Group of Intellectuals and Academicians

New Delhi, India

Fact Finding Report From Jammu , Kashmir and
Ladakh After Setting Aside of Article 370 and 35A
Now that the Article 370 has been done away with I hope we
get the benefits of being a UT…

You must win over Kashmiris.Have more delegations coming

to us...

The media potrays a very negative view of Kashmiris.

All Kashmiris are not terrorists….

The GOI should havetaken this step 10 years ago. Then our
children would not have had to take up arms…

The GOI could have taken this step in January .Everything

would have been automatically closed….

Ladakh has finally got Azadi from Kashmir….

We are residents of Poonch and Rajouri. We face bullets and

Kashmiris get the cream…

Pri Panjal needs development and Jobs…

Statements of people of Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh

during team interactions
STUDY AREAS: FACT FINDING TEAM
TO JAMMU, KASHMIR AND LADAKH
 REPORT OF FACT FINDING TEAM ON JAMMU, KASHMIR AND LADAKH
AFTER THE SETTING ASIDE OF ARTICLE 370 AND ARTICLE 35A

This Fact –finding was undertaken by Group of Intellectuals and Academicians

(GIA). Founded in 2015, GIA is a group of professional women and entrepreneurs,
media persons and academicians committed to social-justice and nation-building.

Members (In alphabetical Order)

Fact Finding - Kashmir
1. Advocate Monika Arora, Advocate (Supreme Court of India)
2. Ms Renuka Dhar, Associate Professor, Department of English, PGDAV (Eve)
College (Delhi University)
3. Ms. Sonali Chitalkar, Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science,
Miranda House (Delhi University)
Fact Finding-Jammu
1. Dr. Prerna Malhotra, Associate Professor, Department of English Ram Lal Anand
College (Delhi University)
2. Dr. Reena Sablok, Assistant Professor, Department of English, SSN College
(Delhi University)
3. Dr.Ritu Mathur, Assistant Professor, Chemistry, Zakir Husain college(Delhi
University)

Fact Finding-Ladakh
1. Ms. Poonam Bachheti , Educationist
2. Dr. Poonam Kumria, Associate Professor, Department of Geography, Miranda
House Delhi University
3. Prof. Vijeta Singh Aggarwal Professor, Department of Management Studies,
GGSIPU, Delhi1.

The views expressed in this report are only those of the authors and do not represent the views of their
respective institutions. Institutional affiliations are given purely for purposes of identification
 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This is the Report of a Fact Finding Team on Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh after the
setting aside of Article 370 and Art.35A. The Group of Intellectuals and
Academicians (GIA) went for ground observation to the two regions in October 2019.
Fact Finding Objectives:
a. To observe the daily lives of people in Jammu/Kashmir/Ladakh.
b. To catalogue conditions on ground in Jammu/Kashmir/Ladakh.
Description of persons met and interviewed during the Fact-finding
To achieve the objectives of this fact finding, we spoke to the people on the streets of
Kashmir, sought appointments with members of civil society and Government. We
had meetings people across all political and economic sections. A description of
persons whom we met is given below:
a. Random persons on the streets across rural and urban Jammu, Kashmir and
Ladakh
b. Minority Groups in Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh : Shias, Sikhs, Kashmiri Hindus
c. Marginalised groups in Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh –Dalits, Women .
c. Political party activists belonging to mainstream political parties as well as
terrorist groups.
d. Representatives of Armed forces and State agencies in Jammu ,Kashmir and
Ladakh.
e. Government officials in all three regions
Conclusion and Suggestions –Kashmir
The Fact finding team came away from Kashmir after intense field study of the
situation. In the period before we left, we had observed some issues being intensely
debated outside Kashmir:
1. There was intense petitioning and activity for the release of jailed Kashmiri
leaders by camps in Delhi. The Supreme Court has been petitioned.
2. It was being intensely projected that Kashmir is under „Lockdown‟ and there is‟
Genocide‟ in Kashmir.
3. There has been a call for restoration of mobile and internet connectivity.
4. There have been reports that 1300 children have been picked up and lodged in
Jails outside Jammu & Kashmir.

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We travelled across the length of Kashmir and met people from all social and
political spectrums. We met polar political opposites and observed some common
points:
1. There is no sympathy for jailed Kashmiri leaders amongst the common people of
Kashmir. Everyone we spoke to wants to see the Government of India (GOI) take
them to Court and convict them for corruption.
2. There is no Genocide in Kashmir. The only Genocide we observed was that of
Kashmiri Hindus in 1990. At present Kashmiris are not under any kind of
Lockdown or Genocide.
3. Mobile connectivity is an issue in Kashmir. Lack of Internet is an issue too.
However there are large sections who credit this step with saving of many lives in
Kashmir at present. However there is also a call for restoration of mobile
connectivity.
4. Women are safe in Kashmir. We saw women on the roads driving cars. We saw
them actively working in the Panchayats. They are not being harassed due to their
religious identity.
5. Sarpanches are looking forward to Block Development Committee (BDC )
elections. However they need urgent security and reassurances from the
government.
6. The Minorities of Kashmir seek closer interaction directly with the GOI.
7. The Kashmiri Hindu Genocide in Kashmir must be recognized by the GOI. This
event is a Genocide as per the UN Convention on Genocide. Their experiences
cannot be equated with the brutalization of Kashmiri Muslims in the State by non-
State actors. The Kashmiri Hindus were targeted for their religious identity.
8. There is a silent constituency of wisdom amongst Kashmiri Muslims in Kashmir.
They seek closer interaction with the government.
9. Across all persons we spoke to there is desperation because the „stooges of
separatism „in Kashmir who are placed in Delhi are wooed by the GOI in Delhi.
(One person we spoke to asked us bitterly why Mehbooba Mufti‟s daughter is
getting so much importance in Delhi.)
10. There is no evidence of children being picked up by security forces and randomly
arrested. Some cases are there which are being addressed through the due process
of law.
11. Media persons (and visitors) are travelling freely and reporting in Kashmir. No
one stopped us during our extensive travel through Kashmir.
12. There is brutalization of people by the terrorists still present in urban and rural
areas. They are not allowing people to resume daily lives. These are the
Overground Supporters of Underground Terrorists (OSUT).

