Guiding Booklet for WASH Club

Table of Contents

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................................... 6

SANITATION SITUATION IN PAKISTAN ........................................................................................................ 7

SPSP – RURAL & PATS INTEGRATED MODEL ........................................................................................... 8

WHO WILL USE THIS GUIDING BOOKLET? ................................................................................................. 9

INTRODUCTION TO SANITATION ................................................................................................................. 10

CLIMBING LADDER TOWARDS TOTAL SANITATION .............................................................................. 10

SCHOOL LED TOTAL SANITATION (SLTS) ................................................................................................ 11

CONCEPT ...........................................................................................................................................................11
OBJECTIVE .........................................................................................................................................................11
EXPECTED OUTCOMES ......................................................................................................................................12

WASH CLUB FORMATION ............................................................................................................................. 12

TORS OF WASH CLUB .....................................................................................................................................13

ROLE AND RESPONSIBILITY OF WASH CLUB MEMBERS..................................................................................14
MONITORING INDICATORS .................................................................................................................................15

RESOURCE MOBILIZATION AND SUSTAINABILITY OF WASH CLUB .................................................. 16

SLTS ACTIVITY CALENDAR .................................................................................................................................... 21

IMPORTANCE OF HYGIENE SESSIONS IN SCHOOLS ............................................................................. 21

ODF VILLAGE CERTIFICATION CRITERIA & PROCESS .......................................................................... 24

ODF CERTIFICATION PROCESS ........................................................................................................................25

BEHAVIOUR CHANGE COMMUNICATION (BCC) CAMPAIGNS IN SCHOOL SETTINGS AND PRACTICAL
DEMONSTRATION OF IEC MATERIAL .................................................................................................................25
W HY BEHAVIOUR CHANGE COMMUNICATION ...................................................................................................26

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF BCC STRATEGY ................................................................................................... 27

OUT COME .........................................................................................................................................................27

MAIN OBJECTIVE ................................................................................................................................................27

AGENDA ............................................................................................................................................................ 31

REGISTRATION SHEET .................................................................................................................................. 36

SELECTION CRITERIA FOR THE WASH CLUB MEMBERS /TRAINEES ................................................ 37

PRE & POST TEST........................................................................................................................................... 38

5
Guiding Booklet for WASH Club

List of Abbreviations
BCC Behaviour Change Communication
CAP Community Action Plan
CBO Community Based Organization
CLTS Community-Led Total Sanitation
CRP Community Resource Person
CSO Civil Society Organization
EDO–E Executive District Officer - Education
EDO–H Executive District Officer – Health
EV Extreme Vulnerable
FGD Focus Group Discussion
GoP Government of Pakistan
HH Household
HW Hand Washing
IEC Information Education Communication
IP Implementing Partner
KAP Knowledge Attitude and Practice
KI Key Informant
LG&RD Local Government & Rural Development
LHW Leady Health Worker
LSO Local Support Organization
M&E Monitoring & Evaluation
MDG Million Development Goal
MTR Mid-Term Review/Evaluation
NFR Note For Record
NGO Non-Government Organization
NOC No Objection Certificate
ODF Open Defecation Free
PATS Pakistan Approach to Total Sanitation
PHED Public Health Engineering Department
PRA Participatory Rural Appraisal
PTA Parents Teachers Association
RSPN Rural Support Programmes Network
RuSFAD Rural Sanitation for Flood Affected Districts
SLTS School-Led Total Sanitation
SMC School Management Committee/Council
SO Social Organizer
SPSP Sanitation Programme at Scale in Pakistan
TORs Terms of References
TOT Training of Trainers
UNICEF United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund
WASH Water Sanitation and Hygiene

6
 Guiding Booklet for WASH Club

Sanitation Situation in Pakistan

In Pakistan, diarrhoea is the leading cause of mortality for children under 5 (PDHS 2007-8)
where 116,013 children under the age of 5 die due to diarrhoea each year, translating into the
loss of life of 13 Pakistani children per hour (PDHS 2007-8). Children also suffer
disproportionately from sickness due to diarrheal disease with almost 25 million cases (PSLM
2006-7) reported annually. Major reasons for diarrhoea are a lack of access to clean drinking
water, poor hygiene status and, poor sanitation. The already dismal situation of sanitation in
Pakistan was further deteriorated by the devastating floods of 2010 which affected more than 20
million people across the country.

Pakistan is also lagging behind in achieving Millennium Development Goals (MDG) for
Sanitation. The UNICEF and WHO’s Joint Monitoring Program estimated (JMP 2012 update
report) that sanitation facilities are available only to 48% ( 72 % Urban, 34% Rural) but this
number is still with huge disparities that exist between rural and urban areas of the total
population. In rural areas an estimated 34% of the total rural population defecates in the open
while only 26% has unimproved sanitation and only 6% share sanitation facilities. An estimated
40 million people in Pakistan still practice open defecation which therefore indicates a huge
scope for providing improved sanitation facilities to the people in need.

