FIRE ALARM

INDEX

TOPICS

Certificates…………………………………………………………………………………
Acknowledgement…………………………………………………………………………

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

● Introduction of the project …………………………………………………………………

● Project overview………………………………………………………………………………
● Thesis……………………………………………………………………………………………

CHAPTER 2: EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

● Introduction to embedded systems………………………………………………………………

● Need of embedded systems………………………………………………………………………
● Explanation of embedded systems………………………………………………………………
● Applications of embedded systems………………………………………………………………

CHAPTER 3: HARDWARE DESCRIPTION

● Arduino​…………………………………………………………………………………………
● ATMega328P Microcontroller​………………………………………………………………
● Flame Sensor​……………………………………………………………………………………
● LED​………………………………………………………………………………………………
● BUZZER​…………………………………………………………………………………………
● Bread board​………………………………………………………………………………………
● Resistors​…………………………………………………………………………………………
● Smoke Sensor​……………………………………………………………………………………
● Working principle​………………………………………………………………………………

CHAPTER 4: SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION

● Explanation of block diagram

CHAPTER 5: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS AND CODE

CHAPTER 6: ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGES AND APPLICATIONS

CHAPTER 7: CONCLUSION

REFERENCES
 FIRE ALARM

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1. ABSTRACT
Security is prime concern in our day to day life. The approach to home and industrial
automation and security system design is almost standardized nowadays. In this project, we have tried
to develop a low cost home and industrial automated security systems. Everyone wants to be as much
as secure as possible. The design of simple hardware circuit enables every user to use this fire sensor,
smoke sensor at home and industries.

Fire Alarm Systems are very essential for security purpose. Whatever field we choose for our
survey we can get a clear view of fire hazards in a system. Fire Alarm and indication system is a
combination of Electrical and Electronics Instruments. ​Now by using both fire and smoke sensors we
have increase the efficiency of this system

​1.2.OBJECTIVE:

It has been found in a survey that 80% losses caused due to fire would have been avoided if the
fire was detected immediately. Our system the solution to this problem.

In this project, we have built fire alarm using Arduino Uno which is interfaced with a flame
sensor, a smoke sensor and buzzer. This sensor senses the any heat and smoke generated due to
burning or fire. Buzzer connected to Arduino gives us an alarm indication. Whenever fire triggered, it
burns objects nearby and produces smoke. A fire alarm can also be triggered due to small smoke from
candlelight or oil lamps used in a household. Also, whenever heat intensity is high then also the alarm
goes on.

Buzzer or alarm is turned off whenever the temperature goes to normal room temperature and
smoke level reduces. Arduino fire alarm system is an important system for industrial purpose as well
as for household purpose. Whenever it detects fire or smoke then it instantly alerts the user. Whenever
a fire occurs, the system automatically senses and alerts the user.
 FIRE ALARM

CHAPTER 2: EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

2.1 Embedded Systems:

An embedded system is a computer system designed to perform one or a few dedicated

functions often with real-time computing constraints. It is embedded as part of a complete device often
including hardware and mechanical parts. By contrast, a general-purpose computer, such as a personal
computer (PC), is designed to be flexible and to meet a wide range of end-user needs. Embedded
systems control many devices in common use today.

Embedded systems are controlled by one or more main processing cores that are
typically either microcontrollers or digital signal processors (DSP). The key characteristic, however, is
being dedicated to handle a particular task, which may require very powerful processors. For example,
air traffic control systems may usefully be viewed as embedded, even though they involve mainframe
computers and dedicated regional and national networks between airports and radar sites. (Each radar
probably includes one or more embedded systems of its own.)

Since the embedded system is dedicated to specific tasks, design engineers can optimize
it to reduce the size and cost of the product and increase the reliability and performance. Some
embedded systems are mass-produced, benefiting from economies of scale.

