Jazmine C.

Bunao
COC-2C

Why do people keep using it, despite the fact they would die or have a disease if they don’t stop using it.
First let us all find out what are the important terms needed to be considered like Addiction, Habit,
Pleasures and their differences. What are the common diseases people might acquire if they smoke and
how our Philippine government make a solution on how to decrease users or to totally phase it out.

Addiction is a psychological and physical inability to stop consuming a chemical, drug, activity, or
substance, even though it is causing psychological and physical harm. Pleasure a feeling of happy
satisfaction and enjoyment. Habit is a routine of behavior that is repeated regularly and tends to occur
subconsciously.

Their differences between a habit and an addiction isn’t always clear. Sometimes it depends on the
mindset of the individual. Cigarette smoking can be both. Some people, such as my wife, only smoked in
special situations, such as when drinking when she is stress. Some, like my father, started smoking while
on night guard duty in the Makati, because it was something you could do to keep alert without being
distracted he said. Of course, nicotine is addictive, so if you make a habit out of it, you may soon have an
addiction. And while habits can be tough to break, addictions are even harder and have more life-
threatening consequences.

1st, 2nd, and 3rd hand smokers

first-hand smoke refers to the smoke inhaled by a smoker and second-hand

smoke to the exhaled smoke and other substances emanating from the burning
cigarette that can get inhaled by others, third-hand smoke is the second-hand
smoke that gets left on the surfaces of objects, ages over time and becomes
progressively more toxic.

Secondhand smoke is smoke from burning tobacco products, such as cigarettes, cigars, or pipes.
Secondhand smoke also is smoke that has been exhaled, or breathed out, by the person smoking.

Third-hand Smoke" means the chemical residual of tobacco smoke contamination that clings to clothing,
wall, furniture, carpet, cushions, hair, skin and other materials after the cigarette is extinguished.
Nicotine residues will soak into a smoker's skin and clothing even if they smoke outside.

What is cigarettes or chemicals na nilalaman ng isang stick

There are approximately 599 ingredients in cigarettes. When a cigarette is burning, they create more
than 7,000 chemicals. At least 69 of these chemicals are known to cause cancer (carcinogenic), and many
are extremely poisonous.

These cigarette ingredients include nicotine, tar, and carbon monoxide, as well as formaldehyde,
ammonia, hydrogen cyanide, arsenic, and DDT.
Cancer causing chemicals that are contained in tobacco smoke include:

Benzene

2-naphthylamine

4-aminobiphenyl

Chromium

Cadmium

Vinyl chloride

Ethylene oxide

Arsenic

Beryllium

Nickel

Polonium-210

Currently all tobacco products available that are smoked deliver substantial amounts of toxic chemicals
to their users and those who breathe their smoke.

Nicotine is highly addictive. Smoke containing nicotine is inhaled into the lungs, and the nicotine reaches
your brain in just six seconds.

While not as serious as heroin addiction, addiction to nicotine also poses very serious health risks in the
long run.

Nicotine in small doses acts as a stimulant to the brain. In large doses, it's a depressant, inhibiting the
flow of signals between nerve cells. In even larger doses, it's a lethal poison, affecting the heart, blood
vessels, and hormones. Nicotine in the bloodstream acts to make the smoker feel calm.

As a cigarette is smoked, the amount of tar inhaled into the lungs increases, and the last puff contains
more than twice as much tar as the first puff. Carbon monoxide makes it harder for red blood cells to
carry oxygen throughout the body. Tar is a mixture of substances that together form a sticky mass in the
lungs.
Most of the chemicals inhaled in cigarette smoke stay in the lungs. The more you inhale, the better it
feels—and the greater the damage to your lungs. You can ask anyone working on bachelors degree in
any medical field and they will be able to tell you what damage smoking does to the lungs.

Diseases na makukuha pag nag smoke

Cigarette smoking is the leading preventable cause of death in the United States.1

Cigarette smoking causes more than 480,000 deaths each year in the United States. This is nearly one in
five deaths.1,2,3

Smoking causes more deaths each year than the following causes combined:4

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Illegal drug use

Alcohol use

Motor vehicle injuries

Firearm-related incidents

More than 10 times as many U.S. citizens have died prematurely from cigarette smoking than have died
in all the wars fought by the United States.1

Smoking causes about 90% (or 9 out of 10) of all lung cancer deaths.1,2 More women die from lung
cancer each year than from breast cancer.5

Smoking causes about 80% (or 8 out of 10) of all deaths from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD).1

Cigarette smoking increases risk for death from all causes in men and women.1

The risk of dying from cigarette smoking has increased over the last 50 years in the U.S.1

Smoking and Increased Health Risks

Smokers are more likely than nonsmokers to develop heart disease, stroke, and lung cancer.1

Estimates show smoking increases the risk:

For coronary heart disease by 2 to 4 times1,6

For stroke by 2 to 4 times1

Of men developing lung cancer by 25 times1

Of women developing lung cancer by 25.7 times1

Smoking causes diminished overall health, increased absenteeism from work, and increased health care
utilization and cost.1

Smoking and Cardiovascular Disease

Smokers are at greater risk for diseases that affect the heart and blood vessels (cardiovascular
disease).1,2

Smoking causes stroke and coronary heart disease, which are among the leading causes of death in the
United States.1,3

Even people who smoke fewer than five cigarettes a day can have early signs of cardiovascular disease.1

Smoking damages blood vessels and can make them thicken and grow narrower. This makes your heart
beat faster and your blood pressure go up. Clots can also form.1,2

A stroke occurs when:

A clot blocks the blood flow to part of your brain;

A blood vessel in or around your brain bursts.1,2

Blockages caused by smoking can also reduce blood flow to your legs and skin.1,2

The health consequences causally linked to smoking

Smoking and Respiratory Disease

Smoking can cause lung disease by damaging your airways and the small air sacs (alveoli) found in your
lungs.1,2

Lung diseases caused by smoking include COPD, which includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis.1,2

Cigarette smoking causes most cases of lung cancer.1,2

If you have asthma, tobacco smoke can trigger an attack or make an attack worse.1,2

Smokers are 12 to 13 times more likely to die from COPD than nonsmokers.1

Smoking and Cancer

Smoking can cause cancer almost anywhere in your body:1,2 (See figure above)

Bladder

Blood (acute myeloid leukemia)

Cervix

Colon and rectum (colorectal)

Esophagus

Kidney and ureter

Larynx

Liver

Oropharynx (includes parts of the throat, tongue, soft palate, and the tonsils)

Pancreas

Stomach

Trachea, bronchus, and lung

Smoking also increases the risk of dying from cancer and other diseases in cancer patients and
survivors.1

If nobody smoked, one of every three cancer deaths in the United States would not happen.1,2

Smoking and Other Health Risks

Smoking harms nearly every organ of the body and affects a person’s overall health.1,2

Smoking can make it harder for a woman to become pregnant. It can also affect her baby’s health before
and after birth. Smoking increases risks for:1,2,5

Preterm (early) delivery

Stillbirth (death of the baby before birth)

Low birth weight

Sudden infant death syndrome (known as SIDS or crib death)

Ectopic pregnancy

Orofacial clefts in infants

Smoking can also affect men’s sperm, which can reduce fertility and also increase risks for birth defects
and miscarriage.2

Smoking can affect bone health.1,5

Women past childbearing years who smoke have weaker bones than women who never smoked. They
are also at greater risk for broken bones.

Smoking affects the health of your teeth and gums and can cause tooth loss.1
Smoking can increase your risk for cataracts (clouding of the eye’s lens that makes it hard for you to see).
It can also cause age-related macular degeneration (AMD). AMD is damage to a small spot near the
center of the retina, the part of the eye needed for central vision.1

Smoking is a cause of type 2 diabetes mellitus and can make it harder to control. The risk of developing
diabetes is 30–40% higher for active smokers than nonsmokers.1,2

Smoking causes general adverse effects on the body, including inflammation and decreased immune
function.1

Smoking is a cause of rheumatoid arthritis.1

Quitting and Reduced Risks

Quitting smoking cuts cardiovascular risks. Just 1 year after quitting smoking, your risk for a heart attack
drops sharply.2

Within 2 to 5 years after quitting smoking, your risk for stroke may reduce to about that of a
nonsmoker’s.2

If you quit smoking, your risks for cancers of the mouth, throat, esophagus, and bladder drop by half
within 5 years.2

Ten years after you quit smoking, your risk for dying from lung cancer drops by half.2

Types of cigarettes (Vape, Tobacco, shisha etc)

Light, hand-rolled, natural, or herbal cigarettes. Smokers once believed that “light” and “low-tar”
cigarettes had lower health risks. ...

Menthol cigarettes. ...

Cigars and little cigars. ...

Clove cigarettes (kreteks) ...

Bidis (flavored cigarettes) ...

Electronic or e-cigarettes (vaping devices) ...

Hookahs (water pipes)

Revise a recent article saying smoking is a problem of DOH

The use of tobacco continues to be a major cause of health problems worldwide. There is currently an
estimated 1.3 billion smokers in the world, with 4.9 million people dying because of tobacco use in a
year. If this trend continues, the number of deaths will increase to 10 million by the year 2020, 70% of
which will be coming from countries like the Philippines. (The Role of Health Professionals in Tobacco
Control, WHO, 2005)

The World Health Organization released a document in 2003 entitled Policy Recommendations for
Smoking Cessation and Treatment of Tobacco Dependence. This document very clearly stated that as
current statistics indicate, it will not be possible to reduce tobacco related deaths over the next 30-50
years unless adult smokers are encouraged to quit. Also, because of the addictiveness of tobacco
products, many tobacco users will need support in quitting. Population survey reports showed that
approximately one third of smokers attempt to quit each year and that majority of these attempts are
undertaken without help. However, only a small percentage of cigarette smokers (1-3%) achieve lasting
abstinence, which is at least 12 months of abstinence from smoking, using will power alone (Fiore et al
2000) as cited by the above policy paper.