 92% of the population has access to water

 48% of the population has access to sanitation but details show that this access is
inequitable among the urban and rural population as only 34% of the rural population has
access to sanitation in comparison to 72% urban population.

 Poor sanitation is one of the contributors of poverty and in Pakistan 22.3% 0f the
population is living below the poverty line and here again there is inequality in urban and
rural population.

 Poor sanitation coverage has increased the rate of malnutrition, mortality of under five
children, and poor sanitation in high risk polio districts is alarming as the affected cases
may rapidly effects a large population is poor sanitary conditions

The Pakistan National Sanitation Policy 2006 also focuses on creating an open defecation free
(ODF) environment using various total sanitation models. Based on lessons learned from the
total sanitation model previously implemented in Pakistan and keeping in view the socio
economic, political, cultural and rapid climate changes and frequent occurrence of disaster, a
Pakistan Approach to Total Sanitation (PATS) was introduced by the Ministry of Environment in
2011. As an integrated sanitation model, PATS provides greater flexibility in programming and
an opportunity to attain the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).

7
Guiding Booklet for WASH Club

The Pakistan Approach to Total Sanitation (PATS) is achieving and sustaining an open
defecation free environment both in rural and urban context with clear emphasis towards
behaviour change and social mobilization enhancing the demand side of sanitation. The
approach also endorses the use of a number of branded total sanitation models, having a key
role of communities, which include:

 Community Led Total Sanitation

 School Led Total Sanitation

 Component Sharing

 Sanitation Marketing

 Disaster Response

SPSP – Rural & PATS integrated model

Based on experiences from RUSFAD, another program Sanitation Program at Scale in Pakistan
(SPSP) –Rural was initiated in 2012 in areas that were flood affected, had a high risk of Polio,
and were insecure. This program is being implemented in 14 districts of Pakistan through
different implementing partners. Under the Sanitation Program at Scale in Pakistan (SPSP) -
Rural six (6) pillars of integrated total sanitation model were introduced i, e. (1) linkages
development with duty bearers, 2) sanitation demand creation for ODF communities, 3)
sustaining demand through supply side interventions, 4) participatory health and hygiene
promotion, 5) attaining 100% adequate drainage and waste water treatment and 6) knowledge
management. The integrated model is further illustrated through following diagram:

8
 Guiding Booklet for WASH Club

Who will Use this Guiding Booklet?

WASH club guiding booklet is prepared for the master trainer, Social Organizer or CRPs to build
the capacity of WASH club members and school teachers on School Led Total Sanitation
(SLTS). The school teachers can also use this guiding booklet to further train other members of
WASH club (if and when required).

This booklet would also guide the users about the introduction of the PATS approach, SPSP-
Rural, formation of WASH club, its functions and linkages development with the stake holders
(SMC, PTAs etc).

9
Guiding Booklet for WASH Club

Introduction to Sanitation DISPLAY SLIDE FOR SANITATION AND COMPONENTS

Sanitation: The processes whereby What is Sanitation?

people demand, effect, and sustain a
hygienic and healthy environment for
themselves by erecting barriers to
prevent the transmission of water and
sanitation related diseases.
Sanitation: The processes whereby people demand, effect,
and sustain a hygienic and healthy environment for
themselves by erecting barriers to prevent the transmission
of water and sanitation related diseases.
[Safe disposal of both liquid and dry waste is regarded
sanitation, technical definition]

It refers to the combination of hardware and software

components that are necessary to produce a healthy
environment and to develop or support safe hygiene
behaviours.

Examples of Hard components: 1. Hand pump, 2.Tap

connection, 3. Rain water tank, 1. Construction of Latrine, 2.
Water container for hand washing.

Examples of Soft Components: 1. Hygiene behavioural

Climbing Ladder Towards change, and Activist training
Total Sanitation

The sanitation ladder is one of the important concepts

for the planners, implementer’s and the communities in
which sanitation programs is implemented. It focuses
that once a step on sanitation ladder is achieved at the
community level or individual level the one always try
to sustain the achievement or move up on the ladder.

1. If no resource or facility is available then the

faecal matter can be covered with mud. In
order to take the first step on to the “Sanitation
Ladder” behaviour change is critical.

2. In areas where successful social mobilization

has triggered behavior change, the next issue
is technology options to contain and confine
human excreta. The most convenient and
cheapest option available is pit latrine.

3. Once the community is sensitized and trained

10
 Guiding Booklet for WASH Club

for fixed point defecation, they can be explained the option of ventilated improved
soakage pit latrine.

The next step of improved sanitation is pour flush twin soakage latrine.

4. The best and most highly recommended standard of sanitation for a community is
septic tank with soakage pit OR sewer line.

School Led Total Sanitation (SLTS)

School Led Total Sanitation approach is a progressive step towards Total Sanitation
emphasizes on effective mobilization of WASH club to motivate the communities to build and
use the latrine. SLTS, which is developed as a complete package of school and community
sanitation, comprises the basic elements of sanitation program.