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Overall Kashmir is going through intense churning. Kashmiris across board seek
healing from a corrupt, oppressive, social and political culture that has emerged in
Kashmir for the past 70 years and more intensely in the last 30 years. They want the
GOI to make the UT model work in Kashmir. They look towards the Centre to reach
out to them with real changes. We recommend that the process of healing between the
GOI and the Kashmiris be facilitated. Any group or set of persons nationally or
internationally trying to derail this process should not be allowed to betray the
Kashmiris.
The single strong suggestion we make is to involve women, nation –builders
amongst the silent constituency of wisdom in Kashmir and minorities, in developing
a Framework for furthering aspirations in the State. This group must be in direct
contact with the GOI. Panchayati Raj Institutions must be strengthened in Kashmir
through such a group.
Major Findings of the Jammu Region Visit
Normalcy and Celebration in the Jammu Region Post-5th August
The team found everything normal in the Jammu. Markets, shops, transportation
services, schools, colleges, universities, hospitals, mobile and landline phones have
been working as usual. Internet services are available on Wi-Fi, at homes, Internet
cafes and all government institutions. Only mobile phone Internet has been withheld
till date and this restriction too may be eased out in the coming days.
The people surveyed and interacted by the team have welcomed the decision to set
aside Article 370 and 35A. . The main steps for action are as follows:
1. Many people shared their apprehensions regarding loss of lands and jobs as they
fear influx of outsiders. This fear should be allayed .A few students also were
enthusiastic about expected increase in competition and their own possibility of skill
development.
2. Taking Special Care of Victims of Article 370 and Article 35A: The team felt the
prolonged pain and suffering of victims of 35A. No compensation can reverse the
years of their mental agony and all kinds of loss.
3. Need for Development of the Neglected and Discriminated Areas and Communities
ie in the border areas and Dalits in the region.
4. Strengthen and support Panchayati Raj.
Overall, the setting aside of Article 370 and 35A has been a huge step taken by the
Central Government. The Even bigger task begins after 5th August 2019. The
government needs to identify and prioritise its doable tasks on immediate and long
term basis.
Ladakh: Recommendations and Road Ahead
We observed that in both Leh and Kargil, people are engaged in deriving benefits
from their UT status and are looking at ways in which their regions will develop

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mechanisms for empowerment through BDC elections and such the like.In Ladakh the
single most dominant feeling is that of Euphoria. People from Leh and Kargil are
looking ahead with positivity.
The main concerns we observed on ground were:
1. Demand for a greater focus on preservation of Bhoti language.
2. . Greater focus on land connectivity is a must as large parts of South Ladakh
are even now accessible only on foot. Similarly air connectivity,
communication connectivity etc need to be strengthened.
3. Education infrastructure will need to be strengthened in the local area as it has
been a dominant concern of the local population since long.
4. As a lot of focus is on creating the economic opportunities. Focus is required
in a concerted manner on local skill formation in the locally relevant sectors
and then creating economic and entrepreneurial opportunities to absorb these
skilled people.
5. Since Ladakh's main attraction is its culture and natural environment, the
government needs to be open to initiatives aimed at their protection.
In this context grant of the Union Territory status to Ladakh makes perfect
sense. People from Leh and Kargil have been brought closer and are now able
to resolve any mutual differences with greater success.

THE FACT FINDING REPORT ON KASHMIR

Wrapped up in Yourself, You hid from me.
All day I looked for You
and when I found You hiding inside me,
I ran wild, playing now me, now You.
Lalleshwari (Kashmiri Mystic Saint)
We were leaving for Srinagar with a wonderful team but with hearts full of
apprehension. Kashmir, we were told, was an island where there would be no contact
with the outside world. There had been no mobile or internet connectivity in the
Valley since August 5, 2019.
The districts we visited in Kashmir are:
1. Srinagar – Downtown as well as other areas
2. Budgam
3. Baramulla
4. Pulwama
The suburban regions we visited in Srinagar are:
1. Bemina 4. Lal Chowk
2. Batmaloo 5. Press Enclave
3. Rainawari 6. Polo View

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7. Residency Road 12. Jawahar Nagar
8. Dal Gate 13. Hyderpora
9. Sonwar 14. Ram Munshi Bagh
10. Indra Nagar 15. Barzulla
11. Karan Nagar 16. Sheikhpora
Ground Report from major sites of Visit
The flight to Kashmir was full of locals, men, women, and children. Kashmiris, Sikhs
and even a few foreign tourists were on their way to Srinagar. There was a lot of
hustle and bustle, people were talking, chatting and seemed to be looking forward to
going home.
In a little over an hour, we had landed at the busy and swanky Sheikh-ul-Alam
International Airport.
On our way to the city, we saw a lot of traffic on the streets and noticed that people
were walking around. There were many cars, two wheelers and autos on the roads. On
the airport road we saw several boys and girls walking with books and bags,
apparently there are a number of Tuition/Coaching Centres in this area. Further on,
we saw a bustling road-side bazaar milling with people. On enquiring, we were told
that this used to be the site for a Sunday Market which has now been turned into a
regular marketplace. There was a mindboggling variety of goods on sale, families
were out purchasing items of need like clothes, snacks, household items.

5
 Roadside bazar in Srinagar
There was no sign of barricades and very few troops or armed personnel on the roads.
We noticed that the banks were open, govt. offices and the High Court were
operational, ATMs, some food shops, all Chemists were open. The shops opened
during the morning hours and downed shutters till the evening when they remained
open for a couple of hours. We were given different reasons for these peculiar
working hours. Some said it was an expression of resentment over the setting aside
ofArt 370 and Art35A, while others attributed it to a fear of stone-pelters and
terrorists who might end up harming them and their personal property.
Interaction with Residents of Dal Lake.
We went on a Shikara ride on the Dal Lake to find out how these boatmen were faring
in the midst of the present situation. The area was mostly deserted but we did spot a
few tourists.
The Shikara-wallas said that boatmen, hoteliers and transporters are suffering due to
the conditions in the region. They said that the „Hartal‟ has been declared by
anti-social elements and this is affecting mainly the poor and the people who depend
upon tourist influx. With respect to Article 370 and Art35A the main fear that they
have is that Kashmiris will lose their land to outsiders who will buy at high prices and
make land prices shoot up.
The Shikara-wallas are also fed up of the uncertain circumstances. They mention
threats from‟ city-people‟ who are forcing them to shut shop. They have a short
earning season and resent this disruption.
The Shikara-wallas we spoke to were also very bitter towards mainstream political
leaders like Farooq Abdullah and the Muftis. They resent the corruption that these
parties have indulged in at the cost of the common man. They feel that now that these
leaders have been imprisoned they must not be allowed to go scot free, they must be
made to pay for their corrupt practices. The general feeling is that the leaders of all
these mainstream political parties have not suffered in the conflict which has been
created by them over the past 70 years. They engineered the conflict and sent their
own families abroad while the man on the street suffered.

