MUSIC AEROPHONES (wind)

1. SHAKUHACHI
– the most famous flute made from bamboo. It has
 JAPAN
four or five finger holes on the front face and a
thumbhole on the rear face. As with other instruments
 basically, meditative in character.
above, it was imported from China for gagaku.
 its performance is highly ritualized.
 Japanese chamber and solo music have a slow
2. NOKAN
meditative pace.
– a parallel, bamboo flute (fue) is the only melodic
instrument used in noh. The melody of the flute has
 The performance of Japanese music has traditionally been
no specific pitch relationship with the melody of the
of a spiritual character, similarly to martial arts and other
chanting.
forms of art such as tea ceremony and calligraphy.
 It is usually about religious festivals, work, dance, love
3. HICHIRIKI
and regional songs.
– a double reed Japanese flute (fue) used as one of
two main melodic instruments in Japanese gagaku
music, the other being the ryūtek.
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
4. SHO
MEMBRANOPHONES (percussion)
– a Japanese free reed musical instrument that was
introduced from China during the Nara period.
1. ODAIKO (big drum)
-the physical energy and sheer excitement of an
5. SHINOBUE (takebue)
odaiko performance is an integral part of many
– Japanese transverse flute or fue that has a high-
Japanese matsuri (festivals)
pitched sound.
2. TSUZUMI (hourglass-shape)
6. RYŪTEKI (dragon flute)
a. Kotsuzumi (small) – held on the right shoulder and
– Japanese transverse fue made of bamboo. It is
the player alters the tone by squeezing the laces.
used in gagaku.
b. Otsuzumi (big) – placed on the left thigh.
 CHINA
They are both used in both noh and kabuki
performances.
 Chinese culture was dominated by the teachings of the
philosopher Confucius.
3. TSURIDAIKO – a large hanging barrel drum
 the Chinese believed that sound influences the harmony
of the universe.
4. TAIKO – Japanese drum that comes in various sizes
and is used to play a variety of musical genres.
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
CHORDOPHONES (string)
1. YUEQIN
1. KOTO
– moon-shaped lute with shorter neck and four
– a 13-string zither, about two meters long and made
strings, played with a spectrum, used for
of Paulownia wood. It is plucked using picks on the
accompanying local operas.
thumb and first two fingers of the right hand, while the
left hand can be used to modify pitch and tone.
2. PIPA
-used in gagaku or as a solo instrument.
– four-stringed lute with 30 frets and a pear-shaped
body. This instrument has an extremely wide dynamic
2. SHAMISEN
range and remarkable expressive power.
– plucked string instrument. Its construction follows a
model similar to that of a guitar or a banjo, employing
3. ERHU
a neck, and strings stretched across a resonating
– two-stringed fiddle and one of the most popular
body. The neck is fretless, and is slimmer than that of
Chinese instruments. It is used as a solo instrument
a guitar or banjo.
as well as in small ensembles or large orchestra, and
by various ethnic groups.
3. BIWA
4. YUNLUO (cloud gongs/cloud of gongs)
– Japanese short-necked fretted lute, often used in
– set of 10 small tuned gongs mounted in a wooden
narrative storytelling. It is the chosen instrument of
frame. The gongs are generally of equal diameter but
Benten, the goddess of music, eloquence, poetry and
different thickness. The thicker gongs produce a
education in Japanese Shinto.
higher pitch.
 5. SHENG (Chinese mouth organ)
– set of panpipes with 12 to 36 bamboo pipes. Each
pipe is of different length with a brass reed at the
bottom and a hole that must be blocked in order for
the note to sound. This makes it possible to sound
several notes simultaneously, so chords and melody
can be performed at the same time. Sheng is one of
the oldest Chinese musical instruments.
6. DIZI
– the traditional Chinese flute. It can have a
membrane over an extra hole to give the
characteristic rattle effect. The player plays the dizi by
blowing across the mouthpiece and produces the
different notes by stopping the six holes found in the
rod.
constructed with 21 or more numbers of strings. It is
probably the best-known traditional Korean musical
instrument.
2. GEOMUNGO (six-string plucked zither)
– traditional Korean stringed musical instrument of the
zither family of instruments with both bridges and
frets.
– scholars believe that the name refers to goguryeo
and translates to goguryeo zither or that it refers to
the color (black crane zither).
3. HAEGUM (two-string vertical fiddle) – has a rod-like
neck, a hollow wooden soundbox, two silk strings and
is held vertically on the knee of the performer and
played with a bow.