School is a respectable and permanent community institution, so SLTS program has regarded it
as an entry point to sanitation promotion. Similarly, it has recognized the teachers and members
of SMC and PTA as the mover and shaker of the society to lead sanitation promotion. The
program has also emphasized on an effective mobilization of the WASH club, the change
agents. It has envisioned making school and its catchment area free from open defecation and
gradually achieves perfection in personal, households and environmental sanitation. For this,
motivation of communities and students is taken as a key step towards behavioural
transformation and latrine promotion through enhanced partnership of school, local level
organizations and community.

Concept

School is a respectable, important and permanent community institution. So, SLTS is

regarded as an entry point for SPSP-Rural. Similarly, it has recognized the teachers and
members of SMC/PTA as the mover and shaker of the society to lead sanitation interventions.
The approach has also emphasized on an effective mobilization of WASH club’ members, as
change agents. It has envisioned making school and its catchments free from open defecation
and gradually achieving perfection in personal, households and environmental sanitation. For
this, motivation of communities and students is taken as a key step towards behavioural
transformation and latrine promotion through enhanced partnership and linkages development
among school, local level organizations and community.

Objective

SLTS aims at making the school and its catchments free from open defecation with the
collaborative efforts of the stakeholders. WASH club is also used to sensitize the students,
teachers, parents and communities about health hazards caused by open defecation. Besides,

11
Guiding Booklet for WASH Club

it also aims at following:

 Develop the student and school as the role model in sanitation for promoting personal,
household and environmental sanitation

• Development of open defecation free communities within school catchments by

ensuring that every household has access to latrines.

• Promotion of hand washing with soap in school and communities

• Enhancement in innovativeness and leadership capacity of students

• Development of school and community partnership through sanitation promotion

• Promotion of sustainable child friendly and gender friendly WASH facilities in school
• Management of waste water and solid waste in school

Expected Outcomes

In the long run, the program will contribute to reduce child mortality and develop healthy and
productive human resources with the reduction of diarrhoeal diseases. It will also help
enhance community’s self- realization, build up the feeling of their ownership towards
program, scale it up, raise their self-esteem and social standing. And there will be visible
increase in student’s enrolment and reduction in drop-out rates. Ultimately, it will contribute to
enhance quality education and the holistic development of students through strengthened
school -community partnership and social harmony.

WASH Club Formation

1. Selection of Schools to be finalized with willingness of principal and signing of MOU

2. Selection of two active teachers who are popular amongst students and have interest in
working for the improvement of environment.

3. Selection of member’s student (2 from each class) shall include the children of class 3 to
class 8.

Register the WASH Club members and assign the duties to WASH club members as per the
TORs of WASH Club.

After the formation of the WASH club following TORs will be given to the members:

12
 Guiding Booklet for WASH Club

TORs of WASH Club

 School WASH club if active can play a very important role in providing the services to
school.

 The WASH Club will coordinate with SMC and PTA.

 They will provide the functional sanitation services to the children and teachers.

 School sanitation committees will provide the clean and safe sanitation facility.

 WASH club will share the hygiene messages.

 WASH club will ensure that hand washing stations are provided and soap is available.

 WASH club will ensure that wash rooms are accessible to male and female children
during school hours.

 WASH club will propagate if the proper services for disable children is not available in
the school.

 WASH forums will celebrate the hygiene events to raise awareness among the
community.

 WASH club will generate resources for maintenance of facilities through different
activities.

 WASH club will represent the school to respective Village Sanitation Committee; they
will give their opinion in construction of facilities for the students.

It is important to understand that the roles of WASH club members must not be prepared on a
set pattern as the WASH roles can be different from area to area or as per the culture which
allows to acquire certain roles very effectively by children or may apprehend certain activities in
school or community.

The structure of WASH club is flexible as it depends on children that how they will decide that
how they can contribute in a better way to perform effectively.

The children will decide about the meetings and agenda of WASH club and the process of
implementing the action required.

The teacher, SMC members and PTA member of the school will be honorary members of
WASH club and will have an independent opinion about the decisions ‘of WASH club they will

13
Guiding Booklet for WASH Club

monitor the reasons why certain issues are not addressed or there are delay in the issues and
will submit their reports to the EDO education to take up the issues to higher levels.

Role and Responsibility of WASH Club Members

The WASH club detailed responsibilities can be

1. Preparing the action plan with WASH members to ensure that school children have
access to safe latrines and are using it properly and practicing hand washing practices at
critical timings.

2. They ensure the soap availability at the hand washing stations. They can arrange soap
by mobilizing school management through school funds and if not possible than through
the WASH clubs funds or material received from any stakeholder

3. School WASH club children will actively participate in the activity of hygiene promotion,
as per the agreed strategy.

4. School will engage with local representative of government in the community to support
the WASH club campaign through their participation and contribution of resource
material that may be required to conduct those campaigns.