6
Interaction with Civil Society in Srinagar
We met Civil Society members, businessmen, academicians and journalists.
Regarding the „lockdown‟ and „clampdown‟, they informed us that there was no
directive from the government to shut shops, no curfew, no blanket restrictions
imposed under Section -144. The people, traders and businessmen close shops during
the day. They are aggrieved as to why they were not consulted before taking such a
drastic decision. We were also informed that one shopkeeper was gunned down by
terrorists because he dared to keep his shop open. They now down their shutters
voluntarily to avoid any such eventuality. Extreme voices in the form of pamphlets,
posters and wall writings asking them shut shop have been creating a sense of fear.
On being asked whether closing shops for two months has hit their profits badly, the
answer was that the shopkeepers open their shops from 7 to 9 in the morning and in
some areas from 4 to 7 in the evening. The local people know about it and hence they
shop during this period. On being asked about scarcity of foodstuff including rice,
grains etc the respondents informed us that Kashmiris are used to storing essentials
for the winter months so every household is well-stocked.
Regarding the setting aside of Article 370 and 35A most of them expressed a desire
for peace in the Kashmir region and feel that the amendment may delay the peace
process. Many respondents stated that Article 370 was an important link that bound
Kashmir to India, altering or abolishing it might endanger that link.
However, many of the focus group participants also felt that once the decision has
been taken it cannot be overturned or rather there is no use discussing the past. They
felt that this was an ideal opportunity for the Government of India to make things
work. If there cannot be a better life for Kashmiris under the Union Territory then this
decision would backfire.
There is a small yet dedicated group of Kashmiris (including Muslims) who are
unambiguously against the Pakistan-backed militancy and they speak and write about
the human rights violations committed by the militants. Our field studies also show
that there is what has been termed as a “silent constituency of wisdom” --those who
don‟t consider Separatists to be „sacrosanct‟ and beyond accountability.
The respondents feel that there is no ready-made or immediate tool to calm the raging
tempers in Kashmir, but that the steps suggested above can initiate a positive
atmosphere which will surely lay the foundation for reaching out to the Kashmiri
masses. Hysteria and provocative statements in the rest of the country create a
negative stereotype of Kashmiris and trigger a negative response in the Valley.
The Government needs to focus on cases of youth especially students who have been
detained/jailed on various charges. GOI also needs to reach out to the families of
those who died in 2010, 2016 street violence. Measures need to be taken to
rehabilitate those injured, and affected families must be approached to provide them
with all kinds of possible help in the education and employment of their children.

7
They feel that mainland India has always misunderstood them and they feel
threatened by the prevailing atmosphere in Kashmir. The society has become
skeptical and distrustful, people cannot discuss political issues openly.
As we drove down the roads in Srinagar, we spotted some wall writings. This is Graffiti
done in black spray paint, mostly during the night. One such wall writing said
I am So sorry ..We are Really Special…
We felt in our conversations with people that this feeling of being „special‟ has received
a jolt after August 5, 2019. The predominant feeling is that Kashmiriyat made the
people of Kashmir special. Surprisingly no one amongst the Civil Society members felt
that jobs will be threatened or that their land will be taken away. They however did
have a detailed discussion on „Kashmiri Identity‟, which they feel received a shock due
to the setting aside of Article 370 and Art 35A.
Main Issues Identified by respondents in our interaction with Civil Society in
Kashmir:
1. Now that the region is a UT ,this is a golden opportunity that the GOI can utilize
for the betterment of Kashmir.
2. There is no sympathy for the Abdullahs and the Muftis or the Mirwaiz and SAS
Geelani .The main task to be done is to punish them under corruption charges.
3. There is no lockdown but the lack of mobile connectivity causes a loss of business
and affects daily life.
4. There are threats from terrorists and their supporters and these groups are
enforcing bazaar shutdowns.
5. Transport is shut due to fear of stone-pelting, as a consequence schools have thin
attendance.
6. GOI must not engage with the Separatists or their support group in New Delhi. A
fresh new group of nation builders who are emerging in small numbers in
Kashmir must be supported and encouraged. These are the key to the future.
Report from Suburban and Rural Kashmir
While travelling out of Srinagar, we saw the areas around the city were fully open.
Shops in Batmaloo and Bemina were operating throughout the day and there was
dense traffic. Women were out driving their cars and Scooties, ambulances and
commercial vehicles were also plying. Residents told us that there had been no
shutdown in that area. We visited the historic Tehsil of Shalteng, children were going
to study-centres,The Noora Hospital was open. At Singhpora shops were closed but
the Health Care Centre was open, men, women and children were moving about
freely, some security forces personnel were around. At Arampora, shops were closed,
women especially young ladies could be seen around. Some were in Abbayas, people
were milling around and the presence of security forces was seen. At Kanispora we
saw similar conditions. Shops were totally closed, women and children were out in

8
large numbers, the CRPF and JK Police could be seen. Similar conditions could be
seen at Chak Charat Ram. At Waripora a small medicine shop was open. Women in
large numbers were out on the roads. Similar conditions were witnessed at Sangrama
and Rawatpora.

Pictures of rural and sub-urban Kashmir

At Palhalan, which is a larger village, we were told that it is a model village in official
records. However,the sad conditions of development in this village belied the title.
The condition of roads is bad, potholes welcome one into the village, making
pedestrians and commuters equally miserable. The entire road connecting over a
dozen villages is in a dilapidated condition. We were told that, during the peak season
when apples are transported out from the area truckers as well as the fruit growers
face severe hardships. Residents say despite a significant increase in the population of
the area and demands for electricity authorities have not upgraded the electricity
supply system. There is a dilapidated healthcare sub-centre which was open.
All along the way we saw that apple farming and daily activities were being
conducted.
At Inder, Romu and Kani in South Kashmir‟s Pulwama district, we noticed very poor
roads. Villagers told us that a link road is slated for construction under the Pradhan

9
Mantri Gram Sadak Yojna (PMGSY). Shops were closed because it was day time,
schools seemed deserted but people were out on the roads.
In none of the villages that we visited did the women complain of being harassed by
the security forces. People said that they ventured out of their houses on an average 5
to 7 times a day, there were no restrictions on praying and conduct of daily activities.
On being asked for the reason that shops were shut, they conveyed their insecurity
due to the doing away of their special status. They felt that now persons from outside
will swamp their daily lives. They also added that the shutdown was because of fear
and uncertainty. They had been warned not to open shops.
Main issues identified in rural and suburban Kashmir:
1. Rural Kashmir is experiencing closure of shops and schools due to pressure from
non-state actors.
2. Overnight posters and warnings by terrorists and the OSUT (Overground
Supporters of Underground Terrorists) are a daily affair in rural Kashmir. People
feel threatened and terrorised by these posters and prefer to stay home.
3. A counter poster campaign to allay the fears and put forward facts is being
conducted by the security forces.
4. Women are roaming freely and did not report any sexual or religious harassment
by security forces.
Report on meeting with the Shia Community
One significant minority in Kashmir is the Shia community of the Valley. It was very
difficult to contact or interview leaders and members of this community in Kashmir.
One reason is that they are extremely reluctant to be quoted or named due to fears of
persecution by Kashmiri Sunnis.
Kashmiri Shias at present form an important part of the Hurriyat leadership in Kashmir.
However some respondents from the community also spoke of neglect by the
Government. At one time, they were the main hub of Kashmiri papier-machie and silk
handicrafts, discrimination and Government apathy have killed the livelihood of these
artisans.
They seek special schemes and reservations in jobs for their community which they feel
has been neglected so far. The average Shia resents the fact that the political scene has
been dominated by only the Aghas and the Ansaris, they also complained that many
Shia strongholds were deliberately diluted by adding them to totally unrelated
Constituencies.
Main Issues Identified:
1. A Special Advisory board for Shias.
2. Reservations in Employment.
3. A Shia Waqf Board to be set up in Kashmir.

