Introduction to RC Detailing

Webinar from The Concrete Centre

9th May 2016
12.30 Start

Paul Gregory
Structural Engineer
MSc MBA CEng MICE MIStructE Third edition
pgregory@concretecentre.com EC2 (June 2006)

Introduction to R C Detailing

R C stands for Reinforced Concrete.

This presentation will only consider concrete reinforced

with steel bars to BS 4449.

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Introduction to R C Detailing

Steel reinforcement is needed to resist any tension in

concrete elements.

In slabs and beams tension is mainly caused by bending

and shearing forces.

Introduction to R C Detailing
Column elements are typically subjected
to axial compression as well as bending.

If required steel reinforcement can be

provided to increase an elements
resistance to compression forces.
Column splice
Lapped bars

Provide link at
upper offset

Slope of cranked bar

traditionally was 1 in 10
EC2 may require 1 in 12,
Cl 9.5.3(6)

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Introduction to R C Detailing
A designer analyses a structure to determine the forces
on each element and then calculates the area and
location of the steel reinforcement to resist these
Top steel
applied forces.
Top steel
Top steel

Beam bending
moment diagram

Bottom steel
Bottom steel

R C Detailing is the process by which the intentions of

the designer are conveyed to the steel reinforcement
fixer on a construction site.

Introduction to R C Detailing
The steel fixer is out in the open in all weathers trying
to translate an RC detail drawing into the actual physical
article.

The RC detail drawing should be easy to read and in as

simple a form as possible.

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Introduction to R C Detailing

Introduction to R C Detailing
RC Detailing requires the
production of:

a) an RC Detail drawing in
accordance with the Standard
Method of Detailing Structural
Concrete

b) a bar bending schedule in

accordance with BS 8666.

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Introduction to R C Detailing
BS 8666 contains standard bar shapes and a standard
form for listing all the bars on a drawing

www.ukcares.com

RC Drawing – Building example

Frame options

Flat Slab

Voided slabs

Beams

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RC Drawing – Building example
St. James’s Hospital, Leeds - Flat slab 350mm thick
8.1m x 8.1m grid

RC Drawing – Building example

Structural elements
• Foundations - Pad bases, Pile caps
• Columns
• Beams
• Slabs
• Walls

Structural drawings – General Arrangement drawings:

• Explain the shape and position of all the parts of the structure
• They provide the detailer with the layout information required to
specify the steel reinforcement.

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 General arrangement drawings

RC Drawing – Building example

Column
starter
bars

Screed
rail

Cover
spacer
Shear studs

Flat slab - reinforcement

Shape 47 Link – shape 22

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RC Drawing – Building example

Column reinforcement
cage

Cover
spacers

Column reinforcement Link – shape 51

RC Drawing – Building example

Column

Formwork –
the mould

Column formwork

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RC Drawing – Building example
RC Drawing – Flat slab

RC Drawing – Building example

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Contents
• Introduction
• RC Detailing
• RC Drawing – Detailing a group of bars
• Schedules and scheduling
• Bar detailing – Guidance tips
• Typical RC details of elements
• Resources

RC Detailing

• Steel reinforcement – Why is it needed?

• Which part of a member is in tension?
• Designer information to detailer
• RC detailing – RC Drawing + Bar Schedule

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Steel reinforcement –
Why is it needed?

Concrete Compression
Resistance - Good

Tensile strength – zero

Steel reinforcement needed

Steel reinforcement –
Why is it needed?
Analysis shows which part of a member is in tension

Reinforcement is designed to
carry these tensile forces

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Material - Concrete

Detail Min
75 mm gap

PUMP SKIP

Material - Concrete
Properties
• Strength in Compression – very good
‘Compressive strength class’ defines 28 day compressive strength

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Compressive strength class

C32/40

Minimum characteristic cube strength

40 MPa

Minimum characteristic 150mm diameter by 300mm

cylinder strength

Letter for type of concrete

(C – normal & heavyweight; LC – lightweight)

Material - Concrete
Properties
• Strength in Compression – very good
‘Compressive strength class’ defines 28 day compressive strength

e.g. C32/40

• Strength in Tension – for design = zero

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 Material – Steel reinforcement
Properties
• Characteristic yield strength, fyk = 500MPa (UK BS 4449:2005)
tensile and compressive strength

• BS 4449:2005 has three ductility grades A, B & C

• Notation of steel reinforcement, BS 8666:2005

e.g. H16

Letter defines steel type Nominal bar diameter

www.ukcares.com
www.uk-bar.org

Notation of steel reinforcement

BS 8666:2005
≤ 12mm,
H A
16 to 50mm
Ductility B
C 16 to 50mm

S Stainless steel

X Defined by specifier

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Reinforcement

What is RC Detailing?

