S.O.S.

in Electronics & Photonics

Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University
Raipur (C.G.)
Entrance Test
M.Tech. in Optoelectronics and Laser Technology
2014-16
Date – 12.07.2014
Time-11/2 hours Maximum Marks - 100
.

Candidate Roll No ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___Signature with Date ___ ___ ___

Signature of Inviligator_________________________

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

1. This test includes 100 multiple choice questions with no negative marking.
2. All questions carry equal marks. Please mark at the right answer in the answer sheet
3. Write your Roll number and Signature in the section above.
4. This Examination Paper MUST NOT be taken from the Examination Room.

1. Most commonly employed trivalent impurities are

(a) Boron, Indium (b) Arsenic, Antimony
(c) Boron, Arsenic (d) Indium, Antimony.
2. Most commonly employed pentavalent impurities are
(a) Boron, Indium (b) Aluminium, Antimony
(c) Arsenic, Indium (d) Arsenic, Antimony
3. When the temperature of an extrinsic semi¬conductor is increased, the pronounced effect is
on ........
(a) junction capacitance
(b) minority carriers
(c) majority carriers
(d) none of the above
4. A BJT is in the saturation region if:

1
 a. Base-emitter junction is reverse-biased and base-collector junction is forward-
biased.
b. Both the junctions are reverse-biased
c. Both the junctions are forward-biased
d. Base-emitter junction is forward-biased and base-collector junction is reverse-biased
5. For the BJT, the impurity concentration in the emitter (E), base (B) and collector (C)
are such that:

a. E>B>C
b. B>C>E
c. C=E=B
d. C>E>B
6. The relative sensitivity of a normal human eye to radiant energy of fixed intensity is
illustrated in the graph below

The normal human eye shows the greatest sensitivity to:

(a) ultraviolet light
(b) .green light
(c) violet light
(d) red light

7. What type of MOSFET does not have a physical channel that connects the drain to
the
(a) The D-MOSFET
(b) The E-MOSFET
(c) A dual-gate MOSFET
(d) None of the above
8. What shape is the output waveform of a differentiator with a triangle wave input?
a. A sine wave
b. A square wave
c. A ramp wave
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 d. A cosine wave

9. What purpose is served by a feedback resistor (Rf) in an integrator?

(a) To improve the low-frequency response of the circuit
(b) To improve the CMRR of the circuit
(c) To ensure that the circuit output (Vout) is centered around 0 V
(d) To improve the gain of the circuit

10. One of the following is not a semiconductor

(a) GaAs (Gallium Arsenide) (b) Indium
(c) Germanium (Ge) (d) Silicon (Si)
11. A semiconductor is said to be in thermal equilibrium with its environment if

(a) its characteristics remain unaltered with charge in device temperature

(b) its characteristics do not change with temperature
(c) for any process, there is a reverse process that occurs at the same rate
(d) the device temperature is equal to environmental temperature
12. Match the microscopes listed in Column I with their principle of operation listed in
Column II
Column I Column II
P. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) 1. van der Waals forces between atoms
Q. Transmission Electron Microscope 2. electrons to jump across a
potential (TEM) barrier
R. Scanning Tunnelling Microscope (STM) 3. diffraction of electrons
S. Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) 4. detection of secondary electrons
5. photo emission of electrons

(A) P-2, Q-5, R-3, S-1 (B)P-3, Q-4, R-5, S-2

(C) P-4, Q-3, R-2, S-1 (D)P-4, Q-3, R-5, S-2

13. Maxwell’s divergence equation in case of static electric field state that-
i. ▼.B = μo (C) . ▼.B = μoJ
ii. ▼.B = μo/J (d.) ▼.B = 0
14. Out of the three most commonly employed semiconductor materials, Ge, Si, GaAs, the one
with highest forbidden energy gap is

