Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
A PROJECT REPORT
Submitted by
SASIDHARAN S. (711317105087)
KUMARAN G. (711317105059)
MARIESH M. (711317105067)
of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
in
` ARASUR
COIMBATORE
OCTOBER 2019
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
ABSTRACT
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
1 INTRODUCTION 5
3.1 APPLICATIONS 13
4 CONCLUSION AND
FUTURE ENHANCEMENT
REFERENCE 15
ABSTRACT
Lithium-ion battery power systems have been commonly used for energy storage
in electric vehicles. In existing vehicle the charging time nearly takes around 4
to 6 hours. This project presents the innovative solution for the battery charging
the life cycle of the battery gets increased. This extends the lifetime of battery
increasing the total useable charge in the battery stack, decreasing charge time
balancing. By using this technology, the entire battery backup can be charged
within 15 minutes.
CHAPTER 1
1. INTRODUCTION
A B C D E F
B C
D E (NO)
A C E (+)
B D F (-) (NC)
The primary goal of a BMS is to keep the battery from operating out of its safety
zone. The BMS must protect the cell from any eventuality during
discharging. Batteries are more frequently damaged by inappropriate charging than
by any other cause. Therefore, charging control is an essential feature of the BMS.
Both active and passive cell balancing are effective ways to improve system health
by monitoring and matching the SOC of each cell. Active cell balancing
redistributes charge during the charging and discharging cycle, unlike passive cell
balancing, which simply dissipates charge during the charge cycle. Thus active cell
balancing increases system run-time and can increase the charging efficiency.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Figure 1.2: Battery Management System
CHAPTER 2
2. HARDWARE DESCRIPTION:
2.1 LITHIUM ION BATTERIES:
A lithium ion phosphate (LiFePO4) battery is a type of lithium-ion battery
that is capable of charging and discharging at high speeds compared to other types
of batteries.
TABLE 2.1
S.No
Item Condition/ Notes Specification Remarks
2.1 Nominal Capacity 1 C discharge capacity ≥6 Ah
The BMS may prevent operation outside the battery's safe operating area by:
Nowadays, Li-ion battery cells have been used in many applications such as
pure electric/hybrid vehicles, electronic mobile devices because of high energy
density. However, single battery cell cannot be used in a battery pack because its
voltage and current density are not enough for operation. Therefore, many battery
cells must be assembled and connected in serial/parallel for battery packs.
Consequently, many electrical connectors are required as electrical bridges
between battery cells. For most 32650 Li-ion battery cells, spot technique can be
used to weld a sheet metal connector with a battery cell. In general, the spot
welding technique is widely used more than the laser welding technique because
its infrastructure cost is lower. The welding parameters include electrode tip
geometry, connecting strip material and design, maximum supply voltage, welding
time welding force and distance between two electrodes.
PURE NICKEL: The USS-PNS00006 has a Nickel content of 99.6% giving it a
pure nickel rating. Pure nickel will never corrode and come loose in high drain
application.
SOLDERING AND WELDING: Pure Nickel Strips are mainly used in the
battery welding and soldering field due to their excellent oxidation resistance,
corrosion resistance, low resistance and high conductivity attributes, and pure
nickel can also easily be soldered and welded.
CHAPTER 3
3. MERITS AND DEMERITS:
MERITS:
Active cell balancing redistributes charge during the charging and
discharging cycle, unlike passive cell balancing, which simply dissipates
charge during the charge cycle.
Thus active cell balancing increases system run-time and can increase the
charging efficiency.
Lithium is quick and efficient.
Fast charging minimizes downtime, and lithium's high rate of discharge is
perfect for a burst of power.
Lead-acid batteries must be charged in stages over a longer time, and they
perform inefficiently during high discharge periods, making them less
versatile than their lithium counterparts.
Along with the good safety characteristics of LFP batteries, this makes LFP
a good potential replacement for lead-acid batteries in applications of
electric vehicle
LiFePO4 has higher current or peak-power ratings than LiCoO2
LiFePO4 experiences much slower degradation when stored in a fully
charged state. This makes LFP a good choice for standby use.
One important advantage over other lithium-ion chemistries is thermal and
chemical stability, which improves battery safety.
DEMERITS:
The lithium ion battery include: Protection required: Lithium ion cells and
batteries or not us robust as some other rechargeable technology.
They require protection from being over charged and discharged too far.
In addition to this, they need to have the current maintainted within safe
limits.
3.1 APPLICATIONS:
Many home EV conversions use the large format versions as the car's
traction pack. With the efficient power-to-weight ratios, high safety features
and the chemistry resistance to thermal runaway. Motor homes are often
converted to lithium ion phosphate because of the high draw.
Active cell balancing redistributes charge during the charging and
discharging cycle, unlike passive cell balancing, which simply dissipates
charge during the charge cycle.
Thus active cell balancing increases system run-time and can increase the
charging efficiency.
Single "32650" LiFePO4 cells are now used in some solar-powered lights
instead of1.2 V NiCd/NiMH.
LiFePO4 higher (3.2 V) working voltage lets a single cell drive an LED
without circuitry to step up the voltage. Its increased tolerance to modest
overcharging (compared to other Li cell types).
CHAPTER 4
REFERENCE:
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based lithium-ion battery models.
IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol. 2016, 24, 1594–1609. [CrossRef]
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and simulation of a 12-cell battery power system with fault control for
underwater robot. Proceeding of the 2015 IEEE 7th International
Conference on Cybernetics and Intelligent Systems (CIS) and IEEE
Conference on Robotics, Automation and Mechatronics (RAM), Siem
Reap, Cambodia, 15–17 July 2015; pp. 261–267.
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of batteries with adaptive extended kalman filter by experiment approach.
IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 2013, 62, 108–117.
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and Battery Management System, Presentation at the University of Sannio
Benevento Volume 55, 2010, pp 27-43
• Lu l. et al. A review on the key issues for lithium-ion battery management in
electric vehicles, Sources 226 (2013) 272e288
• Dai H. et al. , A Hardware-in-the-Loop System for Development of
Automotive Battery ManagementSystem . Sources 2009, 12, 15–32
• Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation in Electrical
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• Balakrishnan P. et al. Safety mechanisms in lithium-ion batteries, Journal
of Power Sources 155 401– 414
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BMS;Journal of Power Sources 25–65 May 2010; pp. 121–207.