal
cavity by creating degeneration modes in a single resonator. Lin
[7] introduced the first multiple-mode cavity microwave filter in
1951. Later on, some dual- and triple-mode BPFs were realized
by using the perturbation elements, such as corner cuts [7], [8],
irises [9], [10], and screw elements [11]–[14]. The aforemen-
tioned BPFs have exhibited very good filtering performance,
but they are not suitable to design wideband filters with ex-
tended fractional bandwidth. In addition, the cavity BPF with
tunable screw elements increases their complexity of design and
fabrication. To address these problematic issues, a dual-mode
fourth-order cavity filter without tuning screws is presented in
[15]. Recently, a compact quad-mode bandpass filter using mod-
ified coaxial cavity resonator has been reported in [16] with
good performance.
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is little work
about designing single-cavity wideband triple/quadruple-mode
BPFs. Some wideband filters were reportedly developed using
ridge-waveguide [17], [18] or substrate integrated waveguide
(SIW) [19]–[21]. Those technologies are not suitable for de-
signing a wideband filter, except [19], which used the etched
slots on the top of the SIW. However, the work in [19] would
unexpectedly cause extra radiation loss and lower the quality
factor of the resonator.
The primary objective of this work is to explore a novel class
of wideband metal cavity multiple-mode BPFs without any
screws or corner cuts. The proposed structure only uses one or
two perturbation metal cylinders installed at the bottom of a
cylindrical intracavity, and then the cavity employs two straight
metal rods as the two input/output feeding probes. This pertur-
bation method is different from the common method used in
other literatures, e.g., in [22]. In this context, the two orthogonal
WONG et al.: TRIPLE- AND QUADRUPLE-MODE WIDEBAND BPF USING SIMPLE PERTURBATION IN SINGLE METAL CAVITY
Fig. 1. Configuration of the proposed triple-mode filter. (a) Top view.
(b) Three-dimensional view.
modes are excited in a waveguide cylindrical cavity with
coupling controlled by a tuning screw at an angle of 135 to the
port connectors respectively. Due to the simplicity of our pro-
posed structure, the proposed filter can be fabricated easily with
low-cost. Finally, a triple-mode filter with single perturbation
metal cylinder is designed with fractional bandwidth of 30%.
With the same cavity dimension, two smaller metal cylinders
are used to excite an additional resonant mode ( mode) to
replace the single metal cylinder in the triple-mode filter. Thus,
a quadruple-mode wideband filter is developed with slightly
larger fractional bandwidth of 31% and a higher selectivity. To
execute experimental verification on the predicted frequency
response, two filter prototypes are fabricated, and the measured
-parameter is found in reasonably good agreement with the
simulated result.
II. TRIPLE-MODE FILTER ANALYSIS
The proposed triple-mode wideband filter is made of metal
cylindrical waveguide cavity. Fig. 1(a) and (b) shows the top-
view and three-dimensional (3-D) view of the proposed triple-
mode filter, respectively. The height of the intracavity and the
diameter are about ( represents the wavelength at the
center frequency). Two ports are oriented with angle of 90 on
the sidewall of metal cavity using the simple 50- coaxial line
as a feeder. The inner conductor of two coaxial feed lines is
extended into the cavity as coupling probes for excitation of
resonant modes. A perturbation metal cylinder is fixed on the
bottom of the intracavity with off-centered position as shown in
Fig. 1(a).
Observing the field distribution of resonant modes, the first
three corresponding resonant modes are known as one
mode and two orthogonal TE modes (degenerated modes:
mode and mode). The three resonant modes are analyzed
with resorting to their respective electric and magnetic field dis-
tribution as shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 2(a) depicts the cutting plane
– for analysis of field distribution under operation of these
resonant modes. Fig. 2(b)–2(d) shows the magnetic field distri-
bution of the TM mode, the electric field distribution of
mode, and the electric field distribution of mode along
plane, respectively. Comparing the two TE modes, the
electric field distributions of and modes are iden-
tical in configuration, but their orientations are orthogonal to
each other, as shown in Fig. 2(a). Meanwhile, the field of TM
3417
Fig. 2. (a) Cutting plane for displaying the field distribution. (b) Magnetic field
distribution of TM mode at – plane. (c) Electric field distribution of
mode at – plane. (d) Electric field distribution of TE- mode at – plane.
mode is orthogonal to both the field of and mode,
e.g., , as shown in Fig. 2(a).
