The Collected Topics

qto{'T'

I. The Introductory Path of Reasoning t1s'rua'€('S'

i

A. White and Red Colors, Etc. Io'(1'5'l<'541{'<1N' .,.............. 1

B. Established Bases 1h'm'.............. ............... g

C Identifying Isolates {1'+(s'aEq'

G\.

.............. ........21

D. Opposite from Being [Something] fiq'fr1'&q'fiof..... ..........27

F. Generalities and particulars i'3'yt'......,....... .....32

II. The introductory Path of Reasoning-Tibetan Only

A. White and Red Colors, ptc. F'(1'IrrJ{'Iet{,{olS, ...............34

n
B. Established Bases ffi'y' .........;.........................40
C. Identifying Isolares {1'<r'(s'aEq'
-4
....,4g

D. Opposite from Being [Somettring] qlq'n{ql'alE'r'J1'............... 54

\J.\{

F. Generalities and Particulars

R\

$'5'51' ...............58
 4
F'5o1,II{"\fl{,{qJN,
White and Red Colors, Etc ,

:f . adq'?I' tuhh t,iu^,

"rrfth Ti',lnt
t^f0"6 qW
deJintendum deftnttion iilustration
F'\ql a(of 'I'sq"q
color n ia*r;, rer{:{l
that which is suitable as hue red S;''
o'^!"W 16
151<rl
form,
lSIdrS'S('q .E1s,D,d,ag5f
f, t
form fonn ,rrrJsphr{e
that which is suitabie as
..
'2ryY!i,;;Gr{b-,,D\e.r'LL,i tu,,-^i'),, , L'.t, 1, t.a,. t
ruW'D'8'*Brt F'i"t '
form sense-sphere #.1#15fl*5pl;#i* ;
objectbf-apprehendlon by selss nrair
an eye consciousnesS onr,# ditc'
G\ a9 _ShA$n suitr.tlo
,
R

55qsl n
55q<l'S'qflE'T$e{i ,(E.rql
shape thar which is suitable to be
Shown as a shape ,
long :

rn;nlr rf nh si t n ;yty?,t Li f 0,i,, l, y t. 2.,., I

a R so- t\inl,, A
^
nh a o-1" Lhb-, L-

$'$'4t51 ,G\RUU.
E{'5F:,a55'q. ry<i'3 {, qA'sr
*r ;lr
sound sense-sphere
"8?f$Eio?lFrring uy * tl./rc, Aln-rty |l'tn E
r-A,ciC
sound arisen frorii' diements
r

. :
ear comsciousneis nhi conJoined with consciousness
I
fiasna
(l
-t 6
crer I
^

odor sense-sphere * oo;ect\bf

fliflfl?,^iT;p;-. *,
experience by a
H4'$+r']'51
narural
-
v i "x'f nose.consciousness
-:-
yRn \ &ac
<r{d'ate5l qq'{'q
taste sense-sphere * "L,i;Affigl.
of experience by
oDJecf
bi;,1n,i1,,^y.
h salry
XJ'c
qi tongue consciousness
Rofgfi'd'aEIl
{tl
ll tangible object ,,*,*$ffiX9"*;q!,rr_
ooJect ot experience by a earth
sense-sphere
, body consciousness-
ltr,/-... ehi", Go-
dll otgt..rLirp
I'q('rr,q$'.q - 6s'1('1
earth
that which is hard religious conch
D'1 and obsuructive

{t ,'
 s
2 ,
.1;+
to'(1'Irl.,('5n5{1s'
a;,1
ulrl - urtte tmil q 4 B
Al,,l;. 6E'qq'qlq{'q €'er(':('arl
water that which is wet soda PoP
and moistening fi
flonl'
itlut iQ.'!"f'q
"h{^
a<frt
E
fire that which is hot butter lamP
uid burning
hrr.h A iV,r( *ln 7l'Lld"6 f iro|7 E
6q'l ni ut('q('T4'qf dofolh'tql
is light the wind that is the lower basis
wind/air ' thatandwhich
moving [of our world sYstem] fi
4 trnrr:Lti, ui L"7tn
qat'ql 5e{''{
'./ 5rl''T$'{l E
matter .sic 7la'1 that which is atomicallY
esublished
"i H,If \zfi^u t ; *-+6 n
>,,t. "l "ft
nl
t{'{
4€
I
6'qc'F'5ql s'qff'a(of [{('{l blue.
primary colol that which is suitable as
. a primary hue It
.:
{q'{ft'f'(ol {q'(h'a(ol'g{<'ol <S'{q'(ft'f'(tf fi"u "N"'iL'J 'i'i" *"^h
blue color that which is suitable the color of blue cloth
as a blue hue
n ./N 4, dR
ofr{'qf'4fi'fo'(ot miv o)a vn"{
N{'r.Jr{F'5ql <i<{n'n5ql'T5('{! U-

yellow color that which is suitable the color of refined gold

as a yellow hue
./n J
5s'1c'51i'ffi'p'(1 n^i't of, l'r''l'Lon t"i"
\rlj('qa'F'5ql 5,I.<'(A'a(of TS('{l
white solor ' that which is suitable as the color of a white religious
a white hue conch

(A' a(n1' g 5r's1 {5'4'{14'f'(.t nia'* r'd l"rr'1 ttloa

\ar;('(A'f'(1 Ial.{,'
red color ttiat which is suitable as the color of a rub;'
a red hue

,{E'nl1'1'F'5ql
C\4
q'a(o[T{<'ql (ol ''''_' 7'n 'rG 11
ltj"gr'o;"''
"tE'nrof .i{'\*,*fr*3'to
of an orange cloud
secondary color thatwhigh is suitable as a the color
secondary hue

k.
 White and Red Colors, Etc

53'ql
basis of diision divisions (illustration)
eic .ti rhonh {r1 +lubr,r. x ir
Itlst .tS.l*r'8
$'aEIl flA'$:r,ttt
G\ G\\

5ad'er65l
AU

form gic fonn sense-sphere ssund sense-sphere odor sense-sphere

-^ ^Vi 1{ \ xJts\\tA \
.{a'u'ar65l {1'5a'U'at65l
.t'
utSt
E
taste sense-sphere tangible object sen se-sphere
' s:i x( hin\ f,tto
^in
"151*r'D'E'aEIt r5qq F'(1 1?{l'ul5
form sense-sphere shape color

rBqY i<'q (R'gq'qq'{fi'5gns'),

shapq f-..-r,,h r,A/ .la\ long the shape of rhe king of mountains, Meru
(
V\ Cr6h,
U 3('ql (to,'Xq'g'$qs')
short the shape of a minute particle
ae *i; *6, rh-un c,,,^e,
ao eri'qI (<sa'15E'qq'.la'qlq.r'qd nq' i' r i qor )
f"
high the shape of an inestimable mansion in the Fourth .

Concentration

,r*f
,^/
\elrf'ql iffin 6*'i'rE.r'oF*'D'r$qs' )
low the shape of the sphere of wind that is the lower
basis [of our world systemJ

,rUnf gefa{ (F(tt TqHA'fBqor)

squafie the shape of a rectangular house

+^"&r ,* &'r- N
{fl'(t (q'qa'55{$')
round the shape of a ball

,it g'Q'qA'Ii1ql ((s'a7a'rrft'5$<s')

f.;'^ 7
level fbrm the shape of an even surface
,ry,C\R
*X+, l"t^., g'fr'<'a'fiq'{A'Ti1ql ((s'&'a7a'rrff'5$<s')
Ut
non-level form the shape of an uneven surface

{95'{51
,
l
,:i to'(1'tt<'5a<'{1s'
n
)4
F'5ql S'qA'F'(1. (51<{')
I
color prirnary cotor white :. *.
'NJ AJ .l
(q"t'(') 17q'q5l *+'l
"rE'nrTq'f'(.t ,E,{
T'

secondarycolor black

3'{a'F'\ql {q'{ 8*'{l I1{'{l 5ar.('(l qQ'.d\l

primary color ni,r c'['itr lr blue yeilow white red .

