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CADOGAN CHESS BOOKS
Chess Explorations
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Chess Explorations
A Pot-Pourri from the Journal Chess Notes
Edward Winter
CADOGAN
LONDON, NEW YORK
First published 1996 by Cadogan Books plc, London House, Parkgate Road,
London SWll 4NQ
© 1996 Edward Winter

All illustrations © 1996 The Edward Winter Collection.
Front cover portraits: Alekhine, Lasker and Capablanca, with autographs of
Kasparov and Capab1anca.
Back cover portraits: Tartakower and Keres.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a

retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise,
without prior permission in writing from the publishers.
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Cover design by Brian Robins

Printed in Great Britain by BPC Wheatons Ltd, Exeter
Contents
Preface Vll
Chapters:
1 Positions 1
2 Games 27
3 Openings 85
4 Miscellanea 103
5 Gaffes 138
6 Mysteries 171
7 Reviews/Commentary 207
8 Quotes 23 1
Endnotes 255
Book List 275
Indices:
1 Games and Positions Chronologically 291
2 Games and Positions by Player 295
3 Openings 301
4 General 303
Preface
'A forum for aficionados to discuss all matters relating to the Royal Pastime' was the
objective announced in the first issue (January-February 1982) of Chess Notes. Born
from the stark realisation that the beaten track of chess literature was bestrewn with
fallacies, guesswork and hearsay, the bimonthly journal attempted throughout its
eight-year run to clear away some of the deadwood and supplant it with a garland of
more reliable material, founded on proper documentation. 1
For the present anthology, items on related subjects have been grouped together
chronologically, thereby enabling the reader to follow without difficulty the twists
and turns of, for instance, the Capablanca chess/billiards hoax (pages 1 79- 182) and
the unravelling of the Leipzig, 1 888 mystery (pages 1 95- 197), complete with false trails
and unexpected denouement.
Minor textual changes have occasionally been made, and an Endnotes section
provides cross-references and information on subsequent findings. The need for heavy
pruning explains the absence of the Staunton/Morphy controversy,2 since the debate
would require a monograph to do it justice. Discussion of the Termination of the 1984-
85 Karpov v Kasparov match has been limited to the outline provided on pages 22 1-225.
It will be seen that a number of explorations have, at least so far, failed, and that
where some success has been achieved it is often thanks to readers. Any further
discoveries resulting from publication of this book will be reported in the journal's
sequel, a Chess Notes column which has been appearing since 1993 in numerous
specialised magazines throughout the world.
Edward Winter
Geneva, July 1 996
Acknowledgements
The author is grateful to Mr Louis Blair (Knoxville, TN, USA), Mr Carl-Eric Erlandsson
(Lund, Sweden), Mr Jeremy Gaige (Philadelphia, PA, USA), Dr Kenneth Neat
(Durham, England) and Mr Rob Verhoeven (The Hague, The Netherlands) for
verification of a number of factual matters. He is particularly indebted to Mr Jonathan
Manley (IIford, E ngland) for proofreading the entire work and providing invaluable
advice and assistance throughout the production stage.
Chapter 1
Positions
2 Chess Explorations
An ending from actual play?
The Social Chess Quarterly (January 1935, page 483) gives the following position:
It is taken from the London Evening News - no date given -and was won by Leonard
Walls. White played 1 b4, and Black mated in 4.
1 b4 i.b7 2 c5 i.c8 3 b5+ 'Stxc5 4 b6 axb6 mate.
Or 1 b4 i.b7 2 b5+ <t>c5 3 b6 axb6 mate.
It must be very rare for such an endgame to have a quick forced rna te in all lines. 1 b4
is such a natural, neat-looking move that the question must be asked whether this is a
composition, or are we doing an injustice to Mr Walls and The Social Chess Quarterly?
(207)
[C.N. 207. Items in the original Chess Notes journal were numbered 1 to 1933.]
A.J .Roycroft reports that he showed this position to The Chess Endgame Study Circle.
'No one actually recognised it. The consensus was that if it was composed the
position was irregular in several respects, namely: White makes an error and
Black mates; what sort of composition ("Mate in 4" or "Win") are we talking
about? - the absence of a stipulation points to it NOT being a composition; the
mates being the same, it is weak as a composition; and . . . i.b 7 is not really so
unexpected a move to find, once one is faced with the position, for what other
move is to be preferred? The move may well have been found without the
·
consequences having been seen.'

Paul Timson writes that he knew Leonard Walls, who was a kindly stalwart of the
Harrow Chess Club for many years and quite capable of finding a move like . . . i.b7.
At other times in his life he was connected with chess in Manchester and Horsham.
From a copy of his obituary in the Middlesex Chess/etter we learn that L. W. died on
1 1 December 1968 , aged 79. (359)
Positions 3
A fine breakthrough
D.Benedek (blindfold}-A.Schweiger, Pecska, 1 January 1905.

The game continued: 35 b4 cxb4 36 llxb6+ axb6 37 c5 bxc5 38 aS, etc.
Source (position only): Wiener Schachzeitung, November-December 1906, page 398.
(353)
Two queens down
As noted on page 50 of Chernev's Wonders and Curiosities of Chess, N.M.MacLeod

holds the unenviable record of the most games lost in a single tournament, thirty-one at
New York, 1 889. 1
H e was, however, responsible for a n extraordinary defeat of Emanuel Lasker in a
simultaneous exhibition in Quebec in 1 892. Extraordinary, because it must surely be the
only game Lasker ever played in which he struggled on in vain when two queens down:
57 ... @al+ (There is a mate in two with 57 . . . @b 1 , 57 . . . 1Wh 1 or 57 . . . \Wg7.) 58

'it>b8 1We8+ 59 c;!;>c7 @aS+ 60 ct>d6 1!fad8 mate.
Source: British Chess Magazine (BCM), August 1 893, pages 359-360. (435)
A spectacular move
One of the most spectacular moves of Berlin, 1 897 was played, against Marco, by the
obscure player Johannes Metger, in the seventeenth round on 1 October. Because
the game ended in a draw (after 62 moves) and no doubt because Metger was little
known, Black's ingenious fifteenth move has never received the credit it deserves.
(White: Marco ) 1 e4 e5 2 llJf3 llJc6 3 .ib5 llJf6 4 0-0 llJxe4 5 d4 .ie7 6 lie1llJd6 7 .ia4
e4 8 llJe5 0-0 9 llJc3 llJf5 10 llJxc6 dxc6 11 d5 cxd5 12 Wxd5 llJd6 13 llJxe4 .ie6 14
'int5 llJxe4 15 lixe4
and now Metger found the terrific move 15 ... .ig4. Of course the bishop is untouchable
either way ( 1 6 lixg4 Wd1 mate or 16 'ifxg4 f5); White played 16 'tWaS. (453)
King and queen stalemated
An unusual finish occurred in the consultation game H.Seyboth and M.Chigorin v

A. Lewin and E.Schiffers, played on 1 3 September 1900 in St Petersburg. Here is the
position after Black's thirty-fifth move:
Positions 5
The remaining moves were: 36 'ifxg8+ �xg8 37 llxf7 We3 38 ll7f3 'fib6 39 �h3 �7
40 llg3+ �h8 41 l:lf7 b5 (Black's king and queen are now stalemated.) 42 l:lg5 Resigns.
Source: Wiener Schachzeitung, December 1900, page 257. (515)
Lasker's brilliancy
Few players are slow to claim a brilliancy, but Edward Lasker2 once uncorked a superb
move - and did not even realise it. Heidenfeld's Lacking the Master Touch (pages 10- 1 1 )
discusses a position from the game Ed.Lasker-Marshall, New York tournament,
30 March 1 924.
Lasker played 28 i.f4, which helped to relieve his difficult position, although he later
lost the game through subsequent sins. But, as Heidenfeld points out:
'What Lasker executed with the move 28 B-B4 is one of the very rare anti
Turtons ever seen in play, though it is a well-known combination in problem
composition. It consists in forcing the attacker who wishes to double two
pieces on the same gait in such a way as to have the stronger piece in front and
the weaker behind (called the Turton in the jargon of problemists) into
playing the weaker piece across the so-called "critical square" (here Black's
K4) and thus into reversing the planned line-up . . .
' . . . Now it is absolutely impossible for even the most modest chess master
who knows of these contexts and has the good fortune to bring off such a rare
combination, not to crow over it and dismiss the game, as Lasker does, with
the words: "Marshall made a complicated combination which permitted me
to equalize, when he could have won within a few moves. I lost the game
through a blunder in the seventh hour of play . . . " Thus, though Edward
Lasker included a chapter on problems in his work Chessfor Fun & Chessfor
Blood, his knowledge of this field is clearly deficient - otherwise he would
have hailed his game against Marshall as an extraordinary "find" - just as I
am doing now. Without a record of this game the literature of chess would be
distinctly poorer.'
Alekhine in the tournament book merely remarks that after Black's 27th move . . .
ltlf5? 'White now defends himself capitally'.
Any more examples of the anti-Turton theme in actual play, or instances of a master
never realising how clever he had been? (553)
From Michael McDowell:

