FIREPROOFING - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

FEBRUARY 1989 PAGE 1 OF 16 EGE 34-B-15 — 1989

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Scope 4.8 Magnesium Oxychloride Plaster

2. References 5. Equipment and Structural Fireproofing
3. Definitions Requirements
4. Materials and Applications 5.1 Ratings
4.1 General 5.2 Process Plants
4.2 Concrete 5.3 Offsite Areas
4.3 Lightweight Concrete 5.4 Buildings
4.4 Preformed/Inorganic Panels 5.5 Weatherproofing
4.5 Concrete Masonry 6. Quality Control
4.6 Intumescent and Subliming 6.1 General
Fireproofing Mastics 6.2 Monitoring and Inspection
4.7 Thermal Insulation

1. SCOPE

This Guide covers basic requirements for the fireproofing of vessels, structures, buildings, and the
supporting elements of equipment and piping in areas where flammable liquids and gases are processed,
handled, and stored. Wherever federal, state, or local ordinances exist, the more stringent requirements of
either this Guide or the ordinance shall be met.

2. REFERENCES

The following publications form a part of this Guide. Unless otherwise specified herein, use the latest
edition.

Mobil Engineering Guides

EGE 01-B-7 Concrete Design and Construction

EGE 34-B-10 Thermal Insulation — Hot Service
EGE 34-B-11 Thermal Insulation — Cold Service
EGE 35-B-10 Painting — Manufacturing Facilities
EGS 643 Fire Protection — Fixed Fire Water Spray Systems

ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) Standard

C150 Standard Specification for Portland Cement

ICBO (International Conference of Building Officials) Publication

Uniform Building Code

NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) Standards

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15 Water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire Protection

220 Types of Building Construction
251 Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials
321 Basic Classification of Flammable and Combustible Liquids

UL (Underwriters Laboratories) Publication

1709(P) Rapid Rise Fire Tests of Protection Materials for Structural Steel

3. DEFINITIONS

Fire Exposed Envelope — To determine fireproofing requirements, an envelope or area is considered fire
exposed if it is horizontally within 9 m (30 ft) of any high fire potential equipment or within 9 m (30 ft) of the
limits of a potential pool or stream of burning liquid, or if it is vertically within 12 m (40 ft) above any level at
which a fire may be initiated. When a fire can be started abovegrade, the distance below (to grade) is also
considered fire exposed. The size of the envelope should be increased when there is a potential for a fire
to exceed the limits specified herein.

Fireproofing — Materials or application of materials to provide a degree of fire resistance to protected

substrates.

Fire Resistance Rating — The time period that a specific fireproofing design will protect structural supports
for equipment, piping, and so forth from collapse, when exposed to a fire of specified intensity. The fire
intensity is usually represented by a time-temperature curve. In North America, the fire resistance rating is
the time from initial fire exposure until the substrate reaches a temperature of 538ºC (1000ºF). Fire
resistance ratings based on the time-temperature curve contained in NFPA 251 simulate the temperature
rise for Class A combustible materials such as wood or paper. Fireproofing materials, when exposed to a
hydrocarbon gas or liquid fire, will not provide the protection time rated by NFPA 251 and therefore should
be compared against a high-rise hydrocarbon fire test, such as the Mobil 1-hour test or the UL 1709(p) test.
The temperature rise expected in a hydrocarbon fire environment, which is used for the Mobil test, is
illustrated in Table 1.

High Fire Potential Equipment — Includes: vessels, pumps, compressors, heat exchangers, fire heaters,
and similar equipment containing such potential fire sources as flammable or combustible liquids or vapors,
or both. Classification of flammable and combustible liquids shall be in accordance with NFPA 321.

Low Fire Potential Equipment — Includes: knockout and blowdown drums isolated from other high fire
potential equipment. Piping generally is not considered high fire potential equipment except where
numerous flanges exist or the ability to quickly detect and isolate a spill is lacking.

NOTE: Equipment rated as "high fire potential" or "low fire potential" often is a judgment decision based on the characteristics of the material being
handled (liquid/vapor, flammable/combustible, etc.), the quantity of material that may be spilled or released, and the incidence of failure experienced by
the equipment. MTC Engineering Department should be consulted when the category "high fire potential" or "low fire potential" for particular equipment
is not apparent.
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TABLE 1
MOBIL HIGH-RISE FIRE TEST

Environment
Time Temperature
(Minutes) ºC ºF

0 20 70
2 815 1500
4 900 1650
5 925 1700
10 1010 1850
15 1025 1875
20 1040 1900
25 1050 1925
30 1065 1950
35 1080 1975
40 1095 2000
45 to 120 1095 2000

High-Hazard Toxic Materials — Includes: gases and liquids (such as ammonia, chlorine, hydrofluoric acid,
hydrogen sulfide) that endanger the health of personnel when exposed to an inadvertent release to the
atmosphere. Fireproofing structural supports for equipment and piping containing toxic materials requires
special consideration based on the material's hazard potential, quantity, concentration, fire exposure,
flammability, and so forth. Fireproofing should be equivalent to that required for high fire potential equipment,
but may exceed these requirements depending upon the exposure hazard.

