Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
(JAPCDAS)
Eming, Timothy Dave G.
timmeming@gmail.com
Empizo, Sean Ernest S.
sean7122001@gmail.com
Eduarte, Aliyah Ken D.
aliyah_eduarte@yahoo.com
Erasmo, Hana Katrina C.
erasmohana@gmail.com
Esguerra, Jewel Lois A.
kuronuma818@gmail.com
Estravila, Li Anne T.
laestravila@gmail.com
Fantastico, Jethra C.
jethrafantastico@gmail.com
Abstract
In the plight of the increasing number of private vehicles and other modes of transportation for the public
masses, the public utility jeepneys is one of the most popular, the most convenient and cheapest mode of
public transportation in the country. But with mismanagement and their increasing number, they cause
traffic and drivers often experience problems related to work and family. In order to cope with these
problems, the researchers created a device that can accurately count the number of passengers incoming
and outgoing and record the data called Jeepney Automatic Passenger Counter with Data Acquisition
System (JAPCDAS). The researchers used Arduino, ultrasonic sensors, micro SD Card Module, Real-Time
Clock and Power bank for the device to function similar to a bi-directional visitor counter.
Based on the results of the study: in terms of accuracy, there is no significant difference among the distances
between sensors in the following scenario: 20 Going in and 1 People Going in and Out 20 times , while
there is a significant difference among the sensors in the following scenarios: 20 People going out and 10
people going in then 10 people going out; in terms of sensitivity, there is no significant difference between
the passing alone and when with a backpack and large boxes but there is a significant difference when
passing with umbrella and shopping bag; in terms of data logging capacity, the time depends on the micro
SD but it can last 2 years with 1gb; in terms of battery life, it can last 10 days with a 20000Mah Power bank
and finally in terms of cost, the parts are priced at 827 pesos to 1062 pesos depending on the supplier.
Keywords. Ultrasonic, Arduino, Jeepney, Datalogger,
In the plight of the increasing number of 3.Can the researchers create a device that is
private vehicles and other modes of transportation economically viable in terms of:
for the public masses, public utility jeepneys still a. Battery Life; and
remain the most inexpensive mode of b. Cost?
transportation in the country. In producing a higher
income yield, factors concerning the environment Significance of the Study:
of the driver, especially in the context of safety are
overlooked. In this time of technological advancement
where comfort is at the tip of the finger, this
According to Ranosa, Fillone and De innovation assists the driver and provides technical
Guzman (2017), after a series of consultations with data to professionalize the driving trade. The goal
the stakeholders in Baguio City, they indicate that of this study is to create a Jeepney Automatic
one of the most pressing concerns with regard to Passenger Counter - counts the number of people
transport in Baguio City is the congestion due to entering and exiting the jeepney and recording the
mismanagement and increase in vehicle data. This can help the driver and the passenger in
population. many ways.
In order to cope with some of the problems First, the passenger count and time given
of jeepney drivers and ever-increasing traffic by the device can give safety and efficiency. Since
congestion in Baguio City, the researchers had drivers turn their back to count the passengers
come up with an idea to create a device that can while driving, the jeepney becomes prone to
accurately count the number of passengers at any accidents, but the device, itself, can help the driver
given time and record the data called Jeepney count the passengers to lessen the driver's work.
Automatic Passenger Counter with Data Second is comfort for the passengers since the
Acquisition System (JAPCDAS). jeepney is loaded with the maximum seating
capacity as stated by the Republic Act No. 587
Statement of the Problem: Section 5 which varies among the jeep, passengers
are given the comfort to sit because the driver will
Generally, the study aims to create and test
not stop anymore to add more passengers and
Jeepney Automatic Passenger Counter with Data
overcrowd the jeepney.
Acquisition System (JAPCDAS) that counts the
people entering and exiting the jeepney and
Also, the data collected by the Data
records the data.