(a) Ge (6) Si (c) GaAs

15. Match the conventional ceramic materials listed in Column I with their respective
common
applications in Column II

Column I Column II

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 P. Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) 1. cutting tool
Q. Zinc Oxide (ZnO) 2. thermal barrier coating
R. Silicon Carbide (SiC) 3. actuator
S. Zirconia (ZrO2) 4. varistor
5. super conductor
(A) P-1, Q-2, R-3, S-5 (B) P-3, Q-2, R-1, S-5
(C) P-2, Q-1, R-5, S-3 (D)P-3, , Q-4, R-1, S-2

16. Maxwell's equations shelter on __________ law(s).

a. Faraday's
b. Gauss's
c. Ampere's
d. All of these
17. The abrupt change in refractive index from core to cladding of fiber-optic cable is
called the
(a) Total internal reflection
(b) Numerical aperture
(c) Dispersion
(d) Step index"
18. Calculate the optical power 100 km from a 0.5 mW source on a single-mode fiber
that has 0.10 dB per km loss.

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
19. Match the terminologies given in Column I with their relations listed in Column II

Column I Column II
P. domain wall 1. superconductors

Q. Fick’s law 2. mechanical properties

R. Matthiessen’s rule 3. ferromagnetic materials

S. Hall-Petch relation 4. resistivity of impure metals

T. Meissner effect 5. diffusion

(A) P-1, Q-3, R-5, S-2, T-4 (B) P-3, Q-5, R-2, S-4, T-1
(C) P-3, Q-5, R-4, S-2, T-1 (D) P-3, Q-4, R-3, S-2, T-4

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 20. A Half-adder can be constructed using two 2-input logic gates. One of them is an
AND-gate, the other is
(a) OR (b) NAND
(c) NOR (d) EX-OR
21. Each of the following Boolean expressions can be implemented using a single logic
gate except one of them. Which is that?
(a) z = (x+y) (b) z = (x.y)
(c) z=x.y +x.y (d)z=x.y+x.y+x.y
22. A logic gate with four inputs can have

(a) 16 possible input combinations, (b) 4 possible input combinations.

(c) 8 possible input combinations. (d) 2 possible input combinations
23. In a linear system, if an input x1(t) produces an output y1(t), and an input x2(t) produces
an output y2(t), then an input x1(t) + x2(t) produces an output y1(t) + y2(t). This property
of the linear system obeys ____________________.

a) frequency preservation property

b) orthogonal property
c) principle of superposition
d) amplification property

24. Given the following binary modulation scheme shown below:

The above modulation scheme is an example of _____________________.

a) phase shift keying
b) frequency shift keying
c) amplitude shift keying
d) continuous-phase frequency shift keying

25. A Wein’s Bridge oscillator uses

a) Positive feedback
b) Negative feedback
c) Both positive and negative feedback
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d) No feedback
26. An AM demodulator can be implemented with a linear multiplier followed by a
________ filter.
(a).low-pass (b).high-pass
(c) band-pass (d) band-stop
27. When a specific physical transmission channel is provided for the exclusive and
continuous use of each path through a network, this is called _____________.
a) SS packet switching
b) circuit switching
c) network switching
d) virtual switching
28. For ECL, the switching speed is very high because

a. negative logic is used.

b. the transistors are not saturated when conducting.
c. emitter-coupled transistors are used.
d. multi-emitters transistors are used.
29. In Zener and Avalanche breakdown diodes, current flow is due to flow of

a) minority carriers
b) majority carriers
c) minority as well as majority carriers
d) minority carriers (in zener diodes) and majority carriers (in Avlanche diodes)

30. Poynting vector gives the –

a. Rate of energy flow c. Direction of polarization

b. Intensity of electric field d. Intensity of magnetic field
31. A Which of the following types of electromagnetic waves have the longest
wavelength?
a. a. X-rays b. Infrared
b. c. Visible light d. Radio waves
32. An EM Wave incident on a perfect conductor is-
a. Full transmitted
b. Partially transmitted and partially reflected.
c. Full absorbed
d. Full reflected
33. Gauss law related the electric field intensity E with volume charge density ρ at
a point as-
a. ▼x E = έo ρ b. ▼. E = ρ / έo
c. ▼x E = ρ / έo d. ▼. E = έo ρ