10
Report on Meeting with Sikh Community
We met many members of the Sikh community during our vis Kashmir visit. We went
to the Gurudwara Chhati Pathshahi in downtown Rainawari. We visited the area
around it and saw the construction of a Dharamshala going on in full swing.
Respondents told us that:
1. The Sikhs of Kashmir support the setting aside of Article 370 and Art.35 A. This
was expressed by the members of the community.
2. They feel that they are now safe and their properties are secure.
3. The Sikhs of Kashmir feel that it is a misconception that they did not suffer during
terrorism. Many of them had to move from their villages to safer areas due to
threats.
4. Currently the community suffers from discrimination at all levels.
5. Economically, their well-educated children are not given jobs. Some of them are
contractors and businessmen. Their children do not get A- class contractor status.
Their applications are never forwarded or resolved. They are only offered jobs in
the Army.
6. Due to this most of the Sikh youth have migrated to other parts of India. The ones
left behind are facing the Empty Nest Syndrome. They fear that if nothing is done
to create buffers for the Sikh community many elders will also migrate outside the
State. The community calls this slow migration which will turn into a mass
migration.
7. Sikh community leaders also told us that the community often faced the issue of
grooming and conversion of Sikh girls. Almost 70 such cases have been
documented by the community.
8. In such cases the police would refuse to file FIRs and delay investigation. This
gave the miscreants time for conversion of the girl and performing the Islamic
Nikah ceremony.
9. Some of the Sikhs we met also mentioned how historically their community faced
a pogrom in 1947 when many Sikhs were killed in communal riots and the Kabali
Raids in the State.
10. Regarding the present conditions in Kashmir after the policy changes of August 5,
2019, the Sikh community members we met made the following observations:
a. The withdrawal of mobile connectivity and internet in the initial phases was a
good step to avoid bloodshed and incidents of violence.
b. Attendance in schools was less because of the fear of stone-pelting on school
buses. Also due to lack of mobile connectivity parents were uncertain and
apprehensive to send children outside the house.
c. Bazaars and shops were closed by people due to threats from terrorists. There was
no curfew or restriction from the side of the government for normal functioning.
d. Public transport was not plying because of the fear of stone pelting.

11
e. The Sikhs are facing no problems in coming to the Gurudwara and observing their
daily religious practices.
f. There was some stone-pelting in Rainawari after August 5 2019 however, the
forces managed to control the situation.
The Sikh community gave the following recommendations for their community:
1. The GOI must link directly with Sikhs from Kashmir. (So far Sikhs from Jammu
have a greater connect with the GOI).
2. All the benefits of Minorities must be extended to the Sikhs. They asked for a
Sikh Advisory Board.
3. The Sikhs must be given representation. There must be reserved seats for them in
the Assembly.
4. A major program for providing Jobs and Employment to the Sikh community
Youth commensurate with their qualifications.
5. A representative of the Sikh community of Kashmir must be made a part of the
Governor‟s Advisory Panel.
6. For every 5000 people, there should be a police station manned by a composite
force of all communities.
7. The History of Sikhs in Kashmir must be given due recognition.VIP visits must
include the Chhati Pathshashi, which is the Gurudwara built when the sixth Guru
came to the Valley.
8. There should be a holiday in the State on the Shaheedi Diwas of Guru Tegh
Bahadur.
Report on the Meeting with Sarpanches
The Factfinding team met Sarpanches from different villages in Kashmir. We met
1. Sardar Bikram Singh ,the Sarpanch of Bunahama, Budgam.
2. Aftab Ahmed Beg, Kralvyeth, Kunzer,Baramulla
3. Gulham Moiuddin Sofi,Baramulla
4. Babita Bhatt, Ladoo, Pampore
5. Shahzareena, Mandakpal, Pampore
6. Maimuna Begam, Kreeri
7. Nasir Ahmed Khandey, Meej, Pampore
Main Issues identified by them were:
One of them said that there was no support to nationalists and minorities before 5th
August, 2019. He felt that the police and Administration should be made more
minority-friendly. There is lack of security in crucial areas. Almost 80% people are

12
happy with the setting aside of the two Articles, but are scared to express it. He
supported the resumption of mobile connectivity.
He also said that people do not know the meaning and implications of Art370. The
common man does not understand that financial initiative and freedom is very
important.
After the setting aside of Art.370 and 35A people have huge expectations. There is a
gap which is waiting to be filled. People, especially the youth are looking for jobs and
development. There is a huge gap in public work in the villages, this has to be taken
care of.
In Kashmir there was huge corruption. People are fed up of mainstream political
parties. They have seen such colossal wrongdoing and scams in every sphere that they
feel no sympathy for the mainstream political parties and jailed leaders. Rather he
feels that the GOI should act decisively and expose these leaders.
He specifically mentioned the nexus of bureaucrats and ministers who have not
allowed the Panchayati Raj system to work in Jammu and Kashmir.
One of the female Sarpanches said that post August 5, 2019 almost all normal
functioning was disrupted in her village but now people venture out of their houses
for daily needs and activities like prayers and purchase of essential items. The armed
forces are not stopping or restricting anyone‟s movement in her village, women in the
village are safe.
We met a young woman sarpanch belonging to the Gujjar Community, her villageis
also ethnically diverse. There are a number of developmental issues in her village.
She shared that Centrally Sponsored Schemes are not reaching the people ofthat
village. People urgently need toilets, houses, roads. People in the village are disturbed
after August 5 2019. However she clearly indicated that a small group of people are
dominating the narrative about Article 370 and 35A.
Main Issues Identified
1. There is an immediate need to reaffirm the importance of decentralization in
Jammu and Kashmir. Mainstream political parties (to which some of the people
we spoke belonged) have systematically kept power and development away from
the common people of Kashmir.
2. The Sarpanches have been at the receiving end of political bullying but have stood
up to it at severe personal risk and sacrifice. This is a constituency that needs
immediate reassuring and constant support immediately.
3. There are women Sarpanches in Kashmir who are active, informed and successful.
They are another group that needs support and outreach.