In this work, a wideband filter is realized from the proposed
structure of the triple-mode filter with two orthogonal
modes excited by a tight coupling with both input/output port
connectors. The resonant frequency of TM mode is controlled
by the height of off-centered cylinder (parameter in Fig. 1),
e.g., when the value of increases, the TM mode shifts to lower
frequency as shown in Fig. 3(a).
Meanwhile, the variations on the external quality factor
of the three resonant modes (TM mode, mode and
mode) are extracted in Fig. 3(b) and (c) to provide a visible
demonstration on the coupling between input/output port con-
nectors with the three resonant modes. When the value of
is less than 5 mm, the TM mode is much larger than TE mode
in terms of , e.g., 2 mm . In this
case, the TM mode is weakly coupled with two external ports.
Fig. 3(c) depicts the of the three resonant modes. The value
of is very large when the length of the two coupling probes
(parameter in Fig. 1(a)) is less than 6 mm. When the value
of increases larger than 15 mm, the of each mode is
less than 50. Thus, this inspires us to choose 9 mm
and 15 mm to guarantee good triple-mode wideband
performance.
Furthermore, the length of two coupling probes (parameter
) and the offset distance (parameter ) between the metal
cylinder and the center of intracavity are the two key parame-
ters to control the coupling among these three resonant modes.
For analyzing the MMR, the mode chart is utilized herein as a
very useful tool [5]. Fig. 4 shows the mode chart of first four
resonant modes with normalized to the fundamental frequency
. Fig. 4(b) shows the mode chart of five normalized reso-
nant modes against the varied parameter with 0 mm
(the minus sign of is on behalf of the opposite direction) as
3418 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, VOL. 63, NO. 10, OCTOBER 2015
Fig. 3. (a) Variation on resonant frequency of three resonant modes against
the value of . (b) Varied external quality factors of three resonant modes
against the value of . (c) Varied external quality factors of three resonant
modes against the value of .
marked in Fig. 4(a). When the offset value of closes zero, the
two degeneration modes ( mode and mode) tend to
merge together. Furthermore, the two degeneration modes grad-
ually separate apart when the perturbation metal cylinder moves
away from the center of the metal cavity.
Meanwhile, the offset value of should not be selected too
large, in order to avoid a poor upper-stopband as the fourth reso-
nant mode moves towards the third resonant mode. For demon-
stration of our further analysis, we choose the – plane
as shown in Fig. 4(b) for. The mode chart of four nor-
malized resonant modes against the varied extended length of
the two coupling probes is depicted in Fig. 4(c). The curves
start at the plane of – plane in Fig. 4(b). When the value of
increases larger than 13 mm, the two degeneration modes sepa-
rate apart rapidly. In this way, we can use the first three resonant
Fig. 4. Mode chart of the normalized resonant frequencies of first four resonant
modes with triple-mode filter. (a) The top view structure of the proposed triple-
mode filter cavity with off-center cylinder. (b) Change of the off-center distance
. (c) Change of the length of feeding probe .
modes to design a triple-mode BPF by evenly distributing the
three resonant modes within the passband. At the same time, the
higher order mode is moved far away from the first three reso-
nant modes so as to achieve a wide upper stopband. This BPF
with triple-mode is achieved by properly choosing the offset dis-
tance and the length of the two coupling probes as initial values.
The full-wave simulation EM software CST is used to opti-
mize the overall structure. The final optimized dimensions near
the vertical plane in Fig. 4(c) are obtained. Those associ-
ated dimensions are , , , ,
, (all in mm), and the simulated result is
shown in Fig. 5 with lower and upper stopband rejection larger
than 30 dB and the return loss better than 27 dB. Two TZs are
realized at the lower and upper stopbands of the filter by using
the source-load coupling between two orthogonally feed cou-
pling probes. It is illustrated in Fig. 5 that the TZ of higher fre-
quency is controlled by the height of cavity (parameter ). The
larger value, the lower frequency of TZ is. Thus, the proposed
triple-mode filter is elaborately invented by introducing a simple
perturbation. The three external quality factors of the three res-
onant modes are extracted: , ,
WONG et al.: TRIPLE- AND QUADRUPLE-MODE WIDEBAND BPF USING SIMPLE PERTURBATION IN SINGLE METAL CAVITY
Fig. 5. Simulated results of the triple-mode filter with varied values of .