Acquisition System can help in profit
Specifically, the researchers aim to answer
maximization since the obtained data from the
the following questions:
device can help jeepney drivers in scheduling and
1. Can the researchers create a Jeepney Automatic
forecasting decisions that can help them maximize
Passenger Counter that can efficiently count the their profit and be there when passengers need
number of passengers entering and exiting a them the most. Next, is traffic management and
certain jeepney in terms of: statistical use, in the long run, the data gathered can
a. Accuracy; and be beneficial for the government and operators,
b.Sensitivity? since it can help on creating a sustainable
2. Can the researchers create a Data Acquisition transportation network to improve the service and
System that can effectively collect data from the road network around a particular place. Also,
Jeepney Automatic Passenger Counter in terms convenience to the driver, because they will have
of: data that can be used for computing their revenue
a. Data Output Presentation; and from a number of passengers to ensure that all
b. Data Logging Capacity? passengers have paid their fare and know if they
gain or lose profit.
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Eming, T. D., Empizo, S. E., Eduarte, A. K., Erasmo, H. K., Esguerra, J. L., Estravila, L. A., & Fantastico, J.
Finally, the device will be made affordable, traffic enforcers) and PUJ problems such as motor
durable, user-friendly and long lasting as possible problems and overheating.
to help the jeepney drivers get their breakeven
revenue and get more profit. This device will come According to Ranosa, Fillone, and De
with a power bank to ensure long battery life and a Guzman (2017), the stakeholders in Baguio City
plastic case to make it durable. Drivers will not be indicated that one of the most pressing concerns
shocked by the cost because it will be at a very low about transport in Baguio City is the congestion
cost. and increase in vehicle population. The challenges
in congestion are further aggravated to the lack of
Scope and Delimitations: information gathered from different public utility
vehicles like jeepney, the lack of centralized public
The focus of this study is to test a prototype transport terminals, and lack of implementing body
of Jeepney Automatic Passenger Counter with and authority to manage all transport and traffic
Data Acquisition System (JAPCDAS) that will be operations, rules and standards, engineering, and
created by the researchers using Arduino. This education of public transport operators.
study is conducted in the University of the
Cordilleras, Baguio City from March 25, 2019 to In order to solve the said problems, the
June, 2019. researchers had come up with an Automatic
The information provided by Arduino Passenger Counter but there has been no previous
circuit boards have an innate characteristic of research about it but an Automatic Passenger
imperfection and its quality is highly influenced by Counter for buses and other public transportation.
the way it is gathered. In fact, this information may Automatic Passenger Counter (APC) as defined by
even be incorrect. Most sensors feature an inherent Elkosantini and Darmoul (n.d.), APC is an
inaccuracy (e.g., a few centimeters in ultrasonic electronic device that identifies the number of
sensors). Furthermore, each technology has its passengers on board. On the other note, as stated
own specifications and limitations, creating some by Anand, Koshy and Arora (2019) APC is an
technical restrictions during the construction of the electronic device available for installation on
device. transit vehicles including buses and rail vehicles
which accurately records boarding and alighting
Review of Related Literature: data. The technology helps to improve the
accuracy and reliability for counting the number of
According to a survey conducted by Guss passengers that board and leave at every stopover
and Tuason (2008), drivers identified financial, traditional method of manually counting by drivers
personal, family and work related-problems are or by random estimation. With that being said, this
their biggest concern. First, financial problems product can be helpful for drivers and passengers.
included not having enough money to pay According to Sohol, Piya, Shadman, and Motahar
children’s education, house rent, and for the (2018), the use of APC is it provides a solution to
maintenance of their PUJ. Second, drivers also remove syndicate and corruption in the
generally identified having personal problems on transportation sector. It counts how many
health such as back pain and fatigue due to passengers are sitting and shows on the display
prolonged hours sitting down. Third, family screen in real-time monitor and the authority can
problems are also said to have been caused by lack see the total number of passengers. No paper
of time and money provided to the family from the receipt is needed to ride on the bus. It enables the
driver. Lastly, work-related problems also exist transport authority to obtain correct bus fare from
such as problems regarding road problems (e.g., bus drivers and helpers remotely instead manually
traffic congestion and traffic), people problems counting where corruption happens.