'I was very interested in C.N. 553 since I have a small collection of game
positions featuring problem themes, although up to now no example of an anti
Turton. It is curious to note that the second brilliancy prize winner from New
York, 1924 (Marsha/1-Bogoljubow) featured an example of the Turton theme
(18 i.b1 i.d7 19 'flc2). '
Our correspondent later pointed out that a lateral anti-Turton occurred in actual
play in the game Lucarelli-Carra, Bologna, 1932; see Pachman's Modern Chess Tactics
(page 1 24).
If 1 d4 then 1 . . . 'ffe2. White therefore played 1 Ir.d2 Ir.xd2 2 d4 'ffe2 3 i.c l and Black
resigned. (681)
Positions 7
Capa misses mate in three
One of Capablanca's most impressive simultaneous games was against J.H. White
(of Modern Chess Openings fame) in London on 6 August 1 9 1 9 (see pages 1 54- 1 55
of The Unknown Capablanca) . Unfortunately, however, there is an imperfection:
.
Capa's 5 1st move - which, admittedly, provoked White's (i.e. Black's . . . ) resignation
- was not the best.
Instead of 51 lt:\e5+ as played, it is mate in three with 5 1 lt:\h6+. (628)
A rare ending
From the Wiener Schachzeitung, April 1 926, pages 106- 1 07, a pos1t10n from the
Spielmann-Janowsky game at the Semmering tourney of that year:
White played 37 b7, putting everything en prise. The other point of interest is the
continuation, a rare example of two queens against a queen and two rooks:
37 ... Ir.xcl 38 b8='t!V+ lld8 39 't!Vb6 <M7 40 a5 llcc8 41 f5 gxf5 42 a6 lld5 43 't!Vf4
lid7 44 't!Vb3 �8 (44 . . . 't!Vf6) 45 't!Ve5 lld5 46 't!Vh8+ \W7 47 't!Vb7+ llc7 48 't!Vhc8+
'it>d6 49 't!Vb6+ Resigns. (697)
Tragicomedy
Pages 77-80 of the Dresden, 1 892 tournament book feature a remarkable game Albin
von Bardeleben in which six queens appear (not simultaneously). 3 It is topped off
with 'a tragicomic final position':
Instead of playing 92 Wh8, White blundered with 92 Wg8, which allows 92 ... 'it>f6
(inviting White to promote with check) 93 f8='t!V+ 'it>g6. White resigned, faced with a
forced mate in three. (751)
Family fork
The knight fork is illustrated by the game Blek-Tal, Latvian Championship, Riga, 1955.
B
Positions 9
The future World Champion now played 37 ... li:'ld2+ 38 'ifxd4 lt'lf3 mate. A true
family fork.
Source: Weltgeschichte des Schachs: Tal. (822)
Lightning endings
The following position, taken from the Neue Wiener Schachzeitung, July 1923, pages
1 35-1 36, arose in a quick game between Alekhine and Tartakower at Carlsbad on
8 May 1923:
1 j.a7 'i&c4! 2 b6 'i&c3! 3 b7 d2 4 b8='if d1='if+ 5 'i&g2 'ifd5+ 6 'i&g3 'i&d3! ! 7 'ifb1+
'i&e2 8 'ifc2+ j.d2 9 j.c5 'i&f1 ! ! 10 h4 'ifg2 mate. (Punctuation by Tartakower, who
supplied brief notes. )
Here is another finish from a quick game. Krejcik was White:
Play went: 1 'ifc1 + 'ifb1 + 2 'i&d2! c6! 3 'i&d1 c5 4 'i&d2 c4 5 'i&e2! ! c3 6 'i&d1 c2+ 7 'i&d2
'ifxcl + 8 'i&xcl stalemate.
Again, the exclamation marks follow the Wiener Schachzeitung (August 1924, page
23 1). (1050)
Missed mate in one
This was the final position of the brilliancy prize game Bird-Mason, New York, 1 876, in
which White has just played his knight from e5 to g6:
According to page 86 of The Book of Chess Lists by A. Soltis (McFarland & Company,
1984), Mason resigned in view of 50 ... Wg7 5 1 ll::l xe7+ Wxh6 52 ll::l x c8. What about
52 liig6 mate?4 (1062)
Two Janowsky finishes
Janowsky-Lester Keene, Manhattan Chess Club, New York, 1 9 1 7. White had given
queen odds in return for a knight.
Positions 11
'The consternation of Keene can well be imagined when Janowsky forced a

checkmate in five moves, as follows: 1 tl:\g4+ <t>h1 2 Wt1 f3 3 <t>f2 h2 4 <t>fl f2 5 tl:\xf2
mate.' (BCM, October 1 9 1 7, page 3 1 3)
Janowsky-N.N., Manhattan Chess Club, New York, July 1 9 1 7 . White wound up

brilliantly with: 1 liilxe4 dxe4 2 tl:\f6+ gxf6 3 liixf7 �f7 4 'ti'xh7+ <t>£8 5 .tc4 .te6
6 fxe6 Itxe6 7 .txe6 'ti'e8 8 .tb3 liid8 9 'ti'g8+ <t>e7 10 'ti'e6+ <MSll 'ti'xf6+ and mate next
move. (BCM, January 1 9 1 8, page 3) (1108)
A neat ending
This position comes from the game between B.E.Maliutin and B.Gregory at the 1 9 1 2
Breslau Hauptturnier (page 1 77 of the tournament book).
White played 42 tl:\e4 .tc4 43 liixg5+ 'it>h4 44 liixc4 (with the idea of 45 g3 mate)
44 ... liih1 + 45 'it>xh1 liic1 + 46 'it>h2 liih 1 + 47 �h1 stalemate. (1 1 16)
Mate in ten
Inexperienced solvers who have never successfully tackled a Mate in Ten are invited to
make their debut with the following problem. The composer is not known to us.
The solution given is: 1 ltJc7+ �b7 2 d8= ltJ+ �b6 3 ltJdS+ �aS 4 ltJc6+ �a4
5 ltJc3+ �b3 6 ltJaS+ �b2 7 ltJa4+ �at 8 i.eS+ i.d4 9 i.xd4+ lib2 10 i.xb2 mate,
although there is also 10 ltJb3. (The Austral, 25 August 1928, page 9) (1198)
Unusual balance
Endings with curious balances of material are always interesting. An example is below:
This position arose after White's 72nd move in Carls-Brinckmann, Hamburg, 22 July
1921 (page 86 of the tournament book). Two bishops against two pawns must be
extremely rare. Play continued: 72 ... h4 73 i.g2 �g4 74 i.c6 (Two question marks. The
book gives 74 �f7 h3 75 i.c6 h2 76 i.g2, or 75 ... g2 76 i.f2.) 74 ... �h3 75 i.eS �h2
Positions 13
76 Wf7 h3 77 i..d 7 Wg2 78 Wg6 h2 79 i..c6+ Wg1 80 i..d4+ Wf1 81 i..b 5+ Drawn.
(1220)
Rene Olthof reports that his favourite example of a curious balance of material is to be
found on pages 199-200 of the Batsford book Sicilian: Lasker-Pelikan. It is indeed
remarkable: rook, bishop and knight versus queen and pawn. The diagram below
shows the position after 56 moves. A draw was agreed after White's 85th move,
and only after some fascinating winning attempts by White (Zhelnin-Semeniuk,
RSFSR Championship, 1976).
(1256)
Single bishop mate
The following position is given on page 42 of La Revista de Ajedrez (Havana) of

27 February 1 889. Mackenzie ( White) was offering a rook to an unnamed pupil.
The game was played in New York 'during the past year' .
Play continued: 1 ... h5 2 Wf3 Wg5 3 We2 Wh4 4 <M3 �h3 5 We2 h4 6 �f3 and mate
next move.
We should like to know more about the game, and to receive any other examples of
single bishop mates in actual play. (The Pillsbury one is well known.)5 (1253)
Cheating
Underhanded Chess by Jerry Sohl (Hawthorn Books Inc., 1973) received little publicity
outside the United States, but it is an amusing guide full of 'devious diversions and
stratagems for winning at chess'. A quote from page 6 sets the tone:
'To win, one must have a touch of the larcenist in his heart, the actor in his
soul, the picaroon in his psyche, and the cozener in his brain. '
An article on the same theme, 'Triche, triche et colegram . . . ', appeared in Le Courrier
(Geneva) of 1 1 April 1986. The writer, Fernand Gobet, gives the following position,
which, he says, is taken from 'the game Bielovsky-Cherniev played a few decades ago
in the USSR':
Now, we are told, White played 1 c8 = black bishop, after which 2 &£Jc7 mate cannot
be prevented. Under shock, Black at once resigned, forgetting that the rules require a
pawn to be promoted to a piece of the same colour.
Information on this alleged incident, please. (1263)
Swindle
A forgotten example of a double Marshall Swindle which, however, is unsuccessful. It

occurred in a game against Judge Labatt (White) in New Orleans, 1 9 1 3 (BCM, July
1 9 1 3 , pages 302-303 gives the full score). 6 (Last move: 37 �.)
Positions 15
Marshall played 37 tbe4, hoping for 38 Itxe8 tbg5+ 39 <i!?f8 Itf4+ and a neat mate
...
next move. But the game continued 38 <i!?xe8 Itb7 39 <i!?f8 tbg5 40 e8=1¥. Now F .J .M., a
queen and a rook down, found a remarkable mating threat: 40 <i!?h8, with the idea of
...
4 1 . . . tbh7. Judge Labatt played 41 Itld7 and Marshall resigned. (1291)
What went wrong?
According to page 8 1 of E.J .Diemer's Olympische Blitzsiege (which gives the full score),
the following position arose after Black's 3 1st move in the game A. Steiner-L.Prins,
Munich Olympiad, 1936:
Black has just played 3 1 . . . tbd7-f8. White replied 32 tbxh5 tbf7 33 tbg7+ and the
Dutchman resigned. We won't insult readers' intelligence by pointing out what White
(if the score is correct) could have played at move 32.7 (1301)
Translation needed
At the end of C.N. 1 264 John Nunn expressed a wish to see translations of 'the many
excellent foreign-language books which would be wholly new to British readers'.
A good example, we believe, is Le maitre de I' attaque, an autobiographical games
collection by V. Soultanbeieff. Published at the beginning of the 1950s, it has everything:
an interesting personality relates a successful career which contained a remarkably high
number of 'brilliant' games; good annotations and plenty of general comment. What
more could one ask? The author sets the tone in the Introduction: 'Positional play and
cold calculation are fine, but above all combinative play with creative fantasy.' On page
25 there is a classic example of rook half-pins reminiscent of 27 l:ld4 in Capablanca
Tholfsen, Brooklyn, 1924; page 94 has a fine strategic achievement with a 'tragicomic'
finish (a win against Ambuhl in Brussels, 1943) in which Black's remaining pieces are
all trapped:
A curiosity is the ending of Soultanbeieffs game against William Winter (Black) at