Fig. 6. Configuration of the proposed quadruple-mode filter. (a) Top view.
(b) Three-dimensional view.
, and their unloaded quality factors are accord-
ingly extracted: 4828, 4672, and 4941, respectively.
III. QUADRUPLE-MODE FILTER ANALYSIS
The metal cavity of the proposed triple-mode filter in
Section II is used to design a quadruple-mode wideband BPF.
The proposed quadruple-mode filter is realized by replacing the
single perturbation metal cylinder in triple-mode filter with two
smaller perturbation metal cylinders. These two perturbation
metal cylinders are located symmetrically along the symmet-
rical plane of the input and output port connectors as shown
in Fig. 6(a). It is noteworthy that the dimension of cylindrical
cavity of quadruple-mode filter is exactly the same as that
used in the triple-mode filter in Section II. Fig. 6(b) shows the
3-D view of the proposed quadruple-mode wideband bandpass
filter.
Observing the field distribution in Fig. 7, the first four reso-
nant modes of the quadruple mode filter are known as one
mode, one mode and two orthogonal TE modes (degen-
erated modes: mode and mode). The four resonant
modes are analyzed using electric and magnetic field distribu-
tion as shown in Fig. 7. Fig. 7(a) shows the cutting plane
for field analysis. Fig. 7(b)–(e) show the magnetic field distri-
bution of mode, the magnetic field distribution of
mode, the electric field distribution of mode, and the elec-
tric field distribution of mode along plane, respec-
tively. Compared with the triple-mode filter in Section II, three
of the resonant modes are the same. The only difference is that
3419
Fig. 7. (a) Cutting plane for displaying the field distribution. (b) Magnetic field
distribution of mode at plane. (c) Magnetic field distribution of
mode at plane. (d) Electric field distribution of mode at
plane. (e) Electric field distribution of mode at plane.
one more TM mode is excited in the quadruple-mode filter as
shown in Fig. 7(c). Its electric field vector is marked as .
Besides the length of the two coupling probes (parameter
), the offset distance (parameter ) between the metal
cylinder and the center of intra-cavity has been discussed in the
triple-mode filter. The distance (parameter ) between the two
perturbation metal cylinders of the intra-cavity is also the key
parameter in designing of this quadruple-mode filter as shown
in Fig. 8(a) and (b). Fig. 8(c) shows the mode chart of the first
five resonant modes against the varied parameter (whereas
0 mm). When the value gets close to zero, the two per-
turbation metal cylinders are completely overlapped to merge
the two degeneration modes. The two degeneration modes
separate apart rapidly when the increases. There is a sharp
change of curve near the plane in Fig. 8(c) when the
two cylinders are separated ( the radius of perturbation
metal cylinder ). This sharp change appears as the two small
metal cylinders are completely separated. Moreover, a new
resonant mode ( mode) is excited between the
mode and mode when the two perturbation cylinders are
separated. This gives us a hint to change the resonant mode
frequencies by properly choosing the physical dimension.
Meanwhile, choosing the plane 5.5 mm in Fig. 8(c),
3420 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, VOL. 63, NO. 10, OCTOBER 2015
Fig. 8. Mode chart of the normalized resonant frequencies of first five reso-
nant modes with quadruple-mode filter. (a) Relative distance of two perturbation
cylinders. (b) Top view structure of the proposed quadruple-mode filter cavity
with two offset-center cylinders. (c) Change of distance between the two per-
turbations cylinders. (d) Change of the length of the two coupling probes . (e)
Change of the offset-center distance .
the mode chart of five normalized resonant modes against the
varied length of two coupling probes is plotted as shown
in Fig. 8(d). The value of needs to be chosen appropri-
ately. As is equal to approximately 18 mm, the first four
resonant modes frequencies are evenly spaced. In addition,
Fig. 8(e) shows the mode chart of five normalized resonant
modes against the varied off-centered distance (parameter )
Fig. 9. Simulated results of the triple-mode and the quadruple-mode filter.