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34. The slew rate Specification of an op-amp is usually measured in-
a. Microvolt per second b. Volts per microsecond
c. Decibels d. Volts per microvolt

35. A gain op-amp has an open loop gain of 110 dB and a CMRR rating of 106dB. What
should be the open common mode gain of this op-amp -
a. It cannot be determinate from the given data
b. 4 dB
c. 216 dB
d. 110 dB
36. The average conversion time in a 4 bit counter type A/D Converter run by a 10MHz
clock shall be-
a. 8 µs b. 400 µs
c. 800 ns d. 80 ns

37. A NAND gate in a positive logic system becomes in a negative logic system a/an-
a. AND gate b. NOR gate
c. NAND gate d. OR gate

38. Out of the following, the fastest A/D converter type-

a. Counter type ADC
b. Successive approximation type ADC
c. Dual Slope integrating type ADC
d. Flash type ADC

39. In a semiconductor diode, P-side is grounded and N-side is applied a potential of

a. -5V through a resistance of 100 ohms. The diode shall
b. (a) conduct fully (b) not conduct
c. (c) conduct partially (d) None of these

40. The large signal bandwidth of an op-amp is limited by -

a. Slew rate specification
b. Unit gain cross over frequency Specification
c. CMRR Specification
d. Open loop gain
41. The negative feedback is more effective if the loop gain is
(a) Small
(b) Large
(c) Unity
(d) Zero

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42. A differential amplifier having an open loop gain of 80dB was fed with 2mv DC at non
inverting input and 1.9mv DC at inverting input. The output will be-

a. 1 volt DC b.-1 volt DC

c. Zero as op-amp doesn’t amplify DC d. Indeterminate from given data.

43. While making measurements with op-amp, it was observed that current flowing
towards inverting and non inverting inputs were 4µA and 2µA respectively. The input
bias current in this case would be-

a. a. 4µA b.2µA
b. c.3µA d. 2.5µA

44. Name of the Universal flip-flop-

a. a. D FF b. T FF
b. c. RS FF d. JK FF

45. . If an electron moves in a magnetic field in direction parallel to the magnetic lines
of force then –
a. a. There will be no effect on its motion. b. It will stop after some time.
b. c. It will describe a parabola. d. It will describe a circle.

46. An RS flip flop is nothing but -

a. a. A bistable multivibrator b. A single shot
b. c. An astable multivibrator d. None of these
47. A microprocessor with 12-bit address bus will be able to access
(a) 1 kilobyte of memory
(b) kilobyte of memory
(c) 8 kilobyte of memory
(d) 16 kilobyte of memory
48. 29. An n-bit ADC using VR as reference voltage has a resolution ( in volts) of
(a) VR/2n
(b) VRn
(c) VR2n
(d) None of these
49. Speech signals are
(a) Random signals
(b) Deterministic signals
(c) Periodic signals
(d) None of the above

50. . The dominant mode in a rectangular wave guide is

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 A. TE01 B. TE11
C. TE10 D. None of these
51. A useful spectral model of many types of noise encountered in communication
systems is White noise. An important property of a White noise is that it has
____________________.
(a) a decreasing power density for all frequencies
(b) an increasing power density for all frequencies
(c) a constant power density for all frequencies
(d) an increasing power density for high frequencies only
52. One of the following communication systems is digital
(a) PAM
(b) PWM
(c) PPM
(d) Delta
53. The biggest advantage of VSB system is
(a) it conserves BW & overcomes the problem of low video frequency attenution
(b) lesser power requirement
(c) its bandwidth conservation
(d) simplicity of transmitter circuitary
54. A control system is said to be stable when
(a) Roots of characteristics equation have positive real parts
(b) zeros of the system have negative real parts
(c) Impulse response approacheszero when time tends to infinity
(d) none of these.