The policy paper also stated that support for smoking cessation or “treatment of tobacco dependence”
refers to a range of techniques including motivation, advise and guidance, counseling, telephone and
internet support, and appropriate pharmaceutical aids all of which aim to encourage and help tobacco
users to stop using tobacco and to avoid subsequent relapse. Evidence has shown that cessation is the
only intervention with the potential to reduce tobacco-related mortality in the short and medium term
and therefore should be part of an overall comprehensive tobacco-control policy of any country.

The Philippine Global Adult Tobacco Survey conducted in 2009 (DOH, Philippines GATS Country Report,
March 16, 2010) revealed that 28.3% (17.3 million) of the population aged 15 years old and over
currently smoke tobacco, 47.7% (14.6 million) of whom are men, while 9.0% (2.8 million) are women.
Eighty percent of these current smokers are daily smokers with men and women smoking an average of
11.3 and 7 sticks of cigarettes per day respectively.

The survey also revealed that among ever daily smokers, 21.5% have quit smoking. Among those who
smoked in the last 12 months, 47.8% made a quit attempt, 12.3% stated they used counseling and or
advise as their cessation method, but only 4.5% successfully quit. Among current cigarette smokers,
60.6% stated they are interested in quitting, translating to around 10 million Filipinos needing help to
quit smoking as of the moment. The above scenario dictates the great need to build the capacity of
health workers to help smokers quit smoking, thus the need for the Department of Health to set up a
national infrastructure to help smokers quit smoking.

The national smoking infrastructure is mandated by the Tobacco Regulations Act which orders the
Department of Health to set up withdrawal clinics. As such DOH Administrative Order No. 122 s. 2003
titled The Smoking Cessation Program to support the National Tobacco Control and Healthy Lifestyle
Program allowed the setting up of the National Smoking Cessation Program.

Vision: Reduced prevalence of smoking and minimizing smoking-related health risks.

Mission: To establish a national smoking cessation program (NSCP).

Objectives:

The program aims to:

1. Promote and advocate smoking cessation in the Philippines; and

2. Provide smoking cessation services to current smokers interested in quitting the habit.

Program Components:

The NSCP shall have the following components:

1. Training

The NSCP training committee shall define, review, and regularly recommend training programs that are
consistent with the good clinical practices approved by specialty associations and the in line with the
rules and regulations of the DOH.

All DOH health personnel, local government units (LGUs), selected schools, industrial and other
government health practitioners must be trained on the policies and guidelines on smoking cessation.

2. Advocacy

A smoke-free environment (SFE) shall be maintained in DOH and participating non-DOH facilities, offices,
attached agencies, and retained hospitals. DOH officials, staff, and employees, together with the officials
of participating non-DOH offices, shall participate in the observance and celebration of the World No
Tobacco Day (WNTD) every 31st of May and the World No Tobacco Month every June.

3. Health Education
Through health education, smokers shall be assisted to quit their habit and their immediate family
members shall be empowered to assist and facilitate the smoking cessation process.

How did a government make a solution (mag revise ka ng article siz, pati cover sa sigarilyo na diseases
na pwede nila makuha.

The major health impacts of smoking were established more than 40 years ago but Governments were
slow to respond to the growing health epidemic. Despite laudable tobacco control strategies in many
countries, globally deaths from smoking continue to rise and are forecast to reach 10 million a year by
the 2030's. There is now general agreement that in order to substantially reduce smoking rates,
governments need to adopt a comprehensive approach to tobacco control. This should include a range
of measures, notably: a total ban on tobacco advertising and promotion; restrictions on smoking in
public places and in the workplace; sustained increases in tobacco taxation combined with measures to
curb smuggling; large, bold health warnings on tobacco products; smoking cessation and health
education campaigns; and the regulation of tobacco to standards agreed by the health community rather
than those set by the tobacco industry. While legislation is to be favoured over voluntary controls, the
key to the successful implementation of these measures is winning public support and ensuring proper
enforcement. Given the enormous burden that smoking places on health services, governments in
developed nations have generally responded by introducing a range of tobacco control measures.
However, the picture is far from uniform and some of the best examples of strong, government-led
action have occurred in less developed nations. Governments can learn much from these countries and,
by supporting the impending global treaty on tobacco control, can help to reduce the smoking-related
diseases and deaths of the future.

Reasons why they smok, conclusion if it is a habit or a pleasure or both.

Source: https://themighty.com/2017/11/habits-addiction-
difference/https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/01/140130190453.htm

https://www.quitsmokingsupport.com/whatsinit.htm
https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/health_effects/effects_cig_smoking/index.ht
m

https://www.doh.gov.ph/smoking-cessation-program