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Report on Meeting with Kashmiri Hindus
The FFT met Kashmiri Hindus at a Transit Camp set up for Migrant Employees in
Sheikhpora, Budgam. Residents of the Camp recounted their personal experiences of
forced exodus from the Valley.
It houses around 600 Kashmiri Hindu Employees of the J&K Government,
construction began in 2008 but the inhabitantssay that it wasn‟t till 2010 that they
wereallowed to movethere. Our vehicle was allowed to enter only after some stringent
checks, testifying to the fact that the Kashmiri Hindus still require protection in their
own region.
At present she says that they are sometimes taunted for being „Indian Agents‟.
However, she says her colleagues are generally fine with her and she doesn‟t face
hostility at her Workplace. She was unsure about the changes in their lives after Art
370 was set aside. However, she did say that if good educational institutions come up
in the Valley now, their children will remain in Kashmir.
They recalled that the Kashmiri Hindu exodus in 1990 took place within a span of
three months, between the assassination of Sh.Tika Lal Taploo and Sh.Prem Nath
Bhat. These three months were a culmination of years of targeted persecution due to
their religious and ethnic identity. This is the Genocide that Kashmir as well as the
Government of India and the International community needs to talk about and
recognize.
There is a sense of pain that the majority community in the valley still does not
acknowledge what they faced. The Kashmiri Hindus also observed that most
delegations/teams that visit Kashmir tend to bypass these Camps.
They want a single settlement, minority status, reservation in jobs, political
empowerment. After living in cramped accommodation for years, they yearn to own a
plot of land where they can build and own their houses once more..
Main issues identified:
1. The numerical strength of Kashmiri Hindus is not an important factor. They
represent the civilizational integrity of the region with the rest of the country.
They can be a small but important part of future policies in Kashmir.
2. The settlement of Kashmiri Hindus in a twin city model (for instance New
Srinagar) would facilitate their return, stay in Kashmir.
3. Kashmiri Hindus who are in Kashmir are still viewed as „agents‟ due to their
religious identity. This is a continuation from the past 70 years.
4. Most respondents amongst the locals still evade the issue of the 1990 exodus and
petulantly insist on parroting the baseless „Jagmohan Theory‟.

14
Report on meeting with Separatists
We met Zahid and two others who refused to be identified. He felt that Kashmir needs
development and that some wrong actions by individuals combined with provocative
speeches and statements creates outrage amongst Kashmiris. He repeatedly asked
whether in the last 70 years, GOI has tried to win the hearts of Kashmiris. Zahid said
that Pakistan has been attempting to lure Kashmiris for decades but hasn‟t succeeded,
however even India hasn't been able to win us over, he felt.
With reference to the setting aside of Article 370 and 35A ,the group we spoke to felt
that there was no need to remove Art 370 as the Congress and NC had already eroded
it and rendered it ineffective. They felt that the BJP was compelled to remove it only
because it had been part of their Manifesto for decades. They stated that the
Kashmiris should've been consulted & taken on board, before its removal.
One of them pointed towards the pampering of Pro-Pak elements by the GOI for 70
years. He said that it is shameful that, despite Kashmir being part of India, the Pak
elements are still allowed to exist and thrive in the Valley. During anti-India
agitations, NC, Congress, PDP and even those who are now with BJP, were involved,
he said. So GOI should not single out and blame only Hurriyat.
In the midst of the conversation one of them asked what the removal of Art 370 would
achieve. He said, India is using force but cannot suppress the people forever.
Referring to the killings of Abdul Ghani Lone, Maulvi Farooq and others he said that
it had been the work of Pak agents. Zahid said he feared for his safety because here,
militancy is a 'business' with everyone involved. They want violence to continue
because otherwise the flow of money will stop. NIA raids have brought in
accountability of funds which is a good step, he said. IB, CID, the army, security
forces are all involved in this web of corruption. These 'agencies' are responsible for
not allowing GOI to win over the hearts of Kashmiris.
Like all others we spoke to in Kashmir even the Separatists we were talking to also
felt that it was a good step to arrest the Abdullahs and Mehbooba Mufti. However
they added that corruption charges should have been framed against them instead of
simply putting themaway because of Art 370. Arresting them without charges will
make it seem as if Modi is just taking revenge, he said.
On being asked how Kashmiris have reacted to the setting aside of Art 370 and Art
35A, they gave elaborate answers. They felt that all Kashmiris are angry so everyone,
including the police, is deliberately making sure that normalcy is not restored.They
felt betrayed by Pakistan. They have realized that the country is not sincere towards
Kashmiris and so have thousands of other militants. It suits Pak to keep Kashmir in
turmoil. In India it is the 'agencies' that keep the unrest going. Earlier there were more
than 55 thousand militants, now they've been whittled down to about two hundred.
These militants cross over to Pak due to religious conviction but they end up getting
killed, either by the 'agencies' or Pakistan. Zahid condemned Pakistan for not
speaking up for the Uighur Muslims, he rued the fact that China routinely persecutes
its Muslims with their ally Pakistan choosing to look the other way.

15
We asked the group about the kind of confidence building measures they felt will ease
the situation in Kashmir.
They also said that Modi has changed, he's no longer the man who committed
‘mistakes’ as CM of Gujarat. His high office has taught him 'Insaniyat',sohe must talk
to Pakistan.
According to the group Abrogation created anger and fiery TV Debates only fan that
anger. Such debates should be discouraged. Tact and discretion must be exercised
while talking about Kashmir and Kashmiris.
They recommended that the GOI should start social work and political activity at the
ground level but without any fanfare. Kashmiris were compelled to take up arms
because of the 1987 rigged elections. They felt that GOI must not blame Pak for
everything, very often it is the 'agencies' that create problems between the two
nations.
According to the group we interviewed, at the time of encounters, militants mustn't be
killed. They should instead be persuaded to surrender and then given counselling. The
government must identify those terrorists who suffered and rehabilitate them but
without using middlemen, such steps will make the Central Govt. popular amongst
Kashmiris.
The group felt that encouraging Panchayati Raj is a good step which will eliminate the
middlemen.
As we were leaving, they told us that Kashmiris were glued to the TV to watch Home
Minister Amit Shah's speech on Aug 5 and they appreciated it. But, they felt he must
give some assurance to Kashmiris that their land will not be taken away. They need
some special Act like the ones in the North East or Himachal. They remarked that
people to people contact is needed, so more delegations' should visit Kashmir and listen
to the people.
The overall tone and tenor of this meeting fitted in well with the separatist agenda that
has been seen the valley for the past 70 years.
Report on meeting with Police personnel
We met Police personnel at all levels of service. We were told that initially, in the first
week following August 5th, 2019, restrictions were imposed. After a while, these
restrictions were eased. At present there are no restrictions on the movement of any
person and there is nothing like a lockdown.
The only issue now is that mobile phones are not working. However, 10,000 mobiles
are functional, phones of high-ranking officials, health education workers and all key
essential services are on, all landlines are working.
Shops are closed because there is a culture of fear in Kashmir. People are being forced
to close shops. One person who opened his shop was assassinated. Things on the streets
are also better than they were during previous troubled years like 2008, 2010 and 2016.