In general, "embedded system" is not a strictly definable term, as most systems have
some element of extensibility or programmability. For example, handheld computers share some
elements with embedded systems such as the operating systems and microprocessors which power
them, but they allow different applications to be loaded and peripherals to be connected. Moreover,
even systems which don't expose programmability as a primary feature generally need to support
software updates. On a continuum from "general purpose" to "embedded", large application systems
will have subcomponents at most points even if the system as a whole is "designed to perform one or a
 FIRE ALARM

few dedicated functions", and is thus appropriate to call "embedded". A modern example of embedded
system is shown in fig: 2.1.
 FIRE ALARM

Fig 2.1:A modern example of embedded system

History:

In the earliest years of computers in the 1930–40s, computers were sometimes dedicated to
a single task, but were far too large and expensive for most kinds of tasks performed by embedded
computers of today. Over time however, the concept of ​programmable controllers​ evolved from
traditional ​electromechanical​ ​sequencers, via solid state devices, to the use of computer technology.

One of the first recognizably modern embedded systems was the ​Apollo Guidance​ ​Computer​,
developed by​ ​Charles Stark Draper ​at​ ​the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory. At the​ ​project's inception,
the Apollo guidance computer was considered the riskiest item in the Apollo project as it employed
the then newly developed monolithic integrated circuits to reduce the size and weight. An early
mass-produced embedded system was the Autonetics D-17 guidance computer for the ​Minuteman
missile​, released in 1961. It was built from ​transistor ​logic ​and had a ​hard disk​ ​for main memory.
When the Minuteman II went into production in 1966, the D-17 was replaced with a new computer
that was the first high-volume use of integrated circuits.

Resources:

To save costs, embedded systems frequently have the cheapest processors that can do the job.
This means your programs need to be written as efficiently as possible. When dealing with large data
sets, issues like memory cache misses that never matter in PC programming can hurt you. Luckily,
this won't happen too often- use reasonably efficient algorithms to start, and optimize only when
necessary. Of course, normal profilers won't work well, due to the same reason debuggers don't work
well.

Memory is also an issue. For the same cost savings reasons, embedded systems usually have
the least memory they can get away with. That means their algorithms must be memory efficient

Department of electronics and communication engineering

FIRE ALARM
 FIRE ALARM

 
(unlike in PC programs, you will frequently sacrifice processor time for memory, rather than the
reverse). It also means you can't afford to leak memory. Embedded applications generally use
deterministic memory techniques and avoid the default "new" and "malloc" functions, so that leaks can
be found and eliminated more easily. Other resources programmers expect may not even exist. For
example, most embedded processors do not have hardware FPUs (Floating-Point Processing Unit).
These resources either need to be emulated in software, or avoided altogether.

Real Time Issues:

Embedded systems frequently control hardware, and must be able to respond to them in
real time. Failure to do so could cause inaccuracy in measurements, or even damage hardware such as
motors. This is made even more difficult by the lack of resources available. Almost all embedded
systems need to be able to prioritize some tasks over others, and to be able to put off/skip low priority
tasks such as UI in favor of high priority tasks like hardware control.

2.2 Need For Embedded Systems:

The uses of embedded systems are virtually limitless, because every day new products
are introduced to the market that utilizes embedded computers in novel ways. In recent years,
hardware such as microprocessors, microcontrollers, and FPGA chips have become much cheaper. So
when implementing a new form of control, it's wiser to just buy the generic chip and write your own
custom software for it. Producing a custom-made chip to handle a particular task or set of tasks costs
far more time and money. Many embedded computers even come with extensive libraries, so that
"writing your own software" becomes a very trivial task indeed. From an implementation viewpoint,
there is a major difference between a computer and an embedded system. Embedded systems are often
required to provide Real-Time response. The main elements that make embedded systems unique are
its reliability and ease in debugging.
 FIRE ALARM

Debugging:

Embedded debugging may be performed at different levels, depending on the facilities

available. From simplest to most sophisticate they can be roughly grouped into the following areas:

Interactive resident debugging, using the simple shell provided by the embedded operating
system (e.g. Forth and Basic)

External debugging using logging or serial port output to trace operation using either a monitor
in flash or using a debug server like the Remedy Debugger which even works for
heterogeneous multi core systems.
 FIRE ALARM

Department of electronics and communication engineering

 FIRE ALARM

 
An in-circuit debugger (ICD), a hardware device that connects to the microprocessor via a
JTAG or Nexus interface. This allows the operation of the microprocessor to be controlled
externally, but is typically restricted to specific debugging capabilities in the processor.

