Karyotypic Analysis of the Hudson River Striped Bass, Morone saxatilis

Author(s): Joseph W. Rachlin, Andrew P. Beck and Joseph M. O'Connor

Source: Copeia, Vol. 1978, No. 2 (May 5, 1978), pp. 343-345
Published by: American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists (ASIH)
Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/1443579
Accessed: 28-10-2019 22:06 UTC

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 ICHTHYOLOGICAL NOTES 343

tance
tanceinin thethe
laboratory.
laboratory.This research
This research
was sup-
liminary
liminary
wasstudy
study
sup-reported
reportedthat
that
thethe
YorkYork
RiverRiver
ported
ported byby thethe
State State
of Maryland,
of Maryland,
Department
Department
of striped
(Va.)
(Va.) ofkaryotype
stripedbass
bass karyotypeconsisted
consisted
of 48
ofchro-
48 chro-
Natural
Natural Resources,
Resources, Power Power
Plant Siting mosomes.
mosomes.
PlantProgram.
Siting InInthe
Program. themajority
majorityof of
thethe
mitotic
mitotic
figures
figures
prepared,
prepared,46 46were
were acrocentric
acrocentric
chromosomes
chromosomes and and
LITERATURE CITED two
two were
weremetacentric.
metacentric. However,
However, his his
morpho-
morpho-
logic
logic description
descriptionofof the
the
metacentric
metacentric chromo-
chromo-
somes was unclear, and no measurements of
GORDON, A. H. 1973. Electrophoresis of proteins
in polyacrylamide and starch gels. American chromosome size was reported.
Elsevier Publ. Co., New York. The present study was initiated to establish
MANSUETI, R. J. 1958. The development of anal the karyotype of striped bass native to the
spines and soft-rays in young striped bass, RoccusHudson River estuary, and set the foundation
saxatilis. Ches. Biol. Lab. Cont. No. 113.
1964. Eggs, larvae and young of the white for future comparative and populational studies
perch, Roccus americanus, with comments on of its
striped bass and other members of the genus
ecology in the estuary. Ches. Sci. 5:3-45. Morone. Hudson River striped bass larvae,
MORGAN, R. P. II. 1975. Distinguishing larval juveniles and young-of-the-year were used for
white perch and striped bass by electrophoresis.
Ches. Sci. 16:68-10. karyotype analysis. The larvae and some juve-
POULIK, M. D. 1957. Starch gel electrophoresis niles,inartificially spawned from Hudson River
a discontinuous system of buffer. Nature 180:
parental stock, were acquired from the Con-
1477-1479.
solidated Edison hatchery in Verplanck, New
SHAW, C. R. AND R. PRASAD. 1970. Starch gel
York. Some additional juveniles were col-
electrophoresis-A compilation of recipes. Bio-
chem. Gen. 4:292-320. lected by beach seine in the vicinity of Indian
Point at Buchanan, New York. Young-of-the-
BRUCE D. SIDELL and ROBERT G. OTTO, The year Hudson River striped bass were obtained
Chesapeake Bay Institute, and DENNIS A.from the Monck's Corner, South Carolina
POWERS, Department of Biology, The Johnshatchery where they had been reared from the
Hopkins University, Baltimore, Marylandyolk-sac stage.
21218. Present address (BDS): Department Techniques for obtaining metaphase spreads
of Zoology and Migratory Fish Institute, Uni-from whole yolk-sac and post yolk-sac larvae
versity of Maine at Orono, Murray Hall,(< 20 mm) were similar to those used for
Orono, Maine 04473. Accepted 15 Aug. 1977. isolated tissues, except that the entire organism
was treated as a single tissue. Tissue prepara-
tions from juveniles and young-of-the-year bass
were made from scale epithelium following the
methods outlined by Arcement and Rachlin
(1976). All data reported in this study came
from fish pretreated with a 0.075% colchicine
Copeia, 1978(2), pp. 343-345
? Copyright, 1978, by the American Society of solution for 6 h. Following this, selected tis-
Ichthyologists and Herpetologists sues were placed in an hypotonic pretreatment
solution (Ohnuki, 1968) for one hour and were
KARYOTYPIC ANALYSIS OF THE HUD- then fixed in a 3:1, methanol to glacial acetic
SON RIVER STRIPED BASS, MORONE acid mixture (Arcement and Rachlin, 1976).
SAXA TILIS.-Chromosome number, morphol-The tissue was then dabbed onto clean glass
microscope
ogy and complete karyotypic analysis have been slides, air dried and then stained
used extensively in population studies of withfishes
a buffered Giemsa stain (Patil et al., 1971)
(Denton, 1973; Fisher and Rachlin, 1972; after which they were cleared in xylene for a
Arcement and Rachlin, 1976; Kerby, 1972; Chen
minimum of five min before wet mounting with
and Ruddle, 1970). Karyotypic analysis may permount.
be The slides were then dried for 24 h
used to discern genetic divergence of isolated
prior to microscopic examination.
populations (Arcement and Rachlin, 1976) and,Preparations were scanned for metaphase
perhaps, to identify different genetic stocksfigures
in and appropriate spreads were photo-
mixed populations. graphed with a Zeiss Photomicroscope II using
Distinct subpopulations of striped bass
Kodak Panatomic X film. The analysis of
Morone saxatilis (Walbaum), have been deter-
chromosome size and morphology was standard-
mined by tagging studies (Raney et al., 1952;
ized according to the system of Levan et al.
(1964). The somatic number of chromosomes
Merriman, 1941) and electrophoretic techniques
(Morgan et al., 1973). Kerby (1972), in a pre-
(2n = 48) was based upon the analysis of 80