(e.g., conflicts with other drivers, passengers and
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Jeepney Automatic Passenger Counter with Data Acquisition System (JAPCDAS)
Digital Bi-directional Visitor Counter ultrasonic person counter was built with
works the same way as an Automatic Passenger one Arduino Uno and two ultrasonic sensors. This
Counter, according to Dey, Chakraborty, device performs its functionality similarly to the
Islam, Pramanik, and Malick (2016), a Bi- motion device. The difference consists of the
Directional Visitor Counter is a device or system information provided by the sensor. The ultrasonic
that can read the incoming and outgoing agents or device informs the distance of an object that is
traffic that tends to visit physically. According to ahead of it. Therefore, the device checks at what
Sharma, Panes, Saha, Yadav, and Luthra (2014), distance an object is from the sensor and waits
the basic concept behind this project is to measure until the other sensor recognize the object in the
and display the number of persons entering same distance interval. In this case, it is
any room like seminar hall, conference room etc. recognized that someone has passed in front of the
LCD displays the number of people inside the device.
room. They can use the project to count and display
the number of visitors entering inside any The results of Carvalho et al. (2016) shows
conference room or seminar hall. This works that the second approach, ultrasonic person counter
in two way. That means if a person enters the room is more accurate than the first approach, the motion
the counter will increment and will decrement if a person counter. Although, the information
person leaves the room. provided by the person counter devices can
be used in several scenarios, such as to ensure the
Carvalho, Silva, Buiati and Timoteo security of access to a room, or to regulate the
(2016) created a research paper that presents the temperature of a room. Algorithms have been
implementation of an Arduino-based device has suggested to carry out the management of the
the ability to inform how many persons there in a information provided by the sensors. As a result of
room related to an automatic passenger counter for the proposal, experiments show that in controlled
vehicles. Since imperfect or incomplete data may environments, where there are not many people
hinder the proper functioning of an Arduino- transiting, both approaches
based system, the proposal was have considerable accuracy. In contrast, scenarios
implemented using two different approaches: where the flux of people is significant, both
motion and ultrasonic technology. Those applications have an impoverishment of its
technologies have accuracy.
been combined with microcontroller to create a
device capable of informing, with accuracy, the In order to record and store data from the
difference of individuals entering and exiting a Automatic Passenger Counter, a Data Acquisition
particular room. The first approach is motion System is required. According to Siddiqui (2018),
approach where the person counter was Data acquisition is the process of digitizing data
designed with an Arduino Uno and two motion from the world around us so it can be displayed,
sensors. The microcontroller verifies analyzed, and stored in a
which sensor is activated and waits for the computer/microcontroller. Techopedia also
activation of the other sensor. If both were explains that a data acquisition system (DAQ) is an
activated in a given time interval, it is information system that collects, stores and
identified that a person has passed in front of the distributes information. It is used in industrial and
designed with a microcontroller and two motion commercial electronics, and generally, consist
sensors. The Arduino Uno verifies which of DAQ software and hardware along with sensors
sensor was activated and waits for the activation and actuators, and they
of the other sensor. If both were activated in a generally require underlying support for data
given time interval, it is identified that a person has communication between the data acquisition
passed in front of the device. On the other hand, hardware and software.
the second approach is the ultrasonic approach, the
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Eming, T. D., Empizo, S. E., Eduarte, A. K., Erasmo, H. K., Esguerra, J. L., Estravila, L. A., & Fantastico, J.
METHODOLOGY 2. Breadboard
Breadboards are easier and faster to work
Hardware Components Used: to lay out circuits than it would be to try to wire
components without one, so generally, they are
The researchers will create a prototype for useful for quick testing and prototyping electronics
automatic passenger counter similar to a digital ideas. The most common breadboards are 400-
bidirectional visitor counter using Arduino point breadboard and 830-point breadboard.
software and hardware.