Substrate — Structural steel support that is to be coated with a fireproofing material.

4. MATERIALS AND APPLICATION

4.1 General

4.1.1 Concrete and several lightweight products are used for the fireproofing of structural steel in the
hydrocarbon processing industry. This section outlines the differences between the types of fireproofing
materials that may require evaluation. As a part of that evaluation, special consideration should be given
to repair jobs where a different material will butt against existing material. Dissimilar materials with different
coefficients of expansion may tend to separate at the joint and lead to cracks where moisture can get in and
cause corrosion. Special application techniques should be used to ensure a moistureproof joint. Also, the
fireproofing manufacturer should submit an application technique (through the project personnel) to Mobil
Technology Company, Facilities Group for review and approval.

4.1.2 Selection of fireproofing materials requires care to obtain the desired degree of protection during
the service life. Besides providing a given extent of fire resistance, a variety of characteristics should be
evaluated to ensure proper performance in the environment in which it is to be installed. Principal
characteristics governing selection of fireproofing materials are:

Adhesion or Bonding Strength

Chemical Resistance
Coefficient of Expansion
Corrosion Protection
Density
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Ease of Application
Fire Resistance Rating
Friability
Hardness or Resistance to Impact
Porosity
Reinforcing Requirements
Resistance to Thermal Shock
Surface Preparation
Tolerance to Exposure from Adjacent HotEquipment
Vibration Resistance and Flexural Strength Weatherability

4.2 Concrete

4.2.1 Concrete fireproofing shall meet the requirements of EGE 01-B-7 and shall be designed in
accordance with the requirements in this Guide. Concrete mixes and their application shall be as follows:

(a) Formed Concrete — Air-entrained concrete consisting of surface dry aggregate and cement
conforming to ASTM C150 (Type 1A) shall be used. The mix shall consist of one part cement and 2½
parts each of sand and gravel passing a 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) sieve. Water shall not exceed 24 liters per
0.028 m³ (6 gal per 1 ft³) for each bag of cement. The concrete shall be reinforced by electrically welded
wire fabric, 50 mm (2 in.) by 50 mm (2 in.) by 2.3 mm (12 US gage). For outdoor use, the wire mesh
shall be galvanized. Tie wire shall be 1.6 mm (0.063 in.) diameter, annealed black iron. Reinforcing wire
fabric shall be lapped 50 mm (2 in.) minimum at joints. The reinforcing fabric shall be spaced out from
the substrate surface about one half the fireproofing thickness. Tops of columns, where water could
penetrate between steel and concrete, shall be weatherproofed with a caulking bead or other approved
mastic application.

(b) Pneumatically Applied Concrete — The mix shall consist of 1 part cement and 4 parts sand. Water
shall not exceed 12 liters (3 gal) per bag of cement at the nozzle. The concrete shall be reinforced with
wire fabric and the tops of columns shall be weatherproofed, as specified in Item (a).

Mobil approval shall be obtained prior to installation of pneumatically applied concrete within 15 m (50
ft) of operating equipment, because overspray may affect operation of instrumentation and equipment.

4.2.2 In areas of high-maintenance activity, where fireproofed structures are subjected to impact and
abrasion, concrete fireproofing is preferred due to its high resistance to mechanical failure. In addition, when
subjected to a fire situation, concrete fireproofing will retain virtually all of its fire protection capabilities;
however, it may have to be replaced after a fire because of spalling or loss of strength. One disadvantage
is that concrete fireproofing will add 2225 to 2400 kg/m³ (140 to 150 lb/ft³) of additional weight to the
structure on which it is installed.

Prior to installation of concrete, steel substrate shall be free of dirt, grease, and loose scale. Steel should
be prepared by using a caustic solution and by scraping, wire brushing, or grit blasting.

4.3 Lightweight Concrete

4.3.1 Insulating concretes and fireproofing cements and plasters made with lightweight or special
aggregates may be used, subject to Mobil approval, when weight becomes a factor in the design. For
recommended materials, densities, and other required properties, contact MTC Facilities Group.