55. The characteristics impedance of a lossless transmission line is given by –

a. Z = √(LC) b. Z = √(C/L)
c. Z = √(L/C) d. Z = LC

56. Pointing vector gives the –

a. Rate of energy flow b. Direction of polarization
c. Intensity of electric field d. Intensity of magnetic field

57. VSWR is defined as the ratio of –

a. Emax / Emin b. Emin / Emax
c. Emin x Emax d. None of these

58. According to Nyquist’s theorem, the maximum transmission rate (in bps) on a
noiseless channel for a given bandwidth is:
a) Half the bandwidth
b) Equal to the highest signal frequency
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c) Twice highest signal frequency
d) Twice the bandwidth
59. With forward bias to a pn junction, the width of depletion layer
(a) decreases
(b) increases
(c) remains the same
(d) none of the above

60. In the depletion region of a pn junction, there is a shortage of ..........

(a) acceptor ions
(b) holes and electrons
(c) donor ions
(d) none of the above

61. A pn junction acts as a ........

(i) controlled switch
(ii) bidirectional switch
(iii) unidirectional switch
(iv) none of the above

62. The second law of thermodynamics can be given as __________.

(a) for any spontaneous process, the entropy of the universe increases
(b) ΔS = qrev/T at constant temperature
(c) ΔH0rxn = Σ nΔH0f (products) - Σ mΔH0f (reactants)
(d) the entropy of a pure crystalline substance is zero at absolute zero

63. Which of the following is a reversible process?

(a) melting of ice at 0oC and 1 atm
(b) melting of ice at 25oC and 1 atm
(c) evaporation of water at 25oC and 1 atm
(d) freezing of water at -10oC and 1 atm

64. Which one of the following correctly indicates the relationship between the
entropy of a system and the number of different arrangements, W, in the system?

A) S = kW B) S = k lnW C) S = k/W D) S = Wk

65. Which are the main parameters of an LED that are affected by temperature?
(a) Luminous intensity (brightness)
(b) power dissipation in p-n junction
(c) LED’s Material dispersion
(d) wavelength (hue or color)

66. Numerical aperture is:

a. “cone” of acceptance of a ray enters the fiber
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 b. proportional with Sin of the largest angle of a ray enters that will be
captured and propagate as a bound mode
c. proportional with Cos of the critical angle of a ray enters that will be captured
and propagate as a bound mode
d. A measure related to the refractive index of the core and cladding

67. When the matter is perturbed by a photon, it loses energy and the photon emitted
has the same phase, frequency and direction of travel as the original photon. This
quantum Mechanical phenomenon is known as
(a) Spontaneous emission
(b) Stimulated emission
(c) Optical amplification
(d) Quantum emission

68. Light is confined within the core of a simple optical fiber by

(a) refraction
(b) total internal reflection at the outer edge of the cladding
(c) Total internal reflection at the core cladding boundary.
(d) Reflection from the fiber's plastic coating.

69. Which of the following decreases when a negative feedback path is connected to an
operational-amplifier?
(a) Nn Bandwidth
(b) Voltage gain
(c) Current gain
(d) Stability
70. The energy of a photon of light is __________ proportional to its frequency and
__________ proportional to its wavelength.

A) directly, directly
B) inversely, inversely
C) inversely, directly
D) directly, inversely

71. Of the following, __________ radiation has the longest wavelength and __________
radiation has the greatest energy.
gamma ultraviolet visible
A) ultraviolet, gamma
B) visible, ultraviolet
C) gamma, gamma
D) visible, gamma

72. Sky looks blue because the sun light is subjected to __________.
(a) Rayleigh scattering

11
 (b) Compton scattering
(c) Both
(d) None

73. Microwaves and infrared radiation are different because infrared radiation
(a) Z cannot be reflected.
(b) travels at a greater speed.
(c) cannot be refracted.
(d) has a shorter wavelength.