• Steel reinforcement – Why is it needed?

• Which part of a member is in tension?
• Designer information to detailer
• RC detailing

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 Which part of a member is in
tension?
Beams and slabs
Flexure
The vertical loads on a beam or slab
cause it to bend.
The Bending Moment diagram shows which part of a member is
in tension due to flexure, Top or Bottom.

Shear

Shear forces may require vertical steel in slabs.

Beams require shear links

Bending moment diagram

Top bars in tension

Envelope of (M Ed /z +N Ed )
lbd
Acting tensile force lbd

Resisting tensile force lbd

al al
∆Ftd

al
lbd
∆Ftd
lbd lbd
“Shift rule”
lbd lbd

Bottom bars in tension

Bending moment diagram – continuous member

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Shear force diagram
Shear
• Shear forces may require vertical steel in slabs.
• Beams require shear links

Link – shape 22

Shear Link – shape 51

Shear force diagram

Shear
• Shear forces may require vertical steel in slabs.
• Beams require shear links

Shear link – shape 51

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What is RC Detailing?

• Steel reinforcement – Why is it needed?

• Which part of a member is in tension?
• Designer information to detailer
• RC detailing

Designer information to detailer

Steel areas at critical locations

• From calculation sheets
• Marked up General Arrangement drawings
• Proforma sheet
• Designer provides sketch of detail

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Designer information to detailer

Steel areas at critical locations - From calculation sheets

Designer information to detailer

Steel areas at critical locations - From calculation sheets

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Designer information to detailer

Steel areas at critical locations – Marked up GA

Designer information to detailer

Steel areas at critical locations – Proforma sheets

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Designer information to detailer

Concrete grade – compression strength class eg C28/35

Nominal Cover to bars

Nominal cover, cnom

(RC Drawing)
Minimum cover, cmin
(Durability & Bond)

Allowance for deviation, ∆cdev

Axis distance, a
Fire protection

What is RC Detailing?

• Steel reinforcement – Why is it needed?

• Which part of a member is in tension?
• Designer information to detailer
• RC detailing

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 RC Detailing
Communication - Designer to construction site

Design Construction
Find location & Fix steel
extent of tension reinforcement.
in members. RC Detailing
RC Drawings + Bar Schedule Place concrete
Determine area in members.
of steel to resist Call up bars. List every bar
tension. Bar marks. mark.
Bar location. BS 8666: 2005

Bar Schedule Steel supplier

Cutting & bending dimensions

Contents
• Introduction
• RC Detailing
• RC Drawing – Detailing a group of bars
• Schedules and scheduling
• Bar detailing – Best practice
• Typical RC details of elements
• Resources

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RC Drawing
Detailing a group of bars

Bar

Call-up Bend

8 H16 13 200 B2

Range Position

Floor Plan

RC Drawing
Detailing a group of bars

No. off Diameter Pitch Location

8 H16 13 200 B2

Not used for

Beams & Columns
Reinforcement type Bar mark
H and A, B & C
S
X

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RC Drawing
Detailing a group of bars

RC Drawing
Detailing a group of bars

01 02 01 02

03 03

Indicates a bar end

Elevation or Section

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RC Drawing
Detailing a group of bars

Contents
• Introduction
• What is RC Detailing?
• RC Drawing – Detailing a group of bars
• Schedules and scheduling
• Bar detailing – Best practice
• Typical RC details of elements
• Resources

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 Schedules and scheduling
BS 8666: 2005

BS8666 – Table 3 Standard Shapes

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BS8666 – Table 3 Standard Shapes

BS8666 – Table 3 Standard Shapes

25mm

35 shape codes in total,

Including;

Shape code 99 – user defined

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BS8666 – Table 2
Minimum bending radii, former diameters
and bend allowances