1. Arduino Uno
Arduino is an open-source prototyping
platform composed by a microcontroller or
physical programmable circuit board and software
or IDE that runs in a computer. The Arduino
boards like the Arduino Uno interacts with the
environment through peripheral components, like
electronic sensors, lights, and motors. Then, using 3. Jumper Wires
the Arduino programming language and the
Arduino Software (IDE), it is possible to Jumper wires are wires that have connector
manipulate data captured (Arduino, 2016). It pins at each end, allowing them to be used to
consists of 14 input/output pins for information connect two points to each other without soldering.
and yields operation, a 16 MHz quartz crystal, a Jumper wires are typically used
USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, with breadboards and other prototyping tools in
and a reset button. Arduino board consist of order to make it easy to change a circuit as
everything needed to work with a microcontroller. needed. Though jumper wires come in a variety of
Arduino IDE (Integrated Development colors, the colors don’t mean anything. But in this
Environment) was used to upload programs to the project, colors will be used to identify what kind
Arduino boards and further these programmed of wire is used for:
boards can be used to perform intended tasks.
a. Orange: Ground Wire (GND Pin to other
Technical Specifications: modules)
Microcontroller: ATmega328 b. Yellow: Power Wire (Power Pin to other
Working Voltage: 5V modules
Input Voltage 7-12V
c. Blue: Data Wire for Indicator Bulbs
(recommended):
(Arduino Pins to Bulbs)
Digital I/O Pins: 14
Analog Input Pins: 6 d. Grey and Purple: Data Wire for Micro-SD
DC Current per I/O Pin: 40 mA Card Reader
Clock Speed: 16 MHz e. Black and White: I2C Bus (SDA and SCL
Working Current: 50 mA Pins to RTC and LCD Display)
5
Jeepney Automatic Passenger Counter with Data Acquisition System (JAPCDAS)
6
Eming, T. D., Empizo, S. E., Eduarte, A. K., Erasmo, H. K., Esguerra, J. L., Estravila, L. A., & Fantastico, J.
the project. The data recorded can then be opened Operating Voltage: 3-24V
in Microsoft Excel. Min Sound Output at 10 cm: 95 DB
Technical Specification: Resonant Frequency: 3100±500
Working Voltage: 5V/3.3V Operating Temperature: -20 to +80oC
Size: 20x28mm Working Current (MAX): 20mA
Interface: SPI
Compatible: MicroSD
Working Current: 30mA
Technical Specification:
Model No.: SFM-27; Figure 1
Rated Voltage: 12V Block diagram of the device
7
Jeepney Automatic Passenger Counter with Data Acquisition System (JAPCDAS)
Figure 2
Schematics of the device
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Eming, T. D., Empizo, S. E., Eduarte, A. K., Erasmo, H. K., Esguerra, J. L., Estravila, L. A., & Fantastico, J.
output will be the encoding of the data in the passenger counter, the two ultrasonic sensors will
micro-SD card. The microcontroller will get the work together to show whether a passenger has
current date from the RTC to use it as a file name entered or exited, the sensors will be aligned
for where the data will be encoded and the data, parallel to the floor of the jeepney and will be one
which is the Passenger Count and Current Time inch apart, if sensor A (closer to the outside of the
will be encoded inside the file. The data will be jeep) was activated first before sensor B (closer to
stored on a micro-SD card which can be ejected the inside of jeepney), that will be registered as an
and plugged into a laptop or desktop. The data in entry and the passenger count will increment if
the micro-SD card will contain data that can be sensor B activated before sensor A then it will be
read by the computer using the program Microsoft registered as an exit and the passenger count will
Excel to show an understandable graph with the decrement. If only one sensor will be activated
number of passengers, date and time. The software then that will not be registered. After the data will
and the flowchart of the process are further be collected and processed by the ATmega328p
explained on the next page of this paper. chip, the microcontroller of Arduino, then the
passenger count and the time will be displayed in
2. Field Deployment of Automatic Passenger the LCD Display and also utilized by the Data
Counter Acquisition System as explained a while ago. If
the number of passengers reached a certain limit
The Jeepney Automatic Passenger (maximum capacity), the buzzer will then alarm
Counter (JAPC) will be installed at the entrance for 5 seconds to notify the driver that the jeep is
of the vehicle attached to the door and encased full. The program is summarized in the flowchart
within a plastic box. The JAPCDAS works as a below:
Figure 3
Flowchart of the Device
9
Jeepney Automatic Passenger Counter with Data Acquisition System (JAPCDAS)
10
Eming, T. D., Empizo, S. E., Eduarte, A. K., Erasmo, H. K., Esguerra, J. L., Estravila, L. A., & Fantastico, J.