74. It is observed that lightning affects AM radios more than FM radios. The hypothesis
most worthy of further study is that:
(a) AM signals have lower energy than FM signals
(b) interference due to lightning changes the frequency of radio waves
(c) interference due to lightning changes the amplitude of radio waves
(d) AM signals do not carry as well over long distances as do FM signals
75. Two negatively charge particle are accelerated in an evacuated tube and pass
through a region of uniform electric field. The particles strike a fluorescent screen at
points P and Q.

Inferences:
1. The particles travel at the same speed, but have different charges.
2. The particles have the same charge, but travel at different speeds.
3. The particles have different speeds and charges.
The inferences that may be correct are:
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 1 and 3 only
c. 2 and 3 only
(c) 1, 2, and 3

76. For long distance communication we often make use of fibre-optic cable. Which of
the following statements is correct?
(a) s Fibres made from optical polymer can be used over distances of several
hundred kilometers.

12
 (b) Fibres made from glass can be used over distances of several hundred
kilometers.
(c) Fibres made from glass are only suitable for short range communication.
(d) Fibres made from silica are only suitable for short range communication

77. One of the most widely used forms of light sensor is the photodiode. Which of the
following statements is correct?

(a) A photodiode is an example of a photoconductive sensor.

(b) A photodiode can be used as either a photoconductive or a photovoltaic sensor.
(c) A photodiode is an example of a photovoltaic sensor.
(d) A photodiode is an example of a photo emissive sensor.

78. Monochromatic light from a He-Ne laser (= 632.8 nm) is incident on a diffraction
grating containing 5000 lines/cm. Determine the angle of the first-order maximum.
a. 18.4
b.39.2
c. 14.6
d.27.7

79. The terms 'electrical' and 'electronic' have similar but different meanings. Which of
the following statements is correct?
(a) Electrical' systems are those that use large amounts of electrical energy, while
'electronic' systems involve smaller amounts of power.
(b) 'Electrical' systems are those that produce electrical energy, while 'electronic'
systems are those that utilise it.
(c) 'Electrical' systems are those that use direct currents and voltages, while 'electronic'
systems are those that use alternating currents and voltages.
(d) 'Electronic' systems are those that use direct currents and voltages, while 'electrical'
systems are those that use alternating currents and voltages.

80. The interdisciplinary nature of engineering has implications for the appropriateness
of specialisation. Which of the following is correct?
(a) Since all real engineering projects are interdisciplinary, all engineers should be
expert in all fields of engineering.
(b) The interdisciplinary nature of engineering means that all engineers should study
'general engineering' rather than specialise in a single area.

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 (c) Most engineers will wish to specialise, but all engineers must be able to work
effectively alongside others with complementary skills
(d) None of the above
81. Many sensors produce electrical signals in response to changes in their environment.
What function describes this operation?
(a) Generation
(b) Storage
(c) Processing
(d) Control
82. What description is appropriate to this waveform?


a. A binary waveform.
b. A varying unipolar waveform.
c. A bipolar alternating waveform.
d. A sinusoidal waveform

83. The output wevelength of an LED is

a. directly proportional to the bandgap energy of the semiconductor material.
b. inversely proportional to the bandgap energy of the semiconductor material.
c. proportional to the square of the bandgap energy of the semiconductor
material.
d. inversely proportional to the square of the bandgap energy of the
semiconductor material

84. Choose the correct Boltzmann equation if parameters have same meaning as in
above equation –
a. N2 / N1 = exp [(E2 – E1) / KT] b. N2 / N1 = exp [-(E2 – E1) / KT]
c. N1 / N2 = exp [-(E2 – E1) / KT] d. N2 / N1 = exp [(E2 – E1)2 / KT]

85. If N1 is number of atoms in lower energy level E1 and N2 is number of atoms in

upper energy level E2, they for laser amplification, the essential condition is –
a. N1 > N2 b. N2 > N1
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 c. N1 = N2 d. N1 ≥ N2

86. Attenuation in optical fibers is –

a. Mainly due to scattering. b. Due to absorption and scattering.
c. Due to model and material dispersion. d. None of these.