An in-circuit emulator replaces the microprocessor with a simulated equivalent, providing full
control over all aspects of the microprocessor.

A complete emulator provides a simulation of all aspects of the hardware, allowing all of it to
be controlled and modified and allowing debugging on a normal PC.

Unless restricted to external debugging, the programmer can typically load and run software
through the tools, view the code running in the processor, and start or stop its operation. The

view of the code may be as assembly code or source-code..

Reliability:

Embedded systems often reside in machines that are expected to run continuously for
years without errors and in some cases recover by themselves if an error occurs. Therefore the
software is usually developed and tested more carefully than that for personal computers, and
unreliable mechanical moving parts such as disk drives, switches or buttons are avoided. Specific
reliability issues may include:

The system cannot safely be shut down for repair, or it is too inaccessible to repair. Examples
include space systems, undersea cables, navigational beacons, bore-hole systems, and
automobiles.

The system must be kept running for safety reasons. "Limp modes" are less tolerable. Often
backups are selected by an operator. Examples include aircraft navigation, reactor control
systems, safety-critical chemical factory controls, train signals, engines on single-engine

aircraft.
 FIRE ALARM

A variety of techniques are used, sometimes in combination, to recover from errors—

both software bugs such as memory leaks, and also soft errors in the hardware:

Watchdog timer that resets the computer unless the software periodically notifies the watchdog

Subsystems with redundant spares that can be switched over to

software "limp modes" that provide partial function

Designing with a Trusted Computing Base (TCB) architecture[6] ensures a highly secure &
reliable system environment
 FIRE ALARM

Department of electronics and communication engineering

 FIRE ALARM

 
2.3 Explanation of Embedded Systems:

Software Architecture:

There are several different types of software architecture in common use.

Simple Control Loop:

In this design, the software simply has a loop. The loop calls subroutines, each
of which manages a part of the hardware or software.

Interrupt Controlled System:

Some embedded systems are predominantly interrupting controlled. This means that
tasks performed by the system are triggered by different kinds of events. An interrupt could be
generated for example by a timer in a predefined frequency, or by a serial port controller receiving
a byte. These kinds of systems are used if event handlers need low latency and the event handlers
are short and simple.

Cooperative Multitasking:

A non-preemptive multitasking system is very similar to the simple control loop

scheme, except that the loop is hidden in an API. The programmer defines a series of tasks, and
each task gets its own environment to “run” in. When a task is idle, it calls an idle routine, usually
called “pause”, “wait”, “yield”, “nop” (stands for no operation), etc.

Primitive Multitasking:

In this type of system, a low-level piece of code switches between tasks or threads
based on a timer .This is the level at which the system is generally considered to have an
 FIRE ALARM

"operating system" kernel. Depending on how much functionality is required, it introduces more or
less of the complexities of managing multiple tasks running conceptually in parallel.

Because of these complexities, it is common for organizations to buy a real-time

operating system, allowing the application programmers to concentrate on device functionality rather
than operating system services, at least for large systems; smaller systems often cannot afford the
overhead associated with a generic real time system, due to limitations regarding memory size,
performance, and/or battery life.
 FIRE ALARM

Department of electronics and communication engineering

 FIRE ALARM

 
Stand Alone Embedded System:

These systems takes the input in the form of electrical signals from transducers or
commands from human beings such as pressing of a button etc.., process them and produces desired
output. This entire process of taking input, processing it and giving output is done in standalone
mode. Such embedded systems comes under stand alone embedded systems

Eg: microwave oven, air conditioner etc..

Real-time embedded systems:

Embedded systems which are used to perform a specific task or operation in a specific
time period those systems are called as real-time embedded systems. There are two types of real-time
embedded systems.

Hard Real-time embedded systems:

These embedded systems follow an absolute dead line time period i.e.., if the tasking is
not done in a particular time period then there is a cause of damage to the entire equipment.