16
We were told that there is a terror culture in Kashmir. This is planned and executed by
Pakistan. Anyone from the government or civil society who tries to break free of this
culture of fear is brutalized and systematically hounded. Hit lists are put up, threats
conveyed to silence and intimidate. These same persons who have links across the
border have in the past been given prime time in Delhi and protected by the State
Government. Those who are nationalist are ignored, silenced, intimidated or even
eliminated. There are a lot of people who are religious zealots as well. Money has been
pumped in by Pakistan. It is now possible as a Union Territory to demolish this
eco-system but this will take time and will not end overnight.
We were told that there have been multiple kinds of threats. In Shopian, the people were
being forced to stop picking fruit. They resisted and now apples have been picked and
the fruit is being sent outside. Overnight threat posters are pasted, warning locals to
shut shops and schools.
There are challenges being faced by the Police. We were assured that the Police is
doing its work despite tough conditions. It was conveyed to us that in Kashmir we are
dealing with an enemy country that has launched a proxy war in India. This is a long
war and it has to be fought by the entire nation. Jammu & Kashmir Police is the first
line of defense in this war.
Some of the younger police personnel we spoke to, were apprehensive that the removal
of Article 370 is going to lead to a reduction in the jobs available for Kashmiris.T hey
also felt that JK Police is being unnecessarily demonizedby the Indian media and
politicians despite the fact that it is the police that faces the brunt of violence.
Report from Baramulla
At Baramulla we saw the town in a semi-open state. Students were milling around the
Government Degree College in groups. On being asked about the current situation they
were reluctant to talk and worried about the losses that they are facing due to lack of
internet. One student informed us that this was the last day of filling up the NET form.
We had a brief interaction with Dr. Itoo, the DC Baramulla. He informed us that for the
past 15 days they had opened a small internet connectivity hub in the office premises
with 20 consoles active. In the morning hours students were given the priority to use the
facility and in the afternoon business persons could use the systems. We went and
spoke to students at this facility.
We had conversations with locals in Baramulla. Almost all of them felt that there was
no urgency for the government to take any step with reference to Article 370 and 35 A.
Most of them felt that if it had to be done the winters would have been a better time.
Some accused the government of deliberately destroying the economic activity in the
region, others were very angry. Most were worried that their children are suffering due
to the disruption in educational activity.
We spoke to women who were more sedate. They laid out the pros and cons of the
government‟s actions before us. They said that though education was suffering
temporarily, people could expect more employment in the future.

17
We went to the Kashmiri Hindu Transit Camp in Baramulla. The residents of the Camp
were open, welcome and positive. As the conversation veered around August 5 2019,
there was a clear gender divide. Most of the women felt that their children were
suffering due to the disruption of studies in the region. The men looked forward to some
positive action from the government for the return and rehabilitation of their
community. They were emphatic that despite the caged atmosphere of the Transit
Camps the Kashmiri Hindus could only be returned to safe zones in townships and not
otherwise. They envisage the nature of these townships as open to persons from all
communities.

We left the scenic and historic town of Baramulla with a feeling that this was a place
for writing poems and elevating to a higher level of philosophical discourse. The
place is heavenly. The Vitasta flows through the town. Tall trees surround a scenic
quaint town. Baramulla has also witnessed brutality during the Kabali Raids and
disruption for the past 30 years. In Kashmir, life defies logic.

Conclusion

The Fact finding team came away from Kashmir after intense field study of the
situation. In the period before we left, we had observed some issues being intensely
debated outside Kashmir :

a. There was intense petitioning and activity for the release of jailed Kashmiri
leaders by camps in Delhi. The Supreme Court has been petitioned.

b. There has been loud campaigning to establish that Kashmir is under „Lockdown‟
and there is‟ Genocide‟ in Kashmir.

c. There has been a call for restoration of mobile and internet connectivity.

d. There have been reports that 1300 children have been picked up and lodged in
Jails outside Jammu & Kashmir.

We travelled across the length of Kashmir and met people from all social and
political spectrums. We met polar opposites and observed some common points
and we offer our suggestions based on these insights:
1. There is no sympathy for jailed Kashmiri leaders amongst the common people of
Kashmir. Everyone we spoke to wants to see the GOI take them to Court and
convict them for corruption.
2. There is no Genocide in Kashmir. The only Genocide we observed was that of
Kashmiri Hindus in 1990. At present Kashmiris are not under any kind of
Lockdown or Genocide.
3. Mobile connectivity is an issue in Kashmir. Lack of Internet is an issue too.
However there are large sections who credit this step with saving of many lives in
Kashmir at present. However there is also a call for restoration of mobile

18
 connectivity.
4. Women are safe in Kashmir. We saw women on the roads driving cars. We saw
them actively working in the Panchayats. They are not being harassed due to their
religious identity.
5. Sarpanches are looking forward to BDC elections. However they need urgent
security and reassurances from the government.
6. The Minorities of Kashmir seek closer interaction directly with the GOI.
7. The Kashmiri Hindu Genocide in Kashmir must be recognized by the GOI. This
event is Genocide as per the UN Convention on Genocide. Their experiences
cannot be equated with the brutalization of Kashmiri Muslims in the State by non-
State actors. The Kashmiri Hindus were targeted for their religious identity.
8. There is a silent constituency of wisdom amongst Kashmiri Muslims in Kashmir.
They seek closer interaction with the government.
9. Across all persons we spoke to there is desperation because the „stooges of
separatism „in Kashmir who are placed in Delhi are wooed by the GOI in Delhi.
(One person we spoke to asked us bitterly why Mehbooba Mufti‟s daughter is
getting so much importance in Delhi.)
10. There is no evidence of children being picked up by security forces and randomly
arrested. Some cases are there which are being addressed through the due process
of law.
11. Mediapersons are freely travelling and reporting in Kashmir. No one stopped us
during our extensive travel through Kashmir.However media reports need to be
positive.
12. There is brutalization of people by the OSUT and the terrorists still present in
rural areas. They are not allowing people to resume daily lives.
Overall Kashmir is going through intense churning. The Kashmiris across board seek
healing from a corrupt, oppressive, social and political culture that has emerged in
Kashmir for the past 70 years and more intensely in the last 30 years. They want the
GOI to make the UT model work in Kashmir. They look towards the Centre to reach
out to them with real changes. We recommend that the process of healing between the
GOI and the Kashmiris be facilitated. Any group or set of persons nationally or
internationally trying to derail this process should not be allowed to betray the
Kashmiris.

