Experiment no.

Title: Properties of Liquids:

Boiling Point, Surface Tension, Viscosity of liquids, Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic

Name:___________________________________ Yr and Section:____________________ Group no.:___

Objectives: To demonstrate how intermolecular forces affect physical properties such as surface tension
evaporation, viscosity Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic of liquids.

Learning Competencies: to learners to be able to:

1. Describe the following properties of liquids, and explain the effect of intermolecular forces on these
properties: surface tension, viscosity, vapor pressure, boiling point, and molar heat of vaporization
(STEM_GC11IMFIIIa-c-102)

2. Explain the properties of water with its molecular structure and intermolecular forces

STEM_GC11IMFIIIa-c-103

Part 1: Boiling point and evaporation experiment

Evaporation occurs when a substance goes from the liquid phase to the gas phase. In order to
evaporate, a liquid molecule must have enough energy (kinetic energy) to overcome the intermolecular
attractions. When the liquid molecule does evaporate, the liquid molecules left behind have lower
kinetic energy, which means a lower temperature in the liquid. Evaporation also cools the surrounding
air because the liquid molecules that have evaporated have small kinetic energy compared to the air
molecules, lowering the average kinetic energy of molecules in that area.

Materials Needed:

Water

Alcohol

3 Beaker 250 ml

Salt

Tripod and Bunsen burner

Thermometer
A. Evaporation Experiment:

Procedure:

1. Pour 10ml of water on the beaker and a 10ml of alcohol on the another beaker .

2. Dip one finger into the water and one finger into the alcohol.

3. Remove your fingers from the liquids at the same time and let them dry in air.

Guide Questions:

1) Describe what happens:

2) One finger should feel cooler than the other. Which one is it?

3) Is the cooler finger experiencing more or less evaporation than the warmer finger?

4) If a liquid is evaporating more quickly, what does that say about the strength of the intermolecular
attractions between the liquid molecules? (Strong or weak?)

5) Which liquid has stronger intermolecular forces, water or isopropyl alcohol?

6) Why will wrapping a bottle in a wet cloth produce a cooler bottle than placing the bottle in a bucket
of cold water? (Think about the questions above.)
B. Boiling Point Experiment:

Procedure:

1. Place 3 beakers with 100ml of water.

2. Pour 20g , 30g in each beaker and one beaker with no salt

3. Apply heat on each beaker placing with the thermometer on each beaker

4. Record the time of evaporation and the temperature where it will reach boiling point.

Guide Questions:

1. What do you observed from the setup?

2. What happen to the boiling point of the setup?

3. Describe what happen to the intermolecular forces of the 3 setup.

II. Surface Tension Experiment:

Surface tension is the elastic tendency found at the surface of a liquid. You see the effects of
surface tension all the time in ponds and lakes when bugs “walk” on the water surface. Where does
surface tension come from? Hydrogen bonds. In a container of water, the water molecules in the
middle of the container are being attracted through hydrogen bonds to water molecules all around
them. Water molecules at the surface, however, do not have any molecules above them, and are
pulled sideways and downward.

Materials Needed:

Water Needle

Soap Tripod and Bunsen burner

2 Beaker 250 ml
A. The Needle Experiment part 1

Procedure:

1. Get 2 pcs of 200ml beaker.

2. Pour 1 beaker with water and the other one with soap-water mixture

3. Place the needle above the two setups horizontally.

Guide Questions:

1. What do you observed?

2. Describe the Surface tension build up on the two setups.

3. How does Intermolecular Force affect the surface tension based on the experiment?

B. The Needle experiment part 2

Procedure:

1. Get 2 setups with beaker with water 200ml only and one with near boiling point

2. Place the needle above the two setups horizontally and float it.

Guide questions:

1. What do you observed on the experiment?

2. Describe the Intermolecular forces in the two setups.

3. How does the Intermolecular Force affect the Surface tension based on the experiment?

III. Milk Rainbow (Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic)

Food coloring is an aqueous solution while milk contains non-polar fat molecules.

It will help to review the structure of soap molecules.

“Polar head” “Nonpolar tail”

(Hydrophilic) (Hydrophobic)

Supplies needed:

2% milk (or you can use milk with a higher fat content)

Small plate or saucer

Food coloring

Liquid dish soap

Procedure and guide questions:

Pour enough milk in to a saucer to cover the bottom. Add 4 to 8 drops of different colors of food
coloring to the milk, placing the drops on separate areas of the milk.
1) Describe what it looks like:

2) Add 1 drop of soap to the saucer and wait for several seconds.

Describe what happened:

3) Milk is a mixture that contains water and fat. Is soap attracted to water, fat, or both? Explain.

4) Why does the food coloring stay in separate areas of the milk before the soap is added? (Hint: Think
about the old adage “Oil and water don’t mix” and then think about the chemistry behind that saying.)

5) Why does adding soap allow the watery food coloring solution to move around the saucer?

6) Is soap necessary to remove salt (NaCl) from your hands? Explain.

IV. A. Viscosity-Marble Experiment

For this experiment, we are going to test how marbles behave differently based on the type of liquid
they are dropped into. The experiment is a simple way to explain and measure the viscosity of a liquid.

Materials:

4 pcs 100ml Beaker Corn Syrup (enough to fill one jar)

4 Marbles Cooking Oil (enough to fill one jar)

Water (enough to fill one jar) Honey (enough to fill one jar)

Procedures:

1. Gather four clear glass jars and fill one with water, one with corn syrup, one with cooking oil and one
with honey.
2. Carefully drop one marble into each jar. Drop one marble at a time and observe what happens to the
marble when it enters the liquid. Which marbles sink to the bottom of the jar quickly and which marbles
sink to the bottle of the jar slowly.

Guide Questions:

1. What do you observed?

2. Explain the relationship of the viscosity to the Intermolecular force of the liquids

B. Pouring Test

Procedure:

1. Pour the 4 setup into the another beaker and record the time to flow.

Guide Questions:

1. What do you observed?

2. Based on the experiment define what is viscosity.

3. How does the Intermolecular Force affect to the pouring time of the four liquids?