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Drava Knabe

Emily Kretzer

ENG 1201

27, October 2019

Online Casebook

“Animal Agriculture's Impact on Climate Change.” ​Climate Nexus​, 16 Oct. 2019,

https://climatenexus.org/climate-issues/food/animal-agricultures-impact-on-climate-change​.

In this article, it’s talked about how animals used for agricultural reasons, such as

harvesting for food has one of the biggest impacts on climate change. It is talked about how big

of a difference farming animals is versus plants. The farming of animals creates so much CO2,

takes up a lot more farmland, and creates over 5 times the amount of nitrogenous fertilizer. The

target audience I believe would be for people who are researching this topic, also anyone who is

willing to learn about the changes to spread awareness. The way I am going to use this in my

paper is to talk about how big of an impact this has on climate change. Although I am mainly

focusing on wild animals, I feel the need that farming animals should be mentioned as it is a very

huge part in the speeding up of climate change.

Cho, Renee, et al. “What Helps Animals Adapt (or Not) to Climate Change?” ​State of the

Planet,​ 3 Apr. 2018,

https://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/2018/03/30/helps-animals-adapt-not-climate-change/​.

Cho, Renee, et al., wrote an article on the Columbia University website, written on March

30, 2018. The main point of this article is to inform people on the changed the climate is having

on animals. In this article she explains that every animal has to either move out of the area
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because it is too hot or cold, adapt to it by changing the way they think or work, or by dying. She

explains that animals have begun to go to higher or lower altitudes to escape the warmth or cold.

She explains how some animals are adapting to the warmer climates, such as insects. As spring

has begun to come sooner, so have the insects. The purpose of this author’s article is to inform

people on how the climate changes are affecting wild animals. The audience of this article would

be people researching this topic, or are just curious. In the time frame this was written, about a

year and a half ago, it was just beginning to be spring, which could be a reason insects were one

of the topics. The author is a writer and a coordinator for an environmental organization. In the

article she links studies by researchers at universities. I will use this information in my research

paper by using her information about the choices between adapting, moving, or dying. This is

very relevant to my research, as it contains information on wild animals and climate change.

“Climate Change.” ​The National Wildlife Federation​, Observed Impacts of Climate

Change in the United States, Pew Center on Global Climate Change National Aeronautics and

Space Administration (NASA) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA),

https://www.nwf.org/Educational-Resources/Wildlife-Guide/Threats-to-Wildlife/Climate-Chang

This article was written after 2016. It is published on the National Wildlife Federation

website. This website works with 52 states and affiliates to research and report on the wildlife

wellness. The main point of this article is to talk about the rising soil and sea temperatures, along

with the melting glaciers. The article talks about what exactly is happening with the temperature

changes. It also talks about the human impacts on this issue. The article gives just a slight

glimpse into the detrimental effects of climate change are and will be in the future. The way I am
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going to use this article in my research is to talk about the effects it will have on our planet in the

future. I will talk about the new diseases it could bring along with invading species fleeing their

natural habitat due to climate changes.

Dell'Amore, Christine. “7 Species Hit Hard by Climate Change-Including One That's

Already Extinct.” ​National Geographic​, 5 July 2016,

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/4/140331-global-warming-climate-change-ipcc-

animals-science-environment/#close​.

Dell'Amore, Christine wrote this article on the National Geographic website. It was

written on April 2, 2014. She has an undergraduate degree in environmental science.The

audience I believe this article is targeting is anyone who is willing to read and take the ideas into

consideration to spread awareness. The main point of this article is to explain what is happening

to animals during climate change. She describes 7 animals affected and how they are affected.

She goes into detail on the fact that we need to make changes quick or these species of animals

are going to go extinct. She explains things that us humans can do to help climate change. She

also explains specific things that we are doing which in turn affect animals severely. The way I

am going to use this in my research is by talking about the species that are chosen in this article,

along with the things humans have contributed to climate change, such as oil drilling. Also, how

us humans can slow down climate change.

McKelvey, K.S.; Perry, R.W.; Mills, L.S. 2013. The Effects of Climate Change on

Mammals. ​U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Climate Change Resource Center​.

www.fs.usda.gov/ccrc/topics/wildlife/mammals
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McKelvey, K.S.; Perry, R.W.; Mills, L.S., wrote this article on the website United States

Department of Agriculture. The main point of this article is to talk about the effects of climate

change on mammals. It explains that there are mammals that have already been endangered such

as the Indiana bat, that needs a specific temperature and climate to survive. The change in

temperature may cause them to migrate to a different area. Invading different areas, maybe

becoming even more endangered. The article is posted on a government website and also has

many sources crediting reliable sources from researchers and universities. The way I am going to

use this in my research project is by using the information about the 3 temperature sensitive

animals and what the future predicts for them as the climate is still changing and is predicted to

speed up. The time frame this article was written is unclear other than it was written in 2013, I do

not think the time frame had anything to do with how well the article is written.

Shankman, Sabrina, et al. “Climate Change Threatens Thousands of Species in Our

Lifetime.” ​InsideClimate News​, 8 Nov. 2018,

https://insideclimatenews.org/news/13032018/climate-change-species-at-risk-biodiversity-plants

-animal-migration-global-warming​.

Shankman, Sabrina wrote this article on the website for climate change, and it is a .org

website. This article was published March 13, 2018. This article has the same study cited as a

website I have used in this also. The main point of this article is to describe the drastic changes to

the environment that climate change has caused. It talks about how many species of animals that

are predicted to go extinct in the next few decades. It also talks about some of the people's

favorite animals, and a well known animal affected by humans, the sea turtle. It also includes a

few other animals. This article also puts into perspective the damage and how drastically low the
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diversity percentages are predicted to go. The way I am going to use this in my research is to

hopefully put it into perspective for the reader how much climate change is actually affecting

wild animals in their native climates. I want people to understand the real dangers of the changes

occuring.

Walker, William H., et al. “Global Climate Change and Invariable Photoperiods: A

Mismatch That Jeopardizes Animal Fitness.” ​Wiley Online Library​, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 16

Aug. 2019, ​https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ece3.5537​.

Walker, William H., et al. was published on September 16., 2019. The writer of this

article are the authors of ​Ecology and Evolution​. The main point of this article is to focus on both

the benefits and the risks of climate change. It talks about the benefits of some species of

butterflies and how it has enhanced their survival rates during the winter, also their flight rates.

This article talks about a broad spectrum of things being harmed, such as plants. Also

mentioning the idea of invasive species that are beginning to take over areas, pushing native

species out. I believe this article is to target more scholarly level researchers. It is a very

professionally written article but contains very many facts with diversity. The way I am going to

use this in my research is by mainly using the facts that have helped some species, while still

harming a larger number of other species.