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BENDING MOMENT (1)

BENDING MOMENT AT A POINT DUE TO A POINT LOAD ACTING AT A


SPECIFIC LOCATION
Objective
To show that the bending moment at a cut section of a beam is equal to the algebraic
sum of the moment acting to the left or right of the section.

Theory

L1

W1 X

LX L2
RA RB

When the load is to the left of x - x


Bending moment at section x – x is;
B.M XX = W1(Lx –L1)- RALX
Or,
B.M XX = RBL2

When the load is to the right of x - x


B.M XX = RALX

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Apparatus
1. A pair of simple supports.
2. Special beam with a cut section.
3. A set of weights with several load hangers

Procedure
1. Connect the load cell to the digital indicator
2. Switch on the indicator. For stability of the reading the indicator must be switch
on 10 minutes before taking readings.
3. Fixed the two simple supports to the aluminum base at a distance equal to the span
of the beam to be tested. Screw the supports tightly to the base.
4. Hang the load hanger to the beam.
5. Placed the beam on the supports.
6. Placed the load hanger at the desired location.
7. Note the indicator reading. If it is not zero press the tare button on the indicator.
8. Place a load on the load hanger.
9. Record the indicator reading. This represents the force at the cut section.
10. Add load to the load hanger and record the indicator reading.
11. Repeat step 10 for another 5 sets of readings
Results
Beam span = mm
Distance of the cut section from the left support = mm
Distance of the load from the left support = mm
Distance of the load cell from the center of the beam cross section = 175 mm
Table 1

Load Cell Reading, Bending moment At X-X


Load (N) F Experimental
(N) Theory (N)
=F*175 (N)

10

20

30

40

50

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1. Using the data in Table 1 plot the graph of bending moment versus load.
2. Determine the slope of the graph.
3. Calculate the theoretical slope, L4 * (L1 / L)
4. From the slopes, calculate the average percentage error for the experiment.
Percentage error = ((slope theory – slope exp) / (slope theory)) x 100 %

3 KMI AUG 2017


BENDING MOMENT (2)
BENDING MOMENT AT A POINT DUE TO SEVERAL LOAD ACTING AT
VARIOUS LOCATIONS

Objective
To show that the bending moment at a cut section of a beam is equal to the algebraic
sum of the moments acting to the left or right of the section.

Theory

Lx

L2

W1 W2 W3 X

L1

L3 L4
RA RB
X

Bending moment at section x – x is;


B.M x-x = W1(LX-L1) + W2(LX-L2) + W3(LX-L3) - RALX
Or,
B.M x-x = RBL4
Apparatus
1. A pair of simple supports.
2. Special beam with a cut section.
3. A set of weights with several load hangers

Procedure
1. Connect the load cell to the digital indicator.
2. Switch on the indicator. For stability of the reading the indicator must be
switch on 10 minutes before taking readings.
3. Fixed the two simple supports to the aluminum base at a distance equal to the
span of the beam to be tested. Screw the supports tightly to the base.
4. Hang the load hanger to the beam.
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5. Placed the beam on the supports.
6. Placed the load hanger at the desired location.
7. Note the indicator reading. If it is not zero press the tare button on the
indicator.
8. Place a load on each load hanger.
9. Record the indicator reading. This represents the force at the cut section.
10. Remove all loads from the load hangers and apply a different set of loading
and at different locations.
11. Repeat step 6 to 11 for another 5 sets of readings.
Results
Beam span = mm
Distance of the cut section from the right support, L4 = mm
Distance of load cell from centre of the beam cross-section = 175 mm
Table 1
Load And Its Distance From The Left Support Load
Load Cell
Case W1 L1 W2 L2 W3 L3 Reading
N mm N mm N mm F (N)

Case 1

Case 2

Case 3

Case 4

Case 5

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Load Case Number Bending Moment (N-mm)
Experimental (F * 175) Theory

1. Using the data in the table plot the bar chart for the bending moment for the
theoretical and experimental case for each load case.
2. Calculate the percentage error for each load case and hence determine the
overall percentage error.
3. Compare the theoretical and experimental values of bending moment (This
can be shown using bar chart graph).

6 KMI AUG 2017

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