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344 COPEIA, 1978, NO. 2

TABLE 1. COMPARISON OF CHROMOSOMAL CHARACTERISTICS OF Two MITOTIC SPREADS FROM HUDSON

STRIPED BASS.

Characteristics Spread I Spread II

Modal Number 48 48

Size Range (/)

Acrocentric 1.13-2.02 1.16-1.85
Subtelocentric 1.47-1.98 1.77-2.00
Submetacentric 1.25-1.27 1.06-1.28

Mean Chromosome Size (,) ? SD

Acrocentric 1.53 ? 0.23 1.51 ? 0.19
Subtelocentric 1.70 ? 0.22 1.89 ? 0.10
Submetacentric 1.26 ?0.01 1.17 ? 0.16

Chromosome Type
Acrocentric 38 40
Subtelocentric 8 6
Submetacentric 2 2

mitotic (1969) Chrom

figures. and D
sistently of fishes have 48 chromosomes and that
number this
48,
the may represent theof
findings ancestral diploid
Kerb complement.
(Va.) stripedRepresentative mitotic
bass. spreads were analyzed
Ro

Spread I

1-16 ^ A A a e n ^ o -.~ 1 R 0 e , .

17-32 A f n ni f o a l* I rt fl .

33-48 --_ 0 n 0t n e A fr 9 A ?k A X^ m r Q

; - _
L. I
101

Spread ]I

1-16 tt fn i " -, eon Aet -,C -- , - . r a 0 (.

?*>" ** a
Sei , A- 17-32 MOn o n --.- Qf o^ - ,l'"n-
A " N' " -j - - -
. ^A -
-.

33-48 .--, A i^ * ^ ^ e' r% At i n nt

4,I r'.
I J
lop

Fig. 1. Two karyotypes and original spreads from Hudson River striped bass.

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 ICHTHYOLOGICAL NOTES 345

for
for arm
arm length
lengthand
andtotal
total
length
length
to toPATIL,
PATIL,
determineS.S.
determineR.,R.,
S. MERRICK
S. MERRICK
AND AND
H. A. LUBS.
H. A.1971.
LUBS. 1971.
Identification of each human chromosome with a
individual
individualchromosome
chromosomesize
size
and
and
morphology.
morphology.
modified Giemsa stain. Science 173:821-822.
Based
Based on
on our
ouranalysis
analysisthe
thedominant
dominant
karyotype
karyotype
RANEY, E. C., E. F. TRESSELT, E. H. HOLLIS, V. D.
consisted of 38 acrocentric, 8 subtelocentric and VLADYKOV AND D. H. WALLACE. 1952. The
2 submetacentric chromosomes (Spread I, Fig. 1). striped bass. Bull. Bingham. Oceanogr. Coll.
1-177.
A second karyotype consisting of 40 acrocentric,
ROBERTS, R. L. 1967. Chromosome cytology of
6 subtelocentric and 2 submetacentric chromo-
Osteichthyes. Prog. Fish Cult. 29:75-82.
somes (Spread II, Fig. 1) was occasionally found.
The measurements of these chromosomes are JOSEPH W. RACHLIN, ANDREW P. BECK AN
presented in Table 1. JOSEPH M. O'CONNOR, C.U.N.Y. Institute
Marine and Atmospheric Sciences at City
Acknowledgments.-We wish to thankCollege,
Gary 138 Street and Convent Avenue,
Jinks for assisting in this study, and JackNew
Bayless
York, New York 10031 and New York
for supplying striped bass. The study was per-
University Medical Center, Institute of En-
formed at New York University Medical Center,
vironmental Medicine, 550 First Avenue,
Institute of Environmental Medicine andNew
sup- York, New York 10003. Accepted 19
ported by research grants from Consolidated
July 1977.
Edison Company and National Institute of
Environmental Health Science, Center Grant
ES00260. Contribution No. 95 of the CUNY
Institute of Marine Atmospheric Sciences.