Ramsgate, 1929. Here is V. S.'s account (on page 1 87):
'The former British Champion is a pawn ahead, but his pieces are out of play.
White takes advantage of this to force an elegant draw: 41 f4! exf4 42 l:lb3!
Positions 17
threatening to win the rook by 43 llf3 (43 . . . �h4 44 llxf4+ �h5 45 f3 !),
and a draw was agreed on Black's proposal. For if 42 . . . �h4 43 llb4! llh5
(forced) 44 f3! and now 44 . . . �g5 45 llb6 and 44 . . . g5 45 lla4 offer nothing.
An amusing position! As soon as the game was over, Capablanca, who was
playing alongside, came rushing up to me: "But you could have won! ," he
said, firmly making the move 43 llf3. "Ah, if it had been my move!," I replied
with a sigh . . .' (1333)
Not the real finish
Alekhine's second volume of best games contains a brilliancy v 'S.Freeman' played

at a 'Blindfold Record Exhibition on 26 Boards. New York, May, 1924':
Alekhine gives the finish as 22 .txf6 Wxf6 ('Or 22 . . . gxf6 23 \!Yh6 \!Yf8 24 lle8, followed
by mate.') and 'White announces mate in four moves: 23 lle8+ lbf8 24 lbh6+ Wxh6 25
llxf8+ �xf8 26 't!fd8 mate' . This spectacular finish continues to be widely published,
unjustifiably.
The display was reported on pages 1 26- 129 of the May-June 1924 issue of the
American Chess Bulletin. Page 1 29 gives the score of the game in question: 22 .ixf6
gxf6 'White mates in three moves'. There follows a note to Black's 22nd move:
'Alekhine announced that if 22 . . . Wxf6, then mate in four, as follows: 23 lle8+ lbf8
24 lbh6+ Wxh6 25 llxf8+ �xf8 26 \!¥d8 mate.'
The American magazine gives Black's name as A. Frieman. Also, the exhibition did
not take place in May, but from 14.00 on 27 April to 02.00 on 28 April.
Although the 'brilliancy' continues to be republished, the above refutation was
reported long ago. As far as we know, the first to note it was Paul Leith; see the BCM,
November 1 960 (page 328) and February 196 1 (pages 58-59).
The A CB reports that Alekhine 'brought off the prettiest finish of the day against
S.Hecht of the Stuyvesant Chess Club. This victory, which startled the onlookers,
involved the sacrifice of both of Alekhine's Rooks. The acceptance of this Grecian gift
by Hecht led to a forced mate in four moves, which Alekhine announced to the
accompaniment of loud applause.'
That sounds like the game that deserves to be remembered, but the score is not given.
Does anyone have it? (1394)
A Janowsky problem
This three-mover by Janowsky was published on page 74 of the March 1927 American
Chess Bulletin :
Solution: 1 't!Va8. The composition was also given on page 3 1 1 of issue 1 0 of

Les Cahiers de I'Echiquier Fran�ais, which states that the original publication was in
Le Monde Illustre at the time Janowsky wrote a weekly column there. (1428)
A strange queen ending
The March 1890 BCM (page 1 00) reported that 'the following pretty ending occurred
in a game recently played at the Vienna Club' .
w
Positions 19
White (Neumann) defeated an unnamed opponent with 1 1We4 'iVxgS+ 2 �6 'and

Black cannot save mate. Had Black made any other move than taking the pawn, it will
be seen that White equally wins'. (1430)
From Ken Whyld:

'Readers may be puzzled to see that Neumann (who died in 1881)playeda game
"recently" in the 1890 BCM. It was not the Neumann but a Neumann; in fact
Alexander Neumann (1856-1903). The originalpublication was in O sterreichische
Lesehalle, January 188 7, page 31. The position is rotated, which affects
variations using promotion. It is noted on page 123 (April) that what was infact
played was 1 'fld5 �xb4+ 2 <3;f3 �e 1 3 1Wh5+ Wg1 4 'flg4+ <3ilf1 5 1Wg2 mate,
and that other replies would not have helped. Thus after 1 ... 1Wg6+ 2 <3;f4+ <3ilh2
3 'fie51, or 1 ... 'flf6 2 'fkh5+,followed by an exchange ofqueens, or 1 ... Wg3 2 b5. '
Michael Sharpe points out that this (rotated) position is also given on page 1 03 of
The Tactics of End-Games by Jeno Ban (' A.Neumann, 1 887') and page 1 44 of volume
3 of Lehr- und Handbuch der Endspiele by Andre Cheron ('from a game by Neumann,
1 887').
The most detailed analysis we have found is on pages 75-76 of Johann Berger's
Theorie und Praxis der Endspiele, which acknowledges the Austrian journal as its source.
P.W.Sergeant, in turn, credited Berger when using the position on pages 98-99 of
An Introduction to the Endgame at Chess. (1463)
A position published on page 27 of volume 3 of Comprehensive Chess Endings by

Y.Averbakh, V.Henkin and V.Chekhover (Pergamon Press):
White wins by 1 1Wc4+ <3ila3 2 �a6+ 'itb2 3 'fibS+ <3ila3 4 'tWaS+ Wb2 S 't!¥b4+ and
6 Wc2.
No players are named, yet it is a mirror reflection of a position that arose in a game
in the British Ladies' Championship at Brighton in 1 938 between Miss R.M.Dew
and Mrs F.F.Thomson (White: �a7, 1fa8. Black: �d7, Wc8). CHESS ( 1 7 September
1938, page 2 1 ) reports:
'A game in the Women's Championship came down to the diagrammed

position at adjournment-time and Mrs Thomson sealed the move . . . 't!Vc5+.
Some bystanders audibly criticised Mrs Thomson for trying to win an
"obviously" drawn game, so she changed her mind and accepted the draw.
Subsequently, analysis revealed a forced win by �a6 1Wa3+; c.t>b7 't!Vb4+;
�a6 1!Va4+; �b7 't!fb5+; �a7 �c7! and mates. Luckily this did not affect
Mrs Thomson's final position.'
An identical version of this incident is given on page 4 1 8 of the September 1938 BCM.
(1588)
Knight tour
Ronald Pearce provides this position, which, he suggests, must be the longest re-entrant
knight tour ever made in practical play. It arose in the game Vilela-Estevez in the
1984 Cuban Championship:
Play continued 28 ... 1!Vxd5 29 l:lxdS lbel + 30 cM1 lbxc2 31 lid2 lbb4 32 �2 lbc6
33 lie4 lbe5 34 lidS lbf3, and the game was drawn at move 4 1 . (1446)
Capablanca v Alekbine
The following position occurred after Black's 40th move in the third game of the 1927
World Championship match between Capablanca (White) and Alekhine:
Positions 21
Capablanca finished with 41 li:lf5+ c:M7 42 'fi'c7+ and Black resigned. Despite
checking this game in about twenty books and magazines, we have found no comment
on Capa's 4 1 st move. And yet it is not the quickest win. White could have played
4 1 1Vf7+, with a forced mate in three more moves. The trouble with 4 1 li:lf5+ is
that Black has one possibility of holding out a move longer: 4 1 . . . wf8.8 (1449)
Mattison's studies
Mattison's Chess Endgame Studies by T.G. Whitworth (published by the BCM) is a

compendium of all available studies by the great Latvian composer ( 1 894- 1932). Both
the annotations and the overall presentation are beautifully neat, another strong point
being Alexander Hildebrand's Introduction.
Studies 37, 38 and 39 show how Mattison developed and reworked an intriguing
stalemate idea. Number 39 is given below:
Latvis, 1924. White to move and draw.

Solution: 1 c6 h3 2 c7 Itc2 (or Itg8) 3 c8=1f Itxc8 4 �g3 h2 5 i.d2+ �b3 6 �2

Itc2 7 �1 Itxd2 stalemate.
We happen to recall that the same motif is to be found in the play arising from the
following position, which we take from page 39 of Tab/as by L.Verjovsky (Barcelona,
1973):
'44 h6+! �h6 45 e7 Itb8 46 �cl �g7 47 e8=1f! Itxe8 48 �b2 Ite2 49 �at!
Itxc2 Drawn.'
This position is labelled 'Teichman-Marbl, Leipzig, 1 9 1 3', but, despite the precise
move numbers, it is difficult not to have suspicions. Can a reader trace the game or the
position elsewhere? Presumably Richard Teichmann is meant, but we can hardly
believe that Black was the problemist Murray Marble ( 1 885- 19 1 9).
The same book (pages 39-40) gives a further example of the theme, 'Gusev-Jugovitski,
Alma Ata, 1958':
White played 70 i.g2 ('??') and had to resign after 70 ... c.&>a3 71 .ttl Itc2. He could
have forced a draw by 70 i.d5+ c.&>a3 7 1 i.g2 Ith5 72 i.d5. (1658)
Positions 23
From Ken Whyld:
'I looked in Verkhovsky's Nichya! (second edition, Moscow, 1979) to see how
the games were given there, and they are still Teichman andMarbl (but Gusev's
opponent is Zhukhovitsky). There was another Teichmann active at that time, a
committee member of the Berlin-Treptow club, but I know nothing about him.
Murray Marble is quite unlikely. ' (1699)
Rene Olthof writes:

' Going through volume 45 of Chess Informant, I noticed in the endgame
section (page 382) the game Hedge-Palatnik, Ca/icut, 1988, which is a neat
addition to C.N. 1658. Infact, it is an exact mirror image ofthe annotation given
to Gusev v Zhukhovitsky, Alma Ata, 1958. ' (1 740)
From Jack O'Keefe:

'C.N. 1 740 pointed out that Hedge-Palatnik, Ca/icut, 1988, was anticipated by
Gusev-Zhukhovitsky, Alma A ta, 1958. As shown in Das 1 x 1 des Endspiels by
Staudte and Milescu (page 66), the latter game was anticipated by a Mouterde
endgame study in La Strategie, 1923.
1 h8=11 'fl.xh8 2 i.d5 'fl.h2 3 j.g2 Drawn.