4.3.2 Lightweight concretes or fireproofing cements shall have a density of 560 to 1200 kg/m³ (35 to 75
lb/ft³), installed and dried. If a pneumatic gun emplacement is used, specified densities may be increased
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20 percent. Density and fire resistance ratings required for a particular application shall be specified by
Mobil. The density selected shall be based on the fire resistance rating desired versus the strength required
(i.e., low density enhances insulating properties; high density reduces insulation but enhances strength).
The vendor shall indicate the fire resistance rating based on testing in a high-rise hydrocarbon fire
environment. The material shall be capable of withstanding a direct flame impingement at 1100ºC (2000ºF),
thermal shock and high-pressure water streams. The finished lightweight concrete shall be given two coats
of a sealer for weather protection. The seal coat shall be equivalent to the concrete manufacturer's
recommendation for the possible extreme conditions that may be encountered in the geographical area of
structures or equipment.

Prior to installation of lightweight concrete, steel substrate shall be free of dirt, grease, and loose scale.
Steel should be prepared by using a caustic solution and by scraping, wire brushing, or grit blasting.

4.4 Preformed/Inorganic Panels

These panels are precast or compressed fire-resistant panels composed of a lightweight aggregate and a
cement binder or compressed inorganic insulation such as calcium silicate. The panels are attached to the
substrate by mechanical fasteners designed to withstand fire exposure without appreciable loss of strength.
The system shall pass UL 1709(P) test or equivalent fire tests.

4.5 Concrete Masonry

4.5.1 Concrete blocks containing lightweight, expanded, blast-furnace slag as the coarse aggregate may
be used to fireproof structural steel and pipe columns. The blocks shall provide a Mobil 1-hour minimum
high-rise hydrocarbon fire resistance rating or equivalent. Column covers and blocks shall be laid with thin,
staggered joints 6.4 mm (1/4 in.) maximum thickness, and a fire-resistant mortar such as one composed
of 1 part lime, 4 parts Portland cement, and 12 parts pertlite. The annular space between the column
covers, or blocks, and the steel member shall be filled with a lean cement to prevent moisture or hot gasses
from reaching the steel during a fire; a bead of caulking shall be applied at the top of the column for weather
protection.

Prior to installation of masonry, the steel substrate shall be free of dirt, grease, and loose scale.

4.5.2 Masonry brick and mortar providing a Mobil 1-hour minimum high-rise hydrocarbon fire resistance
rating or equivalent may be used to fireproof vessel skirts. The minimum thickness shall be 90 mm (3½ in.).

4.5.3 Contact MTC Facilities Group for recommended materials. These materials provide effective
fireproofing; however, they are labor intensive and are not commonly used.

4.6 Intumescent and Subliming Fireproofing Mastics

4.6.1 Mastic fireproofing material shall be applied by spraying or troweling. Surface preparation for
application of a paint primer shall be in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations and EGE 35-B-10.

For previously painted and/or fireproofed surfaces, the mastic manufacturer should be consulted to assure
compatibility with the existing surface, proposed paint primer, and mastic. New galvanized surfaces shall
be mechanically abraded to ensure adherence of the prime coating. When existing structural steel is being
fireproofed, all oil and grease shall be removed by solvent or caustic cleaning. All loose paint and scale shall
be removed by scraping, wire brushing, or blast cleaning.

For spray-on applications, consult the manufacturer on minimum application temperature. Some materials
do not flow through the pump and/or sprayer below 4ºC to 10ºC (40ºF to 50ºF), and some materials do not
cure well below -1ºC to 4ºC (30ºF to 40ºF).
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Intumescent materials, which are water-based systems, cure by evaporation. If applied during periods of
high humidity, the areas of application may experience blistering when the humidity drops and the
evaporative curing continues. In such environments, solvent-based materials are recommended.

The final coat of all fireproofing mastics shall be rolled or brushed to provide a smooth surface finish, unless
waived by Mobil. The material shall be applied with a sufficient number of coats to prevent running or
slumping, and sufficient drying time shall be allowed between coats. Mastic fireproofing materials have a
density of approximately 960 to 1290 kg/m³ (60 to 80 lb/ft³).

4.6.2 Intumescent and subliming mastic coatings shall be sealed for weather protection in accordance
with the manufacturer's recommendations for possible extreme conditions that may be encountered in
certain geographical areas. In locations where the fireproofing material will be exposed to significant
quantities of ultraviolet radiation from the sunlight, the engineer should consider all possible materials. Also,
the manufacturer may recommend that their material may not be suitable for the specific application.

4.6.3 Spray-equipment operators, responsible for the application of fireproof mastic, shall be under the
direct supervision of a trained applicator and qualified by the mastic manufacturer in writing. Applicator
certificates should be renewed annually.

4.6.4 The contractor shall provide supervision to assure that the thickness and quality of the materials
and workmanship provide the level of protection required by Mobil. For recommended mastic materials and
appropriate coatings, contact MTC Facilities Group.