7. ZHENG WIND INSTRUMENT

– ancient Chinese instrument that has an arched
surface and an elongated-trapezoid with 13 to 21
strings stretched over individual bridges. Its playing
range spans three to four octaves.
8. PENGLING
– two small bells made of high-tin bronze, without
internal clappers, and hemispheric or bottomless
gourd-like in shape. The instrument has a delicate,
clarion and melodious tone. It is a coloring rhythmic
instrument, either in ensembles or in theater music,
bringing an effect of peaceful dreams.
 KOREA
1. PIRI
– used in both the folk and classical (court) music of
Korea. It is made of bamboo. Its large reed and
cylindrical bore give it a sound mellower than that of
many other types of oboe.
PERCUSSION INSTRUMENT
1. CHANGGO – most widely used drum in the traditional
music of Korea. It consists of an hourglass-shaped
body with two heads made from animal skin. The two
heads produce sounds of different pitch and timbre,
which when played together are believed to represent
the harmony of man and woman.

 Korean music has a slow tempo, giving it a very peaceful

and pensive character.

CHONG-AK (right/correct music)

– its tradition includes both instrumental and vocal music,
which were cultivated mainly by the upper-class literati of the
Joseon society.
– refers to the ensemble music for men of high school status
outside of the court.

CHONG-AK
a-ak tang-ak hyang-ak

SOG-AK / MINSOGAK – category of Korean music

traditionally associated with the lower classes or for the
general public and are vibrant and energetic.
a) pansori – music presented to audiences by skilled
vocal singers and drummers
b) minyo

MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS

STRING INSTRUMENTS

1. KAYAGUM (gayageum)
– traditional Korean zither-like string instrument, with
12 strings, although more recently variants have been
ARTS  The ideologies of Confucianism, Daoism and
Buddhism played important roles in East Asian art.
 Chinese art expresses the human understanding of
COUNTRY PAINTING SUBJECTS the relationship between nature and humans. This is
flowers and birds evident in the form of painting of landscapes,
landscapes bamboo, birds, flowers. This might be called the
palaces and temples metaphysical, Daoist aspect of Chinese painting.
China
human figures
animals
bamboos and stones SIX PRINCIPLES OF CHINESE PAINTING
Xie He (writer, art historian, critic in the 5th century)
scenes from everyday life
Japan narrative scenes crowded with figures a) Observe rhythm and movements
and details b) Leave spaces for the eyes to rest
landscape paintings c) Use brush in calligraphy
minhwa (traditional folk painting) d) Use colors correctly
four gracious plants (plum blossoms, e) Live up to the tradition by copying the master’s artwork
Korea f) Copy the correct proportion of the objects and nature
wild/orchids, chrysanthemums, bamboo)
bamboo
portraits HISTORY OF KOREAN PAINTING
 108 CE when it first appears as an independent form.
IMPORTANT ASPECTS IN EAST ASIAN PAINTING  until the Joseon Dynasty the primary influence of
Korean paintings were Chinese paintings
 LANDSCAPE PAINTING was regarded as the
highest form of Chinese painting. They also consider  mountains and water are important features in Korean
the three concepts of their arts: Heaven, Earth, landscape painting because it is a site for building
Humankind (Yin-Yang). Chinese society, basically temples and buildings
agricultural, has always laid great stress on
understanding the pattern of nature and living in
accordance with it. Oriental artists often created To the Chinese…
landscapes rather than paintings with the human CALLIGRAPHY – art of beautiful handwriting. Calligraphy is
figure as subjects. done with a brush dipped in black or colored ink; oils are not
used.
 The popular materials which paintings are made of
are paper and silk.
 Poets write their calligraphy on their paintings.

 Earliest known Chinese logographs (ancient writing

symbols) are engraved on the shoulder bones of large
animals and on tortoise shells.

YIN The script found on these objects is commonly called
jiaguwen (shell-and-bone script).
 Cangjie (legendary inventor of Chinese writing) got
YANG his ideas from observing animals’ footprints and birds’
claw marks on the sand as well as other natural
phenomena.