Since both Gusev and GM Pa/atnik lost a drawn position, this is one more
argument for the practical value of studying composed endings. ' (1839)
A Capablanca position?
The following position appears on page 1 7 of the June 1988 Europa-Rochade:

'Capablanca v N.N., Simultaneous Exhibition'. No date is given. White won by

1 1!¥xd8+ I!xd8 2 f8=1!¥+ I!xf8 3 I!xf8+ �xf8 4 �f7 mate.
Never having seen this position before, we should like to know whether Capablanca
really was involved. (1670)
Bishop v knight
An interesting bishop v knight ending appeared with analysis by Alekhine on page 1 1 7

of Legado!. It occurred in a game between Salomon and Pomar in the 1945 Castile
Championship and contains a wide variety of sacrifices in an apparently
straightforward endgame:
(Notes by Alekhine ):
'The sealed move 40 a3 makes it easier for Black to win. 40 b4 was
preferable. Let us see how the game continued:
40 ... aS 41 b4 a4 42 �h2 f4
Threatening 43 ... fxg3+ 44 i.xg3 �xg3 45 �xg3 �h5 and wins.
Positions 25
43 gxf4 �f6
Preventing the h-pawn from advancing.
44 J.d2 �5 45 Wg2 �e4
45 . . . <it>e4 would also win. For example: 46 Wg3 'i&d3 47 .te l 'i&c2 (not 47 ...
'i&e2 because of 48 J.f2 �e4+ 49 Wxg4 'Ct>xf2 50 h5 'i&e3 5 1 h6 �f6+ 52 'i&g5
�h7+ 53 'i&g6 �f8+ 54 Wf7 �h7 55 'i&g7 and wins) 48 h5 �xh5+ 49 'i&xg4
�xf4 50 'i&xf4 Wb2 5 1 .td2 wxa3 52 .te l + wb3 53 'Ct>e5 wxc3 and wins.
46 .tel 'i&g6! 47 f5+ Wxf5
47 . . . Wh5 also won. For instance: 48 J.f4 Wxh4 49 J.h2 g3! 50 J.xg3+ 'i&g4
5 1 f6 �xf6 52 'i&h2 �e4 53 .te l 'i&f4 and wins.
48 h5 �xe3 49 h6 'i&g6 50 J.e3 �e4
The accurate move was 50 . . . �b 1 ! , after which there would follow: 5 1 .tel
�xa3 52 .txa3 Wxh6 53 'i&f2 'i&g5 54 J.c 1 + 'i&f5 55 'i&e3 g3 56 Wf3 g2 57 'i&xg2
'i&e4 58 J.b2 Wd3 and wins.
51 'i&h2?
Instead of 5 1 'i&h2? he should play 5 1 .tf4 �c3 52 .tel �e2 53 J.e3 �xd4
54 J.xd4 'i&xh6 55 'i&g3 'i&g5 56 J.b6 'i&f5 57 J.c5 'i&e4 58 'i&xg4 d4 59 'i&g3 'Ct>d3
60 Wf2 'i&c3 and draws. Or 5 1 J.f4 �c3 52 .tel ! (sic) �a2 53 J.d2 �xb4 54
J.xb4 Wxh6 55 'i&f2 'i&g5 56 J.d6 ! ! , ensuring a draw.
51 ... �d6 52 .tel �f5 53 J.d2 �xh6 54 'i&g3 �f5+ 55 'i&xg4 �xd4 56 'i&f4
'i&f7 57 J.e3 �e2 58 .tel 'i&e6 59 J.b2 'i&d6 60 J,e5+ 'i&d7 61 J.b2 e5 62 bxe5
'i&e6 63 Resigns.' (171 0)
Knight ending
The position below (White to move) should be studied for about thirty seconds before
the accompanying text is read:
Ken Neat has drawn our attention to an episode related on page 35 of the book
Kapablanka v Rossii by V. Linder and !.Linder (Moscow, 1988). The co-authors quote
an account by Romanovsky in Shakhmaty v SSSR 1959 No. 6 of a simultaneous display

by Capablanca in St Petersburg on 24 November 1 9 1 3 (old style). He scored +24 -3 =3.
The relevant extract, in K.N.'s translation:
'A more tenacious resistance to Capablanca was offered by Kalantarov, one
of Romanovsky's friends from the Polytechnic Institute. [In the above
position] it was the grandmaster's turn to move. Kalantarov and his
consultants, including Romanovsky, expected 46 �e7, since they thought
that after 46 �f7 the knights would be exchanged, and the pawn ending
would favour Black. Great was their astonishment when Capablanca
nevertheless played his king to f7. The players rapidly made two more moves
each: 46 ... ltlg5+ 47 ltlxg5 fxg5 48 g4! . "This move," recalls Romanovsky,
"as well as all those following, was made instantly by Capablanca." When
the Cuban had moved away from the board, they began calculating
variations, and saw that in the event of 48 . . . a5 White would continue 49 h4
gxh4 50 g5, when the g-pawn decides the game in his favour. Therefore there
followed: 48 . . . 'ifth7 49 h4 'ifth6 50 'i!?f6! (if now 50 . . . gxh4 then 5 1 g5+
'i!;>h7 52 'ift£7 h3 53 g6+ and White wins) 50 ... 'i!?h7 5 1 h5! a5 52 �e5 Black
resigns.' (1715)
From Rene Olthof:

'I used C.N. 1 715 in one of my training sessions and now I think the position is
nothing special.
First of all, 48 g41 is not necessary at all. In fact, the normal 48 h4 is much
easier, viz. 48 . . . g4 49 �e6 a5 50 �d5 or 48 . . . gxh4 49 g4 h3 50 g5 h2
51 g6 hl='fll 52 g7+ Wh 7 53 g8='fll + �h6 54 'flig6 mate.
Of course, 46 ... lbg5+ is horrendous. After normal moves like 46 ... lbg7
I consider the position to be drawn, since the outside passed a-pawn is too
troublesome for White. Hence, 46 'ifte7 and 46 Wj7 are objectively equal, since
neither is enough to win. (46 'iftj7 does set a trap, though.)' (1 741)
Chapter 2
Games
He never won anything
'Probably the strongest player who never won anything' is how Heidenfeld describes
Philipp Hirschfeld ( 1 840- 1 896) in Golombek's The Encyclopedia of Chess (Batsford,
1977). Hirschfeld never played in a tournament and either lost or drew all of his
matches. Some idea of his skill, though, is given by this defeat of Adolf Anderssen:
P.Hirschfeld-A.Anderssen, Berlin, July 1 860. Evans Gambit Accepted.
1 e4 e5 2 liJf3 lL!c6 3 .tc4 .tc5 4 b4 .txb4 5 c3 .ta5 6 d4 exd4 7 0-0 dxc3 8 !¥b3 �f6
9 e5 �g6 10 lL!xc3 .txc3 11 1!fxc3 lL!ge7 12 lL!g5 liJd8 13 .te3 h6 14 liJh3 b6 15 liJf4
�c6 16 1!fb3 lL!e6 1 7 lL!xe6 fxe6 18 lUd1 �e4 19 lid4 �xeS 20 liad1 liJfS
21 .txe6 liJxd4 22 .tf7+ eMS 23 .txd4 �f5 24 .td5 c6 25 �a3+ We8 26 lie1 +
Wd8 27 �e7+ wc7 28 .te5+ wb7 29 .txc6+ Wxc6 30 1/fd6+ Wb7 31 �d5+ Wa6
32 lie4 b5 33 a4 JibS 34 axbS+ lixbS 35 lia4+ Wb6 36 �d6+ Resigns.
Just to repeat, Anderssen was Black.
Source: Adolf Anderssen by H. von Gottschall, page 190. (3)
Michael Squires wonders whether any of Anderssen's victories in the encounter with
Hirschfeld are extant. The standard collections give none. He also points out that
Golombek's book suggests that the 'match' took place in 1 86 1 , while other sources say
1 860.1
Granville Whatmough quotes from The Amenities and Background of Chess-Play
by William Ewart Napier:
'Philipp Hirschfeld, chief of the inveterately unsung, is now for the first time
in our anthology fetched from that rich limbo which is the shame and
byproduct of reckless hero worship. He was born about 1 840, on the Baltic in
Prussia. Dr Max Lange in 1 859 selected this youth as co-editor of the
Deutsche Schachzeitung. It was Hirschfeld's great good fortune to gain
distinction as an academician, a chess master and a magnate in commerce.
He settled in London, where he became promoter and patron of the game
which he had graced as a player.' (1 14)
Games 29
Multiple queen sacrifices
A game that will be familiar to all readers is the Adams-Torre brilliancy, 2 in which
White made a string of queen offers based on the threat of back-rank mate. Here is a
game that develops along rather similar lines, taken from pages 95-96 of Estrategia y
Tdctica en Ajedrez by Lorenzo Ponce-Sal a (Ediciones Zeus, Barcelona, 1975). It features
the author in action during a third category 'Campeonato Social' at the Barcelona
Chess Club:
L.Ponce-Sala-J.Parpal, Barcelona, 1950. Sicilian Defence.
(Notes - and punctuation - by the winner)
1 e4 c5 2 ll::lf3 d6 3 d4 cxd4 4 ll::lxd4 ll::lf6 5 ll::lc3 g6 6 i.e2 ll::lc6 7 i.e3 i.g7 8 f4 �6
9 ll::lf5! 1Wxb2 10 ll::lxg7+ <M8 1 1 i.d2 <t>xg7 12 llb1 t¥a3 13 0-0 ll::ld4 14 e5! ll::lxe2+
15 t¥xe2 dxe5 16 fxe5 '@c5+ 1 7 i.e3! 1Wxc3 18 exf6+ exf6 19 llb3 '@e5 20 Wd2 i.f5
21 i.h6+ 'lt>g8 22 lle1 '@c5+ 23 'lt>h1 1!¥xc2
24 llbe3!! '@c6 (Forced. The threat was 25 lle8+ ! ! and mate next move.) 25 '@d5!!
(Another queen offer. White threatens: a) 261!¥xc6, followed by 27 lle8+ ! ; b) 261!¥xf5!
gxf5 27 llg3 mate; c) 26 '@xf7+! ! <t>xf7 27 lle7+ <t>g8 28 llg7+ <t>f8 29 llxb7+ <t>g8
30 llg7+ 'lt>f8 3 1 llxa7+ <t>g8 32 llg7+ Wf8 33 llc7+ Wg8 34 llxc6, winning, since
if 34 . . Wf7 t hen 35 llc7+ 'lt>g8 36 llg7+ 'lt>f8 37 lla7+, and if 34 . . . llxa2 then 35
.
llxf6! .) 25 ... i.e6! 26 '@d4! (Threatens 271!¥xf6 and mate on g7 cannot be prevented.)
26 ... i.d7 (Forced. If 26 . . . i.xa2? 27 1!¥xf6! '@xf6 28 lle8+!, winning.) 27 lle6!!
(Obstructing the black queen.) 27 ... fxe6 28 Wxf6 Resigns.
Queen sacrifices, threats of back-rank mate, obstructive rook sacrifice, see-saw
combination - after all that it is almost banal to say that Ponce-Sala's game deserves
to be much better known. (53)
Rollicking
'A rollicking game' is the description to be found on page 295 of The Year-Book of
Chess, 1914, edited by M.W.Stevens (London, 1 9 1 5) with reference to this game.
P.A.MacMahon-J.Schumer, Occasion ? Danish Gambit.