Fig. 10. Simulated results (dashed line) and measured results (solid line) re-
flection and transmission coefficients of the triple-mode filter.
of the two metal cylinders near plane in the Fig. 8(d). The
two degeneration modes are separated further apart when the
two perturbation metal cylinders move away from the center of
the metal intracavity. However, for simplifying our fabrication,
we choose the value of 0 mm, as the value of can be
satisfactorily changed to obtain the desired mode distribution.
In this way, we use the first four resonant modes to design a
quadruple-mode wideband BPF by choosing the associated
dimensions near the plane in Fig. 8(d). They are ,
, , , , and (all
in mm), and the respective simulated -parameters are shown
in Fig. 9. Furthermore, Fig. 9 shows that the quadruple-mode
wideband BPF can achieve a larger fractional bandwidth and a
higher selectivity than its triple-mode filter counterpart. Finally,
the proposed quadruple-mode filter is elaborately invented
by only modifying the single perturbation metal cylinder in
the triple-mode filter to two perturbation metal cylinders.
External quality factors of four resonant modes are extracted:
, , , and
, and their unloaded quality factors are ex-
tracted: 5047, 4654, 4952, and 4742, respectively. The average
value of unloaded quality factors with the proposed quadruple
filter is very close to that of the triple-mode one because of the
same volumetric cavity.
IV. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
A. Triple-Mode Filter
Fig. 10 shows the simulated results and the measured results
of the designed triple-mode wideband filter. The filter is de-
signed at the center frequency of 3.2 GHz, and the fractional
bandwidth is 30%. The measured insertion loss is 0.5 dB at
WONG et al.: TRIPLE- AND QUADRUPLE-MODE WIDEBAND BPF USING SIMPLE PERTURBATION IN SINGLE METAL CAVITY 3421

Fig. 11. Analysis of transmission zeros shift of the triple-mode filter. (a) Effect of the gap between perturbation cylinder and the bottom of the intracavity. (b)
Effect of the length of two coupling probes.

the central frequency, whereas the simulated minimum inser-

tion loss is 0.1 dB. The discrepancies between the measurement
and the simulation may be due to the extra loss from the two
SMA connectors, the roughness and the small gap between each
metal components with the bottom of an intra-cavity. The mea-
sured return loss is better than 20 dB, a lower stopband rejection
is greater than 34 dB below 2 GHz and an upper stopband rejec-
tion is greater than 33 dB from 4.2 to 4.75 GHz. In addition, the
group delay within the passband varies within 0.6 ns, demon-
strating a good linearity. The measured results reasonably match
with the simulated results. Due to the source-load coupling,
there are two transmission zeros located at the lower and upper
stopbands, respectively, as can be observed in Fig. 11. How-
ever, the TZ at the lower stopband is slightly deviated between
the measured and simulated result as shown in Fig. 11. One of
the reasons is that, during the installation, the metal cylinder
with perturbation generates a gap (parameter ) between the
bottom of intracavity as shown in Fig. 11(a). The other reason Fig. 12. Photograph of the fabricated triple-mode filter.
is that there is a slight deviation between the two hand-soldered
probes (parameter ) for coupling and its numerical model in
simulation. Thus, the TZ becomes visibly shifted. To demon-
strate this error in installation, the effect of this gap and the
length of the two coupling probes are further investigated, re-
spectively. The relevant simulated is plotted in Fig. 11. In
Fig. 11(a), when the gap increases from 0 to 0.2 mm, the two
TZs are both shifted to lower frequency. The TZ at the lower
stopband moves to lower frequency as shown in Fig. 11(b) when
the parameter decreases. The above discussion demonstrates
that the frequency shift of TZ is mainly caused by the gap in-
stalled between the perturbation metal cylinder and the bottom
of the metal cavity, and the length of the two coupling probes. Fig. 13. Simulated results (dashed line) and measured results (solid line) of
reflection and transmission coefficients of the quadruple-mode filter.