5. WASH club will explore the alternative resources that could be generated through the
disposal of solid waste to provide resources for soap availability.

6. WASH club will actively contribute in advocating the community to attain ODF status, for
this the school teacher will help the students to organize different awareness raising
activities within the community or in school premises through celebration of events.

7. WASH club will manage the funds and will also generate the activities of fund
generation.

It is important to understand that the roles and responsibilities of WASH club can be flexible and
should be finalized among the member of WASH club; but it must be ensured in sanitation
programs that each WASH club must address the issues of social inclusion and disability while
promoting hygiene practices. Addressing the issues of equity, inclusion and disability will
facilitate all the children to get access for school WASH services and facilities.

As WASH club role is not limited to school, they also perform their role in the community. The
following table will guide the WASH members about their role at school and community level:

School Community
Regular Cleaning of School Compound Construction of Household (HH) latrines and

14
 Guiding Booklet for WASH Club

School Community
appropriate drainage system
Cleanliness of WASH facilities Follow-up household and ensure that they
properly use and maintain the latrines
Provision of garbage pits / bins in schools Display of key Health & Hygiene messages on
prominent places in the community
Participation in WASH and BCC activities Mobilize communities for early ODF status
WASH Club formed and efficiently active Organize and participate in BCC campaigns
Participation of teachers Open Defecation Free status being monitored
and maintained
Involvement of SMC / PTA
Maintenance of WASH Facilities (User
Friendly) – Operational
Open Defecation Free status
SLTS activities documented and
communicated among students
Activity Register in place & updated

While performing the WASH club in the school and community both members and teachers
should know that their activities should not create any conflict among the children and
community The activities should follow the do not harm approach and equal importance should
be given to all the children and without discriminating a child due to his/her physical health and
cast Conflicts can be avoided through participatory approaches and with clear and complete
messages which are not biased towards certain community groups, religion or ethnic clusters. If
any conflict arises in the school or in the community teacher can play his/her role being an elder
of the group and settle the issue in a way which benefit to all.

The cultural context and local customs must be studied in detail when implementing WASH
Club activities.

Monitoring Indicators

Monitoring of activities is an important part of roles and responsibilities as the activities will not
performed as per the standards if the indicators are not identified and monitoring frame work is
not prepared.

15
Guiding Booklet for WASH Club

The next step for the WASH club members is to monitor the hygiene promotion activities in the
school. All the indicators will be recorded as per the monitoring frame work. Indicators for
Hygiene promotion activities can be

1- Monitoring Indicators for Sanitation Facilities:

 Availability of safe toilet for boys and girls separately

 Hand washing facility with soap and water

 Adequate safe Water for drinking

 Proper safe drainage

 Clean Environment

2- Monitoring indicators of Hygiene Promotion activities

 Hygiene Promotion activities are regularly performed

 Hygiene education is participatory and life skill based

 Parents and community are involved collectively through different events/celebrations

 Children are using toilet properly and cleanliness of the latrine will be ensured

3-Monitoring indicators of Use and maintenance of services

 All children use toilets

 Children practicing hand washing at critical timings

 Cleanliness of toilet and availability of water is ensured

Resource Mobilization and Sustainability

of WASH Club WASH in School Internal Stake Holders

 School Children
Resource mobilization is one of the important  WASH club
activities for carrying out different activities in the  School Administration
school for maintenance of the facilities and  SMC
 PTA

16
 Guiding Booklet for WASH Club

hygiene promotion as well for the assurance of the soap availability. The sources for fund
generation depend upon the internal and external stake holders of the sanitation programs.

WASH in School External Stake Holders

 Community Members
 Village Organization
 SMC
 PTA
 District authorities

Out of these stakeholders the School Management Councils and parent teacher associations
are important part of institutional funds availability and their authorities for utilization. A close
working relationship between the WASH club and these school level bodies will help in address
the initial needs of funds. The fund generation activities can be generated by various school
level activities.

The exemplary activities can be resource generation through recycling of paper waste, school
events, water and sanitation melas/ exhibitions and nominal registration fees.

Salient features of wash club

 To build capacity of schools and communities in order to facilitate behavioral and

attitudinal changes among children and communities.

 Enhance students’ innovativeness and leadership capacity

 Develop partnership of school and community

 Develop ownership among the children towards their environment.

