FORMULA SHEET

Central Angle = percent of the

population x 360º Factorial Notation: n! = n(n – 1)(n –
2)… (3)(2)(1)
n!
Permutations: P (n, r ) =
Sampling Interval = population size (n − r )!
sample size
Permutations with a, b, and c, Like
n!
range Objects =
a!b!c!
Bin Width = number of int ervals
n
xi n!
Mean: x = i =1 Combinations: C (n, r ) =
n r!(n − r )!
n
xi wi Odds in Favour of A : P( A) :1 − P( A)
Weighted mean: x = i =1
n
wi Expected Value of a Discrete Random
i =1 variable
Standard Deviation, (ungrouped data): n

n E ( x) = xi P ( X = xi )
(xi − x )2 i =1

σ= i =1

n n n n +1
Pascal’s Identity: + =
r r +1 r +1
Standard Deviation, (grouped data):
n
Binomial Probability Distribution:
f i ( xi − x )
2
n
σ= i =1
P( X = k ) = ( p )k (1 − q) n−k
n k

x−x Expected Value of Binomial Expansion:

Z-score: z = E(x) = np
σ

Experimental Probability: Normal Approximation of a Binomial

number of times the desired event occured Probability Distribution:
P( A) = x = np σ = np (1 − p )
number of trials

Hypergeometric Probabilty Distribution:

Theoretical Probability a b
n( A) k n−k
P( A) = Answer: P ( X = k ) =
n( S ) a+b
n
Probability of complimentary event:
P ( A′) = 1 − P ( A) where there are a elements of one type, b
elements of a second type, and we want
Additive Principle for the union of two to choose k of the first type from a draw
sets: of n.
n( A ∪ B ) = n( A) + n( B ) − n( A ∩ B )
P ( A ∪ B ) = P ( A) + P ( B ) − P ( A ∩ B ) Expected Value of Binomial Expansion:
na
E ( x) =
Conditional Probability: a+b
P( A ∩ B )
P ( B A) =
P( A)
1
1 1
1 2 1
1 3 3 1
1 4 6 4 1
1 5 10 10 5 1
1 6 15 20 15 6 1
1 7 21 35 35 21 7 1
1 8 28 56 70 56 28 8 1
1 9 36 84 126 126 84 36 9