University of Okara

Lecturer’s Name: SIR FIDA-UL-MUSTAFA

Assignment Title: ESSAY WRITING

Programme: BS(Hons.)

Department: ZOOLOGY

Semester: THIRD

Group : FOUR(4)

Due Date: 30-11-2018

Date of Submission: 30-11-2018

GROUP DETAILS

Roll number: 1 0 0 1 Student name: KINZA GUL

Roll number: 1 0 1 8 Student name: ZUNAIRA ZAFAR
Roll number: 1 0 2 8 Student name: UROOJ HAMEED
Roll number: 1 0 3 9 Student name: AHMAD RAZA
Roll number: 1 0 5 3 Student name: SNABAL MAQBOOL
Table of Contents

Definition ......................................................................................................................... 1
Types and kinds of essays .............................................................................................. 1
Format of an essay.......................................................................................................... 3
Researching on internet .................................................................................................. 4
Tips for essay writing....................................................................................................... 5
Why is writing an essay so frustrating? ........................................................................... 6
 ESSAY WRITING

ESSAY WRITING:

DEFINITION:

An essay is generally a short piece of writing outlining the writer’s perspective or story. It is
often considered synonymous with a story or a paper or an article.

HISTORY OF ESSAY WRITING:

The word essay derived from French word essayer which means “to attempt or to try”. A
famous English essayist Aldous Huxely defined essay as “a literary device for saying almost
everything. The Oxford Dictionary described it as “a short piece of writing on particular
subject”.

KINDS OF ESSAY:

There are two kinds of essay.

 Formal essay
 Informal essay

FORMAL ESSAY:

Formal essays are generally academic in nature and tackle with serious topic.

INFORMAL ESSAY:

Informal essays which are more personal and often have humorous elements.

TYPES OF ESSAY:

There are two kinds of essay literary and non-literary essay. Following are literary essay.There
are six type of essay:

 Expository essay
 Descriptive essay
 Narrative essay

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 Reflective essay
 Imaginative essay
 Persuasive essay

EXPOSITORY ESSAY:

In expository essay, the writers give an explanation on idea, themes or issue to the audience by
giving his personal opinion. This essay is represented by comparison, contrast, definition and
examples. For example:

 Textbook writing
 Business, technical, or scientific writing

NARRATIVE ESSAY:

Narrative essay is non-fiction but describes a story with sensory description. The writer not only
tells a story, but also makes a point by giving reasons. For example:

 My first day at college

 Your favourite birthday party

DESCRIPTIVE ESSAY:

As it sounds, this type of essay gives a description on a particular topic, or describes the traits
and characteristics of something or a person in detail. It allows artistic freedom, and creates
images in the minds of reader through the five senses. For example:

 Poetry`
 Journal or diary writing

PERSUASIVE ESSAY:

In this type of essay, writers try to convince the readers to adopt his point of view on an issue. It
requires a lot of research to claim and defend an idea. It is also called argumentative essay.

 Stop smoking
 Obesity is harmful for health

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REFLECTIVE ESSAY:

This type of essay is abstract in nature. It consists of reflection of ideas or thoughts of writer. For
example:

 Cricket match
 Football match

IMAGINATIVE ESSAY:

Imaginative essay reflect the imagination of writer. This type of essay based on imagination. It is
basically a work of fiction. For example:

 If I were a millionaire
 If I were a doctor

FORMAT OF AN ESSAY:

. INTRODUCTION:

 The introductory paragraph should set out why the subject is important, where the focus
of the essay question lies.
 It is the point at which you try to capture the reader’s attention. Therefore, it is not
advisable to fill the first paragraph with long ‘background’ narratives, gross
overstatements or irrelevant information.
 The introduction may consist of a definition, a quotation, proverb, very brief story or
general remark leading up the subject.

BODY OF THE ESSAY:

 It is in the body of your essay that you should use the factual details and sources you
discovered in your research to give your points weight and strength.
 The golden rule: 1 idea = 1 paragraph.
 The paragraphs should be well constructed and should be related to each other according
to the direction of your outline. Avoid padding and keep to the point.

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 Avoid to use of unnecessary words.

 There must be unity, variety, logical thoughts in the paragraphs.

CONCLUSION:

 The conclusion brings closure of the topic and sums up your overall ideas while
providing a final perspective on your topic.
 Your conclusion should consist of three to five strong sentences.
 Simply review your main points and provide reinforcement of your thesis.
 A good conclusion may consist of summing up of the arguments, final conclusion drawn
from the subject, a suitable conclusion.

TIPS FOR WRITING AN ESSAY:

Writing an essay often seems to be a dreadful task among students. They do not easily find
anything to say about a subject. This is natural because their experience and general readings are
limited. All of the difficulties you have to face while writing an essay can be solved if you follow
the following tips:

 READING:
If you want to write good essays you must acquire a lot of reading because a good reader
is always a good writer.