LITERATURE CITED

Copeia, 1978(2), pp. 345-349

ARCEMENT, R. J., AND J. W. RACHLIN. 1976. A? Copyright, 1978, by the American Society of
study of the karyotype of a population of banded Ichthyologists and Herpetologists
killifish (Fundulus diaphanus) from the Hudson
River. J. Fish. Biol. 8:119-126. TISSUE REGENERATION IN THREE CAR-
CHEN, R. R., AND F. H. RUDDLE. 1970. A chromo-
some study of four species and a hybrid of the CHARHINID SHARKS ENCIRCLED BY
EMBEDDED STRAPS.-Selachians have been
killifish genus Fundulus (Cyprinodontidae). Chro-
mosoma 29:255-267.
DENTON, T. E. 1973. Fish chromosome method-
recorded previously with foreign obje
ology. C. C Thomas, Springfield, Ill. their tissues and with encircling band
FISHER, P. B., AND J. W. RACHLIN. 1972. Karyotypicrings (Gudger, 1937, 1938; Gudger and Hof
analysis of two sympatric species of fish, Fundulus
1931). Severe injuries and subsequent heal
heteroclitus L. and F. majalis. J. Fish. Biol. 4:in some cases, have shown that fishes can
67-71.
erate tissue and survive damage to essentia
KERBY, J. 1972. Feasibility of artificial propagation
and introduction of hybrids of the Morone com-structures. The accidental experiment in
plex into estuarine environments with a meristicregeneration reported in this paper docu
and morphometric description of the hybrids.the remarkable ability of free-living sha
Unpubl. Ph.D. Thesis. Univ. of Virginia, Blacks-
burg. compensate for continuing, grave injurie
LEVAN, A., K. FREDGA AND A. A. SANDBERG. 1964. as gill destruction and body wall penetrat
Nomenclature for centromeric position on chromo- extensive healing and morphological mod
somes. Hereditas 52:201-220. tion.
MERRIMAN, D. 1941. Studies on the stripedThe bassnearly coincident capture of three
(Roccus saxatilis) of the Atlantic coast. Fishery
Bull. No. 35, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, sharks (of species common seasonally in F
77 pp., Vol. 50, 1950. west coast waters) in a similarly ensnared
MORGAN, R. P., T. S. Y. Koo AND G. E. KRANTZ. tion was distinctly unusual. Although ov
1973. Electrophoretic determination of popula- thousand sharks have been examined durin
tions of the striped bass, Morone saxatilis, in the
Upper Chesapeake Bay. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc.
past twenty years at Mote Marine Labora
102:21-32. (MML, formerly Cape Haze Marine Laborat
OHNO, S., J. MURAMOTO, J. KLEIN AND N. ATKIN. none encircled by straps were observed.
1969. Diploid-tetraploid relationships in clupeoid
September 1975, a male bull shark (Carcha
and salmonid fish of the Pacific, p. 137. In:
Chromosomes Today, Vol. 2. C. Darlington and leucas, 244 cm total length (TL), 145 cm g
K. Lewis (eds.). Oliver and Boyd, London. (G) and 27.9 cm clasper length) and a f
OHNUKI, U. 1968. Structure of ceromosomes. 1. tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvieri, 324 cm t
Morphological studies of the spiral structure of
human somatic chromosomes. Chromosoma 25: length and 132 cm G) were taken on a 12
402-428. bottom set line at a depth of 8 m by a

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