Soft Real Time embedded systems:

These embedded systems follow a relative dead line time period i.e.., if the task is not
done in a particular time that will not cause damage to the equipment.
 FIRE ALARM

CHAPTER 3

HARDWARE

INTRODUCTION

● .Arduino:

Arduino​ is an ​open-source hardware​ and ​software​ company, project and user community that
designs and manufactures ​single-board microcontrollers​ and ​microcontroller​ kits for building
digital devices. Its products are licensed under the ​GNU Lesser General Public License​ (LGPL)
or the ​GNU General Public License​ (GPL),​[1]​ permitting the manufacture of Arduino boards and
software distribution by anyone. Arduino boards are available commercially in preassembled
form or as ​do-it-yourself​ (DIY) kits.

Fig:​Arduino

Electronics And Communication Engineering

 FIRE ALARM

Arduino board designs use a variety of ​microprocessors​ and controllers. The boards are equipped
with sets of digital and analog ​input/output​ (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to various
expansion boards or ​breadboards​ (​shields​) and other circuits. The boards feature serial
communications interfaces, including ​Universal Serial Bus​ (USB) on some models, which are
also used for loading programs from personal computers. The microcontrollers can be
programmed using ​C​ and ​C++​ ​programming languages​. In addition to using
traditional ​compiler​ ​toolchains​, the Arduino project provides an ​integrated development
environment​ (IDE) based on the ​Processing​ language project.

The Arduino project started in 2005 as a program for students at the ​Interaction Design Institute
Ivrea​ in ​Ivrea​, Italy,​[2]​ aiming to provide a low-cost and easy way for novices and professionals
to create devices that interact with their environment using ​sensors​ and ​actuators​. Common
examples of such devices intended for beginner hobbyists include
simple ​robots​, ​thermostats​ and ​motion detectors​.

The name ​Arduino​ comes from a bar in ​Ivrea​, Italy, where some of the founders of the project
used to meet. The bar was named after ​Arduin of Ivrea​, who was the ​margrave​ of the ​March of
Ivrea​ and ​King of Italy​ from 1002 to 1014.​[3]

● ATMega328P Microcontroller:

ATMEGA328P is high performance, low power controller from Microchip.

ATMEGA328P is an 8-bit microcontroller based on AVR RISC architecture. It is the most
popular of all AVR controllers as it is used in ARDUINO boards.

Since ATmega328P is used in ​Arduino Uno​ and ​Arduino nano​ boards, you can directly
replace the arduino board with ATmega328 chip. For that first you need to install the Arduino
bootloader into the chip (Or you can also buy a chip with bootloader – ATMega328P-PU). This
IC with bootloader can be placed on Arduino Uno board and burn the program into it. Once
Arduino program is burnt into the IC, it can be removed and used in place of Arduino board,

Electronics And Communication Engineering

 FIRE ALARM

along with a Crystal oscillator and other components as required for the project. Below is the pin
mapping between Arduino Uno and ATmega328P chip.

Fig::ATMEGA328p

Electronics And Communication Engineering

 FIRE ALARM

Where to Use ATMEGA328P:

Although we have many controllers ATMEGA328P is most popular of all because of its features
and cost. ARDUINO boards are also developed on this controller because of its features.

● With program memory of 32 Kbytes ATMEGA328P applications are many.

● With various POWER SAVING modes it can work on MOBILE EMBEDDED SYSTEMS.
● With Watchdog timer to reset under error it can be used on systems with minimal human
interference.
● With advanced RISC architecture, the controller executes programs quickly.
● Also with in chip temperature sensor the controller can be used at extreme temperatures.

These all features add together promoting ATMEGA328P further.

How to Use ATMEGA328P:

ATMEGA328 is used similar to any other controller. All there to do is programming. Controller
simply executes the program provided by us at any instant. Without programming controller
simply stays put without doing anything.