87. Optical communication uses the frequency rang of –

a. a. 109 to 1010 Hz b. 105 to 106 Hz
14 15
b. c. 10 to 10 Hz d. 1016 to 1017 Hz
88. A light beam is said to be plane polarized when –
a. Its vibrations are restricted to one plane.
b. Its vibrations can take place in any plane.
c. Its vibrations are stranger in one plane.
d. All are true.
89. A monochromatic wave is entering from one medium into another. Of the
following properties of it, the one that remains unchanged is-
a. Amplitude b. Velocity
d. Wavelength d. Frequency
90. A monochromatic visible light consists of-
a. A single ray of light.
b. Light of a single wavelength.
c. Light of a single wavelength with all the colors of the spectrum of white light.
d. Light consisting of many wavelengths with a single color.
91. Tunnel diodes are fabricated from-
a. Germanium b. Silicon
c. Either germanium or GaAs d. GaAs.

92. LEDs fabricated from GaAs emit radiations in the-

a. Infra red region b. Ultra violet region
c. Visible region d. None of these.

93. Sum of these is unity

(a) Reflectivity + Specular Reflectivity
(b) Reflectivity + Refractivity + Solubility
(c) Reflectivity + Refractivity + Scattering
(d) Reflectivity + Refractivity + Absorptivity

94. Planck’s constant

(a) 6.62x10-34 J. sec
(b) 6.62x10-34 J. Kelvin
(c) 6.62x10-34 Cal. sec
(d) 6.62x10-34 Cal. Kelvin

95. Four photons have the following energy values. Which one represents the visible
light photon?
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 (a) 24.8 eV
(b)12.4 eV
(c) 2.48 eV
(d) 1.24 eV

96. Refractive index of materials is approximately equal to square root of

(a) electrical permittivity (b) magnetic permeability
(c) electrical permittivity x magnetic permeability (d) None

97. Solar cell works based on

(a) Laser technology
(b) Photo-voltaic
(c) Photo emission
(d) Tyndall effect

98. A laser source gives light output of power P. If the wave length of the laser is λ, the
number of photons emitted in a time t in terms of the given parameters and
fundamental constants is
(a) Pλt/hc
(b) Phct/λ
(c) Pht/λc
(d) Pλ/hc

99. One of the important properties of the electromagnetic wave is –

a. Electric and magnetic field are in the same phase.
b. Electric and magnetic field are out of phase.
c. Electric and magnetic field are sometime in phase and sometime out of
phase.
d. a, b, c are correct.

100. Consider the following statements: pure germanium and pure silicon are
examples of:
1. Direct band-gap semiconductors
2. Indirect band-gap semiconductors
3. Degenerate semiconductors
Of these statements:

(a) 1 alone is correct

(b) 2 alone is correct
(c) 3 alone is correct
(d) None of the above

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 ANSWER SHEET

Entrance Test for M.Tech. in Optoelectronics and Laser Technology

2014-16
Date – 12.07.14
Time-1 1/2 hours Maximum Marks - 100
Note- Please marks X on the right answer.
NAME OF STUDENT……………………………………………
No. A B C D No. A B C D No. A B C D
1 34 68
2 35 69
3 36 70
4 37 71
5 38 72
6 39 73
7 40 74
8 41 75
9 42 76
10 43 77
11 44 78
12 45 79
13 46 80
14 47 81
15 48 82
16 49 83
17 50 84
18 51 85
19 52 86
20 53 87
21 54 88
22 55 89
23 56 90
24 57 91
25 58 92
26 59 93
27 60 94
28 61 95
29 62 96
30 63 97
31 64 98
32 65 99
33 66 100
67

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