b. Sensitivity
𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑀𝑖𝑐𝑟𝑜 𝑆𝐷 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑑
The best distance from the results of the = ×𝑚
37𝑚 + (𝑛 × 24 × 60 × 60)
accuracy was used here. There were two scenarios,
first is only the passenger is passing and the other
scenarios was with the object. The passenger will where m = logging time[sec]
pass 10 times in scenario and compared with the n = bytes per line
control variable which is passing alone. These
objects are typically with the passengers during 1. Efficiency of the Device
riding a jeep namely: a. Battery Life
1. Backpack
2. Shopping Bag The researchers computed for the total
3. Large Boxes current the device by adding all the working
4. Umbrella current of each device and the battery life of the
2. Data Acquisition System power bank to compute estimated duration.
a. Data Output Presentation
The researchers will also do an actual
The researchers used the data output of the testing using the device and power bank and
device’s data from the accuracy and sensitivity measure how long the battery life will last.
testing by recording the initial time and final time
of the recording and will be match at excel later. b. Cost
The best trials will be included for transparency
The researchers compared different online
and observations. The researchers will first present
raw data and then a graph from Microsoft Excel stores on different online shopping channels to find
and compare the results. which store offers the lowest price and most
complete in terms of parts.
b. Data Logging Capacity
Data Analysis
Micro SD Cards with different storage The results from different trials were
capacity (1GB, 2GB, 4GB, 8GB, 16GB) will be
classified ang grouped to obtain the mean and
tested measuring how much data and calculate the
standard deviation which was used for statistics.
estimated days for data logger to logging. Since
micro SD Cards has lower actual size compared to Different statistical analysis was used in this study
advertised size, a formula from Pine64 (2016) was to compare if there is a significant difference
shown on how to get the Actual size of a Micro SD between the groups and variables, the researchers
Card. The formula shown below retrieved from also interpreted the results per analysis, the
Omar, Mahzan, Rionon, Mohammad, and following statistics were the following:
Rosselan (2017) will be used on how much data
can be written on a given SD Card. The logging
time in this research is every 1 seconds which
mean the passenger count and time will be 1.
recorded every 1 second. a. Accuracy:
Actual Size of Micro SD card Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)- Single
Factor was used to compare if there is a significant
𝐴𝑑𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝐷 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑑 ∗ (1000 ∗ 3) difference among the different distances of the
= sensors. One ANOVA per scenario was utilized.
(1024 ∗ 3)
The hypothesis for different measurements in
sensors are as follows:
Ho= μ1 = μ2 = μ3 = μ4
Estimated duration
11
Jeepney Automatic Passenger Counter with Data Acquisition System (JAPCDAS)
Ha= Means are not equal significant difference among the distances of
sensors in scenario 1.
b. Sensitivity Although there is no significant
T-test paired two sample for means was difference of the distances between sensors
utilized to compare if there is a significant in this scenario, it is observed that having the
difference between the data from each scenario to sensors 3 inches apart results in the most
the control variable which is the data from passing accurate results. This is because this gives
alone. The hypothesis for different measurements the microcontroller enough time to process
in are as follows: the information. The mean decreases as the
Ho: μCONTROL = μEXMERIMENTAL distance between the sensors get shorter, this
Ha: μCONTROL ≠ μEXMERIMENTAL is due to the higher possibility of errors
coming from the lack of time for the device
c. Reaction Time: to process the information.