As said, first we need to program the controller and that is done by writing the appropriate
program file in the ATMEGA328P FLASH memory. After dumping this program code, the
controller executes this code and provides appropriate response.
Entire process of using an ATMEGA328P goes like this:

1. List the functions to be executed by controller.

2. Write the functions in programming language in IDE programs.

● Arduino IDE​:

Initial Setup Download Arduino Integrated Design Environment (IDE) here (Most recent
version: 1.6.5): https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software This is the Arduino IDE once it’s been
opened. It opens into a blank sketch where you can start programming immediately. First, we

Electronics And Communication Engineering

 FIRE ALARM

should configure the board and port settings to allow us to upload code. Connect your Arduino
board to the PC via the USB cable

Fig​:Arduino default window

● Flame Sensor

A flame detector is a sensor designed to detect and respond to the presence of a flame or fire.
Responses to a detected flame depend on the installation, but can include sounding an alarm,
deactivating a fuel line (such as a propane or a natural gas line), and activating a fire suppression
system.

Electronics And Communication Engineering

 FIRE ALARM

Fig: Flame Sensor Module

There are different types of flame detection methods. Some of them are: Ultraviolet detector,
near IR array detector, infrared (IR) detector, Infrared thermal cameras, UV/IR detector etc.

Fig:PIN OUT

When fire burns it emits a small amount of Infra-red light, this light will be received by
the Photodiode (IR receiver) on the sensor module. Then we use an Op-Amp to check for change
in voltage across the IR Receiver, so that if a fire is detected the output pin (DO) will give
0V(LOW) and if the is no fire the output pin will be 5V(HIGH).In this project we are using an IR
based flame sensor. It is based on the YG1006 sensor which is a high speed and high sensitive

Electronics And Communication Engineering

 FIRE ALARM

NPN silicon phototransistor. It can detect infrared light with a wavelength ranging from 700nm
to 1000nm and its detection angle is about 60°. Flame sensor module consists of a photodiode
(IR receiver), resistor, capacitor, potentiometer, and LM393 comparator in an integrated circuit.
The sensitivity can be adjusted by varying the on board potentiometer. Working voltage is
between 3.3v and 5v DC, with a digital output. Logic high on the output indicates presence of
flame or fire. Logic low on output indicates absence of flame or fire.

● Applications of flame sensors

● Hydrogen stations

● Combustion monitors for burners

● Oil and gas pipelines

● Automotive manufacturing facilities

● Nuclear facilities

● Aircraft hangars

● Turbine enclosures

● LED:

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a ​semiconductor​ ​light source​ that emits light

when ​current​ flows through it. ​Electrons​ in the semiconductor recombine with ​electron holes​,
releasing energy in the form of ​photons​. The color of the light (corresponding to the energy of
the photons) is determined by the energy required for electrons to cross the ​band gap​ of the
semiconductor.​[5]​ White light is obtained by using multiple semiconductors or a layer of
light-emitting phosphor on the semiconductor device.​[6]

Electronics And Communication Engineering

 FIRE ALARM

Appearing as practical electronic components in 1962, the earliest LEDs emitted

low-intensity infrared light.​[7]​ Infrared LEDs are used in ​remote-control​ circuits, such as those
used with a wide variety of consumer electronics. The first visible-light LEDs were of low
intensity and limited to red. Modern LEDs are available across the ​visible​, ​ultraviolet​,
and ​infrared​ wavelengths, with high light output.

Early LEDs were often used as indicator lamps, replacing small incandescent bulbs, and
in ​seven-segment displays​. Recent developments have produced high-output white light LEDs
suitable for room and outdoor area lighting. LEDs have led to new displays and sensors, while
their high switching rates are useful in advanced communications technology.

LEDs have many advantages over incandescent light sources, including lower energy
consumption, longer lifetime, improved physical robustness, smaller size, and faster switching.
LEDs are used in applications as diverse as ​aviation lighting​, ​automotive headlamps​,
advertising, ​general lighting​, ​traffic signals​, camera flashes, lighted wallpaper, ​plant growing
light​ and medical devices.​[8]

Unlike a ​laser​, the color of light emitted from an LED is neither coherent nor
monochromatic, but the spectrum is narrow with respect to human vision, and functionally
monochromatic.​[9]​[10]

Electronics And Communication Engineering

 FIRE ALARM

Fig:​LED’S

● BUZZER:

Buzzer is a small yet efficient component to add sound features to our project/system. It
is very small and compact 2-pin structure hence can be easily used on ​breadboard​, Perf Board
and even on PCBs which makes this a widely used component in most electronic applications.