NN g\ 4,
c\4
qE'nlql'1'F'5ql I <' g+'..14'fl {'g'F'5ql Gq't*,*8*3'ro'(ot')
the color of a cloud which is the color of an orange cloud
secondary colol vn'r} f rr

that [i.e,, a secondarY color]

i*'g^'oE'Tqfi't 'iol $"'{qf i'F'fi') smoke

the.color of smoke which is that the color of blue'black
.ri \.'vafr

\l'q<'tE'tnr'$'F'(1 (Y'3'ro'i'l'd'+) :

the color of dust which is that tlre grayish color of dust

(q s' E'El' xa' r.' (qF d' )

i<qi.ra'ry|flft'tn:(tt ^'$1
the colgrof mist which is that thg bluish colpr of mist in the east' t
lnG\J
g,<' qA' fl (' qa'F' 5ql (H<'qA'F'(l'rr^'U')
\.('
the color of illumination the whitish color of illumination
which is that

i*'Q*ruft'4E'ar&'F'(1 ({E'qq'i'to (ot') ,

the color of tlarkness which is that ttre color of black dafkness

i*'q^'na'Eq'offT'(I (Qq"\'hq'*A'F't-l')
the color of shadow ,ufrirt is that the color of the shadow of a tree. ;
' :
-'r'

i*'q*off')'aE'd5'E<3'to'(1 $'4ff'd5'5n{'R''('3'F'(1'),,,
the color of sunlight which is that the color of orange sunlight

qg5'"r5!
lliri White and Red Colors, Etc
-rhnnh X/
qa'$'a851
sound Sense-sphere sound arisen from elerient, ,onjoined with consciousness :

,o! Gl"- s\ .? R
erEq'{a'{.r5('q:nl$'_9..:('{a'fl 17{l'q^t5l
sound aripen frorn elements not conjoined with consciousness

or Eq'rrfi'ag<'q'qor'€('qfi'Qaq'uE'16&'fl'TE'q
,
pleasant articulate sound arisen from elements-fonjoined _,,1fl 4

i.i:,
1g'as'5\'oln(',.r4'fl') .tifir*r
the sound of a lama teaching doctrine 'I"'
GRd
E q' <ft ' n g(' q' nr N' qE' q fi ' {aor 6 q' gq' rrff ' &'
T ry T{'.t I

unpleasant articulate sound arisen from elements conjoined

with consciousness ,,'
-Jt
(f q'{<r'{,lR' IUE'otE('{A' fl
'
)
the sound of a reprimand by an official ,'
'

i q' <E' aq(' q'q $' qR' qA' qer $' s q' &' {q' q h' fl ' T{'.r
I' t

pleasant inarticulate sound arisen from elements conjoined

(5s' ol <' q$'fl ,(' 6'1I(' qA' '

fl )
tlre sound of a bagpipe played by a musician

E q' <r fi ' aq<' q' ot <t' q(' qff ' Sa q' s q' e' {q'., A' ' &' T E'.r I
T fl
unplelsnnt inarticulate sound arlsen frorn elemengs c'r-rnjoined
with consciousness :

(S'ft'eA'fo'E<q!olqfi'q') :

the sound of the imfact of a policeman's fist

a' i q' < fi ' agR' <t' Gl s' qr'<fi ' I a s' e q' q d' {
T {E' H' T E' I

pleasant a,rticulate sound arisen from elemerlts not conjoined ' '.
with consciousness "
,qr G\
.f\ \
q orqfq: q'or qB q'qs'q(' qff ' *, ('
Gq'q(' f,(' )
a s0m that arises in dependence on the wiird rustling a uee
' d$i r-o rr'1--

il
 f il'ff.\'xa{j("{T$'
a'!q'{fi 'aq('q'nt$'qc.'{ft '{as'sq'
T {E'qA' il'&'TE'.,!
unple.asantqticulate sound arisen from elementb not conjoined , :

with consciousness
a\.
(y'<a'1('E ql' qq' Bof go'fl 'qfi 'fl '
)
the sound of harsh words spoken by an emanated person

a' h q' <rfi ' aq(' q' q+t' q('qA' {as'sq'T &' $q' o E' y X. <I
pleasant inarticulate sound arisen from etrement, not coqioined
with consciousness
-!gl
r 6\ R
(qru'<ti'1('Eql'q$'&q'S'qT('sfi '1' )
tht sound of a flute played by an emanared person
:

+' E q' rrfi ' aq( q' qst'Q< :<ft : Qax's 1' T
&'
, ,
{q. o fi fl &' T q' o I
unpieasant inarticulate sound arisen from elements not conjoined
with consciousness

d,l&"
0 "/^l"',/[i"'i;)
/,
-l{rlonrU,rvi the sound of.a sueam
G\.\ 1 j\

5a'd'er65l BS'$s'!'it $*'q..\'il l?s'(fl

odor sense-sphere rratural odor ma[ufacnred odor r

-
mqr.
or i'fi*'.rt (sq'fq'$'\') \'&.Qa'qt
(&,oF('qA'i')
rhia U&,rr fragrant the o{o1of . unrygrant the odor of w;t )e-,
odor sandalwgod odoi excremenr
,1
g\

E'+?*'sl (a{\i'U'I') i'&'a7a'rr1 ({.t'.{A't)

Ylr.t,r" nLe equal odor the odor of unequal odor of
the odor rn L *in-,.r
ricc garlic
*./
./
, {u{
Vl
iA'$'ert51 d{K{'{l (s'<a'3'i') (fta,5f i'1,
sweet Q^'Oi
taste sense-sphere the taste of -
s6uf the tasE of lemon
n?f,r molasses sh,r,.
 White qnd Red Cofors, Etc 7

A;tnk

F'qI
biner of astringent the taste of bread )a\
the taste
gendara )4*,"{hL hg\trt
chiretn
cauy .tttAn
r;'
$.,
!':. I
6'ql (1'frf i')
qqt{'ol (eots'{A'{'y
TT'(It
pungent the taste salty the taste of salt ,L.,rc tJt
of ginger '
-
hu'(,-r. &u' 'tnal- oa'6
c\.1 vt'ni,', !-tt'l'
R.l'SA'8'aE5t aq(.'q,{'g{'{n"(1'51 t

tangible object tangible objgct which is an element

sense:sphere

ag(:aq.:(:3'Rol.gl olls'(51
tangible ob.fect arisen from the elements

aq('q{'q*'qf iot'gt +r[ €t {

tangible object which is earth warcr fire
{ql
wind
sQ,d5l

an elemdnt ,
rJ
1.,
- iln ga; h 4h a,.
aq('trq.('$'ao[Sl i*'g*'*ft:aEa'<1 +.'- c\
\*'g*.rfi'g6,o! 5,('g,<'{a'g'1'
acrc-t.(l

tangible 9bjrytarisen smoothness which is

roughnOss which heavinesswhich '

from the elements , that [i.e., a tangible isihat is rhat i'

object arisen from /
thd elementsJ
,, l-,
c\
J6r
i*'q*'oft'q(;q! $*'g*'ofr'I('ol 5.{'q.('r.tR' :T $ r.ll .

,
r.l ..
l:i
t,: ${
lightness which . sold which is that hunger wfrich iq thal'
'11
,. :,-
',)
fhal_
,I
.
"j:

,f i

thint which is that '

 1:,1::,],r'
..1::
i.l, i'
;a'l, i '

&tLl .'
,r
,i+ui.1,i <C
.
tftii i. A,l
' ' i r'l:r:' 6.

IE'T{'
:rt,

-Estabtished Bases

adq'?5' 4;^0 U*1

(illustration)

Nhii-d6h i*yr^ft

^)r'\',

";W ed t"-
Qs'St
object ofknow
ii
q5'q[ -]luu

existent

Soq r\/r' {E'q'('6'aHq'eq

phenomenon
eJ'Pi.,7-r',9 ,
{Qa'$ ea,l

,gbJect
rjf con oUjeci ry$ad by vali{ioenition nhf ,th}' ti c rl'tt
ch.Angnli .
i.$q cJnhrtran
{,.T.ffi i>xi''7t";rl {u3' clnm) '
'=-i)4* Loant;"" "-01r",*oor,-or; "ffi#ffit'
!qal'etEIE'g'Iqnl'51 qa' arfs{' g ot' E 1$ o ig o1 4 ^'ft a* qt rtv't''}'n tr'

object of comprehension object realized by an omniscient coniciousness

'
:, of an omnicient con-

lffio[q1 x *;y <q' nH q' 61' { q' fi T qrq" { A' 6 or' 3 or' 61 <1' &l j('5' ql
1'
idden phenonoenon r}ffiffiffiffift}ri$drr by ttre conceptualbonscious-
ryaTer
'vr'.*': sb la$nu-t*a-1f=
'N-e+ o
""f"f.)"yA:Judo; r^!r]."$,rnc
d
 Established Bases 9

,{ S. c\ !'-
qTq'5('5'5(,iq.q|ET{rt'6{'-9.,:6"b,{{h,,fljn1:
qI'q r''{r
1l,,dnv 5*'r.'@fultfll {c.J;',r.+
permanenr phenomenon that which is a_comrno4,locus of a phenomenon and th.
__ _ .- ry!-*ggllery
__-_.__=_-
_ ! ,[f,.0T
,

r'
(frS'5t'51t5(tt'1?s1l n=q'fl'5s'}'qa'aFn'), 5[.'A';t24'
object of knowledge; the twoeermane&Lphenomenon and thing;
!,!9,*K r;*g {f *ffi il;e;:iw.-?,^;;w#m;-{{g;,;{r,
a.u4,\\ +Lltryv
uncornpounded space o.t.l^v-\(,( t-q{( uL a6l L