 Promote child/gender friendly WASH facilities in school

1. For establishing WASH club, here are the steps to be followed:

 Awareness raising

17
Guiding Booklet for WASH Club

 Develop child as a change agent

 Behavior Change and empowerment

 Capacity building

2. Various steps for mobilization of WASH club are:

Mobilization of WASH Club

 Orientation of teachers, members of SMC & PTA and VDC secretary/member

 Liaison with Village Sanitation Committee

 Development and implementation of school and community level plan of action

 Generation of funds in school to construct WASH facilities

 Construction, use and operation & maintenance of WASH facilities in schools

 Use of PRA tools for community sensitization to stop open defecation

 Implementation of advocacy/awareness raising activities during implementation of SPSP-

Rural

 Development of social map and base line data on monitoring indicators

 Development of documentation system in school

 Formation and mobilization of Community Action Group, (if required) or link with VSC

 Reward and recognition of individual/organization/communities

 Promotion of innovative and creative activities in sanitation

 Self-monitoring and follow-up of school and community level actions

 Facilitate, organize and participate in BCC campaigns

18
 Guiding Booklet for WASH Club

19
Guiding Booklet for WASH Club

20
 Guiding Booklet for WASH Club

SLTS Activity Calendar

SLTS/WASH activity calendar suggested is as under:

Activity Activity Start End

Responsible Deliverable/output/Remarks
Code Description Date Date

Importance of Hygiene Sessions in Schools

Along with community hygiene session school hygiene sessions are very important as this is
denial of basic rights of children. It is usually observed that if WASH facilities are not working
then major consequences are;

 Denial of basic rights of children.

 It is disrespectful for the children.

 Children may face sexual violence.

 More children suffer from diarrhea and water borne diseases.

 Open defecation around school brings in flies and diseases.

21
Guiding Booklet for WASH Club

If the hygiene sessions are given in schools regularly it brings in very positive changes in the
behaviour of school children which may latter on influence others in community.

Expected Positive Impacts of Hygiene Education

 Children have basic right to have access to safe sanitation facilities, safe drinking water, clean
drinking water and basic information on hygiene.

 If the children have knowledge they can share the same with their families this will ultimately
leads to improving the awareness about the sanitation and hygiene.

 The children are the upcoming new generation so once the behaviours are changed from
child hood there is more chances of sustainable change in behaviour and practices of
practicing sanitation and hygiene.

 Improved sanitation practices will apprehend the transmission routes of water and sanitation
related diseases.

 As the water and sanitation related diseases have their greater effect on school aged children
especially to those who are in elementary classes.

 The average loss of cognitive levels is acutely effected by worm infestation and malnutrition
related to poor sanitation and hygiene practices

In school settings the hygiene education is a tricky thing and it is appropriate to conduct the
sessions through skill based hygiene education. The skill based hygiene education is a
complete methodology which delivers the knowledge of hygiene by practicing it through
practical sessions. The practical sessions are based on the behaviour which is in focus and
needs to be changed.

As compared to didactic lectures these sessions

Example of Skill Based Hygiene
successfully imparts greater learning and interest among
Education
the participants.
-Knowledge about the spread of
The skill based hygiene education has certain diarrheal diseases and its route of
characteristics which can be highlighted through an spread.
interactive session. Initiate the interaction by asking the
participants to share what is the traditional system. Enlist -Change in attitude toward the
the characteristics of traditional lecturing system that is sanitation services and facilities
implemented for class room teaching. Now ask the
-Practices of Hand Washing at critical
participants what are the draw backs. Once this is
timings.
discussed conclude the session by showing this slide

22
 Guiding Booklet for WASH Club

which explains the characteristics of skill based hygiene education.

The life skill based education will focus on knowledge, attitude and practice and will explain the
things through simple examples.

WASH is a very broad area in which there are many themes that needs to be discussed for
hygiene education but a few of thematic areas are shared here so that the WASH club members
can generate sessions for skill based hygiene education.

Themes of Skill Based Hygiene Education

Water, sanitation and waste in school, homes and community—including the different types of water
sources; the transport, handling and storage of drinking water; and different types of waste existing
within a community (such as human excreta and rubbish) and how these differ in terms of cleanliness
and risks to health.

-Personal and food hygiene in school, homes and community (including food vendors)—covering
conditions
In the lastand practices
explain that
that are are
what either
thepositive
dos andor negative andinteractive
don’ts of the reasons,learning.
ways and means to
change the latter.

- Diseases related to water supply and sanitation that have an impact on someone’s health—including
information on the incidence and transmission, as well as the prevention, of diseases in the local
environment.

-Facilities for water, sanitation and hygiene within schools, households and the community. This
category may cover topics such as the planning, construction, maintenance, management, monitoring
use of water supply, excreta disposal and other existing facilities

The Skill based hygiene education differs from the regular hygiene sessions the major
difference between the types is given below:

What needs to be done for an interactive What should not be done in interactive
session sessions

The facilitator will facilitate the process Guiding the participants

The participants will be encouraged to talk and The facilitator will state away give a statement
give plausible responses, if certain responses are which will be considered an authority.
not relevant the facilitator will ask the participants
to accept or reject it by giving authentic evidences,
examples or observation.

The participants are encouraged to argue if they Arguments are not allowed
think the shared knowledge, example or solution

23
Guiding Booklet for WASH Club

What needs to be done for an interactive What should not be done in interactive
session sessions

may not fit in their context

The participants are encouraged to ask question The facilitator always gives the answer to the
and facilitator will help the participant by putting query without forwarding it first to other
the same question to the group so that the participants.
participants can learn from each other.