5d min
r P
4d min straight x

d r P Not less than 10d up to 16mm

Not less than 13d > 16mm
2d
BS8666 – Figure 6

3.5 d

BS8666 – Form of bar schedule

25 mm 5 mm

Drawing BS8666 – Bar Information

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BS8666 – Form of bar label

Example
5 H16 34 225 U-BARS

1000
275

600
Total Length of bar
550
(600+275+1000) - (4 x 16) = 1811

2nd Floor Slab 34 H16 1 5 5 1825 21 600 275 (1000)

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Fabrication

Table Bending Machine Automatic machine

St. James’s Hospital, Leeds

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Contents
• Introduction
• RC Detailing
• RC Drawing – Detailing a group of bars
• Schedules and scheduling
• Bar detailing – Guidance tips
• Typical RC details of elements
• Resources

Bar Detailing – Guidance tips

• Tolerances
• Bar lengths
• Pre-fabrication
• Junctions
• Fixing bars in position
• Corner details
• Lapping bars

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Tolerances
BS 8666 Scheduling
tolerances
But there are also
construction
tolerances, BS EN
13670
How to combine
two tolerances?

e.g. 300 wide beam

What is the link size?

Schedules and scheduling

Tolerance between two concrete faces
Use the SMD method:

Bending dim = Nominal member size – 2 x nominal cover – allowance

Allowance in SMD Table 5.5 ie links & bent bars 10mm for dim < 1m

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 Bar Lengths

Standard length is 12m - bar dia. 12mm and above.

For 8mm & 10mm dia. - Stock size is 8m, 9m & 10m
Transport – 18m max.
Health & safety
(12m H40 = 18 stone/ 118Kg)
9m maximum length H16 & H12
6m maximum length H10 & H8

Pre-Fabrication

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Junctions

3-D modeling / BIM ?

Junctions

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 Fixing bars in position - Beams
Shape
51

Shape
21

Shape
41 Shape
47

Corner Details - Walls

Closing corners

3 “L” bars

2 “U” bars

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 Corner Details - Walls
Opening corners

Intersecting
‘hairpins’

A splay corner reinforced with diagonal bars

would be structurally more efficient.

Lapping bars

Lap

Lap Lap

Always lap reinforcement away

from areas of high bending

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Contents
• Introduction
• RC Detailing
• RC Drawing – Detailing a group of bars
• Schedules and scheduling
• Bar detailing – Guidance tips
• Typical RC details of elements
• Resources

Typical details

• Foundations
• Slabs
• Beams
• Columns

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Standard Method of Detailing
Structural Concrete

EC2 (2006)
Third edition

Standard Method of Detailing

Structural Concrete – IStructE

Model Details -
Codified requirements
Pragmatic detailing arrangements

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Slabs

Plan 1:50, Sections 1:20

Main steel bottom span &
top support + Shear? (designer)

Top & bottom separate drawings?

Flat slab example

Page 63

Slabs – Model details

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 Slabs – Model details

Beams

Elevations 1:50
Sections 1:20

Designer:
Main steel bottom in
spans & top steel at
supports.
Shear links at
supports.

Detailer:
All other bars can
be determined by
detailer

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 Beams – Model details

Columns

Elevation = 1:50
Sections 1:20

Main steel only

(designer)

Detailer can determine

links size & pitch

Detail full height or lift

by lift?

Shape 26

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Columns

75mm Kicker

Contents
• Introduction
• RC Detailing
• RC Drawing – Detailing a group of bars
• Schedules and scheduling
• Bar detailing – Guidance tips
• Typical RC details of elements
• Resources

www.concretecentre.com

42
Standard Method of Detailing
Structural Concrete

EC2 (2006)
Third edition

Health & Safety

43
Concrete Society

The Concrete Centre

Chapter 10 in
How to Compendium – Jan 2011

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 Specification – NSCS, v4

1 Scope
2 Bibliography
3 Definitions
4 Execution Management
5 Falsework and Formwork
6 Reinforcement
7 Prestressed Concrete
8 In-situ Concrete - Finishes
9 Precast Concrete
10 Geometric Tolerances

Have a go

A simple element or make a

revision to an existing drawing

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 End
Thank you for your attention

Questions

www.concretecentre.com
pgregory@concretecentre.com

St. James’s Hospital, Leeds

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