'5cl.clq.{5
UaJddq n'
g' aqu'r s a' *' {*' ufi ' 6s
E'*sq! T 1

generally characterized a phenomenon that is mercly imptrlgd-by1gr1us llc-olre-eptualiry-

phenomenon ana is not established as rspecilfically characteilzed
phenomenon
-r..rc70'
{ ff-- R [*-;.-
ar q {F E' 55' a'1lfl 1' a.-l
5'(<'<il''tt 5 E' 5
conventional ruth a phenomenohmfifmm-dtirnately to perform a function
vB Th-,"i" P\dP..
ttlo/
./ \

\(s'er5'g'6:sll (l'5t'1s'{<'\'6oq yi,ti1

t-./
,s''cr&4" t'tv.
phertomenon that a phenoineiron that is empty of tlre capacity to perforrn a function '
is a non-thing- : "
v6 vr Ph,ip
lc{../
!nn},.[, ii L* +.
rr1(l'et'5\l'g'6sl rTl' otq$' lsar' &' gr'<ft'6s1
d'
of which the tluee-production, cessation, and abidi-ng-
9arih .}'11
uncompounded a phenomenon
phenornenon are not suitablP ffV'
or fi:aEryqft'E1 ue *k1"ddy
'/ non:disintegratingphenoqrelon
,tO LaL f\a-( ,. . j
: :
n .r,
et'5q'qrr'5(ll el'd<l'qrr'61 vb sanh ftT
non-cieated :
non-produced phenomenon
phenomenon

5(s'{ (n'Bt'1s''{l (Sat'ul TSat'ol?'q')

thing -th"" fud. that which ls able to pol; the two, pillar and pot
perform afunction

e'E1't fl5'E1'flf l+olpr., Lt'/" , e'L no.,

'. '^\
impermanent momentsry phenomenon -

ll'::T:"o*
vu tfu]'um5
t sf.r-nn ?u"1i
' ' 1.,
''\''" '*J
?hof )i . /".d'trry'a nr(t4
4..'-
1. '1)"''
.'..
'' ,;,.
- 11.
*-ir
/
:
q

/;"
/'L'

,/_ , /,,. /\A r,

i.
 I 6\.

10
on.1q,

'it
$$'ql Ti'r- 8*'ol
g^^h
r\{r
product produced phenomenort'

alq'$N! +,,i, 'r p#P $'5olol'ol{$'1s41'$'{[ srnh rri-l Jv r,

compounded that of which tre tlree-prcduction, cessation, and abiding-

phengmenon - are suitable

or aElrrJ 4"^1cU),t
frdf :

disintegratin g phenomenon

Sl q.h',i"
8r'5ry nl'fin i 'nin0 s\"\
cause producer
4 .,1_-
or r{q'n51$'551
helper
- :'
qrlrnn ea'
':e\nh Icl'I &t'
a{4l'sl qA\'51 o*^i , solgl^I^v ; A'iauza t''; 1ua-
:

-/
Q,,t r
effect

',,
.qE"er6El_
1d b'b\T
rf"m'tt'"1.f*'@a'qq'G^.'i'erdq'?5"!s'
-1*rfi,81
h,i r*gffi, *yffi: , '

specifically charac-
w:t*{"ti:*u
chHr#cter u4r;
firat is establibhed by way of its own :.1

tsrized phenomena
'witt out being merely imputed by terms or
^phenornenon conceptuality i '

or fl'6ot.io[q5olo|.6ara.fiq''.l<'sq'<'\,3q'fi<'a.Qq'rlfi]
{t'gotol'!'(s'qs'$'q
that which is established frotr its own side of its own uncommon
mode of subsistence, without being merely imputed by terms or
concepruality
clG n di', rha,6,'5h ;), zb'
1n./
(q'5*'qiq'qi 5E'\rt'{,\'5{'55'1S'{(l'6{l1,
ultimate mrth
:€\
erRq'q<|
manifest phenomenon
Aia -ti;
.rY ,y\/
iffi i. Established Bases i1 , i!
l.iii, .:11 .'ll-
't-$ff
;riir,;r
Other Definitions i
i

' /
I

)l : ' -.,' vr\!'''*A

",t1.*nA;^L02^ *,,i L.ri,,,haqn\{ttt}i^L,i"ich
'41.
ir
.L,',
tsir
ria'{l e.i, ?hNlo
t r {ol'['{q'{l
t J&$aAl;4 a/
"
'I
l',
i

i
ff_,, n, .:.r ^\!^::::rufff'#;;Wyy%Li;y".hw",d^*^
$a'qar!.ll '7atu eic rr','f ' (rl'o')
r extemal rnaner.I,,,,h,) ,
* !-1 ds'SA-q5'g<rarq$t'{A'tq'T{Oq
,ta+ that which is atomically esnbfistred irj i, no, pillar I

i , gtc 71,t1, included wittrin tfre c'qEl-inuum of a person I

r,c,r ,
- \rc^r ..{
-s-1 , n A n 6ooh^fri- - *"d 'a,h t-lii c
1\ "l {l fs sr{-gTuN'{{st:{R'<q'5'flq'r{
, internal maner
urlerrr.rr "/'' A u
ur4]lsr l'1, I In., ,"ti.iists atolrugalry
ulal wlul:u estauiistrilu
atomicity es[aollsneo isatu4!4+ry@,{'cA>
ano ls,4uLwqt, Yf '1' r'- ',>.
tl'i,r_rJ,
included within the continuum of a persond'h;^'l * y^
i
+i
"h kl I

(&ol'5q(:liql'qg$'g+#t'5'ol5ts'3(i' u
t\,in: t..,^. nD, or,,nA,]'rn^h
| "vt'6" L.irn r e-
^h^p, ,: i

ey€ sense qowgr; contaminated form-aggregateappropriated [r]uough

.:,
I

-
,nhfi, orr-n , the {orce:lffi"trff
Trr_",,r;,ffi5[rt * *,r,*!,y,,,.1_i,11iu-
i

#:.i ffi .,,,,,*]l:-y,+',+$:=s'u'si+tff

.{li'11^,,,:,
''{a'15\|':lsolsl'gE'I('oll
r"'t 'lt a
}FU:tW I

. , eye sense power '::;:" t S,jliation,

a clQaunternal-fom-thatis fre uniominon;.b.i*riil:s " i
,:' I
'41 i

liry ")c ,tinit,,t,*ttn-".t,tq' of-Ilpo$neffect,anqyeconsciousness /"Er's;', r/,1,-,,ti Et,^,i4:),,cn"t.:{i,)?,

!ih,1,1,",f.1,i-ctth
.!n7i'14tdrr1 t.ti ctth Lht,ot ,tt.l{..^J,
tA,,,!1,,i , l'F"'ry:!_c-:adyh o:rPN"l n,!L
-,:-"!_::'.:{'-'::;1{_?1 a,!i'!?'* '* ,:u'
,
"
'' "'i
ginAtt:;'r', t,i a cqt rt; 7" ii 1
11..^f
, li .i, tt (54'qsa'nH'Q1}'t$qs'E.\'era'a'5of q'sff'q<' ,' ,
^. N ' n

Wrv la,i 1 c, a a,h; th"1-a\a, ,,f c/ft',:h c\

b+;*nJ ".!i,)" ^,J
)o''k/,,t ;), T'otsotq'gE':('q')

.:. nhr Can .: .