ODF Village Certification Criteria & Process

Once the action plan is successfully implemented the ODF certification process will be followed.
This includes the following steps.

Involves a set of activities which starts in following order:

Step - I Step- II Step- III Step- IV

Initiation Verification Declaration Certification

Init Init Init

Once the certification is awarded, then the communities celebrate the ODF status of their
village.

The final criteria for ODF village is

3. ODF village and open spaces

4. The water sources are free from human excreta

5. Hand washing with soap is practices before having food and after the use of toilet

6. All the village is aware about the safe disposal of human excreta and is practicing the same

24
 Guiding Booklet for WASH Club

ODF Certification Process

The Declaration Process

The declaration process usually begins as an internal step of WASH club at school. The WASH club
declares first the status of ODF and inform concerned VSC to get it verified.

The Verification Process

Verification also begins with an internal step followed by external endorsement, depending on the level of
verification/certification being performed: for instance, WASH club declares first as ODF and inform the
VSC through their SMC/PTA or any other structure available. The VSC will involve the stakeholders like
UNICEF, Local Government and TMA to arrange a joint monitoring visit to that particular school within due
course of time to physically verify the ODF. Better to put the local institutions in a lead role to verify jointly
and verify thorough certification. They will also verify the hygiene practices within school like hand
washing with soap, solid waste management etc.

Certification Process

Practicing safe hygiene and sanitation requires constructing physical facilities as well as making
behavioural changes. Attaining both results at the same time has been found to be difficult; normally,
physical changes precede behavioural ones. (Physical actions include construction of latrines and hand
washing facilities while behavioural actions include latrine use, fix hand washing facility, and safe water
handling).Hence certification of safe sanitation and hygiene practice should thus take places in two
phases:

 Phase 1: Primary certification; recognizes ODF status

 Phase 2: Secondary certification; recognizes safe sanitation and hygiene practices that include
ODF with minimum latrine standards, hand washing with soap or soap substitutes at critical
times, and household safe water handling.

Behaviour change communication (BCC) Campaigns in School Settings and

Practical Demonstration of IEC Material

The BCC campaigns are one of the important features to change the behaviour of the
community. The components are built on clear strategy without clear guide line BCC campaign
will not create an impact.

25
Guiding Booklet for WASH Club

Why Behaviour Change Communication How BCC will be done

 To use a variety of mediums and approaches 1-Demand Creation

to positively influence the behaviour of target
population to adopt hygienic practices Technical options for sanitation
related to WASH at the individual, household Appropriate Technology
and community level
Hygiene Campaigns
 To facilitate an enabling environment to
achieve & sustain those practices Sustaining Behaviour Change

 To make a dent in the national efforts for reducing morbidity & mortality related to poor
sanitation and resulting a dignified and healthy family

In Behaviour Change Communication it is important to consider that the behaviour is learned

and there are different steps in learning the behaviour these are:

 Knowing the behavior

Barriers or Motivators in learning
 Practicing it behaviour

 1-They give pleasure

 Adopting the behavior
 2-increase self esteem
 Influence others to change their behavior
 3-They are linked with cultural and
But these steps are definitely influenced by several belief system
factors that may affect the learning so these factors
may act as the motivators of or barriers in learning  4-They are linked with religious
certain specific behaviours. belief models

 5-Some behaviours are also

The BCC strategy is culture specific and needs an in
adopted by the social pressures and
depth understanding of the belief models of the
social norms.
area.

Development of BCC strategy always depends upon the cultural context and specifications .The
WASH club can develop their BCC strategy which requires some important aspect to well
thought-out before the initiation of actual activities.

26
 Guiding Booklet for WASH Club

Basic Principles of BCC Strategy

The basic principle of BCC strategy must be addressed when developing such strategies. It will
be good if the school WASH club develops their own BCC strategy during the orientation
sessions for this the facilitator can help them by designing a campaign.

 Coordinate with the administration of school and important internal and external stake
holders to make the strategy comprehensive and understood by all who are involved.

 First focus on the selected number of behaviors and then move up of to focus more
improved behaviors.

 Focus on multiple channels and mediums like using the regular sessions in schools,
assemblies, local festival, and celebration of important days.

 Link channels and messages with access to products, services and supplies essential
for the promoted behaviors

 Use a branded approach with a logo and tagline to unite all the behaviors and messages
as part of a coordinated approach.

 The BCC strategy will be incomplete if the strong monitoring and evaluation frame work
does not exist.

First Focus on what we want to achieve through BCC strategy focus on the outcome first and
then move on to main objectives and sub objectives. Based on these objectives and sub
objectives the principle messages will be developed and activities will be monitored.