The problem in frequency shift can be solved by fabricating the
perturbation metal cylinder with the bottom of intracavity as
a whole and using the customized coupling probes with SMA designed at the central frequency of 3.3 GHz with the fractional
connectors. The photograph of the fabricated triple-mode filter bandwidth of 31%. The central frequency is found to be slightly
prototype is shown in Fig. 12. The filter is fabricated using the shifted to higher frequency comparing with the triple-mode
silver-plated aluminum. filter due to its widened bandwidth. The measured insertion
loss is 0.5 dB in the central frequency. The measured return
B. Quadruple-Mode Filter loss is better than 15 dB, a lower stopband rejection is greater
Fig. 13 shows the simulated and measured results of the than 30 dB below 2 GHz, and an upper stopband rejection is
designed quadruple-mode filter. The quadruple-mode filter is greater than 18 dB from 4.0 to 4.6 GHz. In addition, the group
3422
Fig. 14. Analysis of transmission zeros shift of the quadruple-mode filter. (a) The effect of the gap between perturbation cylinders and the bottom of intra-cavity.
(b) The effect of the length of the two coupling probes.
Fig. 15. Photograph of the fabricated quadruple-mode filter.
TABLE I
COMPARISON AMONG THE CAVITY FILTERS
delay within the passband varies within 0.8 ns, demonstrating
a good linearity. The measured results reasonably match with
the simulated results. However, there is slight discrepancies
between the measurement and the simulation due to the extra
loss from the two SMA connectors, the roughness, and the
small gap (parameter ) between each metal components of
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, VOL. 63, NO. 10, OCTOBER 2015
the metal intracavity, and the length of two coupling probes
(parameter ). The relevant simulated , as plotted in
Fig. 14(a) and (b), demonstrate a frequency shift in TZs.
Comparing with the triple-mode filter, the fractional bandwidth
of this quadruple-mode filter increases up to 31%, and the
steepness of the rejection skirt performance is improved. The
photograph of the fabricated quadruple-mode BPF prototype is
shown in Fig. 15. A performance comparison with the previous
work is listed in Table I. As can be observed, the proposed filter
has superior performance in term of fractional bandwidth and
structure simplicity.
V. CONCLUSION
This paper has presented a class of metal cavity wideband
multiple-mode bandpass filter based on the off-centered per-
turbation metal cylinder configuration. It is confirmed that the
simple structure of the triple-mode and the quadruple-mode
cavity bandpass filters without any tuning elements is feasible.
The perturbation cylinder can improve the filter performance
by increasing the number of cylinder from one to two. To verify
the predicted results, the two proposed filters are fabricated
and measured. The measured results of these two filters have
low insertion loss 0.5 dB , good return loss 15 dB
and wide fractional bandwidth . In addition, the two
proposed filters have inquired no tunable components, such
as screws, iris or corner cuts for perturbation. Because of the
simple structure, low cost, and easy fabrication, the usefulness
of the two proposed filters have been confirmed.
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[22] K. G. H. Leng, Z. X. Shen, and A. Khong, “A new probe-excited
dual-mode cavity filter,” Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 38, no. 4,
pp. 335–337, Aug. 2003.
Sai-Wai Wong (S'06–M'09–SM'14) received the
B.S degree in electronic engineering from Hong
Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong
Kong, in 2003, and the M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in
communication engineering from Nanyang Tech-
nological University, Singapore, in 2006 and 2009,
respectively.
Since 2014, he has been a Full Professor and from
2010 to 2014 he was an Associate Professor with the
School of Electronic and Information Engineering,
South China University of Technology, Guangzhou,
3423
China. From July 2003 to July 2005, he was an Electronic Engineering with two
manufacturing companies in Hong Kong. From May 2009 to October 2010, he
was a Research Fellow with the Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore.
His research interests include microwave passive components and wideband
antenna design.