3. a. Battery Life
Percentage Error is the difference between Scenario 2: 20 People Exiting
a measure and known value, divided by the known SUMMARY
valuer, multiplied by 100%. This was utilized to Groups Count Sum Average Variance
compare the computed value by the researchers 1 Inch 3 21 7 1
and the experimental value tested in the research. 2
Inches 3 24 8 7
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3
1. Automatic Passenger Counter Inches 3 53 17.67 6.3333
a. Accuracy of the Device 4
Inches 3 35 11.67 6.3333
Scenario 1: 20 People Entering
SUMMARY ANOVA
Groups Count Sum Average Variance Source of
1 Inch 3 39 13 3 Variation SS df MS Fstat P-value
2 Inches 3 43 14.3333 14.3333 Between
3 Inches 3 52 17.3333 1.33333 Groups 209.6 3 69.86 13.522 0.001688
4 Inches 3 49 16.3333 1.33333 Within Groups 41.33 8 5.167
F crit
ANOVA Total 250.9 11 4.0662
Source of
SS df MS Fstat P-value Since the Fstat=13.52 is greater than
Variation
Between Fcrit=4.07 and the p-value=0.0017 is less than the
34.25 3 11.42 2.2833 0.155918 alpha level of 0.05, reject Ho. There is a significant
Groups
difference among the distances of sensors in
Within Groups 40 8 5
scenario 2. There is a significant difference
F crit
because the results of the 1 inch and 2 inches set
Total 74.25 11 4.0662 ups are very low compared to the 3 and 4 inches set
ups. The low count rate of the 1 and 2 inches set
Since the Fstat=2.28 is less than the Fcrit=4.07 ups may be due to the slow processing rate of the
and the p-value=0.166 is greater than the processor or due to the speed at which the
alpha level of 0.05, accept Ho. There is no passenger is exiting the vehicle.
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Eming, T. D., Empizo, S. E., Eduarte, A. K., Erasmo, H. K., Esguerra, J. L., Estravila, L. A., & Fantastico, J.
13
Jeepney Automatic Passenger Counter with Data Acquisition System (JAPCDAS)
the control variable. Since the t Stat=4 is less than difference between passing alone and passing with
the t crit two tail=4.30, accept Ho, there is no backpack. The significant difference is due to the
significant difference between passing alone fact that people sometimes hold their bag in front
and passing with backpack. The mean between of them with significant distance of the bag to the
the two is the same which indicates there is no body of the person which may cause the device to
direct effect of having carrying a box or not. register the bag as an entry
2. Passing with Shopping Bag
3. Passing with Large Box
t-Test: Paired Two Sample for Means
t-Test: Paired Two Sample for Means
Passing
Passing Alone with Bag Passing Passing with
Alone box
Mean 7.333333333 5
7.333333
Variance 0.333333333 1
Mean 333 7.333333
Observations 3 3 0.333333
Pearson Correlation 0 Variance 333 2.333333
Hypothesized Mean Observations 3 3
Difference 0 Pearson Correlation 0.944911183
df 2 Hypothesized Mean
t Stat 3.5 Difference 0
P(T<=t) one-tail 0.036413675 df 2
t Critical one-tail 2.91998558 t Stat 0
P(T<=t) two-tail 0.07282735 P(T<=t) one-tail 0.5
t Critical two-tail 4.30265273 2.919985
Since the t Stat=3.5 is greater than the t crit one t Critical one-tail 58
tail=2.92, reject Ho, there is a significant P(T<=t) two-tail 1
t-Test: Paired Two Sample for Means 4.302652
t Critical two-tail 73
Passing with Passing Since the t Stat=0 is less than the t crit one
Backpack Alone tail=2.91, accept Ho, there is no significant
7.33333 difference between passing alone and box. As for
Mean 7.333333333 3 the large boxes, there is no direct effect between
2.33333 passing alone and with boxes because the sensor
Variance 0.333333333 3 can accurately detect the whole box compared to
Observations 3 3 a shopping bag which is free form
Pearson
Correlation 0.944911183
Hypothesized
Mean Difference 0
df 2
t Stat 0
4. Passing with Umbrella
P(T<=t) one-tail 0.5
t Critical one-tail 2.91998558 t-Test: Paired Two Sample for Means
P(T<=t) two-tail 1
t Critical two-tail 4.30265273
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Eming, T. D., Empizo, S. E., Eduarte, A. K., Erasmo, H. K., Esguerra, J. L., Estravila, L. A., & Fantastico, J.