' I
---qr

'.t'' A gi

,,, {a'qR'1r151{'SE'Iq:q .

ear sense Power a clear internal forrn that is the uncoriunon empowering cond"ition
of its own qffect, 4n gar consciousness
;

I
qtls'w*l'rufi'qI'E'IBqs'{:f ilgdt'.,t'q6I'{'r{: gft,'qc.'\' ..:
':i::
l:
i -l
a shape in th9 rcntinuum of.!fur challenger that is a clear intemal
form like a6ut bundle of whEa\
/t\
 ' l"'
G't

t2 Tq,T<'
,o \)
b4 un
.\('aI+r'Xff'qa'QorE'5q"fi<'a'fiq'rrfi'qt"l'&q"Tq*
flfr'Iq('(l ,

qfi'Eq'\'ru1<r'6E'I('q
nose sense power a clear internat form that is the uncommon ernpowering condition
of its own effect, a nose consciousness

(5 *r' < a a' sff '

qI :
$" 5 ! <s' x n ofl U' fi
'
F
q'
? s' q fi q' 5a' E('
t'
i'tSols's{':R'q')
a shape in the continuum of the defender that is a clear internal
f"Hii6 ffi rinJqepeer needles side by side
q, rL c'f^
^i1
Ea'5q('ql x,r.'rr{N'8ft'q*'Qq'U'gE'f;q"et'QE'Eft 'o5T'Dq' 1'q*'

tongue sense power h clear internal fonn tfraq is- the uncomrnon empowering condition i,,
of its own effect, a tongue consciousness
i

'7',
.. r' t".t
-
qils'rua'.rft,q5'U'i5q*{'fi 'Ta'qsI'rl'q,"Sft ' qq't'5€olo'l'1
6q'1('{') ;
a shape in the Cor-rtinuum of ttre challenger ttrat is a clear interna.l
form'like a cui half moorl
l.hin i"
qs'$'5<c'{1 ,{(' a ! $'S $' U' qn' Q
or:
B' 5 {" fr <'
er' fi q"'{ A' q5 ol' & {' 5 q*'
{a' E('ql'13lIN'Sq'IR'ql
body sense power a clear internal form that ii ttre unconrm6n empowering condition
of its own effect, a body consciousness

(SnrqsR'qa"q5't'55qor5' i,n1'q'nea'$'ru1s'q'rH'sa'E('
\'olSols'g{'I.'o')
I shapp in the continuum gf ttre defendgr S{ irl when
clear intern.l.lof,
todched"
iAA ritrictr is like theskin of a bird tcalled] "soft '
1
$^lu n a. rninh
qq'r.ll I(|rll'q(',:q'n{l (fiofQor)
. consciousness that which is clear and knowing eye consciousness
i
€ E-- -^-
,(ql'..11
ffI
awareness a knower
t-arn rn ,rr h

Gbel
+lan'
 Established Bases t3
$r ,-an

5q('qy d,('q'sq'fi<'a'fiq'qfi'q5l'aq'fr;G$+s{,{'q'
o-"",-l,-,tr.
consciousness
sense
qEq'qs'8iliffi;TX;ii;;i',tl','i::'':l'l
,!','t"oi'";'iu
't'i'" ba"

a knower that il prodi,6ed in deiefidence on its own uncorlmon

qiq.r /i g,^,tc-
n ', eTJ9I9!!gl!!di!!9n,
empowerins nhviinrl sense
condition- aa phyiical

.\l,i's.'o.".rq,oi,,('itffiff(f{ifi:o#tG*:^
Iv I I'-
powe, .,;;----l-:"-"
o.^oo -^.,,o:

.'/-l -l -'g 'r

___t_.
,,, - iYi---" ,

$*
U,r*, lai*,
aara y*^ l^fr
-

ifl'{l gu,,',minh nhia ,,,^rrl, t hi;-l,.ti1

eht,6z ttao *l:u* L9n
e'i-" trrr:W
'ZfYrSW
mentar consciousness .fi:;Hgdl,l;lGf.A
te{kfl;?n'(r'o*nnuncomrnon ii

n61n7L,it|"'tffiffiffi;;;P"J;;"1....,:'...1,-','.ffi
&ofQq {('q'SE'fii'a'fiq.qA.q51,Aq Brl,5q(:5<,5&1s,gq, r

't-13__1 s' ryqE {'Es' o'.a'!l"q 1i i:,*: I i :;;;i!',

1 !; 1, ;,
*Li
d
eve consciousness a knower rhat is produced in aep#ci#c;'#'i#6#,f , #ia/,;,1;" .+6;;Ltfig
,, s6ndirien;trr;;t'" ii;.i-iol**,
- il"-'ol"r#'Jjly va n :a't, -/ofi
_1 , r,c,,**
"ppo*erinF
oO;ect.condition,avisibleform
.ii,r,
-u
IlArLhnGt:r,ri.,;,,t*:.
q'ql,r
W

rAm, )xr LXnalht)-drc

Ird-
r,a,,).,{('q3qgs=q{=asiq0qt
| XBi:!i(.,ffi6#1:1'!{ir'
l^ lrl-LQn-
Tqt,Ag'*:OY*A"C"
m:* r; : :y
J -plr ^'
ear consciousness d ff "ffi
qXffi lLs \ z,i#.^ffi;: #*^ff X #i f T;
/'r',a@Iy:g:*:ed.1n
\)^'|, r. ,
,,;,
^n
depenarii.6- oniir';rr; llqbg,!!qq, L," ',I *ulc-
erqpqwgruglandide& tlp_ear sense power, ana anififfiA. .,:i.;,:,

. ! .r i.
-il)1,/\,14L
oUjecl94didqn,aso_-und--
-
(r\ .
i
fl'q\'li {('q'Iq'fi<'a'fiq'{fi'q5ol'0q.flfi,Iqq,(I<,I&op,0q.il
nl'{ frq'qs'$s'rf i,1r1
nose-consciousness a knower that is produced in dependence o-n its own uncornmon
. , empowering condition, the rrose sense power, ana an oUservi-a"
object-coqdition' an odor
,1),;t l^,;cz
B'Q*q {('q'Sq'fi<'a'eE'qfr,qiT$q,$fi.fq.,{.Iq,I&on,0q.i,

tongue consciousness a knower that is produced in dependence on its own uncommon

condition, the tongue sense power, and an observed-
, "mpowering

g{'qy {('q,Sq,fr<,a,fiq,qfi,q51$q,gs:U,Iq(,{,I(,t&1r,$q:
^ g'or qB q'q s'
8s'rfi t <rl
Rol' ' n;'

body consciousness a knower that is produced in dependence on its own uncommon

empowering condition, the hidy sense power, anA a11obir*EA.
-'- -'*
G D,?Wp by
object-condio:kl tangible objeit

K:z('"tff -;; s
r:r^ : dn ^ W:f 4
. ;;^(
t'
;a l)t,,n rt -rffi n--t ,

rlt"& {Ew ffi^Ia ;rt"wni" rry w;f ^)tun'

 I
)!^r-us:-u^a,,i^
qq'a{'a1'551'-
t
c\ ---a-\-Ha-nnUA!|,^ t@^1' Ll ":*-
L I
^
Aafisilq'5q'*'Qq'<fi'5(s'(1 (5(s'{1 5l q'il(') ffi
non-associated com- a [functioning] thing that is neither , thing; horse; ,ox
ilif2
matter nor consciousness rn;+ "il 6 nld, sn c E
b;+ r,tr,g +rd;rl lnt g htfi ,)")'c-
ql
S1 {'q$' 1(' S('n'fi q'qft '5(s' { .I
a [functioning] thing that is neither form norconsciousness
n 9^^b oliil h-
^
Qa'Q s' 1(' S(' n'
q{'<rfi '
{qgq
a compounded phenomenon that is neither matter nor consciousness
!
-.--!.--.-r- ^---1 .-4--i -.
1('.iql E
person a being who is imputed in dependence upon any of.the five l'' ..

kL
r, ./ g\ i,
(l'$a'd'ql ./
agglegates
H
!of .J'ol1*r'1(' 5('q'Rrl1{'ota[al'{{'{E'oF'eol
common being
D1 +inl r,fr1nrn
n
+rn\
a person who.fa-s rrot anained a Superior's path of arty of
the three vehicles
\l
n+rf, ot r(,
16\./
n,1 t
>o tl"t '
"I
lsql q's'(l'a[qq'{a'6(ll
-l_1__ -
(Qs'st rq') T
!
phenomenon that is notdiverse object of knowledge; pillar

.q'\51 {'{'<fi'Es1 D, rh+ I

different phenomena that are diverse

(iof5(s'1lq Qs'g5<'(I'q'1}y r1sff1?1

the two,-permanentphenomenon and thing; the rwo, object of
knowledge and existenq the two, pillar and poq I
l:

olQ' y'I<: 65'as' y'.t' oli s'

)
the twQ, established base and that which is established by valid
fi
cognition

Aq'{.r'if'<fi'Qs'91
+l,,iai Ui
object of knowledge of that observed as a common locus that is (1) something of which
I
which being it is being it exists and (2) also is suitable t i 5e a" objeciof an
possible awareness
I

I
 Lstabt$hed Bases 15

&q've'fit'qfi'qof gl 6f 'E'qq'<'&5'ri"wq"qq"EA'Sftl'I'S'SE"q.(r{(,qq".rfi"on.
d+ ti- ci-tr, ar{q"q,<'5&1s'r-r1
object of knowledse of thoqe. observed as a common locus of being (l)
which being it is-not {phenomenal of
y$rh b.yg thern does nor exisr and (2) Iiio Uiing suitabte as
possible objects of awareness i