4.7 Thermal Insulation

4.7.1 Insulation used for fireproofing shall be rated for 650ºC (1200ºF) minimum service (see EGE
34-B-10). Insulation shall consist of one of the following types of materials:

(a) Calcium silicate, block or preformed.

(b) Mineral wool block with a minimum density of 192 kg/m³ (12 lb/ft³).

(c) Perlite, block or preformed.

(d) Expanded alumina silica fiber blanket with a minimum density of 96 kg/m³ (6 lb/ft³).

4.7.2 Insulation may be used for fireproofing vessel skirts. When insulation is used to fireproof steel that
will be at or below ambient, precaution shall be taken to prevent external corrosion of the steel caused by
condensation when the steel is below the atmospheric dew point.

Before insulation is installed, carbon steel surfaces between 0ºC and 93ºC (32ºF and 200ºF) shall be
prepared and painted in accordance with EGE 35-B-10. A vapor barrier shall be provided over the outer
layer of the insulation in accordance with EGE 34-B-11. Minimum thickness of insulation for fireproofing
shall be 50 mm (2 in.). Moisture contamination to the insulation shall be avoided to prevent damage to the
insulation as a result of steam pressure caused by a fire.

4.7.3 Insulation used for fireproofing shall be jacketed with 18Cr-8Ni stainless, vinyl-clad galvanized
steel, or uncoated galvanized steel. Uncoated galvanized steel shall not be used below ambient
temperature service where corrosion will be accelerated if the galvanized steel is kept wetted from
condensation. For jacketing and accessory requirements, refer to EGE 34-B-10 or EGE 34-B-11.

4.7.4 If aluminum pipe, tubing, and conduit in cold service are to be fireproofed, corrosion of the
aluminum due to insulation alkalinity shall be avoided when calcium silicate or perlite is used. The aluminum
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shall be protected by a coat of Valspar 13-Y-8 Vinyl Wash Primer, or equivalent, 0.13 mm (0.5 mils) dry
thickness, or wrapped with polyethylene sheeting 0.15 mm (0.0006 in.) thick. When the insulation
manufacturer provides a written guarantee that his product will not cause corrosion of aluminum, the primer
coat or the polyethylene sheeting may be omitted subject to Mobil approval.

4.8 Magnesium Oxychloride Plaster

The use of magnesium oxychloride plasters for fireproofing is not recommended. Field experience has
indicated that corrosion of the substrate steel occurs as the topcoat (over the fireproofing) weathers and
moisture combines with the chloride present in the plaster to form hydrochloric acid. The fireproofing flakes
and falls off due to moisture entrapment and causes corrosion to the steel lathing and wire mesh used to
fireproof anchoring and reinforcement. This situation is more pronounced in offshore applications
characterized by high levels of atmospheric moisture and chlorides. Additionally, zinc chlorides, which
exaggerate the problem by accelerating the corrosion rate, form in the presence of moisture when
magnesium oxychloride plasters are applied to galvanized steels and steels prepared with zinc primers.
Satisfactory use of magnesium oxychloride plasters would depend on unusual degree of excellence and
uniformity in application of the primer and topcoat to prevent moisture penetration. In such cases,
re-application of the topcoat shall be required every 3 to 5 years. If the topcoat is damaged, or prematurely
weathers and is not maintained, moisture will enter the material and initiate substrate and reinforcement
corrosion.

5. EQUIPMENT AND STRUCTURAL FIRE-PROOFING REQUIREMENTS

The purpose of fireproofing is to provide protection from collapse of equipment and their supports by
reducing the rate of temperature increase in the substrate. This will reduce or eliminate damage resulting
from the spread of high-temperature burning liquids and gases during fire situations in petroleum and
petrochemical facilities.

5.1 Ratings

Fireproofing ratings for structures and equipment are indicated in Table 2; explanation for each rating is
given in the appropriate referenced paragraph.

5.2 Process Plants

5.2.1 Steel Support Elements

Steel support elements located in a fire exposed area within process unit battery limits shall be fireproofed.
Such elements may be protected by a fixed water spray system in lieu of fireproofing only when approved
by Mobil. The water spray system shall conform to EGS 643.