Out Come

Practicing Safe Sanitation and Hygiene behaviours that prevent faecal oral contamination

Main Objective

Increased practice of hygiene behaviours that prevent faecal-oral contamination

Sub –Objectives can be

 Hand washing with soap after defecation

 Hand washing with soap before eating

 Hand washing with soap before preparing food

27
Guiding Booklet for WASH Club

 Hand washing with soap before feeding children

 Hand washing with soap after handling a child’s faeces

Develop the messages, activities and who will be the lead person, audience of messages and
what medium and timings will be chosen. For schools the immediate preference will be to start
the campaign from schools and then expand it to various levels where the children and WASH
club members can make their impact.

The BCC campaign will be implemented at the following levels:

 Household

 Community

 Religious Place

 School

The WASH club members will observe the campaign which will implement at school and
community level. They will not only observe the campaigns but also record the impact of those
campaigns on school children and community at large.

Selection criteria for participant

The selection of the participant is one of the very important steps as the selection of the right
participant for the training will ensure the efficient use of resources.

28
 Guiding Booklet for WASH Club

AGENDA Day 1
The day 1 session will start from 09:00 and will end at1600
Registration of Participants 30 min
Recitation from the Holy Quran 5 min
Welcome/Introduction of Participants & ice breaking, Norms setting, fears
and expectations 40 min
Objectives of Training 15 min
Pre- Test 15 min
Introduction to Sanitation 20 min
Pakistan Sanitation situation – an overview and Introduction to PATS 40 min
Introduction to SPSP – Rural 60 min
Climbing Ladder towards Sanitation 90min
Day 1 – Reflections, Two Way Feed Back 30 min

AGENDA Day 2
The Day 2 sessions will start from 09:00 and will end at 1600
Recitation from the Holy Quran 5min
Review of day-01 25min
Introduction to SLTS 90 min
Introduction to low cost sanitation technology options 60min
Formation of WASH club in the school 60 min
Planning of WASH club activity 90min
Recap of the day 30 min

AGENDA Day 3
The Day 3 sessions will start from 09: 00 and will end at 1700

29
Guiding Booklet for WASH Club

Recitation from the Holy Quran 5min

Review of day -02 25min
ODF certification and ODF village criteria 60 min
Linkage development with VSC & other SPSP activities 45min
Introduction to BCC 90 min
Introduction of Monitoring mechanism & Funds management 90min
Post test and evaluation of training 60min
Certificate Distribution Ceremony & closing remarks 30min

30
 Guiding Booklet for WASH Club

Agenda
Three Day Training Agenda of WASH Club

Day 1
Time Activity Process Responsibility Resource Person/
Facilitation
09:00 – 0930 Registration of  The participants will register themselves on the Registration
participants provided registration forms available at the Forms
registration desk.
0930 – 0935 Recitation from The  One of the Participants will recite verses from the Recitation
Holy Quran Holy Quran.
0935– 1015 Introduction of the  This session will help participants to know each
facilitators and other and will help in the upbringing of inter
participants /Ice personal communication among the participants.
breaking (Expectation  The expectations of the participants will be noted Brainstorming
& fears of the down and these will be matched with the training
participants) objectives, the left over will be included by the
resource persons in order to meet the expectations
of the participants.
1015-1030 Objectives of the  This will be a formal welcome to the Training of Presentation/
training Teacher and views will be provided on the Discussion
objectives of the training in relation to its relevance
with the program highlights the role of the master
trainers.
 In addition to this the objectives of the training will
also be shared with the participants.
1030-1045 Pre-test  Pre-test on formats Formats

31
Guiding Booklet for WASH Club

1130-1200 Introduction to Village Power Point Presentation

Sanitation Committee Group Discussion
(VSC) Group Work
The participant will develop Vision, mission and goal of
their organization and will also define the basic principles
on which organization will work
1200-1300 Roles and Roles and responsibility of Village sanitation
Responsibility of VSC committee will be discussed among the participants and
the facilitator will explain the comprehensive presentation
about the possible role of Village sanitation committee
1300-1330 Day 1 Reflections On chart
Tea Break (15 min)
1100 – 1200 Introduction to  The understanding of the participants will be
Sanitation enhanced with regards to sanitation covering the
following topics i.e.
What is sanitation
Sanitation Ladder Approach
Presentation
Current Sanitation Scenario in Pakistan
Issues of Sanitation
1200-1300 Introduction to SPSP  Objective of this session is to bringing workshop Presentation
Project participants; team of master trainers in particular, at
the same level of understanding of the project in
terms of the project goal, objectives, activities and
interventions and expectations from the project

Lunch and Prayer Break (60 min)

1400- 1530 Climbing ladder  The participants will be divided into 2 groups and Group work and
towards total each group will prepare a ladder discussion
sanitation
1530- 1600 Recap of the day 1  The facilitator will review the learning of the day with Brainstorming
active participation of participants

