CIENCIAS CONTABLES, FINANCIERAS Y ADMINISTRATIVAS

"AÑO DE LA LUCHA CONTRA LA CORRUPCIÓN Y LA IMPUNIDAD"

IU ACTIVIDAD COLABORATIVA

CARRERA PROFESIONAL
CONTABILIDAD

DOCENTE TUTOR

MAG. JOSÉ DAVID BAUTISTA CAMPOS

ASIGNATURA

Ingles II

TEMA

Actividad N° 6: ACTIVIDAD DE INVESTIGACIÓN FORMATIVA/criterios de evaluación

ESTUDIANTE
Edwar Magno Piminchumo Acuña

CHICLAYO, Mayo DEL 2019

 Questions

1. What is Hypothermia?

Hypothermia is a medical emergency that occurs when the body loses heat faster than it
produces, which causes a dangerous decrease in body temperature. The normal body
temperature is around 98.6 ° F (37 ° C). Hypothermia occurs when the body temperature
drops below 95 ° F (35 ° C).

When body temperature drops, the heart, nervous system and other organs can not
function normally. If hypothermia is not treated, over time, it can cause the heart and
respiratory system to stop working and, finally, death.

2. How do you know if somebody has hypothermia?

Symptom

The chills are the first thing you will notice when the temperature begins to fall because
they are the body's automatic defense against the low temperature to warm up.

The signs and symptoms of hypothermia include the following:

 Shaking chills.
 I babble or murmur.
 Slow and shallow breathing.
 Weak pulse.
 Clumsiness or lack of coordination.
 Drowsiness or very little energy.
 Confusion or loss of memory.
 Loss of knowledge.
 Cold skin and bright red color (in babies)
A person with hypothermia usually does not realize their condition because the
symptoms occur gradually. In addition, the confusion of thought related to
hypothermia prevents one from being aware of what is happening to them. The
confusion of thought can also lead to risky behavior.

3. What do you have to do if you are with somebody who has hypothermia?

If you think someone has hypothermia, call 911 or the local emergency number.
Then, perform the following steps immediately:

 Gently, move the person out of the cold. If going to an interior is not possible,
protect the person from the wind, especially around the neck and head. Isolates
the person from cold soil.
  Gently remove the wet clothes. Replace wet things with dry and warm blankets or
coats.

 If you need more heat, do it gradually. For example, apply warm, dry compresses
in the center of the body (neck, chest and groin). The CDC says that another option
is to use an electric blanket, if you have one available. If you use hot water bags or
hot chemical bags, first wrap them in a towel before applying them.

 Offer the person warm, sweet and non-alcoholic beverages.

 Perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) if the person does not show signs of
life, such as breathing, coughing or movement.

4. What do you have to do if you are with somebody who has hypothermia?

Hypothermia and hyperthermia are often associated with exposure to extreme

weather conditions such as staying for a long time in cold weather or, conversely,
being exposed to the sun in desert climates. However, for our elders it is not
necessary that they are exposed to an extreme environment to be affected.

The abrupt changes of temperature, environment and humidity are some of the
causes of difficulty for the health status of our elderly and from Cuidum we want to
show you the risks that exist and how to deal with them in the best way to protect
them.

The disorders of thermoregulation can be produced by lesions at the level of the

afferent pathway, the hypothalamus or the efferent pathway (fundamentally at the
level of the last two). On the other hand, different neurological disorders result in an
excessive production of heat that overflows the thermoregulatory system.

In most cases the alterations in body temperature are due to non-neurological

causes, despite which they present striking neurological symptoms. That is why, even
though a patient presents with an acute neurological disorder, hyperthermia or fever
should not be attributed to a "central origin" unless there is an obvious involvement
of the hypothalamus or efferent pathway, especially at the mesencephalic-pontine
(Douglas, 2001).

HYPERTERMIA

Hyperthermia is considered any increase in body temperature that exceeds 38ºC.

Hyperthermia can be classified in (Yekaterina et al, 2008):

- Controlled (fever): thermoregulation control systems are functional, almost never

exceeding 41ºC and is attributed to an alarm mechanism or adaptive to processes
generally infectious, which stimulate the secretion of endogenous pyrogens by
leukocytes and macrophages.
 - Uncontrolled (extreme pyrexia): in this case the thermoregulation system is
dysfunctional either by direct injury (tumors, stroke ...) or overload (heat stroke,
malignant hyperthermia, dehydration ...). It usually exceeds 41ºC.