TABLE 2
FIREPROOFING RATINGS REQUIRED — STRUCTURES AND EQUIPMENT

Mobil Test Duration Reference

Structures and Equipment (HydrocarbonFire) Paragraph

Steel structures supporting equipment 1 hour 5.2.2(a, b, c, d)

Main pipe racks inside process units 30 minutes 5.2.2(e)

Main pipe racks in process units supporting 1 hour 5.2.2(f)

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equipment

Structural supports for process unit transfer 1 hour 5.2.2(g)

lines

Piping supported from hangers 1 hour 5.2.2(h)

Flue gas stack supports 1 hour 5.2.2(i)

Steel structures unable to support concrete 1 hour 5.2.2(j)

Crude desalters and reactors 1 hour 5.2.4(a)

Equipment supports (skirts, legs, etc.) 1 hour 5.2.4(b, c)

Main instrument runs 15 minutes 5.2.5

Tubing, conduit, and valve operators 15 minutes 5.2.6

5.2.2 Steel Structures

Unless otherwise noted, steel structures and equipment supports shall be protected with a Mobil 1-hour,
high-rise hydrocarbon fire resistance rating, or equivalent, as follows:

(a) When supporting high fire potential equipment, columns and beams shall be fireproofed with 50
mm (2 in.) of concrete. Other approved fire protection coatings of an equivalent fire resistive rating may
be used with Mobil approval. Columns and beams that transmit the equipment load to columns shall
be fireproofed from grade up to the equipment support level (see Figure 1-A). When low fire potential
equipment is located at a higher level, the fireproofing shall be extended 12 m (40 ft) above the level at
which high fire potential equipment is supported; see Figure 1-C.

(b) When supporting low fire potential equipment, the structure shall be fireproofed with 50 mm (2 in.)
of concrete, or other approved fire protection coatings, from its base up to the platform or horizontal
bracing plane nearest to an elevation of 12 m (40 ft). However, the fireproofing shall not terminate below
10.5 m (35 ft); see Figures 1-B and 1-C.

(c) Knee and diagonal bracing that contributes to the support of vertical loads or stability of columns
shall be fireproofed. Knee and diagonal bracing used only for wind loading need not be fireproofed (see
Figure 1-C).

(d) The top surface of a beam that requires fireproofing need not be fireproofed when that beam
supports steel flooring or piping.
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(e) When main process area racks and interconnecting pipe racks (located in process areas) support
piping only, they shall be fireproofed from their bases up to and including the first-level pipe support
beams for Mobil 30-minute test rating (see Figure 2-A).

Required minimum thickness of the fireproofing shall be in accordance with manufacturer’s test data and
shall meet the Mobil 30-minute fire resistance rating or equivalent (see Table 2). Fireproofing shall be
in accordance with Paragraph 4.6. Wind bracing and structural steel stringer beams running parallel to
piping need not be fireproofed.

(f) Some main pipe racks, which are located in process units and other fire potential areas, support
equipment such as air coolers. These racks shall be fireproofed for a Mobil 1-hour, high-rise
hydrocarbon fire resistance rating, or equivalent, from their bases up to and including the equipment
support legs and the horizontal beams transmitting the equipment load to the columns (see Figure 2-B).
Fireproofing shall consist of 50 mm (2 in.) of concrete as specified in Paragraph 4.2. Fireproofing
materials with a Mobil 1-hour, high-rise hydrocarbon fire rating, or equivalent, may be used in lieu of
concrete, subject to Mobil approval. Short support legs (not over 1.8 m [6 ft] in height and integral with
the air cooler) should be fireproofed in accordance with Paragraph 4.6 for a Mobil 1-hour test rating.

(g) Structural steel supports for process unit transfer lines shall be protected against failure of the
hanger or rod by a bracket or beam located beneath the pipe (see Figure 2-D). The bracket or beam
shall be fireproofed with 50 mm (2 in.) of concrete or equivalent fireproofing material. Sufficient
clearance between the bracket and pipe shall be provided to permit free movement of the spring
hangers. Where the use of the bracket is not practical, spring hangers and rods may be fireproofed with
preformed pipe insulation conforming to Paragraph 4.7.1. Insulation shall be weatherproofed as
specified in Paragraph 4.7.3.
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FIGURE 1
FIREPROOFING STEEL STRUCTURES
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FIGURE 2
PIPE RACK IN PROCESS AREAS
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(h) When central chimneys or stacks are designed to receive flue gas from several heaters, the
structural supports for the flue gas ducts between the heaters and stack shall be fireproofed when they
are located in fire exposed areas. Concrete fireproofing providing either a Mobil 1-hour, high-rise
hydrocarbon rating or equivalent may be used. Other fireproofing materials with an equivalent fire
resistance rating may be used subject to Mobil approval.

(i) When the weight of concrete would overload the structure, steel may be fireproofed with
a lighter weight material of equivalent fire resistance rating, with Mobil approval. Thickness shall
be in accordance with manufacturer’s recommendations for a Mobil 1-hour, high-rise hydrocarbon
fire rating.

5.2.3 Concrete Structures

Concrete structures constitute a unique category, as follows:

(a) Reinforced concrete structures do not require fireproofing unless specified otherwise.