32
 Guiding Booklet for WASH Club

Day 2
0905-0930 Review of the day 1  The participants will reflect their moods of Day
1
0930-1100 Introduction to SLTS  The participants will be briefed about the Presentation
concept and objectives of the School Led Total Discussion
Sanitation and develop understanding about
SLTS implementation model/Frame work. The
participants will be explained about the
mechanism of establishing ODF verification
committee (SMC, PTA) for schools and its
mergence with VSC.
Tea break (15 min)
1100-1200 Introduction of low  Different techniques of low cost latrine Presentation
cost latrine construction will be briefly discussed with the Discussion
technology options participants for their knowledge
1200-1300 Formation of WASH  Understanding of the participants will be
Clubs in Schools developed about formation of WASH Clubs in
schools along with selection criteria for schools,
teacher (Master Trainers), club members
(students), roles and responsibilities and
identification of schools catchment area.
Prayer & Lunch Break (60 min)
1400-1530 Wash Club activities  Based on understanding developed in last Group Work
planning session, the participants will design the Discussion
activities of the club members within school
and communities

33
Guiding Booklet for WASH Club

1530-1600 Recap of the day  The facilitator will review the learning of the day
with active participation of participants

Day 3
0900-0905 Recitation from The  One of the Participants will recite verses from the Recitation
Holy Quran Holy Quran.
0905-0930 Review of the day 2  The participants will reflect their moods of Day 2

0930-1030 ODF declaration and  The participants will be briefed about ODF Presentation
verification declaration and verification mechanism for school Discussion
mechanism and community

Tea Break (15 min)

1045 – 1130 Linkage with VSC and
other activities of SPS
Program
1130-1300 Introduction to BCC
 School teachers will learn how they can support
VSC Mobilization through summer camp, post
triggering of CLTS & Monitoring of ODF status
 Participants will be briefed about Behavior Change Presentation and
Communication, SPSP campaigns Discussion

Prayer & Lunch Break (60 min)

1400-1530 Introduction of  The participants will understand the monitoring
Monitoring mechanism mechanism with regards to SLTS reporting system.
& Funds management  Utilization & record keeping of SLTS funds
 Receiving returned loans and utilizing in
sustainability of wash clubs
1530-1630 Post Test & Evaluation  Participants will give their feedback through filling the Post test Formats
by Trainees post test formats, Evaluation formats Evaluation
Review of the training  Participant will contribute their learning about whole Formats
training topics Discussion (after
filling formats)

34
 Guiding Booklet for WASH Club

1630-1700 Certificate Distribution  The participants will be awarded with certificates and
Ceremony and closing facilitator will present the closing remarks
Remarks

Note of Thanks

35
Guiding Booklet for WASH Club

Registration Sheet
Teachers 1Data Base

Gend Experience (Social

Age Education
S. er work)
N Name 18 23 29 District UC Address Contact 11
o to to to 35 Primar Middl Matri F B M >= 6 to to
M F 22 28 34 + y e c A A A 5 10 15

1
Maintain WASH Club members data base separately

36
 Guiding Booklet for WASH Club

Selection Criteria for the WASH club members /trainees

Selection Criteria Yes No

2 active teachers who are popular amongst students and
have interest in working for the improvement of environment.

Participants should be from class 3 – 8

The participants is volunteer tone a member of WASH Club

The participants is proactive in school and can participate in

community activity

The participants are willing to take extra responsibilities of

WASH activity.

29
Guiding Booklet for WASH Club

Pre & Post Test

Training for WASH Club Members

Date: _____________
Venue:_______________________________

Name of the trainee Designation

Organization District

Trainer’s Name

A. Please write true/false against statements given below:

S# Statement True False

1. Currently in Pakistan, 52 % of population does not have access to

sanitation facility

2. PATS means “ Pakistan Approach to Total Sanitation”

3. School teachers are developed as “agent of change” to achieve total

sanitation in the approach called SLTS

4. School Management Committee and Parents Teachers Association

should be taken on board before starting the SLTS activities in
school

5. SMC and PTA can generate funds for the construction of latrines

6. Children will be involved in hygiene promotion activity whereas the

decision making will be done by teachers

7. Messages about the hygiene practices will be displayed only at the

time of hygiene session

8. “ODF” status of a community means that “community is protected

against natural disasters”

28
 Guiding Booklet for WASH Club

S# Statement True False

9. Community conflicts will be resolved by children of WASH club

10. Community Action Plan is made to finalize the plan for collectively go
for shopping in nearby town

11. Latrine construction is the basic activity of sanitation program in

PATS approach

12. The minimum cost for construction of a latrine is 35 thousands

rupees

13. IEC material is used to sensitized the community members about

problem and solution related to a particular issue prevailing in a
community

14. “Demand Creation” is one of the components of BCC campaign

15. CRP is a representative of Government Department

Signature by Trainee _______________________

29
Guiding Booklet for WASH Club

Rural Support Programmes Network (RSPN)

House No.07, Street 49, F-6/4 Islamabad, Pakistan
Tel: 00-92-51-2829141, 2829556
2822476, 2826792, 2821736
Fax: 00-92-51-2829115
Email: Info@rspn.org.pk
Web: www.rspn.org