Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
from 3rd – 12th June 2010 in National Institute of Nursing Education, PGIMER, Chandigarh funded by
GOI, DGHS (Nursing Section), New Delhi for Development of Nursing Training of Nurses working in
different hospital and educational Institutes in North India. The Topic are as under:-
6. Prevention and management of disaster due to climatic conditions: earth quake, floods, drought
7. Prevention and management of disaster due to blast or accidents and bio disaster
10. Coordinating all the systems during the disaster for assessing disaster impact, search, rescue,
first aid, field care, triage and termination of dead.
12. Rumor management and providing right information through alternate means of communication
13. Managing effects of disaster through surveillance, disease control and nutrition
Can initiate or update disaster plans at workplace and community and ensure education, drill
participation
Assessing and reporting of environmental hazards, unsafe equipment, faulty structures, disease
outbreaks, e.g., measles, flu
Four steps:
Review the disaster plans at workplace, and other places where families spend time together
Discuss types of disasters that are likely to happen and review what to do
Plans
CPR certification
Conduct drills
Replace stored water every 3 months and stored food every 6 months.
Personal Preparedness:
Nurses who are disaster victims themselves and provide care to others will experience considerable
stress.
Personal Preparedness:
Entails plan for keeping oneself ready for disaster, both mentally and physically
Individuals not personally prepared will have less to give to family, community, job, and other
disaster victims
Professional Preparedness:
Requires nurses and other personnel to be aware of and understand the disaster plans at their
workplace and community- participate in mock drills
Adequately prepared nurses will function in leadership capacity and assist towards smoother
recovery phase
American Red Cross provides training for health professionals to adapt existing skills to disaster
setting
Community Preparedness:
Level of preparedness only as high as people/ organizations in the community make it.
Well-prepared communities have written disaster plans, conduct drills, have adequate warning
system, and backup evacuation plan
Understanding past disasters can influence planning for future, liabilities in resources
Response
Levels are not determined by the number of casualties but by the amount of resources needed.
Level III- a minor disaster, involves a minimal level of damage but could result in the president
declaring an emergency. A minimal request for federal help
Level II- moderate disaster- likely to result in major disaster being declared. Regional federal
resources engaged, other outside area may be called on
Level I- massive disaster, severe damage or multistate scope. Full engagement of federal regional
and national resources
Citizens and health professionals must be attached to official agencies with disaster management
responsibilities to avoid further risk
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
– Assess disaster victims and triage for care
Tertiary Prevention
– Participate in home visits to uncover dangers that may cause additional injury to victim or cause
other problems (e.g. house fires from faulty wiring).
Refugees
Single-parent families
Substance abusers
The five components to a comprehensive public health response to outbreaks of illness are the
following:
-Informing the medical and public communities about treatments, health consequences, and
preventative measures
Triage: the process of separating casualties and allocating treatment on the basis of the victims’
potentials for survival.
Highest priority:
It is always given to victims who have life threatening injuries but who have a high probability of
survival once stabilized.
Clients with trauma, chest pain, severe respiratory distress or cardiac arrest, limb amputation, acute
neurological deficits, and those who sustained chemical splashes to the eyes are classified as
emergent and are the number 1 priority.
Second priority:
It is given to victims with injuries that have systemic complications that are not yet life threatening
and could wait 45 – 60 minutes for treatment.
Clients with conditions such as a simple fracture, asthma without respiratory distress, fever,
hypertension, abdominal pain, or the client with a renal stone have urgent needs and are classified
as number 2 priorities.
Last priority
It is given to those victims with local injuries without immediate complications and who can wait
several hours for medical attention.
Clients with conditions such as a minor laceration, sprain, or cold symptoms are classified as non
urgent and are the number 3 priority.
Disaster Nursing
Disaster nursing refers to nursing services offered to the victims of disaster who experiences trauma
caused by disaster Disaster produce several kinds of trauma.
reaction.
destruction, disorganization.
The Symptoms related to Trauma Produced by disaster usualfy occurs in Five Phases.
b. Heroic Phase: Characterized by co-operative spirit exist between friends, neighbour and
emergency teams. Constructive activity at this time can help to overcome feelings of anxiety and
depression.
c. The honeymoon phase: It begins to appear one week to several months after the disaster, the
need to help others is sustained, and the money, resources and support received from varying
agencies allow life to begin again in the community.
d. Disillusionment phase: It last from two months to one year._ A time of disappointment,
resentment, frustration and anger. Victims often begin to compare their neighbors with their own
and may start to resent or show hostility towards others.
e. Reconstruction and reorganization phase: In this individual recognize that they must adjust with
their own problems. They begin to rebuild their homes, business and lives in constructive fashion.
This ... period may last for year after the disaster.
Ø Nurse along with the health team needs to utilize primary health care intervention in acute
emergencies as follows:-
· Nursing Management
· Sanitation.
In addition to above the following psychosocial intervention are provided by the nurses:
· Group work
· Health education
Pre disaster phase, appropriate management of disaster requires advance planning. A nurse should
be the part of the team for disaster planning.
a. Community Participation: It is the process by which individuals, families and communities assume
the responsibility of promoting their own health and welfare. The community heath nurse maintains
the link between professional group pf experts in disaster management and community.
b. Mock trails/training: The training of various inter-disciplinary forces like school children, voluntary
organizations can be imparted by community health nurse and her team,
c. Mass awareness: The community should have the knowledge of all the Channel communication
system, stand by equipment supplies and other resources; otherwise disaster preparedness will be
failure.
d. Education: Mass awareness through media, booklets, panel discussion, films and televisions
information is very essential.
b. Causality evaluation
d. Safety measures
g. Provision of shelters
h. Rescue streaming
m. Grant in aid
n. Rehabilitation
CONCLUSION
Disasters are of different types which can happen any time ,any where, in the world causing
tremendous after effects such as loss of human life ,economical imbalances, food scarecity
epidemics , forced relocation of population etc. Disasters usually affect the developing countries
comparing with the developed countries. While deserting the matter we could come to the
conclusion that the adverse effects of natural disasters can be minimized by proper preventive
measures alert technologies at high risk areas, proper mobilization of resources, decreased
corruption in the field and also the mock training programmes in the community.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
4.WHO;COPING WITH NATURAL DISASTERS,THE ROLE OF LOCAL HEALTH PERSONNEL AND THE
COMMUNITY;1989;WHO publishing;pp 10-225.
JOURNALS
1.Walker,Peter;International search and rescue teams,A league discussion paper;geneva;League of
the Red Cross and Red Crecent societies;28:37:1998.
2.Singh J;72 hours kits,an article from home security guru;Indian Journal of public health;20:43:2002.