East Asian temples and houses sweeping roofs (roof
guards) because they believe that it will protect them
from the elements of water, wind and fire.
ROOF GUARDS
YIN YANG  STRAIGHT INCLINED – more economical for
Dark/Moon Light/Bright/Sun common Chinese architecture
Recessive/Nurturing Strong/Assertive  MULTI-INCLINED – roofs with two or more sections
Damp/Cool/Water Dry/Hot/Fire inclined. These roofs are used for residences of
Female Male wealthy Chinese.
Negative Charge Positive Charge  SWEEPING – have curves that rise at the corners of
Earth Heaven the roofs (temples and palaces and for wealthy
Autumn and Winter Spring and Summer Chinese).

 Silk was often used as the medium to paint upon, but
it was quite expensive. When the Han court eunuch,
Cai Lun, invented paper in the 1st century AD, it
provided not only a cheap and widespread medium
for writing but painting became more economical.
WOODBLOCK PRINTING – technique for printing text, images
or patterns used widely throughout East Asia. It originated in
China as a method of printing on textiles but eventually
became a method for printing on paper.
  This method was adapted in Japan during the Edo
period (1603 – 1867) and became one of the oldest
and most highly developed visual arts.
UKIYO-E – pictures of the floating world
 It was produced in a diversity of different media,
including painting and became an art domain of the
upper classes and royalty but later was also produced
by the common people.
JINGJU LIANPU (Peking opera face painting)
LIANPU (false mask)
GUAN JU – red (devotion, courage, bravery, uprightness and
loyalty)
HUANG PANG – yellow (fierceness, ambition, cool-
headedness)
ZHU WEN – green (the character is not only impulsive and
violent but also lacks self-restraint)
ZHANG FEI – black (roughness, fierceness, rough and bold
character, impartial and selfless personality)
LIAN PO – purple (uprightness, cool-headedness)
reddish-purple (just and noble)
CAO CAO – white (treachery, suspiciousness, craftiness)
JIANG GAN – the chou (clown) has special makeup patterns
called xiaohualian (the petty painted face).
GOLD AND SILVER (gods and spirits)
KABUKI MAKEUP (kesho) – an interpretation of the actor’s
own role through the medium of the facial features.
a. standard – applied to actors
b. kumadori – applied to villains and heroes
dark red passion or anger
dark blue depression or sadness
pink youth
light green calm
black fear
purple nobility
EXAMPLES OF FACE PAINTING
mukimi-guma / suji-guma
COLORS IN KOREAN MASKS
 BLACK, RED, WHITE – help establish the age and
race
 HALF RED, WHITE – the wearer has two fathers, Mr.
Red and Mr. White
 DARK FACED – character was born of an adulterous
mother
PAPER – first invented by Cai Lun of the Eastern Han Dynasty
in China. It is indeed one of the greatest contributions of
ancient China in the development of arts.
PAPER ARTS OF CHINA
a. P. Cut
b. Chinese Knots
c. P. Folding
d. P. Kites
 The earliest document showing paper folding is a
picture of a small paper boat in an edition of
Tractatus de Sphaera Mundi from 1490 by
Johannes de Sacrobosco.
 Traditional funerals include burning yuanbao (folded
paper that looks like gold nuggets or ingots – sycee)
 This kind of burning is commonly done at their
ancestors’ graves during the Ghost Festival.
SYCEE – type of silver or gold ingot currency used in China
until the 20th century.
 The name is derived from the Cantonese words
meaning “fine silk”.
 Imitation gold sycees are used as a symbol of
prosperity by Chinese and are frequently displayed
during the Chinese New Year.
ORIGAMI (ori – folding; kami – paper) – traditional Japanese
art of paper folding which started in the 17th century AD and
was popularized internationally in the mid-1900s.
 The goal is to transform a flat sheet of paper into a
finished sculpture through folding and sculpting
techniques without cutting as much as possible.
 Origami butterflies were used during the celebration
of Shinto weddings to represent the bride and
groom.
 Paper folding had already become a significant
aspect of Japanese ceremonies by the Heian period
(794 – 1185) in Japanese history.
 Flowers, animals, birds, fish, geometric shapes and
dolls are the common models.
CHINESE PAPER CUTTINGS – usually symmetrical in design
when unfolded and adapt the 12 animals of the Chinese
Zodiac as themes and motifs and mostly choose the red color.
JIANZHI – first type of paper cutting design since paper was
invented by the Chinese.
CHUĀNG HUĀ (window flower)
CHINESE KITES
a. centipede
b. hard-winged kites
c. soft-winged kites
d. flat kites
KNOT TYING