19
 THE FACT FINDING REPORT ON JAMMU
Introduction
The GIA Team landed in Jammu on 7th
October 2019. As we landed in the Jammu
airport we observed that the markets were open
and a regular hustle and bustle, a routine
business was on. The schools and Colleges
were open. In fact, we spent many hours in the
University of Jammu to get opinion of faculty
and students on ground. The hostels in the
University were functioning like any other
working day.
We visited the Jammu, Akhnoor, Sundarbani,
Nowshera, Rajouri belt of the Jammu region
during 7.10.2019 to 9.10.2019 and covered
rural and urban areas both. We met various
stakeholders, including men, women and
youth- state employees, representatives of many communities, traders, working
women, educated unemployed youth including women, state representatives,
academicians, legal experts, college and school students and many random residents
of Jammu and Kashmir.
We particularly met diverse victims of Article 35A and the persons who had filed writ
petitions in courts against the discriminatory provisions of the special law. The first
such victims we met were some people from the Valmiki community who were
invited in Jammu and Kashmir to settle way back in 1957 but were not provided with
full state subject status. As a result, these families and their next generations have
been struggling to get basic rights of citizenship on which many amenities in the State
depended, like professional education, scholarship and to buy a home. They were
even denied the reservation benefit which would have been available to them as an SC
community if they had remained back home in Punjab or had migrated to any other
part of the country.
Our team interacted with women who are victims of the „special‟ provisions accorded to
the State for around seven decades under Article 370 and 35-A. Women of the State had
to struggle through courts to get relief for themselves but their children were denied this
till 5th August, 2019.
Then we interacted with some people from the 1947- West Pakistan Refugees
Community. We interacted with representatives of three generations of this section
whose life has been a saga of living apathy and discrimination of the state. Our
country got independent on 15th August 1947 but for this community the freedom
came on 5th August 2019.
The next we met were the people from Gorkha community who have been with the
Maharaja‟s army and a part of the state of Jammu and Kashmir since around 200

20
years. They have fought all major wars for the State including the latest Kargil war.
However, the State did not consider them their daughters and sons, though they have
been the patriotic citizens of the country.
The Balmiki Samaj-
Jammu and Kashmir had the special provision related to state citizenship, and these
families were given permanent citizenship to work as „Safai Karamcharies‟ (sanitation
workers) only.
Now even highly educated
Balmikis (B.A., M.A.,B.Tech.
and other professional degrees),
were bound to work as sanitation
workers in Municipal Corporation
in absence of Permanent Resident
Certificate (PRC). They shared
their pain that even these sweeper
jobs were contractual and the level
of corruption is so high that the
vacant posts are not advertised till
8-10 years. There is no provision
of promotion and they had to bribe
to get these contractual jobs . The
children of 12-14 years could be
seen leaving back their studies and
starting the job of sweeper on daily
wages by paying bribe money of
around 30-40,000 Rs. Their trauma
would not end there too as after
working for 8-10 years they again
had to pay a huge amount to be
permanent.
It is the height of assault on their
dignity by the state that their caste certificate provided by the State, still has the word
„Churra‟ as their identity.
They mentioned instances of discrimination of caste within caste. The Ravidas colony
considers them downtrodden and they are not willing to sit with them, share food or
drinking water along with them. The Ravidas community people are highly educated
and well settled as they have got the benefit of reservation.
The people of Balmiki community discussed the concern of conversion by
missionaries. They provided them with schools, along with a hospital and a church
to lure them. The convent schools where the elite people send their children, now with
the consent of these missionaries the Balmiki children can also avail the school and
medical facilities without any discrimination. Even today the efforts of conversion are
continuous.

21
Afterwards we met citizens of Rajouri and Poonch were vocal that they are the
sufferers of the issues created by Kashmiris.
Main issues identified in Jammu Region Visit
Normalcy and Celebration in the Jammu Region Post-5th August
The team found everything
normal in the Jammu,
Sunderbani, Akhnoor, Rajouri
belt, from cities to rural areas.
Markets, shops, transportation
services, schools, colleges,
universities, hospitals, mobile
and landline phones have been
working as usual. Internet
services are available on
Wi-Fi, at homes, Internet cafes
and all government
institutions. Only mobile
phone Internet has been
withheld till date and this
restriction too may be eased
out in the coming days.
All the people surveyed and interacted by the team have welcomed the decision to set
aside Article 370 and 35A. Not even a single person expressed contrary views. In fact,
most of the people of Jammu have been upbeat about this move, which they termed as
a decisive and bold step. Some of them expressed that they could not absorb the fact
for a few days that Article 370 and 35A have actually been set aside. It seemed to
them like a dream coming true in their lifetime.
Main Issues in Jammu:
Corruption by Political Leadership and Bureaucracy
Most of the persons interacted with blamed the state governments and bureaucracy for
the deeply entrenched corruption in the state machinery. Many respondents during
their narratives have raised questions on the intent and mindset of bureaucrats. Many
of them talked about pervasive corruption in bureaucracy. Some shared their fears
regarding implementation of schemes at the grass-root levels through the present
bureaucrats who have a Kashmir-centric mindset.
Some of the interviewees warned the Modi Government of the corrupt bureaucrats
working on behalf of their political masters in the state in implementation of welfare
schemes. They even mentioned that the present government may get bad name due to
corrupt and local administrators. They suggested that even MP and Block level funds
should directly come in the accounts of Panchayats for direct utlisation of welfare
scheme funds. They suggested that proper auditing, including social auditing, is a

22
must as a tool of accountability public funding. Otherwise, the peril of leakages of
funds will continue.
Apprehensions post-Abrogation and Expectations from the Central Government
Many people shared their apprehensions regarding loss of lands and jobs as they fear
influx of outsiders. A few students also were enthusiastic about expected increase in
competition and their own possibility of skill development.
However, most of the respondents thanked the Centre government and particularly
Shah and Modi duo for their iron will power in resolving an issue pending for
decades. .
Taking Special Care of Victims of Article 35A: Course Correction and Need for
Putting Balm on the Hurt and need for Development of the Neglected and
Discriminated Areas and Communities
The overall Jammu region has got step-motherly treatment at the hands of
Kashmir-centric politics and policies. The region did not get priority in tourism, sports,
industrial and infrastructure development. Specific areas and the communities from
the region need to be identified and developed.
The bordering areas of Rajouri-Poonch have been neglected the most. The people of
these areas have been the first victims of firing across the border. Development has
yet to reach the Pahadi speaking community. The SC and the ST of the State have not
got their constitutional dues for long. The government needs to prioritise the
development of these areas and communities.
The setting aside of Article 370 and 35A has been a huge step taken by the Centre
Government. Even bigger task begins after 5th August 2019. The Government needs
to identify and prioritise its doable tasks on immediate and long term basis.
The people of bordering areas of Jammu and Kashmir have made sacrifices in multiple
ways during wars and otherwise. People of all communities have co-existed
peacefully in these areas. However, these areas have remained backward as they were
not in the priorities of the Kashmir-centric governments. They require better
education, health and infrastructure facilities for their children. .
Pahadi speaking community of border areas of Rajouri and Poonch, which includes
people of various faiths have a long-standing demand to provide them ST status for a
temporary period, which may be for 10 years. Considering the geo-political
conditions of the area and other relevant factors, the demand may be considered.
Panchayats and Block level machinery needs to be strengthened for effective
implementation of welfare policies. It is essential for trust building at the grass-root
levels. It should be ensured that all the welfare schemes of the centre are implemented
in Jammu and Kashmir on the ground.
Security personnel have played a crucial role in the state and they have faced the
biggest casualities too. Healing touch is required for the families of all those security

23
forces who have sacrificed their lives for the State. The service conditions of security
forces fighting on the borders of the state need to be made better.
Lakes of Rajpuri-Poonch are a big natural asset for the region. They may be
developed to attract tourists. However, it is essential for tourism to have better
connectivity and development of facilities. Employment generation for the youth
should also be a priority.
Conclusion
The team could feel the freedom in the air. People of Jammu region have welcomed
the historic decision of the Indian Parliament on 5th and 6th August 2019 for setting
aside of Article 370, 35-A and all related provisions. Particularly the victims of
Article 35-A are jubilant as they see a normal life for themselves henceforth. They
feel that they have become like any other citizen of the state and the country. For
these sections of the society, independence was achieved on 5th August 2019.
However, it would be the responsibility of the State and Centre Government to
provide a healing touch to the already wronged sections of society. With the One
Nation, One Constitution a reality, it is hoped that the dominance of Kashmir
hegemony in J&K discourse will end and Jammu too will get its due share.