1 e4 e5 2 d4 exd4 3 c3 d5 4 exd5 'fi'xd5 5 ll:Jf3 i.g4 6 'fi'a4+ ll:Jd7 7 ll:Jxd4 ll:Jf6 S i.e3
i.d6 9 ll:Jd2 0-0 10 f3 ll:Jc5 1 1 1Wc2 lUeS 12 <M2 lixe3 13 'ltxe3 lieS+ 14 <M2 1We5
15 ll:Jc4 1Wf4 16 g3 ll:Jce4+ 1 7 'ltg2 ll:Jxg3 1S ll:Jxd6 lie3 19 fxg4 ll:Jxg4
20 'fi'xh7+ � 21 '@'hS+ 'lte7 22 WeS+ 'ltxd6 23 ll:Jf5+ ll:Jxf5 24 lid1 + lid3 25

lixd3+ �c5 26 b4+ �b6 27 'itb5+ �b5 2S lif3+ Resigns. (67)
Another brilliancy
The following game appeared in the pages of the Times Literary Supplement (4
September 1 9 1 9) and was played in a minor match Hastings v Tunbridge Wells on
16 August that year.
P.H.Williams-W.D.Wight. Scotch Game.
1 e4 e5 2 ll:Jf3 ll:Jc6 3 d4 exd4 4 ll:Jxd4 g6 5 f4 d6 6 i.c4 i.g7 7 ll:Jf3 i.e6 S 'fi'd3 '@'d7
9 0-0 i.xc4 10 Wxc4 0-0-0 1 1 ll:Jc3 f6 12 i.e3 a6 13 a4 ll:Jh6 14 ll:Jd5 lideS 15 i.b6
'fi'e6 16 i.xc7 't!fxe4 1 7 ll:Jd2 '!Wd4+ 1S 'fi'xd4 ll:Jxd4 19 ll:Jc4 \W7 20 i.xd6 ll:Jhf5
21 lifd1 ll:Je2+ 22 �h1 ll:Jxd6 23 ll:Jdb6+ 'ltc7 24 lixd6 i.f8 25 lid7+ �6 26 c3 i.c5
w
Games 31
27 �a5+ ..t>xb6 28 llxb7+ ..t>xa5 29 b4+ and mates next move. 'A brilliant ending',
the TLS observes. (1 1 7)
Jacques Mieses
Mieses was a curious figure in the history of chess. He never seemed to win very much
and made a minimal contribution to chess literature, yet his name will always be
remembered with great respect and affection. This is in large part due to the debonair
attacking style of his play; he simply won a great number of beautiful games.
J.G.Heftye-J.Mieses, Sweden, 1 902. Giuoco Piano.
1 e4 e5 2 �f3 �c6 3 i.c4 �f6 4 �c3 i.c5 5 d3 d6 6 i.e3 i.g4 7 i.b5 i.b6 8 i.g5
0-0 9 �d5 �d4 (This game provides a good illustration of the dictum that in chess
symmetry often ends in violence. )3 10 i.c4
10 ... �xd5 11 i.xd8 �f4 12 0-0 llaxd8 13 c3 �xf3+ 14 gxf3 i.h3 15 a4 d5

16 i.xd5 lld6 17 ..t>h1 i.g2+ 18 <it>g1 llg6 19 Resigns.
Source: Times Literary Supplement, 1902, page 328. (Exact occasion not given -
��m ��
Sacrifices on an empty square
As C.H.O'D.Alexander pointed out in The Penguin Book of Chess Positions, page 1 7,

attacks on unoccupied squares can be difficult to see - even for experienced players.
Here is a neat example of J.H.Blackburne finding a lovely knight move that leaves this
piece open to capture three ways.
J.H.Blackburne (simultaneous)-Amateur, Canterbury, 1903. Muzio Gambit.
(Notes - and how characteristic they are - by Blackburne)
1 e4 e5 2 f4 exf4 (On this occasion, to follow the fashion, I offered the King's Gambit
wherever I had the chance; and to my utter astonishment, nearly all were accepted.
'That's the way to learn chess', said I.) 3 ll:Jf3 g5 4 �c4 g4 5 �xf7+ (An almost
obsolete variation. Some 40 years ago or more, I frequently played it, but came to the
conclusion that it did not lead to such a lasting attack as the ordinary Muzio. When
I sacrificed the bishop, one of the lookers-on asked what Gambit I called that, pointing
to the next board. 'That' , I said, 'is the Bishop's Gambit, and this is the Archbishop's'.
The Archbishop was present at the time.) 5 ... <tlxf7 6 ll:Je5+ �8 (The only move.
Any other loses immediately.) 7 '@xg4 '@f6 (The correct reply is 7 . . li:lf6.) 8 d4 .th6
.
9 0-0 f.fg7 10 '@b5+ �7 11 �xf4 hf4 12 Itxf4 li:lf6 13 '@b4 d6 14 li:lc3 c6 15 Itafl
Itf8
16 ll:Jf7 ( 1 6 ll:Jxc6+ would equally have won, but I could not resist this; it is the sort
of move sure to intimidate the ordinary amateur. Anyway it somewhat non-plussed
my opponent, for he immediately exclaimed, 'What have you taken?'.) 16 ... Itxf7
17 e5 dxe5 18 dxe5 li:ld7 19 exf6+ li:lxf6 20 ll:Je4 �e6 21 ll:Jxf6 <M8 22 li:lxh7+ ®g8
23 Itxf7 �xf7 24 li:lf6+ <M8 25 f.fb4+ Resigns ('How's that, umpire?')
Source: BCM, September 1903, page 392.4 (1 82)
W.H.Cozens sends the following little game with a quite superb final move:
R.Grau-A.Guerra Boneo, Argentine National Tournament, Buenos Aires, 192 1 .
Vienna Game.
1 e4 e5 2 li:lc3 li:lf6 3 �c4 �c5 4 d3 d6 5 f4 ll:Jc6 6 f5 ll:Ja5 7 �g5 ll:Jxc4 8 dxc4 c6
9 '@d3 a6 10 ll:Jf3 b5 11 0-0-0 'ti'b6 12 h3 Itb8 13 cxb5 axb5 14 hf6 gxf6 15 li:ld2
<:$Je7 16 li:lb3 Ita8 1 7 ll:Jxc5 '@xc5 18 Itd2 b4 19 li:lb1 Itxa2 20 Ithd1 Itd8 21 g4 h6
22 h4 Ita1 23 g5 f.fa5 24 gxf6+ <tlxf6 25 f.fe3 f.fa2 26 '@xh6+ <:$Je7 27 f.fg5+ �8
28 'it'g8+ �7 29 f6+ 'it>e6
Games 33
30 !fe8+ Resigns.
Source: Partidas Magistrales de Roberto Grau, pages 1 3- 1 6. (467)
SSKK Bulletinen
Two entertaining games caught our eye in issue 1 70 of SSKK Bul/etinen (4/ 1 982).
SSKK, as every schoolboy knows, stands for Sveriges Schackforbunds Korrespondens
schackkommitte.
Y.Seger-H.Andersson, Oldboys-SM, 1962 (Final). Sicilian Defence.
1 e4 c5 2 li:lf3 d6 3 d4 cxd4 4 li:lxd4 li:lf6 5 li:lc3 a6 6 i.c4 g6 7 f4 e6 8 0-0 i.g7 9 f5 b5
10 i.b3 e5 1 1 li:lf3 gxf5 12 li:lg5 !fb6+ 13 �h1 Ila7 14 exf5 Ild7 15 li:le6 Ilg8 16 i.g5
i.b7 17 i.xf6 i.xf6 18 i.d5 b4 19 li:le4 �7 20 li:lxf6 �f6
21 'MIS fxe6 22 fxe6+ �7 23 "t!lg5+ <it>h8 241!t'xg8+ <it>xg8 25 e7+, and Black resigned,
just in time to keep the game a miniature.
The second game has an unusual queen sacrifice which exploits White's neglect of
proper development.
B.Wiker-K.Sandehn, Lag-SM, 1982. French Defence.