Maedup / Dorae – double connection knot (KOREA)
Hanamusubi – emphasizes on braids and focuses on individual
knots
ZHONGGUO – Chinese decorative handicraft art that began
as a folk art in the Tang and Song dynasty (960 – 1279).
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
BASKETBALL – team sport, wherein the objective is to shoot
a ball through a basket horizontally positioned to score
positioned to score points while following a set of rules.
REGULATION BASKETBALL HOOP
 rim (18 inches in diameter and 10 feet high mounted
on a backboard)
TWO POINTS – a player is touching or closer to the basket
than the three-point line
THREE POINTS (3-pointer / three) – player is behind the
three-point line
 Additional time (overtime) may be issued when the
game ends with a draw.
 The ball can be advanced on the court by bouncing it
while walking or running (dribbling) or throwing
(passing) it to a team mate.
VIOLATIONS (fouls):
a)TRAVELLING – move without dribbling the ball.
b)DOUBLE DRIBBLE – hold the ball with both hands then
resume dribbling.
c) PERSONAL FOUL – a disruptive physical contact is
penalized, and a free throw is usually awarded to an
offensive player if he is fouled while shooting the ball.
d)TECHNICAL FOUL – may be issued when certain
infractions occur, most commonly for unsportsmanlike
conduct on the part of a player or coach.
POSITIONS
1. CENTER
2. POWER FORWARD tall members
3. SMALL FORWARD
4. POINT GUARD
small members
5. SHOOTING GUARD
HISTORY
 Invented in 12/1891 by James Naismith (Canadian
clergyman, educator, physician)
 introduced the game when he was an instructor at the
Young Men’s Christian Association Training
School (now Springfield College) in Springfield,
Massachusetts.
 Dr. Luther H. Gulick organized a vigorous recreation
suitable for indoor winter play.
 The first ball used was a soccer ball.
 Teams had 9 players and the goals were wooden
peach baskets.
 By 1897 – 1898, teams of five became standard.
 US servicemen in WWI (1939 – 1945) popularized
the sport in many other countries.
 US colleges adopted the game between about 1893
and 1895.
 In 1934 the first college games were staged in NYC’S
Madison Square Garden, and college basketball
began to attract heightened interest.
 In the 1950s, basketball had become a major college
sport, thus paving the way for a growth of interest in
professional basketball.
 The first pro league (National Basketball League) was
formed in 1898 to protect players from exploitation
and to promote a less rough game.
FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT
a. COURT DIMENSIONS
NBA and college games – 94 ft long and 50 ft wide
b. BACKBOARD AND RIM
hoop is 10 ft above and 18 in wide
backboard is 6 ft (72 in) wide x 42 in tall
inner square being 24 in wide x 18 in tall
c. FOUL LINE
15 ft in front of the backboard
d. KEY
12 ft wide
backboard extends four feet out over the baseline into
the key
half circle of diameter 6 ft extends from the foul line
away from the basket
e. 3-POINT LINE
NBA courts – 22 ft to the center of the rim on the
sides on the sides with a straight line extending out 16
ft 9 in from the baseline.
Past those points, the line extends out 23 ft 9 in from
the center of the rim
LINE MARKING
2 in wide and can vary in color
f. BALL
75 – 78 cm in circumference; weighs 600-650 grams
must be made of leather in the official FIBA
competitions
g. BASKET
mounted 3.05 m above floor level
h. BACKBOARD
STANDARD WIDTHS: 24” – 42”, 44” – 48”, 60” – 72”
i. SHOES
high-topped shoes
AIR PASS – travels between players without hitting the floor
BACK COURT – defensive zone for each team
DEFENSIVE REBOUND – rebound caught by defenders
DRIVE – attacking move at full speed
FOUL – infraction or violation of the rules of a game
HEALTH
ATTRACTION – admiration for someone that may include the
desire to get to know that person better.
MARRIAGE – lifelong partnership of a man and woman, two
unique individuals who understand, respect, care and love
each other.
LOVE – strong feeling of personal attachment between friends
and family members; the tender and compassionate affection
shared between two people.
INFATUATION – state of being completely carried away by
unreasoning passion or love.
PREGNANCY – woman carries a developing fetus in her
uterus.
FERTILIZATION – reproductive cells of man and woman join
together to make a new human cell
BREASTFEEDING – feeding the child from the breast of the
mother
COURTSHIP – establishment of an agreed relationship of a
more enduring kind.
EMBRYO – developing human from the time the ovum and the
sperm unite until the 8th week.