HISTO REVIEWER

HISTORY
⁃ documented events that happened in the Past
⁃ timeline / chronology- dates
⁃ Pleasant and Unpleasant Histories

Sources
1.) Primary - first-hand, eye-witness of the events
ex. Interviews, diaries,letters, fossils, speech, autobiographies
2.) Secondary
ex. textbooks,magazines,articles
3.) Tertiary Source- general reference
ex. Card Catalogue

Examining and Analyzing Historical Sources

1. External Criticism - authenticity (lower criticism)
⁃ validity and reliability
⁃ who made the document?, When did he do it?, Was the author living when he made the
document?
1. Internal Criticism - reliability & credibillity, is it biased?, (higher criticism)

*National Archives of the Philippines

Documents found in it:
ex. Cedularios,Bautismos, Memorias, Polos y Servicios

ARTIFACTS AND FOSSILS

Angono Petroglyphs
⁃ 5000 BC in Angono Rizal
Manunggul Jar
⁃ carcass is put inside the jar; anito
Baybayin
⁃ Rolando Borrinaga, Bisayan and it informs the reader that the vessel is sacred to them
Butuan Silver Strip
⁃ found inside the coffin dating back 1000 AD; Jess Tirol
Butuan Ivory Seals
⁃ used to trade or to show ownership of the items
Laguna Copper plates
⁃ found in river bed of Lumban. Written in old malay

Friar Juan Placensia

⁃ Missionary and a Franciscan

Yadao,Denise
⁃ customs: detailed account
⁃ Social Class : slaves, commoners, nobles (Maharlika)
⁃ divorce, dowry,treatments, inheritance, superstitious beliefs, burying the dead

Father Pedro Chirino

⁃ Jesuit priest, writer and a Historian (Relacion de las Islas Filipinas)
⁃ customs
⁃ summarized and synthesized the experiences
⁃ baths,languages,letters

Jones Law Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916

⁃ make them fit for self government after the fashion of really free nations. (Theodore
Roosevelt,1901)
⁃ Philippines are at present our frontier to deprive ourselves of that frontier. (Woodrow
Wilson, 1912)
⁃ August 29 1916
⁃ Signed by William Atkinson Jones and the bill passes in October 1913
⁃ US Law by President Wilson on August 29 1916
⁃ Jones Law facilitated gradual transition of the Philippines to Independence
⁃ - established rights of its citizens
⁃ - replaced the Philippine Organic Act of 1902
⁃ Replaced the Philippine Commission with Senate of the Philippines and Philippine
Assembly with the house of Representatives

Jones Law Established

⁃ first fully elected Philippine Legislature
⁃ Freedom of Religion
⁃ Uniform Tax
⁃ Tariff Law

Three Main Provisions:

⁃ The Tydings Mcduffie Act
⁃ The Author’s Main Point of View
* Main objective in writing the article
* does the author seek to persuade,convince, to identify the problem
* the forms of evidence used

Kartilya ng Katipunan
⁃ Emilio Jacinto ( author of Kartilya ng Katipunan)

Yadao,Denise
⁃ Pseudonym: Dimasilaw
⁃ Utak ng KAtipunan
⁃ Writer in the official Katipunan Newspaper, the Kalayaan

Content Analysis:
⁃ teachings of KKK
⁃ 14 rules that a member must embody
⁃ genuine love for the native land and compassion to people
⁃ found in the minutes of the Supreme Assembly on December 1895
⁃ potential recruits and members of KKK
⁃ Katapusang pamamahayag sa pagpasok sa K. (Artemio Ricarte 1899)

Author’s Main Argument or POV

⁃ provide code of conduct
⁃ solution regards the colonization of the Spaniards
⁃ guide the new members of the association
⁃ author is credible: primary source

Primary Source Analysis

⁃ kartilya is a solid documentation
⁃ possible solution to encourage to fight against colonization
⁃ bring together the Tagalogs by Emilio Jacinto to fight against Spain.