1 e4 e6 l d4 d5 3 lilc3 i.b4 4 e5 c5 5 a3 .txc3+ 6 bxc3 lt:\e7 7 'ti'g4 0-0 8 i.d3 c4
9 .tel 1Wa5 10 i.dl lt:lbc6 1 1 lilh3 f6 1l f4 .td7 13 lift b5 14 lif3 �a4 15 i.d1 b4
16 exf6 lixf6 1 7 lilg5 h6 18 lih3
18 ... �xa3 1 9 lib1 !Val lO lixb4 lt:lxb4 l1 cxb4 liaf8 ll li:lf3 c3 l3 .te3 lilf5
l4 .tf2 !t'bl l5 lt:\e5 i.b5 l6 'ti'f3 lilxd4 l7 i.xd4 lixf4 l8 1!t'xc3 lift+ l9 ct:dl
lixd1 + 30 Wxd1 lift+ 31 Resigns. (282)
W .H.Cozens reacts to our words 'just in time to keep the game a miniature':
' What is the precedent for calling a game of 25 moves (or fewer) a miniature?
I have seen the name used in various senses. The Dictionnaire des Echecs, for
instance, says, unequivocally, "A short game, lasting 20 moves or fewer".
Who can (or needs to) lay down the law on such matters? A miniature is a
short game. I leave it at that.
In the problem world, of course, the usage has a definite meaning - not more
than seven pieces - though who laid this down, and when, I don't know. I have
assumed that the convention datesfrom Blumenthal's Schachminiaturen (1902)
but perhaps some problem specialist will put me right on that. Wallis' 777
"Miniatures in Three" says ". . . it is pretty well /aid down . . . ". Thefour authors
of The Chess Problem, that authoritative tome of 1 887, do not seem to use the
word. (Such an idea, anyway, would have been repulsive to any one of them, I
suspect!)' (471)
More fine chess
The SSKK Bulletinen continues to offer plenty of fine chess. From issue 1 7 1 (5/1 982)
we pick this game:
Novosibirsk-Saratov, 'Telegraph Match, 1960'. King's Indian Defence.
1 d4 lt:\f6 l c4 g6 3 lilc3 i.g7 4 e4 d6 5 f3 0-0 6 li:lgel lilbd7 7 .te3 e5 8 !t'dl c6 9 d5
Games 35
cxd5 10 cxd5 a6 1 1 0-0-0 (SSKK recommends 1 1 g4. Queenside castling in this position
is far too risky. ) 1 1 ... b5 12 ct>b1 tt:lb6 13 tt:lc1 b4 14 i.xb6 bxc3 15 'We3 Itb8 16 i.xd8
Itxb2+ 17 ct>a1
17 ... c2 18 lt:Jb3 cxd1=1!¥+ 19 Wxb2 Itxd8 20 Itg1 tt:lxd5 21 exd5 'Wxd5 22 '!¥b6
Ite8 23 Resigns. (297)
The pin
Games are sought which exemplify the various tactical and strategical devices.
The less well-known the better. We begin with the pin and would welcome cases
where one player is totally tied up by this means. An example is the fabulous game
Kovacevic-Seirawan, Wijk aan Zee, 1980. An old favourite of ours, almost never
reprinted by writers, is the following:
H.Fahrni-B.Maliutin, Triberg Tournament, 4 May 1 9 16. Ruy Lopez.
(Notes are abbreviated from Maliutin's own.)
1 e4 e5 2 tt:lf3 tt:lc6 3 i.b5 tt:lf6 4 d3 d6 5 h3 i.e7 6 tt:lc3 0-0 7 i.e3 i.d7 8 0-0 a6 9 i.a4
b5 10 i.b3 lt:Ja5 1 1 tt:le2 c5 1 2 c3 'Wc7 13 i.g5 ( 1 3 i.c2 d5) 13 ... tt:lxb3 14 axb3 i.e6
15 c4 (A strategic error. ) 15 ... h6 16 i.d2 Wh7 1 7 tt:lg3 'Wd7 18 'it>h2 tt:lg8 (I came to
the conclusion that the way to push the pawns was . . . g6, followed by ... f5 and ... f4.)
19 tt:le1 g5 (White's rejoinder provokes an alteration in Black's plan. It is now
necessary to prevent White from playing f4.) 20 f3 Itfb8 (20 . . . f5 would have been
advisable without delay.) 21 Ita2 i.f8 22 tt:lc2 f5 23 'Wa1 (An unaccountable error.
23 exf5 i.xf5 24 tt:lxf5 'Wxf5 ought to have been played.) 23 ... f4 24 tt:lh1 tt:lf6 25 i.c3
!t'b7 26 !t'd1 i.e7 27 'We2 Itg8 28 tt:lf2 h5 29 Ith1 Itg6 (Ifl had taken into consideration
White's reply, I should have played ... b4 and then proceeded calmly with the offensive
on the kingside. ) 30 b4 aS 31 Itxa5 Itxa5 32 bxa5 b4 33 i.d2 i.d8 34 d4 .txa5 35 dxe5
dxe5 36 b3 g4 37 hxg4 hxg4 38 'it>g1 + 'it>g8 39 tt:le1 t!lg7 40 tt:lfd3 Itg5 41 'it>fl tt:lh5
42 Itxh5 Itxh5 43 'Wf2 Ith1+ 44 'it>e2 i.b6 45 fxg4 i.xg4+ 46 tt:lf3. M7 47 tt:lxc5 Wa7
48 i.xb4 Wa2+ 49 .td2
49 ... 'ti'c2 50 Resigns. (A curious position. White's pieces are as good as stalemated,
the few moves possible resulting in mates.)
Source: The 'British Chess Magazine' Chess Annual, 1916, pages 120- 1 2 1 . (349)
Brilliant Janowsky5
D.Janowsky-H.W.Trenchard, Vienna, 25 July 1 898. Ruy Lopez.

1 e4 e5 2 lbf3 lbc6 3 .i.b5 f5 4 d3 fxe4 5 dxe4 d6 6 lbc3 lbf6 7 .i.g5 .i.e7 8 .i.c4 lba5
9 'ti'e2 .i_g4 10 0-0-0 'ti'c8 11 h3 lbxc4 12 hxg4 lbb6 13 .i.xf6 .i.xf6 14 g5 .i.e7 15 g6
h6 16 'ti'b5+ 'ti'd7 17 'ti'b3 .if6 18 a4 a5 19 lbb5 lbc8 20 g4 llf8 21 llh5 !fc6 22 !fe6+
lbe7
23 g5 hxg5 24 lldh1 Wd8 25 llh8 'ti'e8 26 lbxd6 cxd6 27 !fxd6+ <t>c8 28 'ireS+ Wb8
29 lbxe5 AxeS 30 'ti'xe5+ Wa7 31 'ti'xa5+ Wb8 32 'ireS+ <t>a7 33 !fd4+ Wb8 34 !fxg7
ltJxg6 35 111h7 lla7 36 llxf8 'ti'xf8 37 'ti'c7+ Wa8 38 lld7 Resigns.
Source: Wiener Schachzeitung, September 1 898, pages 144- 145.
Games 37
A.Ettlinger-D.Janowsky, New York, December 1 898. Falkbeer Counter-Gambit.

1 e4 e5 2 f4 d5 3 lt::lf3 dxe4 4 lt::lxe5 i.c5 5 lt::lc3 lt::lf6 6 'ti'e2 lt::lc6 7 lt::lxf7 'ti'e7 8 lt::lxh8
lt::ld4 9 'ti'd1
9 . .. lt::lf3+ 10 �2 (If 10 gxf3 exf3+ 1 1 i.e2 f2+ 12 ®f1 i.h3 and, as Jon Speelman
would say, 'Splat' .) 10 ... i.g4 11 Resigns.
Source: Wiener Schachzeitung, May 1 899, page 79.
D.Janowsky-S.A . . . r,6 Vienna, 20 October 1900. Remove White's queen's knight .

1 f4 d5 2 e3 e6 3 lt::lf3 lt::lf6 4 b3 i.e7 5 i.b2 c5 6 lt::le5 0-0 7 i.d3 lt::lc6 8 'ti'f3 lt::lb4 9 g4
lt::lxd3+ 10 cxd3 b6 11 g5 lt::ld7 12 lt::lg4 i.a6 l3 lt::lf2 f6 14 h4! i.b7 15 We2 'ti'c7 16 g6
h6 17 lt::lg4 d4 18 'tih3 i.xh1 19 lt::lxh6+ Wh8 20 'ti'g4 (The magazine points out that
if 20 'ti'xe6 with visions of a kind of smothered mate then 20 ... lt::le5 2 1 fxe5 gxh6.)
20 ... 'ti'c6 21 lt::lf7+ Wg8 22 iixh1 lhf7
23 :S.g1 ('Noch ein Problemzug' , says the W. Sz. , pointing out the line 23 'ti'h5
'ti'g2+ 24 Wd 1 'ti'xh l+ 25 Wc2 i.d6.) 23 ... f5 24 'int5 lt::lf6 25 gxf7+ 'Stf8 26 1!Vh8+
Wxf7 27 lixg7 mate.
Source: Wiener Schachzeitung, January 190 1 , pages 1 6- 17.
S.Aiapin-D.Janowsky, Prague, 26 May 1908. King's Gambit Declined.

1 e4 e5 2 f4 i.c5 3 lLlf3 d6 4 lLlc3 lLlc6 5 lLla4 i.b6 6 lLlxb6 axb6 7 d3 lLlf6 8 i.e2 0-0
9 0-0 lle8 10 c3 We7 1 1 h3 i.d7 12 i.e3 exf4 13 i.xf4 lbxe4 14 dxe4 Wxe4 15 lLld4
lLlxd4 16 i.d3 lbe2+ 17 'it>h1
17 ... Wxf4 18 Itxf4 lLlxf4 19 i.fl .ic6 20 Wg4 Jle4 21 'it>h2 llae8 22 llad1 lLld5
23 Wg3 lLle3 24 Itc1 It4e6 25 Wf2 lif6 26 Wg1 h5 27 c4 h4 28 b4 llg6 29 a4 lbxfl+
30 �xfl llxg2+ 31 �xg2 .ixg2 32 'it>xg2 lle3 33 c5 bxc5 34 bxc5 dxc5 35 llxc5 c6 36 llc4
g5 37 llb4 llg3+ 38 'it>h2 lia3 39 'it>g2 'it>g7 40 .ti:xb7 llxa4 41 llc7 llc4 42 Resigns.
Source: Wiener Schachzeitung, July-August 1908, pages 224-225. (351 )
Fine mating combination
H. von Ehlert-P.Bohl, Riga Tournament (Brilliancy Prize), 190 1 . Ruy Lopez.