There are two types are buzzers that are commonly available. The one shown here is a
simple buzzer which when powered will make a Continuous Beeeeeeppp.... sound, the other type
is called a readymade buzzer which will look bulkier than this and will produce a Beep. Beep.
Beep. Sound due to the internal oscillating circuit present inside it. But, the one shown here is
most widely used because it can be customised with help of other circuits to fit easily in our
application.

This buzzer can be used by simply powering it using a DC power supply ranging from
4V to 9V. A simple 9V battery can also be used, but it is recommended to use a regulated +5V or
+6V DC supply. The buzzer is normally associated with a switching circuit to turn ON or turn
OFF the buzzer at required time and require interval.

Electronics And Communication Engineering

 FIRE ALARM

Fig:​Buzzer

● Bread board:

A breadboard is a solderless device for temporary prototype with electronics and test
circuit designs. Most electronic components in electronic circuits can be interconnected by
inserting their leads or terminals into the holes and then making connections through wires where
appropriate. The breadboard has strips of metal underneath the board and connect the holes on
the top of the board. The metal strips are laid out as shown below. Note that the top and bottom
rows of holes are connected horizontally and split in the middle while the remaining holes are
connected vertically.

Electronics And Communication Engineering

 FIRE ALARM

Fig:​Bread board

● Resistors:

A resistor is a ​passive​ ​two-terminal​ ​electrical component​ that implements ​electrical

resistance​ as a circuit element. In electronic circuits, resistors are used to reduce current flow,
adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, ​bias​ active elements, and terminate ​transmission lines​,
among other uses. High-power resistors that can dissipate many ​watts​ of electrical power as heat,
may be used as part of motor controls, in power distribution systems, or as test loads
for ​generators​. Fixed resistors have resistances that only change slightly with temperature, time
or operating voltage. Variable resistors can be used to adjust circuit elements (such as a volume
control or a lamp dimmer), or as sensing devices for heat, light, humidity, force, or chemical
activity.

Resistors are common elements of ​electrical networks​ and ​electronic circuits​ and are ubiquitous
in ​electronic equipment​. Practical resistors as discrete components can be composed of various
compounds and forms. Resistors are also implemented within ​integrated circuits​.

The electrical function of a resistor is specified by its resistance: common commercial

resistors are manufactured over a range of more than nine ​orders of magnitude​. The nominal
value of the resistance falls within the ​manufacturing tolerance​, indicated on the component.

Electronics And Communication Engineering

 FIRE ALARM

Fig:Resistors

Electronics And Communication Engineering

 FIRE ALARM

● Smoke Sensor

Fig:MQ2 Smoke Sensor

MQ2 smoke sensor is an electronic sensor used for sensing the concentration of gases in
the air such as LPG, propane, methane, hydrogen, alcohol, smoke and carbon monoxide.MQ2
gas smoke is also known as chemiresistor. It contains a sensing material whose resistance
changes when it comes in contact with the gas. This change in the value of resistance is used for
the detection of gas.MQ2 is a metal oxide semiconductor type gas sensor. Concentrations of gas
in the gas is measured using a voltage divider network present in the sensor. This sensor works
on 5V DC voltage. It can detect gases in the concentration of range 200 to 10000ppm.

Electronics And Communication Engineering

 FIRE ALARM

Fig:MQ2 Pin out

● Working Principle:-

This sensor contains a sensing element, mainly aluminium-oxide based ceramic, coated
with Tin dioxide, enclosed in a stainless steel mesh. Sensing element has six connecting legs
attached to it. Two leads are responsible for heating the sensing element, the other four are used
for output signals.Oxygen gets adsorbed on the surface of sensing material when it is heated in
air at high temperature. Then donor electrons present in tin oxide are attracted towards this
oxygen, thus preventing the current flow.When reducing gases are present, these oxygen atoms
react with the reducing gases thereby decreasing the surface density of the adsorbed oxygen.
Now current can flow through the sensor, which generated analog voltage values.These voltage
values are measured to know the concentration of gas. Voltage values are higher when the
concentration of gas is high.