Graph:
Passing Passing with
Alone Umbrella 3 Inches- 20 Going Inside(Trial 2)
7.333333
20
Mean 333 4.666667
Passenger Count
15
0.333333 10
Variance 333 0.333333 5
Observations 3 3 0
8:44:29
8:44:31
8:44:33
8:44:35
8:44:37
8:44:40
8:44:42
8:44:45
8:44:48
8:44:51
8:44:53
8:44:55
8:44:58
8:45:00
8:45:02
Pearson Correlation -1
Hypothesized Mean
Difference 0 Time
df 2
t Stat 4
0.028595 Scenario 2
P(T<=t) one-tail 479 Data:
2.919985
t Critical one-tail 58 Passenger Passenger
Time Time
0.057190 Count Count
P(T<=t) two-tail 958
4.302652 8:50:40 20 8:51:04 8
t Critical two-tail 73 8:50:45 18 8:51:05 7
Since the t Stat=4 is greater than the t crit one 8:50:51 15 8:51:10 5
tail=2.92, reject Ho, there is a significant 8:50:56 12 8:51:15 2
difference between passing alone and passing
8:51:00 10 8:51:20 0
with umbrella. Similar to the shopping bag
scenarios, holding an umbrella also causes errors
Graph:
when detected by the device.
15
Jeepney Automatic Passenger Counter with Data Acquisition System (JAPCDAS)
Graph:
Scenario 3
Data: 3 Inches- 1 Person Entering and Exiting
Alternately 10 times(Trial 1)
13
Passenger Count
Time Passenger Time Passenger 12
Count Count 11
9:40:00 0 9:40:24 9 10
9
9:40:05 2 9:40:29 7
10:44:35
10:44:39
10:44:42
10:44:45
10:44:48
10:44:51
10:44:54
10:44:57
10:45:00
10:45:03
10:45:07
10:45:10
10:45:13
9:40:10 5 9:40:31 6
Time
9:40:16 8 9:40:35 3
9:40:20 10 9:40:40 2 b. Data Logging Capacity
For one line of date, time and passenger count,
the size was constantly 12 bytes. Thus, how
Graph much data and estimated days for data logger to
logging is shown below:
4 Inches- 10 Going Inside then 10
Going Outside(Trial 2)
10 Storage Actual Number Number of
Passenger Count
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Eming, T. D., Empizo, S. E., Eduarte, A. K., Erasmo, H. K., Esguerra, J. L., Estravila, L. A., & Fantastico, J.
a. Battery Life
96% Starter
Kit
94% (Jumper
Wire,
Arduino 340 495 405 399
92%
Uno,
Breadbo
90% ard,
Resistor,
88% Bulbs)
Jumper
Wire 46 59 77 45
M/F
Time
Ultrason
ic
126 126 158 160
b. Cost Sensor*
The following are different suppliers from 2
different online shopping channels included Micro
SD Card
different parts needed for the project:
Memory 42 57 90 97.75
Shield
Module
Real
Time
Clock 85 95 125 140
Breakou
t
Buzzer 73 69 49 130
LCD
Display
Screen
16x2
115 143 150 130
I2C
Adapter
for 16x2
17
Jeepney Automatic Passenger Counter with Data Acquisition System (JAPCDAS)
18
Eming, T. D., Empizo, S. E., Eduarte, A. K., Erasmo, H. K., Esguerra, J. L., Estravila, L. A., & Fantastico, J.
19
Jeepney Automatic Passenger Counter with Data Acquisition System (JAPCDAS)
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