,r^,ror. rA d;ul q1n^l r,lon

^ut
sl y\/, ntnrta, <<'nt4ffia55=rr=
llI,it
rrl /a)F- 5(s'S'qs5'{fi'{nr'
61s.{.\,g,q
negadve phenomenon
e:.bj:,91 realized by the conceptu.al consciousness apprehending
'.,r0( o$,so'pr" +i t"a it in the manher of an explicit elimination of its objbh of negaiion
{1I'ZA

non-pomanent phenonrenon; opposite from not being pot

to'ot <q' nH q' 6qN' q $' {E'i' f of ol'S, f (s' y <o5 " r.r i' { nr' Bs,,
qJ+1,,^"\ 61s' r{*'S'E'erqE'r.,lfi 'S'1
positive phenornenon a phenomenon that is not an object realized by the conceprual -
::?.y?y:l:ls. s it in ttre mann 6r or an expici leUmiria ti on
of its object of 1p_qrelendin
negation
r:

(S*l't'i') '

pos t
, ,,,:-t'
:. _.

trTq[ t(' I' q i'E' ri' $' q T' <c.' rd{$' qa' fi E, q i' q' q' B f ' D' i1 s,
^B
s'1{$'ql
virtue thu which is indicated.in scrip-nre and abides as a type that issues forth
happiness as its fruitional effect

66ru'fias';

&'ri"qr ry K"
q
ry{
"..r' (' jq(' (.r5(l q 6[H E' qfl(.|' R
5' fl H T' B E' 8 5' D'
s\j $qtr'
dql$'s'qiqs{'rJ[
nori-virtue that whicfr is indicatedln pgripture and abides as a rype thar issues
" forth suffering as its fnririofial effecr
.* 4,
(flq!'qi55'..t')
killing t
 \6 ffi'1ro"

ry('I'erqHE'{ln6 q Si'e'fi'qt('I'g('I"n'qtsq'q
-r/
rn
neuml (not indicated that which was not indicated in scripture as either virnrous or non- '
in scriprure) virtuous

q'q(.'/ q'fl(l {oI{oN'a1<rr{A'{q'$

ox a mass that includes a hump and so forth

Eq'frqr ute'1;fr'a5q'I("q{'{l
Eee that which has b,ranches and leaves
1rl g\
54r'.tl {'R <'rlqxl'S*{'q'6{'3'(q'35'to{'.{l
Pot .3?Hfi:fg,fl-,:f" phenomenon able to perforrn the function,

Dssis of division dit'isions (illustration)

\
ffi'{ql 5ql'{'5('5E $'{'ql?$l
established base the two, p€rmanent phenomenon and thing
r6 s; thi,$ (art
,l I
or olBol'\q'q.55'1,q1
the two, oni and diffe,rent
_$-_-.-A .- C\ \ - c\ c\ s\ N 1. R
{' {' fl 5' {a' q $'5' \ ('
q' at' u{ "
E'
(l'
fl 5 { a' q 5' 1 ? N l
"'t
the nro, object of knowledge of which being it is possible
and object of knowledge of which being it is nofpossible

ar6E'erf{'1?.q
the two, definition and definiendum

5q|ql'{{'ot}oq
the rw9, negative p.frenomenon and positive phenomenon
n €\ .^.
5 1'q'at'51'E'S( 5 n5? j51$aq
the three, virtfuous, non-virtuous and neutral

fi{n, uil+ utn,[r, rr,u ,t { : nwrVra-L-

 Established. Bases 17

or .((' 5 E' I ('A' eI 5E' fl ? Nl

;.r

the two, specifically characterized phenomenon and

generally charac(erized phenomenon

or
the nvo truths (ultimate truth and conventional truth)

51'q
6\

I<rqiq'{fi'5ol'o'58'i$'a5;B'oft'5ol'o'ot}st " ,

pennanent phenomenon the two, pennanent phenomenon that is stable in time and pennanent
phenomenon that is occasional .
,,. 1 j;
t-^

or fiq'.1'if'.ifi'5ol'ol (q<{'S') rr:

,.,.it.,. '
;

peruranent phenomenon of object of knowledge .::

which being it is possible ' ;, ,',: ,,a
t:
'
"t
fiq'v&'fi5'rrE'q1'rr1 (ioff(<r1?oil) 1}s.{51,
'"'l:'i ' ri
pennanent phenomenon of the two, permanent phenomenon
which being it is not possible and thing
G\I
ot?s'fr51

5(s'{1
thing matter, consciousness, and non-agsoiratai compositional factor /
i4
qef{l
$ff Qa'(f {<:\'t*{ 1}s:{fl
matter l externa.l rnan€,r and internal A$eq
6\e*
Sfi'8a'{ cl5cl$l sl 5l .{,1 ,\q|'51 HqllSt
0xternal form, sound,:odor, taste, and tangible object
Tatter
j

[(q'H $q'H $:aE5'E 1

[th1 five objects;_ttre five objects; the five sense-spheres]

q<'\'Qa'{ &ofi'Iqr.'{1 q,:<fi:5q('q flfi'5q('{l

internal matter eye sense power, ear sense power, nose sense power '

q,
Bfi'\q('{l S$t'Iq('([ e$t
^c\

tongue sensc power, body sense power

 18
. qtG'q(I'
n'{q'
I
\R
:l
4s'.lt 5q('q<q fiS'Qst 1}s'dfl
consciousness
,:
sense consciousness and mental consciousness
I
,

5q('qsl eTfry q'Qsr q'Qst $'Qsr s$'qy E'4rr :

sense consciousness

^
eye consciousness, ea.r conseiousness, nose consciousness,
torlgue consciousness, and body consciousness !
L&rhZ
.
+Jit^e8 :
,

(&o[Qs' { a+f 5 <' {as'5<'ol} $'rl')

(eye consciousnesses
\
are both minds and mental factors)
I
.,
a4
(&ol'i,q*,'Qs' qer{'F'q') $" rhd I
(eye perceivers \ are only imain] minds)

qE.&q,rx5Btt T("ETqE'{,q'q.('Efi'qq'&q'r-r5$il (5:) I

l
non-associated corn- ' non-associated cornpositional factor . horse . :t,
positional
-
I
factsr
b;" t,*b+.'^ 6n, h^l
.i
\
which is a person
' ,..- ,t
UL) cl('E1'fffiE'.{*'g;i'{ft'qq'&qia5'351 : ;'
a

non-associated compositional factor which is not a person I

' t.,

15(s'{J ,<('fl6qt {q'$t't$r{') ,

'
,'
thrqg; qpec$ically characterized phenomenon; that which is able to i
,,,,
I
perforrhafunction '
,

1('Eql {'{A'E'([ r-rq1$'ql T]olfiIt :

person
c/r&\y
\l'(lrA'u'qf -o.=dttt.rr--o,:$.a-o'
5Uq'qQ'5q'gE'3'$'$A,d'q
,

ordinary being ordinary being having ttre life-suppon of a helt-being

fi '1"is'U'Eq's{'3'<.{a'4. (r
ordinary being having the fife-support of a hungry ghost

$'n{A'B E's{'3'{'{ft "$'{

ordinary being having the life-support of an animal

&fi'$q'eq'g'{'{A'd.(l .
: '
ordinary being having ile Ufe-support of a human

I
l

':'" I
 Established Bases
;r
\ N,\

B'srq q' {ff' B q'sq' g' <' {A'$' E;

ordinary being having the lifp-suppo4 of a demigod l

gfi'BE'str'$'{'{E'$,{
11,d5l
ordinary being having the life-support of a god e \i a !*4 c" iJtra [
r6'^n*.rr-unBi gintsja\ry^,.
ur'1ia 1u6y*
^ S"
5Sq'ql 6'5go'(i flq'Ige'q ?'aF<IUorq ?'B'qff'50r,{'ql
hetl-being Uqing of the hot hells, cold hells, neighboring hells, and Eifling "i
hells - ,'
;; dlIra-."{ uii cta(its,h( pr4",4 ugt l.i cl^18'- \t
Q'1wr io'o'$'q'(5'&l Ho'o'{.'q'(Itol $o'.i'$'qE' :

hungry ghoit having external obsructions, having internhl obsructions, having'

ollorl{'(I'..r1 ruard5l . ,,

both extbrnal and intemal obstructions

I5'aflt. : $q'q'ons'r1,p'n{+'R1 T}s'(5t :

animai abiding in the depths and scattered about [t]re surfacel

fi &('qqfi'&l &q"{q"qg\:U'q
'
human
-hurnans of the four continents, humans of the eight sub-continents
e\ (\
fl('qql q{S$'Fr{olyq mnyMhl luin
cs,2* .',t'
four continens 1o the east, Great Body tvideha)
T,f'cht{ .a NR
-
{'a(a'5ff'&qt Na,n thiv" (to- cha*
to the soutlr, the Land of Jainbu (jambudvtpa)
4j^/-,^
ltoa (haw
1q'q'r{('851 aalvofu
to the west, Using Oxen (godanga)

$('fl'&'SEl ryivC6.l5 chfr^/ if

to the north, Unpleasant Sounds (kuru)

il('NE'qg\l S<l'5('q<l'nq1<l| than ur,

th/n6 t#r
eight sub-continents
bAtr 1ru"n ct,'i't'
('(rtq'5('('qq'lqEl
funar a wo ap ar ac timaro,
- ,,,| ,-l
c
,,1

,.]
,i
,, tl

.rI
r'*
.-j:
.)
....
.-i '.
1.s:,.
.';,
 ofi'xq' I
.