(b) Prestressed concrete structures located in fire exposed areas normally require fireproofing
to prevent relaxation of the tensioned steel rods or wire due to thermal expansion. However,
these structures are not within the scope of this Guide as they require special protection, such
as an intumescent coating or block insulation covered with a stainless steel jacket or water
sprays.

5.2.4 Equipment

Fireproofing requirements for equipment are as follows:

(a) Crude desalters (which contain large quantities of Class I liquid hydrocarbon) and externally
insulated reactors (which usually constitute critical process equipment) that are insulated for heat
conservation shall be fireproofed for a Mobil 1-hour, high-rise hydrocarbon fire rating, or
equivalent, with insulation and jacketing as specified in Paragraph 4.7. Other vessels shall be
fireproofed only when required by Mobil.

(b) Structural members that support equipment — such as skirts, legs, and lugs or anchor bolts of
vessels containing flammable or combustible liquids or vapors; support legs for air coolers supported
from ground level; support legs for pressure storage spheres; supporting structures for pressure storage
cylinders; and steel support legs for process heaters — shall be fireproofed for a Mobil 1-hour, high-rise
hydrocarbon fire resistance rating, or equivalent, with 50 m (2 in.) of concrete (see Paragraph 4.2).
Supporting structural members of low fire potential vessels located in fire exposed areas shall be
fireproofed to the same rating. Steel saddle supports for vessels shall be fireproofed when they exceed
0.6 m (2 ft) in height, measured at the center. Supports shall be primed in accordance with EGE
35-B-10. Anchor bolts shall be coated with a corrosion-protective mastic prior to fireproofing.

Lightweight insulating concrete that meets the requirements of Paragraph 4.3 and masonry brick
in accordance with Paragraph 4.5.2 may be used in place of ordinary concrete when approved
by Mobil. Thicknesses are also subject to Mobil approval.

(c) Vessel skirts on insulated vessels should be fireproofed by continuing the insulation to grade,
rather than applying 50 mm (2 in.) of concrete to obtain the required fire resistance rating. When
used for fireproofing, the type of insulating and covering on the vessel skirt shall be as specified
in Paragraph 4.7. Vessel skirts shall be fireproofed inside and outside, except that skirts less than
1.2 m (4 ft) in diameter with only one access opening need not be fireproofed on the inside
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surface. Insulation at the bottom of a skirt shall be protected from water absorption by flashing
or caulking.

(d) Vertical vessels shall not be fireproofed unless required by Paragraph 5.2.4(a). Fireproofing
of skirts or support legs shall be as specified in Item (b) and shall terminate at top of support.
Vessels requiring insulation for heat conservation shall be insulated as specified in EGE 34-B-10
or EGE 34-B-11.

(e) Vessels in cold service, insulated with polyurethane, and fabricated from aluminum, shall be
fireproofed to a Mobil 1-hour, high-rise hydrocarbon fire resistance rating or equivalent. Other vessels
insulated with polyurethane shall be fireproofed only when specified by Mobil. Fireproofing shall consist
of 50 mm (2 in.) of a fireproofing type of thermal insulation listed in Paragraph 4.7.1. The fireproofing
shall be installed as the outer or inner layer as specified in EGE 34-B-11, Section 5.

5.2.5 Instrument Runs

Main banks of aboveground instrument runs (such as those coming from the control room and supported
on process unit pipe racks) that are located inside process unit battery limits shall be fireproofed by one of
the following methods:

(NOTE: When the loss of the main instrument run does not prevent an orderly unit shutdown and instrumentation is designed to fail safe, fireproofing
may be deleted with Mobil approval.)

(a) Insulation — Perforated and unperforated metal instrument trays shall be completely enclosed with
25 mm (1 in.) minimum thickness insulating block or board conforming to Paragraph 4.7.1. The
insulation shall be secured with stainless steel bands and shall be weatherproofed with vinyl-coated
galvanized steel sheet subject to Mobil approval. The bands and sheet shall be in conformance with
Paragraph 4.7.3. The metal jacket shall be secured with stainless steel, sheet metal screws or bands.

(b) Intumescent Mastic — The following techniques may be used:

(1) For unperforated galvanized steel sheet metal trays — Method A or Method B:

METHOD A: Unperforated galvanized sheet metal trays that completely enclose instrument
cable and tubing shall be coated on all sides with an approved intumescent mastic 6.4 mm
(¼ in.) dry thickness. This exterior coating shall be reinforced with wire mesh in accordance
with manufacturer's recommendation.

Prior to application of the mastic, new galvanized trays shall be mechanically abraded by grit
blasting or other means to ensure adhesion of the prime coat. Abrasion depth shall be 0.13
mm (0.5 mil).