Applications

These sensors are used to detect the presence of gases in the air such as methane, butane,
LPG and smoke but they are unable to distinguish between gases. Thus, they cannot tell which
gas it is.Module version of this sensor can be used without interfacing to any microcontroller and
is useful when detecting only one particular gas. This can only detect the gas. But if ppm has to
be calculated then the sensor should be used without module.This sensor is also used for Air
quality monitoring, Gas leak alarm and for maintaining environmental standards in hospitals. In

Electronics And Communication Engineering

 FIRE ALARM

industries, these are used to detect the leakage of harmful gases.Some of the alternatives of the
MQ2 gas sensor are MQ-6, M-306A, AQ-3 sensors. To detect which gas have you used the MQ2
Gas sensor?

CHAPTER 4

BLOCK DIAGRAM

Electronics And Communication Engineering

 FIRE ALARM

CHAPTER 5

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Electronics And Communication Engineering

 FIRE ALARM

CODE

int green = 2,red = 3,smoke = 5,flame = 6 ,b = 4;

void setup() {

Electronics And Communication Engineering

 FIRE ALARM

Serial.begin(9600);

pinMode(smoke, INPUT);

pinMode(flame, INPUT);

pinMode(red, OUTPUT);

pinMode(green, OUTPUT);

pinMode(b, OUTPUT);

digitalWrite(red ,LOW);

digitalWrite(green ,HIGH);

digitalWrite(b ,LOW);

// the loop routine runs over and over again forever:

void loop() {

if(digitalRead(flame)==LOW || digitalRead(smoke)==LOW)

Serial.print("Fire Detected")

digitalWrite(red ,HIGH);

digitalWrite(green ,LOW);

digitalWrite(b ,HIGH);

delay(100);

digitalWrite(red ,LOW);

delay(100); // delay in between reads for stability

Electronics And Communication Engineering

 FIRE ALARM

else{

Serial.print("No Fire")

digitalWrite(green ,HIGH);

digitalWrite(b ,LOW);

● Project description:

Interfacing Flame Sensor with Arduino to Build a Fire Alarm System. ... Flame sensor
module has photodiode to detect the light and op-amp to control the sensitivity. It is used to
detect fire and provide HIGH signal upon the detection. Arduino reads the signal and
provides alert by turning on buzzer and LED

CHAPTER 6

DISADVANTAGES AND ADVANTAGES OF THE SYSTEM

Advantages:​ alerts you, other residents, the firefighters and other responders to the location of
the alarm and the type of alarm. As long as the system is on and powered, it will alert you. This
could save lives.

Electronics And Communication Engineering

 FIRE ALARM

Disadvantages:​ false alarms caused by cooking odors/fumes, caused by workers painting and
sanding, caused by dust, caused by malfunctions. These false alarms will lead to some people not
responding to the alarm with the alacrity I would wish for. The other disadvantage is cost.

Live dangerously or sleep peacefully.

Applications:

● Smoke, Heat and Flame Detection.

● Linear Heat Detection.
● Linear Fiber Optic Heat Detection.
● Air Sampling Smoke and Particle Detection.
● Conventional and Addressable Control Panels.

Electronics And Communication Engineering

 FIRE ALARM

CHAPTER 7

CONCLUSION

The project present user friendly and Low cost home and industrial security systems. It’s
a real time security purpose system developed with simple hardware which simplifies the
possibility of error free security system. The system can be easily implemented with maximum
reliability and the high security with the low cost is a special enhancement from the existing
systems for home security

REFERENCES

Electronics And Communication Engineering

 FIRE ALARM

[1 .
] WWW.components101.com/articles/introduction-to-gas-sensors-types-working-and-applications

[2 www.instructables.com/id/Flame-Detector-With-Arduino/
]

[3 CIRCUIT DESIGNED BY ​https://easyeda.com

]

Electronics And Communication Engineering

 FIRE ALARM

Electronics And Communication Engineering

 FIRE ALARM

Electronics And Communication Engineering