T
$l'q{'5('clal'el6Ta1I
Iafia andunaranantrina
'&'T{'U'd['
I
fl'e'tq'r(:fl
'kttru
and luurava I
5$l'ql a'fi{"I1T e\:\Ilnl 1?q'fr51
negative phenomenon afrirmirg negadve and non-affirming negative I
E
t
4 e\ ", u 1..:,
N rLM"'t' '*
5{'ql$l' I
1B'1n'5q"(qlBof rrft '6s1 q$'51 u'l5"til
at€
6sl ffir.l'sl I
-phenomena that are muruaily
'object of knowledge, existent, phenomenon, o.ffect
inclusive with esrablished "base of cornprehension,
,,..
qarafi{'3'1qor5t frot'91 '.1,:' t
sotl ,N:

object, object of comprehension of an omniscient

consciousness, and hidden phenornenon ,,t
',
i I

5 1''.r'\('(E'IBof
qfi'6*l
phenomena that are mutually
I'ogEl Iq'Eq'q\E'q \(q'&5'$'f,s1
generaily characterized phenomenon, conven tional tru th,
't'.

.,I l

inclusive with permanent phenomenon that is a non-thing, '.

phenomenon
I
a1q'ar'gs'$'fs1 a'5s'rff'6*l ..'

uncompounded phenomenon, and non-produced I

phenomenon :

.?4<6
(
5 s' {' 5 <' 5E' olBof
,.lff '5s; &'5ol'ol g$'{.tl R1ry'Sstl
€{ n5s'Sl
ph-enornena that qe nnutually impennanent phenomenon, product, compounded
inclusive wi8r thing phenomenon, cause, effect,

<q'ndqi (q'I*'qiE'q *(q'q1

specifically charactetized phenomenon, ultimate truth,
eurd ntanifest phenomenon

I1T".{' I(. ffi q' qq" ol} o{l

 .,1

{1'o'(N'aEq'
ldentifying Isolates

a6q'?5"
definiendum definition (illustration)
a6{'}tt Vnht,')dn,,, Es'(5'5<t'TTard('{l
definition
6l'3r'1$'r{') ,

riply qualilied substantial existent that which is able to

perform a funcrion
aEE'gl ,; 1i.s;
Q,
definiendum triplyqualifiedimputedexistentthinglx),.Lti,,,',
adqlqQJ. s; Lb. g a d q' ? I "
U s' fl qor $: qq' o{A' n Eq'5' x E E
Tq g,('.rl
I q A' {
illusration ;j ,1 j.,,,.r,,,, that which serves as a basls for illustrating the appropriur,
* i
1l deliniendum by way of its definition ;

g,e+bto
{o[ol ''
isolate general- self- meaning- illustration_
(terminological
division)
isolate; isolate; isolate;- isolate
I ' ., . | ;

L ut\
5(s'{fi'<<'{1'{.1 5(s:{'
\
Posit the self-isolate of thing: thing
4q,
5(s'{fi'!'{"f'("f 5(<|'tl'
Posit ttre general-isolate of thing: thing

(<q'{ortR'E'{T'el}s'(q'.181) :

The two, self-isolate and general-isolate, are muruqllyjqglUqle_._

_

21
 q1'<r'(s'aEq' I
r(v'(f iq'ft'61 (r'Br'1s'o'
, ,.8
Posit 0rsmeaning-isolate of

(1 (s' {fi
thing:
(s'{f
ttrat which is able to perform a fiunction
rl
iq' (1'fi q. <r s' Eq' )
'
d E' ? I. fi q' q' f
ar

Whatever is the definition of thing is necessarily ttre meaning-isolate of thing.

I
5(s'(A'$'fi'6-l ; gar{
Fosit the illusu'ation-isolare of thing: pot I
,4vN
(5 (s' ffi
n 6 E' otq' Q q' q' f (s' {ff ,
'
1Q' {1. fi q' rr s' i.5{. )
Whatever is an illustration of thing'is necessdrily an illustration-isolate of tiring.

a:..

Proving that something is an iilirstration:

,; rt,ll
, i.i

sei'.i' 5(s'{ft 'er gq'.lh'fi q' E's*r'..r' d5'*rs'( s'qs,5(s. {' x5'as' ,. :!

Pot is an iilustration-isolate of thing because th-ere.are

pot with vatid cognition, have noi ascenain& rhirg ;Id [personsJ who, having ascentained
;.fi,i ;dft fi;;.'"'"'
(otQ<'Ser5at"qfi'fl6{'qlQ'*,'eE') r

Golden pot is nor an illustration qf pol r

;.,

(1fr <'rus' Tq'.iA'f'Q *'qqoi'q.ir€'d{'U'(q'Bf 'I\i' q'Sn.rrfi .a6 q,1q, q{:

)
made from gold that is-able ro perform the function'6i
'l]H:l:tl1l-P*"ap.nenorTenon
notcung water is an illustration of por
..i

'i

', Proving that something is a triply qualified imprtted existent:

+4t
1
( s' 4' 6 \i' s q ql s' d 5s' a; a' 6 c.. n' fi q r <' 4 e'
E' T 5'
^,s
It follows that the subject, thing, is a triply qualified imputed
existent because

*<'?5'aEq'g'fiq'.r' I
(l) it is a definiendum,
*q't' *sq' ofi A' ?q'
,l
I'Tq'.r' !_
T
(2) it is esrablished in tErrns of its illustrations, _{

I
 Iclcntifying {soIates

(l' 3f '1s' q'Gr$' qlq q' <ff 6s' ql(' q' q(' a Eq' g' &.$' { A' g
'
1
(3) it does not serve as the definiendum of any phenomenon
- ---- other i't
able to perform a function. "'*i that which ig
------ than

Proving that sorrrething is a triply qualified substantial existent:

(n' 3l'1s'{'6s{' 6q'E {'d5'5$'TTar 6r'<'fi qirl{'.qn{'
It follows that the subject, that which is able to perfornr a function, is a riply qualified substa4tial
existent because

*<'i5'adq'?TQq'q' e

(1) it is a definition,

*<'i'*,s q'on A' Bq'T{q'.{'

(2) it is established in rerrns of its illustrarions,

5(s'{'r.lsi'TqE'<lA'Eoi'olq'T'or('er6
(3) it does not serve as the definirion of any phenomenon
q,}t&'$'.{A'B {
ottrer than thing.

CoexteErsives
/

( N' {a'E1'q' -- R'--\u{q'Eq'ar?

-l-.-t'e-\-"/ \
5 5 - arqql
isolate of thing:
\. r'
:\-\ -
r;)ui 2 _! r. R c-,
t\'1\ ,\
f
. 5E<l.J'5('olBl'-1r- 1i'r u,u \\, s,, f4-7 g.t.q..e ;'J;
t
i, .(
one with thing

l'{1t' a 5(N'{'tq'1BT'?'g*'{A'\is'{',*t,i'. r k ,.i,.:_-\<z;11*,* i-;.o ,+,,|i

.li "er i1,5
d't'La \\ atF {-r..b:_91'
thing which is one wlth thing 1Gz"? 'r{ f.;..y *il,-, ou \ .pa,..y vi...r;,prio.
3 n.a t9*_, "r,r r-;r.!4 E:r-i,'li-t,,r,.vriL.,o,l
1u
u\,.9,r;, Tk,,4,1*l,,.ii
-
h€y,4(q.3r'{s'rrfi'aEq.5'p;-,i.n4*,-,t.,;7,.usilo,,",.}t
?d.?

*- )li
the definilndum of that which is able to perforrn a function ;1 t;)-1.:t : : ., \
[r'r-=-.(q'3r'to{'oa'o51s'(5'5q'q|.'$ar6(,{,ji-.l-,,,1\t.,J.*n,."^-,:,.
*qt, v i*" triply qualtfied imputed existent of that which is\uple to perform a function r, r. ' t
,.. ,
l\ ' , 1' .'