Ang Dapat Mabatid ng mga Pilipino

Content Analysis
⁃ Prehispanic Era- What should we do according to Bonifacio
⁃ Emotional basis targeted at persuading Filipinos
⁃ Nationalist Filipino Social Status of Bonifacio
⁃ Filipino’s Life in the Spanish Occupation
⁃ Too much reliance only on Bonifacio’s perspective of the Status quo
⁃ essay
⁃ published under the nom de plume Agapito Bagumbayan March 1896 (sole issue of
Kalayaan)
⁃ Author is Andres Bonifaio y De Castro
⁃ Intended Audience are the Filipinos
⁃ opened the eyes of countrymen to lift up their nationalism

Author’s Main Argument

⁃ masamang karanasan ng may-akda
⁃ maganda ang kalayaan ng Pilipinas bago pa dumating ang mga kastila.
Yadao,Denise
⁃ hindi pagkakaibigan ngunit pang-aalipin ang ibinigay

Concrete Details
⁃ unang bhagi ng sanaysay ay isnilaysay ang katayuan ng mga Pilipino bago pa man
dumating ang mga Kastila
⁃ “Pacto de Sangre” ay naganap noong 1565 sa Bohol. Ito ang nagbibigay-diin ng
kanilang pagtatraydor.

Analyzing the Text

⁃ revolves around the life of Filipinos
⁃ brave enough to speak up : Andres Boni
⁃ persuade the tagalogs
⁃ compare the condition of the Philippines before and after Spain
⁃ wants to eye the injustices of the Filipnos

Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa

⁃ poem of Andres Bonifacion in relation to the experiences of the Filipinos during the
Spanish Era.

Campaign Posters During the Japanese Period

⁃ December 8 1941 invasion
⁃ 10 hours after the attack on Pearl Harbor
⁃ A highly effective guerilla campaign by Philippine resistance forces controlled sixty
percent of the islands, mostly jungle and mountain areas.

Content Analysis
⁃ Posters during the Japanese Period
⁃ were used as materials for backlash and inferiority against the other nation and
supremacy on their own.
⁃ relating the creative art on how the Japanese dealt with the Filipinos
⁃ Japan occupied the Ph for over three years

Contextual Analysis
⁃ document found is critique between Japanese and American Propaganda during World
War II by Anthony Navarro.
⁃ beneficial to all its readers
⁃ secondary source considering it is a critique made for posters mentioned
⁃ Actual scanned pictures of the campaign posters used serve as artifacts, thus evidences,
from the Japanese period.

Yadao,Denise
Author’s Main Argument or Point of View
⁃ inform and educate the readers
⁃ similiarities of the propaganda of the Japanese and Americans
⁃ no prejudices or personal interest. no biases on the article

Martial Law
Book Title: Progress and Martial Law
Author: Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos, Sr.
Year of Publication: 1981, Manila

Ferdinand Marcos
⁃ Graduate of UP, Diliman
⁃ Nationalist Party and Liberal Party
⁃ President of the Philippines ( 1965-1986)
⁃ Primary Source

Author’s Main Argument

⁃ laid some points, topics, events to be fair if there is martial law or without martial law in
the Philippines.
⁃ method of exemplification to prove his certain point
⁃ checklist of statements of effects in the political order without martial law
⁃ coup de etat: w/o Martial law the gov maybe preparing its downfall
⁃ writer wants to make people believe that Martial Law is the best solution that we had.

Speech of Corazon Aquino Before the US Congress

⁃ September 18 1986

Historical Context
⁃ September 21, 1972 7:17 pm Marcos declared Martial Law
⁃ lasted 9 years ( January 17 1981)
⁃ Ninoy Aquino (Marcial Bonifacio) executed in MIA now NAIA
⁃ Cory ran the elections but was cheated
⁃ People Power Happened

About the Speech

⁃ 4-day people power revolution on February 1986 ended Marcos Dictatorship - then She
became the First Filipino Woman President.
⁃ Teodoro “Teddy Boy Locsin Executive secretary of Cory Aquino, however he admitted
that he didn’t finished.
⁃ Cory is considered to be a Primary Souce

Yadao,Denise
Content
⁃ addressed the situation of the country
⁃ Marcos’ administration unjust leadership
⁃ Death of Ninoy how it paved way for the country to be free again.

Yadao,Denise