THE FACT FINDING REPORT ON LADAKH

The single most significant feeling in Ladakh was Euphoria. People were ecstatic that
their demand for a Union Territory that was pending since 1947 had been finally
granted. Personal interactions were conducted with people cutting across gender, age
groups, professions, SC/ST and religious backgrounds. Besides spending time in Leh
and Kargil, we visited several villages and also Government offices, Colleges,
schools, homes, market places and spoke to people in the rural as well as urban areas
including men, women, youth and children.
Preserving Cultural Identity: Interaction with the Locals
The interaction took place in Leh city, i.e. an urban area. The sample population here
comprised of people not only from Leh but also from Nubra, Kargil, Chuchat, and
Durbok.
Similarly, student interaction in Eliezer Jolden Memorial College, Leh includes
students from all over Ladakh representing rural-urban areas, Buddhist-Muslim
community, and SC-ST population. The students belonged to various parts of rural
areas in Ladakh like- Ney, Phey, Saboo, Thicksey, Saspol, Tacha (Kargil), Nayoma,
Chushul, Chuchat-Yakma, Chuchot-Shana, Sakti, Igoo, Stok, Shey, Nimoo, etc.
though majority of students were from Leh.
Interaction was also organised in the Phyang village, in Leh. It is located 15 km west
of Leh in the Indus river valley, with a view of mount Stok Kangri. The declaration of
revoking article 370 in the state has been widely welcomed by the local community.

24
Some respondents from Kargil were not sure if the decision should have been taken or
not.
Saga of Kargil
Zenabin, the nominated councillor of Kargil told us that baring a few disturbances; the
entire district of Kargil has been peaceful after removal of article 370.
She was hopeful that now they will get better jobs and funds from the centre that will
directly reach them.
Rukiya Banu, mother of a girl and two boys, one of them studying Engineering at
Rajasthan was happy that now education centres will come to their district.
K Hassan Pasha, a politically active resident of Kargil, said they are very delighted
with setting aside of Article 370. Some people are not aware of the outcomes and
therefore they are a little confused. He said that the educated people of Kargil are very
happy with the removal of Article 370. They feel that now onwards the Kashmir
centric policies will stop and they have finally got independence in the right sense of
the word. The future is bright and now we will get our Haq (right).
Opinion of Police, Law & Judiciary
Interaction with Police gave insight to the peaceful community of Ladakh. We have
been told that there has been no report of violence or any demonstration after the
removal of Article 370 on August 5, 2019.
Most felt that the identity of the people must be preserved. This can be achieved by
giving status of Schedule VI of the Indian constitution as given to North-Eastern
States of India.
Education System: In search of Finances & Infrastructure
Visit to EGM College Leh, made us aware of new realities. As per discussion with
faculty and other staff in college, the removal of Article 370 would be greatly
beneficial for the students as currently a Ladakhi student has to take all the
permissions and migrations from Kashmir University therefore a 3 year program
approximately takes 4.5 years. A medical college has already been sanctioned;
nursing college and an integrated B. Ed. college are on their way. What comes out
most starkly through these interactions is that better access to institutes of higher
learning is a pressing need and the local populace sees the new administrative set up
as facilitative changes that harkens to a brighter future for their kids.
“The professors in EJM College were very hopeful for incoming of higher education
institutes and avenues of employment for youth.
Employment to Environment: Serious Concerns
On a more practical dimension, Mudasser Ahmed , a second year student at EGM
College remarked, “Ab berozgaro ko rozgar milega” (the unemployed will get
employment).

25
Rinchen said that now we will have better health facilities and more employment.
However I am concerned about the environment with more people coming to Ladakh,
which can influence ecology in a negative way.
We also spoke to a local Sarpanch Mr Tensing (of Kalsay Block). He sees the
removal of article 370 as contributing to local development by direct flow of central
assistance to local communities and strengthened hands of local representatives.
Suggestions and Road Ahead
1. Greater focus on preservation and value addition to cultural and linguistic
identity of Ladakh .
2. Bhoti needs to be recognised as a distinct language lending suitable focus on its
development and preservation.
3. Since the entire expectation of changes that will come from the removal of
Article 370 stem from an experience of an administration in Kashmir that was
culturally and attitudinally insensitive, a greater participation of local populace in
the decision making structures will be a must. This will require focus on increased
autonomy of local councils, empowerment of grass root democracy and a
culturally sensitive administration.
4. The area is isolated with less transport infrastructure, greater focus on land
connectivity is a must as large parts of South Ladakh are even now accessible only
on foot. Similarly air connectivity, communication connectivity etc need to be
strengthened.
5. Education infrastructure will need to be strengthened in the local area as it has
been a dominant concern of the local population since long.
6. As a lot of focus is on creating economic opportunities, on local skill formation
in the locally relevant sectors and then creating economic and entrepreneurial
opportunities to absorb these skilled people.
7. For tourism Ladakh‟s main attraction is its culture and natural environment, the
government needs to be open to initiatives aimed at protecting these.
8. Development of local potential in renewable energy, Uranium and Hydro
potential of the region will require adequate safeguards for ecology and
environment, local wildlife and scarce water resources.
9. Given the geographic difficulty as well as strategic importance of the region,
investments in development of infrastructure such as roads, communication
pipelines, air connectivity and power transmission infrastructure will need to be
seen from considerations larger than a purely economic logic.
10. Handling of solid waste, use of water and adoption of appropriate technology
taking advantage of the native wisdom will need to be paid attention to.

11. Ladakh is a constellation of villages so special package should be given for the
development of villages.

26
12. The food processing industry is the need of the hour. This will give boost to rural
economy.

13. Women in rural areas require training programmes to enhance their

entrepreneurial skills.

14. People need networking, with market to sell agricultural product as well as
handicrafts.

15. There is large scope of development of Solar energy production which can fullfill
not only Ladakh‟s requirement but can be sold to neighbouring states.

16. Government must try to open old trade routes to start religious pilgrimages via
Tibet to mount Kailash.
Ladakh is a place where the Ladakhi and Indian identity is bigger than the
religious identity, all groups coexist harmoniously. In this context grant of the
Union Territory status to Ladakh makes perfect sense.

27