..i ..)-'. :i---. \

\.:'..:i'

',i; I .,,
\
l{,j')'1"r,r'1, 4,ir t'a-,i-*'\'.r.j")1 l
 24 (1'q'(ry'.*EE'
,.:,

15(s'(l('olq (l'3f'1s'rrA'arEq'gJ ft
q!'.J' q etF I
5 E' E' 1 -,qel[
4r\6\-r.*
5E'55'1N'{{-{'q51$',u{5'6$'Tlal'd(',q') '
'ffi
:

three are p€rmanent: one with &ing, the definiendum of thar which is able to
perform q fync-tign; and the u'iply qualified irnputed existenr of
that which is able to perform a firnidon

-Y --.1 e\ : \
\($'q'qq'*.rF{'ql8ql HHI
one is a 0ring: thing which is one with ttring , '

NNR
ffir
41 6 E' ? 5',u{{ arFE' 13
one is a definiendum:
" ql
6l'$'1orqft'affE'5') :

the deflrniendum of that which is able to perfonn a function

ilHl
aEq'g'fiE'arlqE'qlBqtr (5E'55'ts''{a'q51s'fr515s'T$ar6('q') '

one is a definition: the triply qualifiedimputed existeirt of that whish is able to l

perform a function ,; r,:;' I

HHI
ir: ;

3$r
m!
,lr

in;agal'{q' s: ,i,,
The four plenomena that are coextensive with the isolate of that *hictr is able to
perform a function
, iq'3r'qs'q.I('1BT : s
one with able to perform a function
s
4 (+'Bf'1v..r'I('TBT'Tg{.r{A'({'85'tr+r'rr'
.,i: I

able ,o p"itor* a function-tr,iris one with able to perform a ftncrion '

$ lt'
ll

n 5(s'(fi'asq'?f'
definition of thing
-'o. .Eg
6il
triply qualilied substantial existent of thing
'EJ

$
qi

EJ
 Idqntifying Isolate.s 25

'1,
5(s'{fi'{o[.i'61 \({'{:
Posit the isolate of thing:
thing

5(s'{'5r'opo1{1 5(s'('
Posit one with thing:
thing
(s'(' '5 (s' {'
5 5<' 1 E T I'q<. <fi 6oI 5(s'{'
posit thing-which-is-one-with- thing:
thing
(l'3r'is'<fi'aEq's'ft
\($'{'
Posit the definiendum of that
which is able to perform a function: tting

(l'3f is'rrfi '<51s'd5'5s'11a{6('q'qql +4.:

5((l'{'
fgqit tlre qiply qualified imputed existent of that ,I

wrucn ls able to perform a function: thing

 zG {1'<.(s'aRq,

TMPORTANT POINTS $
]

',' -'ry
5(s' ffi '{1' {' I('qq'[lq'ar?ar'I('\(<r,m,(oro.t<, (q,otEof(q.olEof
coextensive with isolarc of thing is murually
inclusive with mutually inclusive with isolate ,ffi
of thing"

5(s'{'5<'91'Es'sry 1(s'{ft.(ql,q,\(.qq"E!q,4?n
The subject, one with rhing, is coextensive
Aq,i :

with isolate of thing because iw.

(s' {fi '{ot'.r' ('
fr 5' 5 t {' 15' 1<' Q r Er' fi E' {' 5 (s' {fi '{ol' q'fi q' { s'E{,
(l) it is different from isolate of thing, (2) whatever is it is necessarily .
the isorate of thing,

5(s' {h' {ol' {' Qq' q'Et' e q'..r s.15 <, <fi ,} <1
and (3) whatever is the isorate of thiirg is necessarily
it.

5(s'{A'{ql'..t'I('5(s'{fi'{1'.r'5('qq,Elq,ar?ar,B.olh,*Sq,&5,<t+,4c.t,
There is no comrnon locus of ttre isolate
with the isolate of thing beciu; -"-'-* thing and those ,.phenomena
of --:-:;--'.'- coextensive
. ---":v"ervtr

5(s'(h' {oI.r' qE'q'5 (s' 6' 5 <' nJEe, QE'qo*,Eq,

whatever is the isorate of thing is necessarily
one with thing I
5(s'ffi '{1'{' Ic.'qq'Eq'ar? ar.Qq,q,I($,(,5E,4,I1qq,{s.;5+r.rfi .$
<1
and whatever is coextensive with the
isolate of thing is necessarity offerent ao* *,ing

esarq'I( 181[s'sE'Ser{'I('{.I\,fi q"{.{,4nl5 ql.{,qq.{A, g{l

It follows that the subject, one with pot,
is differcnt from pot because of being pennanenl .

olBof
lar{'\(
It follows that the
Tg,('<ft'ga'rrEs,sq,ga.r,5(.q.I1qE..r{..qq,
subject, por which is one with pot, is
different from pot
{
S*r'.tA'3'{TQE.qA'3 *t x
.jii
because of being a pardcular ofpot
 c\\.r'6..4
,il li

w{'Qql'elq'RIryl
Opposite From Being [Something] and
H

Opposite From Not Being [Something] i

ffi

a'fi q'<'nrs'fr 1'.r' 5q'qE'.t'olls'(q'.lE T

H
Opposite from not being [sometlring] and being [somerhing] are mutually inclusive.
l,l

-+-'----- | \ G\ e \
Qq' <'ru s' fr oI q' I<' a' fi E'.{' ol} s' (q' of olB il

Opposite from hiing [somet]tingl and not being [something] are mutually inclusive.

{'q{'
-:i-..---+-------.---!-
<l' ( qtq'.t' cl R s' *
{' nt $' q 1' q' 5(' --!---,'.-----s-----
R
oI
5E 5 s' {' 4r' ? 5 E' 1 8
Opposite from beingthing and not being thing are mutually inclusive. m
,-:. |;.

--<
-1( <t' {'
5
c
n' q q' {' nl
-----?--ql'
\l' ol
4 1, A. 4.
{' 5-- (' 5 ( $' {' 1, q' 5 E'$
R
I'
::H
Opposite from not beirg ttring and thing aro mutually inclusive.
'$

i
il

$
. t,'

fi
I.
i

.
:' 'l ii

27
 E

g'r{{N'
\t
E
Causes and Effects
E
.l
adq'?5
a'g
deJiniendum definition (iilustration)
\t
qi
U\'551 (Serlt')
B
cause -producer pot

or qq'a(oF'$It
l E
helper

a{N'sl <$r'u (s*r''r') B

effect produced poi
:$
or
object helped Et
Tfi

\{'3\'1s'.r1 (sn'..r')
ar\
5(s'{ ,,i
'.

!{
thing that which is able por I'
$
to periorm a function i;

5(<r'(fi'ql 5(s'{A'$f'$51 (f({'{A'q'g*oA'ot(,E1') Id'

cause of thing producer of thing person *t oiri cause of thing
4, ./A
1(s'{fi'5(s.gt t(s'{a'5(s's,d5'31(5(s'ffi'e'froN's'g5'q').l I$

direcr cause otlring

5(s'{A'<qtql 5(s'{fi'<qI'q.,l'd5'ST
indirect cause of thing indirect producer of rhipg

(s'{fi 'Xfi of s'S' g<' qA'

(5 { fr1s' I'Q(' {' )
prior arising of thing's prior arising

5(s'(A'i{'Qql 5(s'( <q't' E s' g{'

f' 1B'({'gI'BT
substantial cause of that which is the main producer of thing as a continuation
of ' .
thing its own substantial eniity

28
 Causes and Effecis 29

'gs'
15(s' ffi g* g*'.rfr
' q'
)
product which is thing's cause

(44G\N
5(s'{fi'sq'Bof Br'&ql I s' {' <('q' ( <t' qE' ar. fi {' {,(. ( <r'
v If. (<, $ f Bf t
"

cooperadve condition that which is a main.producer 9f thing as a substanrial entiry

of thing which is not a continuation of its own substantial entity

qA'oF'e
15(s' {fi g d,' g,{
'
T )
J7N
\(<l'la:nt{l'sl 5(s'ffi'q$\'gt (r(s'{fi'}',{l*'Vq('q')
'effect of rhing- that produced by thing subsequent arisihg of thing
./n ..
\((l'{a'5(<{'a{(ll 5(s'(fi:<(s'S'oAI'st (5(s'{fi'B'frots's.q('T')
direct effect of rhing that produced directly by thing subsequent arising of thing
Y,R
5(s'{fi'<95'a{{il 5(s'(ff'<q5'E$'qATg
indirect effect of ttdng that produceAindirecttfUy CIing :

(s' {ff '

