Medical Gases Systems

Presented By: Mohamed Salah

THE FIRST LECTURE.

Presentation Contents.
1) Introduction to Medical Gas Systems.
a. Definition of Medical Gas Systems.
b. The benefit of usage of Medical Gas Systems.
c. Type of Medical Gas Systems.

2) Applicable Codes and Regulations.

3) Designing Medical Gas Systems.

a.Estimating flow requirements.
b.Selecting equipment.
c.Pipe sizing.
d.Zone valves and alarms.
e.Labeling Medical Gas Systems.
f. Material.
Medical Gas Systems
1) Introduction to Medical Gas Systems.
a. Definition of Medical Gas Systems
“An assembly of equipment and piping for the distribution of nonflammable
medical gasses such as oxygen, compressed air, surgical air, nitrous oxide,
medical vacuum, WAGSS, nitrogen and carbon dioxide”.

b. The benefit of the usage of Medical Gas Systems

“A medical gas pipeline system (MGPS) is installed to provide a safe,
convenient and cost-effective system for the provision of medical gases to the
clinical and nursing staff at the point-of-use. It reduces the problems
associated with the use of gas cylinders such as safety, porterage, storage
and noise”.

…for her… …for them… …for him…

Medical Gas Systems
c. Types of Medical Gas Systems.
Medical Gas Systems
c. Types of Medical Gas Systems.
 Oxygen (O2).
 Medical Air (MA).
 Medical Vacuum (MV).
 Nitrous Oxide (N2O).
 Nitrogen (N2).
 Surgical OR Instrumental Air (IA).
 Carbon Dioxide (CO2).
 Waste Anesthesia Gas Disposal (WAGD or EVAC) Anaesthetic Gas
Scavenging System (AGSS).
 Entonox (N2O/O2).
 Heliox (HE/O2).
 Dental Air (DA).
 Dental Vacuum (DV).
Medical Gas Systems
• Oxygen (O2)

• Oxygen is one of the most extensively used gases

for respiratory therapy and life-support .
• Oxygen is additionally used in anaesthetic
procedures.

• Carbon Monoxide Poisoning.

• Hyperbaric oxygen therapy.

• Healing of wounds – pure oxygen speeds up the

healing process.

• Used at 370 to 420 Kpa.

• Used at 55 to 60 psig.
Medical Gas Systems
• Medical Air (MA).
• Medical Air is mainly used in respiratory therapy as a power
source for patient ventilators, and for blending with
oxygen.
Side stream Jet Nebuliser
• Medical Air is also used as the driving gas for nebulised
drugs and chemotherapy agents.

 Used at 370 to 420 Kpa.

 Used at 50 to 60 psig.

Medical Air
Medical Gas Systems
• Medical Vacuum (MV).
• An assembly of central vacuum producing equipment
and a network of piping for patient suction in medical,
medical-surgical, and waste anesthetic gas disposal
(WAGD) applications.

• Primarily used for patient treatment in surgery,

recovery, and ICU to remove fluids and aid in drainage.

• Used at 40 Kpa to 60 Kpa.

• Used at 300 mm Hg to 450 mm Hg.

Medical Vacuum
Medical Gas Systems
• Nitrous Oxide (N2O).
• Possesses a “sweetish” smell.

• Nitrous oxide is used for anaesthetic and

analgesic purposes, being mixed with medical air,
oxygen, and nebulised agents.

• Used at 370 to 420 Kpa.

• Used at 50 to 60 psig.

Nitrous Oxide
Medical Gas Systems
• Nitrogen (N2).
• Exist as a gas atmospheric temperatures and
pressures.

• Clear, colorless, and tasteless gas.

• Comprises approximately 78% of the earth’s

atmosphere.

• Used for pipe joining and pressure testing

purposes.
Nitrogen
• Used to power instruments.

• Used at 1100 to 1275 Kpa.

• Used at 160 to 185 psig.

Medical Gas Systems
• Surgical Air (SA7).
• Substitute for nitrogen for powering instruments
unrelated to human respiration (surgical tools,
ceiling arms, etc.).

• Medical air and instrument air are distinct

systems for mutually exclusive applications.

• Used at 1100 to 1275 Kpa.

• Used at 160 to 185 psig.

Instrumental Air
Medical Gas Systems
• Carbon Dioxide (CO2).
• Occasionally used for surgical procedures and
laboratory applications.

• Carbon dioxide is used less commonly now as a

respiratory stimulant, and for insufflations during
surgery. Pipeline systems for respiratory use have not
been installed in the UK but they are now being
installed for this latter purpose.

• Used at 370 to 420 Kpa.

• Used at 50 to 60 psig.

Carbon Dioxide
Medical Gas Systems
• Waste Anesthesia Gas Disposal
(WAGD).
• Used to capture and carry away gases vented from the
patient breathing circuit during the normal operation of
gas anesthesia or analgesia equipment.

• Used at 15 to 20 Kpa.

• Used at 114 mm Hg to 152 mm Hg .

Medical Gas Systems
• Waste Anesthesia Gas Disposal
(WAGD).
Medical Gas Systems
• Entonox (N2O/O2).

• Pipeline systems for a 50% mixture of oxygen and

nitrous oxide are widely installed in the UK for analgesic
purposes, particularly in maternity departments.

• Used at 370 to 420 Kpa.

• Used at 50 to 60 psig.

Entonox
Medical Gas Systems
• Heliox (HE/O2).

• Helium/oxygen mixture is used to treat patients with

respiratory or airway obstruction and to relieve
symptoms and signs of respiratory distress guidance on
pipeline systems is now included.

• Used at 370 to 420 Kpa.

• Used at 50 to 60 psig.

Heliox 21
Medical Gas Systems
• Dental Air (DA).
• The dental air supply must not be used for this orfor any
purpose other than clinical and dental laboratory
procedures.

• Very few dental chairs have their movement operated by

compressed air. If the dental chair is to be operated by
compressed air, a dedicated compressor for this purpose
must be provided.

 Used at 550 to 600 Kpa.

 Used at 80 to 87 psig.

Dental Air
Medical Gas Systems
• Dental Vacuum (DV).
• Ideally, dental air and vacuum should be supplied from
separate sources via dedicated pipework systems and
the medical and surgical air and vacuum systems should
not be used to provide dental air or dental vacuum.

• Used at 75 Kpa to 82 Kpa.

Dental Vacuum
• Used at 562 mm Hg to 615 mm Hg.