I e4 e5 2 lt:Jf3 lt:Jc6 3 i.b5 a6 4 i.a4 li:Jf6 5 d4 exd4 6 0-0 .ie7 7 e5 lt:Je4 8 lt:Jxd4 lt:Jc5
9 lt:JfS h5 I 0 lt:Jxg7+ 'it>f8 11 lbxh5 lt:\xe5 12 lt:\c3 d6 13 h3 lt:\xa4 14 lt:\xa4 .txh3
15 4Jf4 i.g4 16 f3 i.d7 17 lt:\c3 i.h4 18 lt:\e4 .ib5 19 lt:\e2 d5 20 lt:\4c3 �d6 21 lLlxb5
axb5 22 .tf4 lla4 23 i.e3
Games 39
23 ... �g4 24 fxg4 1Wh2+ 25 Wxh2 .in+ and mate next move.
Source: Wiener Schachzeitung, October-November 1907, pages 337-338. (352)
Bizarre terms
A peculiar game is to be found on pages 1 32- 1 33 of the April-May 1 9 12 Wiener

Schachzeitung. White played without his queen, Black without his queen's rook.
As compensation White could make six moves before Black replied (presumably
being restricted to the first four ranks).
K.Andreaschek-Dr Robert M., Olmiitz, 1 3 March 1 90 1 .
1-5 e4, d4, �c3, f4, �f3, 6 i.c4 d6 7 h3 �d7 8 i.xf7+ c:l;xf7 9 �g5+ <M6 1 0 �d5+
�g6 11 f5+ c:i;h6 12 �f7+ �h5 13 g4+ �h4 14 'iM2 e5 15 �e3 and mate next move
by 1 6 �g2.
Any other good examples of players offering their opponents the right to open
in such a way? (356)
C.N. 356 reminds Philipp Mottet of an incident reported by Theo Schuster on pages
35-36 of Schachkuriosa. In Berlin in 1 898 Winawer agreed to play a game with an
unknown amateur, with 'X' receiving the right to play for five minutes with the white
pieces, none being authorised to go further than the fourth rank. White played 1 a4
2 �a3 3 h4 4 �f3 5 d4 6 �d2 7 l:th3 8 �ac4 9 l:taa3 10 �e4 1 1 !Vd2 1 2 l:thf3 1 3 g3
14 i.h3 1 5 't!Vf4 1 6 l:tae3 and the rest of the time played with his king. Winawer left
without making a move - he is mated in two.
One never knows whether such stories are to be believed. (463)
From Frank Skoff:

'As to C.N. 463, the same position is given in Fine's Chess The Easy Way,
(David McKay, 1942), page 30, although his order of moves differs from that
given by Schuster. Fine comments before giving his answer:
"Even if you were limited to the first four ranks, you could force
an overwhelming position quickly. Make sixteen moves, and you can
maneuver in such a way that mate in two is unavoidable. (Odds of
'Make as many moves as you like' are occasionally given, even to strong
players, so that the best continuation is worth reproduction here.)"
He then gives the 16 moves.
The position may be something some problemist, like Sam Loyd, would like
to propound to the public, though I have no hard facts in that respect. It also
suggests that many of the anecdotes attributed to various masters throughout
chess history must be sceptically viewed until their sources are checked, if any.
In the field of history, I am sure that many of the quotes - at least some -
attributed to Winston Churchill are dubious, to say the least; and Abraham
Lincoln has had so many foisted on him that Lincoln scholars could fill a
book with them. It seems a human proclivity to weave stories around heroes,
borrowing old ones if necessary to do so. ' (475)
We now note that the sixteen moves were given on page 20 of the January 1 899 BCM,
White being 'a well-known chess master'. The source mentioned is Alapin's column
in Schachfreund. (1427)
Hans-Georg Kleinhenz informs us that on pages 298-299 of the September 1 864

Deutsche Schachzeitung there is a feature on this subject by von der Lasa. The October
issue (pages 333-335) gave a number of variations on the theme, including the method
published in the January 1 899 BCM and mentioned in C.N. 1427. (1 493)
Damiano's Defence
Should the following game be labelled 'The Immortal Damiano', or, perhaps, the only
good Damiano ever played?
R.Miinz-J.E.Krejcik, Vienna, 7 May 1 9 1 1 . Damiano's Defence.
1 e4 e5 2 li:lf3 f6 3 i.c4 b5 4 ·.txb5 i.b7 5 li:lc3 c6 6 i.c4 d5 7 exd5 cxd5 8 i.b5+ li:ld7
9 0-0 i.d6 10 d3 li:le7 11 li:le2 0-0 12 li:lg3 li:lc5 13 i.e3 li:le6 14 c4 d4 15 i.d2 li:lg6
16 li:le4 i.c7 17 c5 i.d5 18 '@a4 llb8 19 i.d7 llxb2 20 i.b4 a5 21 i.a3 lle2 22 c6
:ilf7 23 li:lfd2 li:lef4 24 li:lc4 li:lxd3 25 li:led6 llxd7 26 cxd7
26 ... i.xg2 27 '@b3 (The W Sz. analyses 27 Wxg2 li:lh4+ and wins.) 27 ...
i.d5 28 'ti'xd3 li:lf4 29 'ti'g3 llc2 30 llfe1 '@xd7 31 f3 '@h3 32 '@xh3 li:lxh3+ 33
Resigns.
Source: Wiener Schachzeitung, July-August 1 9 1 2, pages 199-200. (357)
Games 41
ll:la1
W.H.Cozens brings to our attention this game:

Fiorito-Groiss, between Holland and Austria by correspondence, circa 198 1 or 1982.
Sicilian Defence.
1 e4 c5 2 ll:lf3 d6 3 d4 cxd4 4 ll:lxd4 ll:lf6 5 ll:lc3 a6 6 i.g5 e6 7 f4 '@b6 8 't!fd2 Wxb2
9 ll:lb3 Wa3 10 i.xf6 gxf6 1 1 i.e2 ll:lc6 12 0-0 i.d7 13 i.h5 i.g7 14 llad1 0-0 15 llf3
liad8 16 f5 ll:le7 1 7 ll:lb1 'fi'xa2 18 't!fxd6 ll:lc6 19 ll:lc3 't!Vxc2
20 ll:la1 Resigns (owing to 20 . . . Wb2 2 1 llb l ) .

Has any other game ever finished with the move ll:la 1 ? (410)
Reti loss
An oddity is the way that one tactical circumstance (White's threat of a bishop
move to win the unprotected black queen) dominates almost the entire game that
follows:
J.Szekely-R.Reti, Temesvar, 13 August 1 9 1 2. French Defence.
1 e4 e6 2 d4 d5 3 ll:lc3 dxe4 4 ll:lxe4 ll:ld7 5 i.d3 ll:lgf6 6 ll:lf3 ll:lxe4 7 i.xe4 ll:lf6 8 i.d3
c5 9 0-0 cxd4 10 ll:lxd4 i.c5 11 i.e3 Wb6 12 b4 i.xd4 13 i.xd4 Wxb4 14 llb1 't!fd6
15 lle1
15 ... i.d7 (Castling, of course, is prevented by the theme of the game.) 16 i.e5
!fc5 17 Itxb7 i.c6 18 :S:c7 lt:ld5 19 i.d4 !fxd4 20 :S:xc6 :S:d8 21 :S:cxe6+ <tf8 22 :S:e8+
Resigns.
Source: Temesvar 1912 by Warren Goldman, pages 45-46. (541)
Check and mate
Sixten Johansson has found in Eero Book's entertaining Odod/iga partier och andra
schackkaserier ('Immortal games and other chess chats') this brevity:
E.Book-A.Hiidenheimo, Helsinki (Junior Tournament), 1924. Vienna Game.
1 e4 e5 2 lt:lc3 lt:lf6 3 i.c4 lt:lxe4 4 !fh5 lt:lg5 5 d4 lt:le6 6 d5 g6 7 dxe6 gxh5 8 exf7+ <3:Je7
9 i.g5+ <3;;d6 10 0-0-0+ <3;;c5 ( 1 0 . . <3;;c6) 11 :S:d5+ <3:Jxc4 12 b3+ <3:Jb4 13 :S:b5+
.
13 ... <3;;a 3 ( 1 3 . .. <3:Jxc3 14 lt:le2 mate is remarkable.) 14 lt:lb1+ 'iha2 15 :S:a5+ i.a3+
16 :S:xa3 mate. (648)
Games 43
Giuoco Forte
A.Aibin-S.Winawer, Nuremberg, 7 August 1 896. Giuoco Piano.

1 e4 e5 2 liJf3 liJc6 3 i.c4 i.c5 4 c3 lLlf6 5 0-0 lLlxe4 6 i.d5 lLlxf2 7 I!xf2 i.xf2+
8 <t>xf2 lLle7 9 '@b3 0-0 10 i.e4 d5 11 i.c2 e4 12 lLle1 lLlg6 13 c4 d4 14 '@g3 f5
15 <t>g1 c5 (The 'perfect' centre. )
16 d3 f4 17 't!Yf2 e3 18 't!Yf3 't!Yh4 19 't!Yd5+ c;tmS 20 lLlf3 't!Yf2+ 21 <t>h1 lLlh4 22 '@g5
i.h3 23 Resigns.
Source: tournament book, pages 254-255. (684)
Eternal vigilance
One of the best illustrations we know of the need for eternal vigilance. White coasts
along contentedly towards a grandmaster draw until . . .
F.Zita-K.Junge, Prague, 7 December 1 942. King's Indian Defence.
1 c4 lLlf6 2 lLlf3 g6 3 g3 i.g7 4 i.g2 0-0 5 0-0 d6 6 d4 lLlc6 7 lLlc3 e5 8 dxe5 dxe5
9 'ti'xd8 llxd8 10 i.g5 i.e6 11 i.xf6 i.xf6 12 lLle4 i.e7 13 b3 f6 14 I!fd1 I!xd1+
15 :i:lxd1 lidS 16 Ii:xd8+ lLlxd8 17 lLle1 f5 18 Resigns. He loses a piece.
Source: tournament book by Lachaga, page 14. (689)
Tassinari
Adriano Chicco sends a game from pages 2 1 6-2 1 7 of the Rivista Scacchistica ltaliana,
August 190 1 . Girolamo Tassinari's play is typically sharp and rather ahead of its
time (exploitation of the opponent's weaknesses) and, indeed, the annotator remarks
that the game seems as if it were played yesterday.
G.Tassinari-A. de Riviere, Paris (Cafe de Ia Regence), 3 September 1 853. Giuoco Piano.