3'fr ol s'S'Q('qA:B'fr oH' t'Q(' q' )
15
subsequent arrsyg of thing's subsequent arising

sB'q"
t\
basis of division divisions (itlustrqtion) ,.
4 yr€\
\(N'qa'ql (s' (ft 5(s' g I<' tr(s'{E' <QI'€'
1? sl
'
5
cause of tlring the nvb, direct producer of thing and indirect producer of thing
.r' ./n
or 5(s' {fi '}^ *' ft E' 5<' 5 (s' {fi ' gq' B TBf ' DE' ol} I
the two, substantialeause of tliing and cooperative condirion of

--3f c\. d t ./c\ c\

5(s'(fi'n{$'SI -:a-
\((t'qr{'\( $'Q5<l' \('\((l'{rl'qg5'a{$ 1?
(ll
effect of thing ttie two, direct effect of thing and ind.irect effect of thing

(s' (A' !.(' aI$ <'

or 5 I 5(s' {E' ryE' B of 3 5' a 5 s' 1 } s
:
1

tfie two, substantial effect of *ring and coopelative effect of thing

 30
Hfl.!.
Different Types of Oneness ffim
, .l

ar6E"?5"
ffi
defifrition (illustration)
ot3*l
a|-i
q'{'q'at'qq'{a'6Nl
N c\ i/ E{t
i
(snr'{')
one phenomenon that is not diverSe pot
4 ',(\ +r44c\g\y
ffi$
{('q1'qlsql .<(' q $' $' q' 6r' uiE' rua.,6s1
1' (5ar'{'\('5er{,)
one self-isotrate phenomerra that ane not diverse self-isotrates pot and por Hr$
*-e-* 4 €\
E"'q'lsql ('q'N' N'q'at' u.{q'qra'& $J
R #
(Sxl'.t'I(, &'f o[..t')
one enuty phenomena that are not diverse entities product and imperma- H$
nent phenomenop,.
($'181 a(q'1a'q'{('{'ql5'H1 {'{<'&'q<'<ft'Es1 . ,,,,, ,

one substantial entity phenomena that (t) appear o direct perception and '' .

\z) oo nor appgar separately

. r'i. .. ,. ,,
.i.,.. I
' jl
{1'ru'\1x'olBl E!( 5 ql' ql(, I

AR
I('T(; tor, fi I'T5I,q$'4{<'Sa'} 1' q s:
a \' 5i'a\' a5f,' ga'rufr 'ff'<r.'qord'Io{' lfi Es1 ' H.J
phenomena thar are to pp{u:qr-* u**"ness rhinking,
"This and that are 1P.l,r*,*Mrtty
alike,], ynoq *.frty Girrg Uy i"nlroru* *n
direcu the mind [toward thirmJ u,{
i (s'i1s'olB"l *<'
g\+)R^
is' *'Cq' qA' rr1s.
o! B ol oroi'$ s' <rft . q'
one substantial type
T' 5 E' 9
different compounded phenomena that a.re produced from
Sst 5 I' ffifi
,
their own sarne direqt substantial cause

({(" q'}.{'fr
ffi$
q"r-rEa'q' lBTnl s'$<l'rrfi '('SarIT<, (, 5 <, ,! i :t

('Sar{E'{'ol}*')
H,fi
the two, a white clay pot and a brue ciay pot trrat are produced
'l' :. ' from one lump of ciay whieh i* ttiiri,iUimrtiJru'rri*
H{
{q'{'tr$'ar?arTE<t'{'I$'a?a'aRa1{'Is'at?er;
t
.Tq'qt'otBT
one in establishment those which are establis[red simultaneously, aUiae ,t
and abiding simpltaneously, and disintepaie ri-uituirlorrry

qga' rrfi 'p' (of I q,Sar {A-IBq N'

'H
)
the color of a pot and the shape of a pot
.i

dr
ds
 Types of Oneness 31

1q'qi'(<r'otBot no definition available, the meaning is:

one substantiAl entity phenomena that are the sarhe substantial entiry
in estabtishment and in renps of:establishment and abiding
abiding

(5q'q'5('&'5tl'.t')
product and impermanent phenomenon

..
55,o' '

basis of division dtvtstons i (illustration)

4.n
1s1 q1'q'16q1 (sa'{:5E'sat:{')
one one isolate pot and pot
(terminological division)

('{'181 (5{'{'5('&t5ol't,r')
one entity product and impermanent p !i enomenon

i1s 1B1
one tlTe White horsc and black horse

RR
i.1<r'18n1 qT{'d,Ilsl'$ql (5'5T<'{'I('5'Eql'(')
one type one isolate type white horse and black horse
':. c\i...
a\
($":q(l'wql ,
0 *'rtq,n181'rus'8"'ofi' qorot'
B'eq'1?s')
one subsuntial type the t'wo, a large grain and a small grain of
barley *rat are produced from one
substantial cause
ul
€c\
Iq'lsql'
(' ( 1 B ry:
d,(' {qE' qlB of
\<' q5o[ ? 5' TB T' ({' olErl,
One entiry, one nature, and one selfness are mutualiy inclusive.

mutualiy includive with the uUouu three in terms of

lmperrnanen[phenomena; it does.riot apply to permanent phenomena
 .N

a'5('5'{FI'
\< : r'.
Generalities and Particuiars
a{6E,}I.
{('\'ol<{ot'q'q'e$'-,$'e{'qfi'6oq
-S.--.----- (-"- . d 4-
(5(s'(';
:generalify a phenornenon that encompasses is ins'tances thing
'or
pervader
C\\
Alsrut *<'i'Rfls'sI'tr'arnt'Es'yn{'<ft'5q
Rh,

(Qs'S')
rype-generaiiry a pqe.ngmenon that encompasses the rnany obJect of
which have its rype kn6wledge
*A
5E'Et << af n' 61 :'Et'H(s' I('q'S1N'{fr '({' Iq' otBol'&q'
ryS't(" fl ('qft {'
q
U(' olB
, T'.\,?
'
5T o.' E'a t
meaning-generaliry . that.superimpos$ fqctorwhich, although nor one with tire object
which ttre mode of apprehension of tf,e conceptual conscioisness-

Sa',{fi'({'8t ga' aEq'f;Ex'or' g'oro:*:t q,*Q

{' 5'So' q'q' S {, HR' <fi ''': ;
46\
{'qTTo[0'61 ' ,,"
meaning-generaliry that superimposed
factor which, atthough it is not pot, appears to
ot pot
, the conceptual-conssibusness apprehending pot to Ue pot

15a.r'aHq:f1'rr'ru'Sar<1'erqq'11'r{51'fiql'q.{'E{E,q' )
,the appear?ncg to a conceptual consciousness apprehending pot
as opposite fiom nor being pot .

Qs'se'(q'U Q s' g' aE E'.{ fi ' 61' {' nr q $' g' r (' q!
B
q qq q'
T er q' T
orS' q' or}'6
I 1Bof g'S<'aE E' lff
,
Q ol
{'q5 |
meaning-generality that suqerimposed facor
of object of knowledge ryNch, atthough not one wittr object of
knowledgg, is apprehended-by the 6nceprual consciousness
|pprehending object of knowledge-ro be bne wirh object of
:.
knowledge . , it'
4s-
6qlN,gl rf '\'a'q$'Tn'a[$,<rft:n;€qlq'{T$'Ftf (Sar'.r.)
collection- generality a gross form that is the composite of its many parts por

32
 Generalities and P articular s 33

5's.t E
q'
3 5' 1' a e 1''.,1
ft,' << "
\' \1 s' (5' <' e q' $' E <.r r (So'''{')
fgticular a phenomenon which has the r1,pe of that which pot,
engages it as a pervader

or Eq'g
that which is pervaded

55'{'
nn
3r
{,1<l'dl
\E'gt 8ry'!l
generality: type-generaliry rneanihg"generality cotrlection-generali ty
(terrninological division)

Proving that something is a particular of thing 5(s'{&'$'51

Se{'{'5$'6{ I(<r'(ft'${1'fiE'$1 fr5'5(s'{'fiqJ

The subject, pot, is a particular of thing because (1) it is a ttring

ffi5'5(s'{'I('q\T1B1'gngrut fi5'a'ftq'Qc.5(s'$
(2) it is related as one entiry with thing and (3) many corunon
\ G
--.-.-q\.----\.
(r.tE'qq :qa'1q' a${' {' 5'at'{q'.ra'3\ {l
loci of not being it and being a rhing are established.

4 €4
5'5ql'F'E' \(N'{'\('q5q'
r I I l.
only a particular one with thing
,

t3'f l'F q'qq'q'A'r,r'fi q'r.rot'Eq )

whatever is only a particular is necessarily not a generaliry
' ,\. * -,

8Fq'!
:
,{5'q'
1,

'
-.,

only a generaliry existent

€'F q'qq'E'3'{1'arQq'rs'95<1 ;
whatever is only a generality is necessarily not a particular :

1.,"*..*-**.