GCSE Transformations of Shapes Name: ……………………………………

Translations
3
Translations are usually given in vector form: ( ) means 3 units to the right and 1 unit down.
−1
−2
So what does ( ) mean?
5
What is the vector translating A to B? B to A?

What is the effect of a translation?

Now translate shape C with vector

2
( ). Label the image C’.
3

−4
Translate shape P with vector ( ),
2
3
and shape Q with vector ( ). C
−5

6
P
4
What vector would translate each shape back to its original
position?
2
P: Q:
-6 -2 0
Q 2 4 6
x
-4

-2 Can you see how the coordinates of the vertices (corners) change?
−3
-4 If you were to translate the point (2, 3) with vector ( ), where
5
would it move to?
-6
Reflections
1. Reflect shape S in the line y = 0. 2. Reflect shape T in the line x = 2.

y y

6 6

T
4 S 4

2 2

x x
-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6

-2 -2

-4 -4

-6 -6

3. Now reflect shape T in the line y = x. Spare grids in case you need them:

y y

6 6

T
4 4

2 2

x x
-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6

-2 -2

-4 -4

-6 -6

y
What is the image of:

(a) the point (2, 3) reflected in the line x = 0? 6

(b) the point (2, 3) reflected in the line y = 0? 2

x
-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6

(c) the point (2, 3) reflected in the line y = x? -2

-4

-6
Rotation
1. Rotate shape A (a) clockwise through 90° about the origin; (b) clockwise through 180° about the origin.

2. Rotate shape D anticlockwise through 90° about the point (2,-1).

y y

6 6

4 D4
A
2 2

x x
-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6

-2 -2

-4 -4

-6 -6

Can you think of another way to describe the transformation of shape D?

What transformation would return the shape to its original position?

3. Rotate shape F clockwise through 90° about the point (-1,2).

y
Spare grid in case you need it:
6
y
4
F 6
2
4
x
-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6
2
-2
x
-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6
-4
-2
-6
-4

-6
Enlargement
If the scale factor is more than 1, what happens to the shape?

What if it’s less than 1?

1. Enlarge shape P about the origin with scale factor 2.

2. Enlarge shape Q about the point (-4, -5) with scale factor ⅓.

y y

6 6

4 4

2 P 2

Q
x x
-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6

-2 -2

-4 -4

-6 -6

3. Enlarge shape R about the point (-2, 1) with scale factor 3.

y y

6 6

4 R’’
4

2 2

R R x
x -2 6
-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 -6 -4 0 2 4

-2 -2

-4 -4

-6 -6

4. R’’ is also an enlargement of shape R. Can you work out the scale factor and find the centre of enlargement?

Scale factor =

Centre of enlargement is ( , )
Enlargement with negative scale factor (Higher only)
Enlarge shape S about the point (3, 1) with scale factor -2.
y

4
S
2

x
-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6

-2

-4

-6

Invariant points (Higher only)

1. When will a translation result in invariant points?

2. Reflect shapes V and W in the line y = 3 and identify the invariant points.
y Invariant points for V:

6
V
W 4
Invariant points for W:
2

x
-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6

-2

-4

-6

3. What can you say about invariant points when you are dealing with a rotation?

4. What about an enlargement?

Combined transformations (Higher only)
1. Draw and shape and put it through two transformations, for example a rotation and then an enlargement. Work
out the result and swap tasks with a classmate so that you do each other’s. Compare answers and see if you agree.

My workings Challenge set by classmate

y y

6 6

4 4

2 2

x x
-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6

-2 -2

-4 -4

-6 -6

Transformations used:

2. Combine another two transformations. Draw the original shape and its image, and challenge a classmate to
identify the transformations you’ve used. (There may be more than one correct answer!)

y y

6 6

4 4

2 2

x x
-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6

-2 -2

-4 -4

-6 -6