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 OBSERVATION:
But all knowledge does not come from books. We may learn much from the life around
us. We understand the things more quickly by taking observation.
 CONVERSATON:
Listen to people conversation and discuss subjects that interest you, with your friends. In
this way, you enrich your mind with ideas and knowledge.
 PRACTICE:
Practice makes a man perfect is a famous proverb. Essay writing is one of the good
strategies to enhance English writing skill. Therefore, it is too much necessary to practice
writing an essay.
 BEGIN WITH AN ATTENTION GRABBER:
Give your essays an interesting and appropriate title. It will help draw the attention of the
reader and increase their curiosity.
 ASK QUESTIONS:
Ask question related to the topic and find answers to them.
 VOCABULARY:
Use appropriate words and good vocabulary so that your essay may have an impressive
look.
 COMMAND ON GRAMMER:
Ensure that words are spelt right and sentences are grammatically correct.
 ADD HUMOUR:
Writing must be enjoyable for the reader. A bit of humor can be included in the sentences
to make it lively.
 PUNCTUATION:
Check punctuation, spelling, capitalization and flow of essay.

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RESEARCHING ON INTERNET:
 USE A VARIETY OF SEARCH ENGINES:
Assuming you've been given a topic your first task is to research this topic. You will not
be able to write intelligently about a topic you know nothing about. To discover
worthwhile insights, you'll have to do some patient reading. When you conduct research,
move from light to thorough resources to make sure you're moving in the right direction.
Begin by doing searches on the Internet about your topic to familiarize yourself with the
basic issues; then move to more thorough research on the Academic Databases; finally,
probe the depths of the issue by burying yourself in the library. Make sure that despite
beginning on the Internet, you don't simply end there.
 LOOK AT SITE’S QUALITY:
With all the returns from your searches, you'll doubtless pull in a bundle of sites, and like
a fisherman on a boat, your job will be to sort through the trash. The degree of
professional design and presentation of a site should speak somewhat towards the
content. Sites with black backgrounds are usually entertainment sites, while those with
white backgrounds are more information based. Sites with colorful and garish
backgrounds are probably made by novice designers. Also pay attention to the domain
types. You should know that:
 .com = commercial
 .org = organization
 .gov = government
 .edu = education
 .net = network
The domain type indicates a possible bias toward the information. Obviously an .org site
on animal rights is going to be a bit slanted towards one side of the issue. And if the sites
try to sell you something, like many of the "sponsored listings" that appear on the top of
the hits list with search engines, avoid them.
 MIX UP YOUR SEARCH WORDS:
If you're getting too many hits, enter more keywords in the search box. If you aren't
getting enough hits, enter fewer keywords in the search box. Also try inputting the same

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concept but in different words and phrases. Finally, know that some search engines
specialize in specific types of content, so if you don't have much success with one search
engine, try another.
 DON’T LIMIT YOURSELF TO THE INTERNET:
While it's fun to surf the net and discover new sites with information relevant to your
topic, don't limit yourself to the Internet. Internet is a medium open to publication by all
if your essay is backed by research only from internet it won't be as convincing as it
would be with more academic journals. Academic journals and books have better
research and a more thorough treatment of the topics.

WHY IS WRITING AN ESSAY SO FRUSTATING?

Learning how to write an essay can be a maddening, exasperating process, but it doesn't have to
be. If you know the steps and understand what to do, writing can be easy and even fun.
OVERVIEW OF ESSAY WRITING STEPS:
Below are brief summaries of each of the ten steps to writing an essay:
 RESEARCH:
Begin the essay writing process by researching your topic, making yourself an expert.
Utilize the internet, the academic databases, and the library. Take notes and immerse
yourself in the words of great thinkers.
 ANALYSIS:
Now that you have a good knowledge base, start analyzing the arguments of the essays
you're reading. Clearly define the claims, write out the reasons, the evidence. Look for
weaknesses of logic, and also strengths. Learning how to write an essay begins by
learning how to analyze essays written by others.
 BRAINSTORMING:
Your essay will require insight of your own, genuine essay-writing brilliance. Ask
yourself a dozen questions and answer them. Meditate with a pen in your hand. Take
walks and think and think until you come up with original insights to write about.

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 THESIS:
Pick your best idea and pin it down in a clear assertion that you can write your entire
essay around. Your thesis is your main point, summed up in a concise sentence that lets
the reader know where you're going, and why. It's practically impossible to write a good
essay without a clear thesis.
 OUTLINE:
Sketch out your essay before straightway writing it out. Use one-line sentences to
describe paragraphs, and bullet points to describe what each paragraph will contain. Play
with the essay's order. Map out the structure of your argument, and make sure each
paragraph is unified.
 MLA STYLE:
Format your essay according to the correct guidelines for citation. All borrowed ideas
and quotations should be correctly cited in the body of your text, followed up with a
Works Cited (references) page listing the details of your sources.
 LANGUAGE:
You're not done writing your essay until you've polished your language by correcting the
grammar, making sentences flow, incorporating rhythm, emphasis, and making other
intuitive edits. Proofread until it reads just how you want it to sound.
 WRITE DOWN QUOTATIONS:
As you read about your topic, keep a piece of paper and pen handy to write down
interesting quotations you find. Make sure you write down the source and transcribe
quotations accurately. Don't overuse them and only use quotations sparingly.
 TAKE A LITTLE FROM A LOT:
As you integrate research, take a little from a lot This is the best advice there is about
researching. Too many quotations from one source, however reliable the source, will
make your essay seem unoriginal and borrowed. Too few sources and you may come off
sounding inexperienced. When you have a lot of small quotations from numerous
sources, you will seem -- if not be -- well-read, knowledgeable, and credible as you write
about your topic."Write something to suit yourself and many people will like it; write
something to suit everybody and scarcely anyone will care for it." ( Jesse Stuart)