Among the causes of hyperthermia, the most frequent are usually of non-
neurological origin (heat stroke and dehydration), except in cases induced by
pyrogens (infectious and inflammatory processes).

Clinically, it is characterized by two types of symptoms:

- Neurological: fatigue, weakness, muscle cramps, alteration of the level of attention,

agitation...
- Non-neurological: syncope, edema, acute renal failure due to rhabdomyolysis,
coagulation disorders, electrolyte disturbances and acid-base balance...

HYPOTHERMIA

It is considered hypothermia when the body temperature drops below 35ºC. Like
hyperthermia, it is usually caused by non-neurological causes or not related to an
intrinsic alteration of the thermostat system (usually accidental hypothermia).

From the clinical point of view, the most frequent manifestations are:
- Neurological: altered level of consciousness, dysarthria, increased muscle tone...

- No neurological: chills, arrhythmias, distributive shock...

5. Which one is more dangerous: hypothermia or hyperthermia?

hypothermia is more dangerous, causes the patient to die.

6. Explain how to fulfill one of the steps for treating hypothermia.

Treatment

Seek medical attention immediately for anyone who appears to have hypothermia.
Until medical attention is received, follow these first aid guidelines for hypothermia.

First aid

Treat it gently. When you are helping a person with hypothermia, treat it with care.
Just do those movements that are necessary. Do not massage the person or rub them.
Excessive, energetic or sudden movements can cause cardiac arrest.

Keep the person away from the cold. Place it in a dry and warm place if possible. If
you can not push it away, cover it with cold and wind as much as possible. If possible,
keep the person horizontal.
Take off wet clothes. If the person has wet clothes, take them off. Cut clothing if
necessary to avoid excessive movement.

It covers the person with blankets. Use layers of blankets or dry coats to warm the
person. Cover the head of the person and only leave the face uncovered.

Isolates the body of the person from the cold soil. If you are outside, place the person
on their back on a blanket or other warm surface.

Control your breathing. A person with severe hypothermia may appear unconscious,
with no apparent signs of pulse or breathing. If the person's breathing has stopped
or if it seems dangerously shallow or superficial, perform CPR immediately, in case
you are trained.

Give warm drinks. If the affected person is conscious and can swallow, give him a
warm, sweet, non-alcoholic drink without caffeine to help warm the body.

Use dry and warm compresses. Use a warm first aid compress (a plastic bag filled with
liquid that heats up when squeezed) or a temporary compress of warm water in a
plastic bottle or heated towel with a dryer. Apply the compress only on the neck,
chest wall or groin.

Do not place it on your arms or legs. The heat that is applied to the arms and legs
forces the cold blood back to the heart, lungs and brain, which causes the internal
body temperature to decrease. This can be deadly.

Do not apply direct heat. Do not use hot water, hot compresses or heating lamps to
warm the person. Extreme heat can damage the skin or, worse, cause irregular
heartbeats so severe that they can cause the heart to stop.

Medical treatment

Depending on the severity of hypothermia, emergency medical attention for

hypothermia may include one of the following interventions to increase body
temperature:

Warm up again passively. In the case of a person with mild hypothermia, it is

sufficient to cover it with warm blankets and offer warm liquid to drink.

Warm up the blood again. The blood can be extracted, heated and made to circulate
again in the body. A frequent method for heating blood is the use of a hemodialysis
machine, which is normally used to filter the blood of people with kidney failure. A
coronary bypass may also be necessary.

Warm intravenous fluids. You can inject a warm intravenous solution of salt water to
help warm the blood.
 Warm up the airways again. The use of humidified oxygen administered through a
nasal mask or tube can warm the airways and help increase body temperature.

Irrigation. A salt water solution can be used to heat certain areas of the body, such as
the area around the lungs (pleura) or the abdominal cavity (peritoneal cavity). The
warm fluid is introduced by catheter into the affected area.

7. Do you know what FIRST AIDS mean?

The term is the Acronym of Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome. ... People

belonging to the first group are considered to be seropositive, that is, they have
antibodies in their blood because of the presence of the virus; It is only when these
defenses become insufficient that an AIDS picture develops.