METHOD B: This is the same as Method A except that 25 mm (1 in.) thick mineral wool
insulating board, with a density of 96 to 125 kg/m³ (6 to 8 lb/ft³), shall be glued to the bottom
of each tray to separate the instrument lines from the sheet metal tray. Also, the outside of
the tray shall be coated with an approved intumescent mastic 4.8 mm (3/16 in.) dry thickness.

(2) For perforated, unperforated, and ladder-type trays — A box with a removable cover shall
be fabricated with 1.1 mm (0.04375 in.) minimum diameter, galvanized hardware cloth with 12.5
mm by 12.5 mm (½ in. by ½ in.) openings. The box shall be lined on all sides with 25 mm (1 in.)
thick mineral wood insulating board with a density of 96 to 128 kg/m³ (6 to 8 lb/ft³). The outside
of the mesh shall be sprayed with mastic 4.8 mm (3/16 in.) dry thickness. The entire assembly shall
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be prefabricated, sprayed, and field installed. Prior to installation, the instrument cable or tubing
shall be wrapped with 0.025 mm (1 mil) of aluminum foil.

(c) Subliming Mastic — Unperforated galvanized steel sheet metal trays that completely enclose
instrument tubing shall be coated with mastic for a Mobil 15-minute test rating, or equivalent. Two
weather-protective top coatings shall be applied as specified in Paragraph 4.6.2. Prior to application of
the subliming mastic, the galvanized steel sheet metal shall be primed with one coat of Valspar 13-Y-8
Val-Chem Vinyl Wash Primer or approved equivalent.

The mastic coating shall be reinforced on all four corners of the cable tray by application of a 140 mm
(5½ in.) wide strip of open-mesh fiberglass cloth between coats of mastic.

(d) Mineral Wool/Cement Board — Perforated and unperforated sheet metal and ladder-type cable
trays shall be completely enclosed with 25 mm (1 in.) minimum thickness mineral wool/cement board
panels, or equivalent. The panels shall be secured with stainless steel screws and/or stainless steel
bands 19 mm (3/4 in.) wide by 0.5 mm (0.02 in.) thick, located no more than 450 mm (18 in.) apart. In
freezing climates the fireproofing panels shall be given a weatherproof coat of paint. The structural
strength of the metal cable tray shall be adequate to support the weight of the fireproofing.

(e) Prefabricated Fireproof Wrap-Type Systems — Prefabricated fireproof wrap-type systems that
meet the Mobil high-rise hydrocarbon fire resistance rating, or equivalent, for 15 minutes protection may
be considered for use on instrument runs. These systems shall be composed of high-temperature
insulating material that is wrapped around the instrument runs and is readily removable for maintenance
activities. MTC Facilities Group should be contacted for recommended systems.

(f) MI Electric Cable — When approved by Mobil, mineral insulated (MI) instrument cable may be used
in lieu of fireproofing. Magnesium oxide insulation shall be stable at 1650ºC (3000ºF). An outside metal
sheath of copper or stainless steel shall be provided. High-pressure, liquid-tight fittings shall be used.

(g) Water Sprays — When approved by Mobil, open and closed instrument trays shall be protected
by automatically activated fixed water sprays in accordance with NFPA 15 and EGS 643.

5.2.6 Tubing, Conduit, and Valve Operators

Instrument air tubing electrical cable or conduit and valve operators designed to function during a fire (such
as depressuring valves and remote operated emergency valves) shall be fireproofed as discussed herein.
Where the valve is designed to fail safe, fireproofing may be omitted.
[NOTE: Fireproofing is not required for instrument air tubing of stainless steel (Types 304, 316, or 321).]

(a) Cable, conduit, and tubing shall be fireproofed by one of the following methods:

(1) Apply preformed pipe insulation of 50 mm (2 in.) minimum thickness for conduit or tubing
NPS 2 (NPS = nominal pipe size, inches) or more in outside diameter; use 40 mm (1½ in.)
thickness for conduit or tubing under NPS 2 in outside diameter. Insulating materials shall be in
accordance with Paragraph 4.7.1 and jacketing shall conform to Paragraph 4.7.3.

(2) Cover conduit or tubing with a prefabricated wrap-type system approved by Mobil to provide
the required protection.

(b) The motor of remote controlled, electric motor operated valves shall be fireproofed by one of the
following methods:
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FEBRUARY 1989 PAGE 15 OF 16 EGE 34-B-15 — 1989

(1) Cover the motor with 50 mm (2 in.) of preformed pipe insulation or box in with 50 mm of
insulating block conforming to Paragraph 4.7.1. When a thermal overload cutoff for the motor is
installed on the motor windings, it shall be disconnected. Then, either another overload protection
shall be provided at the motor starter or such protection may be eliminated if approved by Mobil.
The handwheel and engaging level shall not be fireproofed; they shall be accessible from outside
the fireproofing.