Prof. Wong is a reviewer for the IEEE MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS
COMPONENTS LETTERS, the IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY
AND TECHNIQUES, and the IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPONENTS, PACKAGING
ND MANUFACTURING. He was the recipient of the New Century Excellent
Talents in University (NCET) Award in 2013.
Shi-fen Feng (S'15) was born in Jiujiang, Jiangxi
Province, China, in September 1991. He received the
B.S. degree in information engineering from South
China Agricultural University, Guangdong, China,
in 2014. He is currently working toward the M.S.
degree at South China University of Technology,
Guangzhou, China.
His current research interests include cavity mi-
crowave filters and diplexers design.
Lei Zhu (S'91–M'93–SM'00–F'12) received the
B.Eng. and M.Eng. degrees in radio engineering
from the Nanjing Institute of Technology (now
Southeast University), Nanjing, China, in 1985 and
1988, respectively, and the Ph.D. degree in electronic
engineering from the University of Electro-Commu-
nications, Tokyo, Japan, in 1993.
From 1993 to 1996, he was a Research Engineer
with Matsushita-Kotobuki Electronics Industries
Ltd., Tokyo, Japan. From 1996 to 2000, he was a
Research Fellow with the École Polytechnique de
Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada. From 2000 to 2013, he was an Associate
Professor with the School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang
Technological University, Singapore. Since August 2013, he has been a
Professor with the Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau,
Macau, China. Since September 2014, he has been serving as the Head of
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Macau. So
far, he has authored or coauthored over 260 papers in peer-reviewed journals
and conference proceedings. His papers have been cited more than 3200 times
with the H-index of 31 (source: ISI Web of Science). His research interests
include microwave circuits, guided-wave periodic structures, antennas, and
computational electromagnetic techniques.
Dr. Zhu was an associate editor for the IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE
THEORY AND TECHNIQUES (2010–2013) and the IEEE MICROWAVE AND
WIRELESS COMPONENTS LETTERS (2006–2012). He served as a General
Chair of the 2008 IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society (MTT-S)
International Microwave Workshop Series on the Art of Miniaturizing RF and
Microwave Passive Components, Chengdu, China, and a Technical Program
Committee Co-Chair of the 2009 Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference, Singa-
pore. He was the recipient of the 1997 Asia–Pacific Microwave Prize Award,
the 1996 Silver Award of Excellent Invention from Matsushita-Kotobuki
Electronics Industries Ltd., and the 1993 First-Order Achievement Award in
Science and Technology from the National Education Committee, China.
3424 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, VOL. 63, NO. 10, OCTOBER 2015
Qing-Xin Chu (M'99–SM'11) received the B.S,
M.E., and Ph.D. degrees in electronic engineering
from Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China, in
1982, 1987, and 1994, respectively.
He is currently a Full Professor with the School
of Electronic and Information Engineering, South
China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
He is also the Director of the Research Institute
of Antennas and RF Techniques, South China
University of Technology. From January 1982 to
January 2004, he was with the School of Electronic
Engineering, Xidian University. From 1997 to 2004, he was a Professor
and later the Vice-Dean with the School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian
University. From July 1995 to September 1998 and July to October 2002,
he was a Research Associate and Visiting Professor with the Department of
Electronic Engineering, Chinese University of Hong Kong, respectively. From
February to May 2001 and December 2002 to March 2003, he was a Research
Fellow and Visiting Professor with the Department of Electronic Engineering,
City University of Hong Kong, respectively. From July to October 2004,
he visited the School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang
Technological University, Singapore. From January to March 2005, he visited
the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Okayama University.
From June to July 2008, he was also a Visiting Professor with the Ecole
Polytechnique de I'Universite de Nantes, Nantes, France. He has authored or
coauthored over 300 papers in journals and conferences. His current research
interests include antennas in mobile communication, microwave filters, spatial
power-combining array, and numerical techniques in electromagnetics.
Prof. Chu is a Senior Member of the China Electronic Institute. He was the
recipient of the Tan Chin Tuan Exchange Fellowship Award, a Japan Society for
Promotion of Science Fellowship, the 2002 and 2008 Top-Class Science Award
of the Education Ministry of China, and the 2003 First-Class Educational Award
of Shanxi Province.