The fireproofing design shall be reviewed with Mobil to ensure that the valve operator will not
overheat when insulated because of the absence of ventilation.

(2) Cover the motor operator with a prefabricated wrap-type system as described in Paragraph
5.2.5(e). The system chosen should be easily removable for all maintenance activities.

(c) The solenoid of solenoid-operated valves shall be fireproofed by one of the following methods:

(1) Cover the solenoid with 50 mm (2 in.) of insulation conforming to Paragraph 4.7.1. All
fireproofing designs shall be reviewed with Mobil to ensure that the valve operator will not overheat
(with insulation) because of the absence of ventilation.

(2) Cover the solenoid with prefabricated wrap-type system as described in Paragraph 5.2.5(e).

(d) The diaphragm housing of diaphragm-operated valves shall be fireproofed with 50 mm (2 in.) of
preformed pipe insulation or boxed in with 50 mm of block insulation conforming to Paragraph 4.7.1.

5.2.7 Nonferrous Metals and Piping

Nonferrous metals (such as aluminum, copper, and other low-melting-point metals) used for equipment in
hydrocarbon service shall be fireproofed with at least 50 mm (2 in.) of insulation in accordance with
Paragraph 4.7. Nonferrous piping shall be fireproofed only when required in project specifications.

5.3 Offsite Areas

Generally, fireproofing is not required for supporting steel elements located in offsite areas, unless they
support high fire potential equipment, are with 9 m (30 ft) of high fire potential equipment, or are subject to
a flammable liquid spill fire. For example, the support legs for pressure storage spheres and the supporting
structure for pressure storage cylinders shall be fireproofed.

5.4 Buildings

Buildings shall be classified for occupancy as specified in the ICBO Uniform Building Code, NFPA 220, or
other codes that may supersede with respect to required fire resistance and/or fire protection. Usually,
buildings that do not contain flammable liquids and are equipped with automatic water sprinkler systems
need not be fireproofed. Roofs or walls may be considered to limit a fire exposed area when constructed
of fire resistance materials such as:

(a) Self-supporting masonry walls or reinforced concrete walls.

(b) Masonry walls 200 mm (8 in.) or thicker and concrete walls 150 mm (6 in.) or thicker on a
fireproofed frame.

(c) Gypsum plank or concrete roof or deck on a fireproofed frame. When process equipment is located
within buildings, steel supports subject to pressure leak fires (such as flange leaks) or serious spill fires
shall be fireproofed for a Mobil 1-hour fire resistance rating.
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EGE 34-B-15 — 1989 PAGE 16 OF 16 FEBRUARY 1989

5.5 Weatherproofing

5.5.1 All fireproofing located outdoors shall be sealed by caulking or flashing to prevent moisture from
reaching the fireproofed steel surface.

5.5.2 Weather protective coatings required to seal lightweight concrete and similar materials should last
5 to 7 years depending upon the environment. If coatings are allowed to deteriorate, the fireproofing
substrate will rapidly fail and require replacement. Therefore, periodic inspection (at least once a year) is
recommended. Peeling and cracked coatings should be removed and repaired as recommended by the
coating vendor.

6. QUALITY CONTROL

6.1 General

Satisfactory performance over the expected lifetime of the fireproofing will depend upon the techniques used
by the applicator as well as frequent job inspections by Mobil personnel.

6.2 Monitoring and Inspection

Important points for assurance of a quality application are discussed in this section.

6.2.1 Qualified Mobil personnel should monitor material mixing, density, preparation of substrate, applied
thickness, surface finish, and surface coatings.

6.2.2 During application, all fireproofing shall be visually inspected for shrinkage cracks, mechanical
damage, integrity of caulking and spackling. These deficiencies shall be corrected in accordance with the
vendor’s recommended procedure. Following initial application, annual inspection by Mobil personnel is
recommended.

6.2.3 The applicator shall continuously measure wet thickness of gunned, sprayed, and troweled
fireproofing using a probe gage. Dry thickness shall be measured by bore samples of magnetic gage.

6.2.4 Random bore samples of gunned and troweled, dense and lightweight concrete shall be made at
locations selected by Mobil. Initial bore samples should be made on the basis of one per each 5 m² (50 ft²).
If the samples meet job requirements, sampling may be increased to one per 10 m² (100 ft²) subject to Mobil
approval. Repairs shall be made to bored areas using the vendor's recommended procedure.

6.2.5 Prior to fireproofing, the applicator shall prepare a representative sample of the fireproofing to be
used as a comparison for inspecting surface finish.