1 e4 e5 2 .ic4 .ic5 3 ltJf3 ltJc6 4 c3 liJf6 5 0-0 d6 6 d4 exd4 7 cxd4 .ib6 S ltJc3 0-0
9 h3 ltJe7 10 .ig5 c6 1 1 e5 ltJeS 12 d5 dxe5 13 ltJxe5 liJd6 14 dxc6 ltJxc4 15 ltJxc4
(Position rather than material.) 15 ... 1!Vxd1 16 llaxd1 ltJxc6 17 ltJxb6 axb6 1S a3
.ie6 19 .ie3 .ic4 20 llfe1 b5 21 ltJe4 .ib3 22 lld7 ltJa5 23 ltJd6 .id5 24 .ic5 lltbS
25 .ib6 ltJc4 26 ltJxc4 .ixc4 27 llee7 (Nimzowitsch's 7th rank.) 27 ... lla6 2S llxb7
�f8 29 .ic5 llxb7 30 lle6+ Resigns. (712)
Little-known tournament games
Two little-known games, taken from the respective tournament books (reprinted in
the 1980s by Edition Olms, ZUrich):
P.Johner-D.Janowsky, Carlsbad, 9 September 1907. Queen's Gambit Declined.
1 d4 d5 2 c4 e6 3 ltJc3 liJf6 4 ltJf3 .ie7 5 .if4 0-0 6 e3 liJbd7 7 .id3 dxc4 S .ixc4 a6
9 0-0 b5 10 .ib3 .ib7 1 1 'fi'e2 c5 12 .ic2 'fi'b6 13 a3 llacS 14 dxc5 .ixc5 15 e4 g6
16 .ih6 lUeS 17 e5 ltJd5 1S ltJe4 .ie7 19 llac1 ltJc5 20 ltJeg5 a5 21 ltJd4 ltJf4 22 'We3
lt:\xg2 23 'ti'g3
23 ... lt:\d3 24 ltJgxe6 ltJxc1 25 llxcl .ih4 26 1!¥g4 llxe6 27 f3 llc4 2S Resigns.
An exceptional game in which both players make queen sacrifices:

R.Swiderski-H.Caro, Barmen, 1 8 August 1905. English Opening.
1 c4 e5 2 lt:\c3 ltJf6 3 g3 .ic5 4 .ig2 0-0 5 e3 ltJc6 6 ltJge2 lieS 7 0-0 e4 S 'Wc2! We7!
9 lt:lf4 ltJb4 10 'fi'b1 c6 11 a3 ltJa6 12 d4 exd3 13 1!¥xd3 d6 14 b4 .ib6 15 .ib2 ltJg4
16 lt:\e4 ltJe5 17 1!¥c3 f6 1S llad1 .ic7 19 h3 .if5 20 g4? ltJxg4 21 ltJg3 ltJh6 22 <,!,>h1
lladS 23 llg1 .ig6 24 ltJxg6 hxg6 25 .ie4 'We6 26 llg2 1!¥xh3+ 27 liih2 11t'g4 2S f3
'fi'xg3 29 llg1 Wxh2+ ! ! 30 �h2 d5+ 31 f4 liixe4 32 cxd5 <,!,>h7! 33 dxc6 liJf5 34 .1c1
lldeS 35 b5 ltJxe3 36 llhl ! .1xf4+ 37 c;!,>g1+ .1h6 3S bxa6 liig4+ 39 <,!,>fl ! liif4+
Games 45
40 Wg3 ll:\f5+ 41 Wg2 lie2+ 42 Wgl Jig4+ 43 wfl ll:\g3+??
44 'iWxg3! ! Jixg3 45 axb7! ! Jigg2 46 lixh6+! gxh6 47 b8='iW Jigfl+ 48 Wgl Jif5
49 'iWxa7+ 'it>g8 50 i.xh6 Jiel + 51 Wg2 lie2+ 52 Wg3 Resigns. (Punctuation follows
the tournament book.)
Little seems to be known about Swiderski. In his autobiography (pages 1 1 -12)
Marshall (Reinfeld?) writes: 'Swiderski, en passant, was a peculiar fellow. He made
very few friends, had a gentle but melancholy disposition, was a fine violinist, ate raw
meat, committed suicide a few years later.' In Lasker & His Contemporaries number
three, page 1 1 6, there is another Marshall quote: 'Of all the chess masters I ever met,
R. Swiderski of Germany was the most weird.' (751)
Shipley's scrapbooks
Dale Brandreth has produced bound volumes of reprints of Walter Penn Shipley's
scrapbooks, a fascinating discovery for any keen chess researcher. Hundreds of games,
mainly from the last decade of the 19th century but some from the early years of the
20th, have been culled from newspaper columns (few of which, alas, are identified) and
broadly arranged by opening. Below we give a number of games just seen for the first
time; none of them, as far as we have been able to check, appears in the standard
biographical collections of the players concerned. Can readers supply missing details
concerning date and place?
i) Kiirschner-S.Tarrasch. Ruy Lopez.
1 e4 e5 2 ll:\f3 ll:\c6 3 i.b5 a6 4 i.a4 d6 5 d4 i.d7 6 c3 ll:\ge7 7 0-0 g6 8 i.e3 i.g7
9 lt:lbd2 0-0 10 d5 ll:\b8 (or ' Kt home', to follow the original notation) 11 lt:le1 f5
12 i.g5 h6 13 i.xe7 'iWxe7 14 i.xd7 ll:\xd7 15 g3 f4 16 ll:\df3 g5 17 g4 ll:\f6 18 lt:ld2
'iWd7 19 f3 h5 20 h3 Wf7 21 ll:\d3 Jih8 22 �2 lih6 23 Jihl Jiah8 ('The whole game
is a splendid specimen of Dr Tarrasch's anaconda-like style of playing.' ) 24 c4 hxg4
25 fxg4
25 ... llxh3 26 llxh3 ltlxg4 27 llf3 ltlf6 28 ltlf2 g4 29 llb3 g3 30 ltlf3 ltlxe4 31 ltlg4
®e7 32 ltld4 exd4 33 'ti'e2 .ie5 34 llxb7 d3 35 'fi'xe4 'ti'xg4 36 <tlg1 llh1 + and wins.
Source: Volume 'A', page 28.
ii) M.Kiirschner and L.Regensburger-S.Tarrasch, Nuremberg. Ponziani Opening.

1 e4 e5 2 ltlf3 ltlc6 3 c3 f5 4 d4 d6 5 d5 ltlce7 6 .ib5+ c6 7 dxc6 bxc6 8 .ic4 'fi'c7
9 lt:lg5 li:lh6 10 f3 g6 11 a4 lib8 12 b4 fxe4 13 fxe4 .ig4 14 li:le6 'fi'd7 15 'fi'b3 d5
16 exd5 cxd5 17 li:lxf8 lixf8 18 .ib5
18 ... llxb5 19 .ixh6 1!'£5 20 .ixf8 'ti'e4+ 21 'it;d2 'it'xg2+ 22 �c1 1!¥xh1 + 23 �2
llb6 24 .txe7 �xe7 25 Resigns.
Source: Volume 'A', page 1 32. The score is acknowledged as taken from the
Frankfurt General Anzeiger.
iii) H.N.Pillsbury-von Zehn. Ponziani Opening.

'Pillsbury writes to a friend in this city that he had played two interesting games with
Count von Zehn, one of the strongest amateurs of the St Petersburg Chess Club.'
1 e4 e5 2 ltlf3 ltlc6 3 c3 ltlf6 4 d4 ltlxe4 5 d5 ltlb8 6 .id3 ltlc5 7 ltlxe5 ltlxd3+ 8 ltlxd3
.ie7 9 0-0 d6 10 'it'f3 0-0 11 ltld2 ltld7 12 ltlc4 lle8 13 .t£4 ltlf6 14 ltle3 .id7 15 llfe1
1!¥c8 16 .ig5 ltlxd5 17 ltlxd5 .ixg5
Games 47
'ifc8 16 i.g5 �xd5 17 �xd5 i.xg5 18 Itxe8+ i.xe8 19 Ite1 i.c6 20 �3b4 ('Kt(Q3)-K5'
is an evident misprint.) 20 ... 'fi'd7 21 h4 .txh4 22 @115 i.d8 23 �xc6 bxc6
24 'iff5 Resigns.
Source: Volume 'A', page 1 33.
iv) J.Mieses-J.Finn, New York, November 1903. Danish Gambit.

'The game between Jacques Mieses of Germany and Julius Finn, the ex-New York
State champion, at the Manhattan Chess Club Thursday night was productive of
the former's most brilliant effort. It was pronounced a gem of the first water by all
who had the privilege of witnessing the play.'
1 e4 e5 2 d4 exd4 3 c3 dxc3 4 i.c4 c2 5 'ifxc2 �c6 6 �c3 �f6 7 �f3 d6 8 i.g5 .te7
9 0-0-0 i.g4 10 e5 .txf3 11 exf6 gxf6 12 gxf3 fxg5 13 'ti'f5 �e5
14 llhe1 �xc4 15 �d5 �e5 16 Itxe5 dxe5 17 't!fxe5 f6 18 �xc7+ <tf8 19 �e6+
Wg8 20 llxd8+ Itxd8 21 Wc7 Ite8 22 'ifc4 b5 23 'ti'd5 llf8 24 �xg5+ Wg7 25 �e6+
Wg6 26 �xf8+ Itxf8 27 Wxb5 f5 28 'fi'd7 i.g5+ 29 �2 Itd8 30 Wxa7 Itd2+ 31 �3
Ite2 32 b4 i.f6+ 33 Wd3 Itb2 34 Wc4 llc2+ 35 Wb5 Resigns. 7
Source: Volume 'A', page 1 62.
v) J.H.Shaw-A.Burn. Allgaier Gambit.

1 e4 e5 2 f4 exf4 3 ll:lf3 g5 4 h4 g4 5 ll:\g5 h6 6 lilxf7 rJi/xf7 7 d4 d5 8 .ixf4 li:lf6 9 lilc3
dxe4 10 .ic4+ <J;;g 7 11 '@d2 ll:\c6 12 0-0-0 .id6 13 lihfl .id7 14 .ig5 .ie7 15 ll:\xe4
ll:\xe4 16 lif7+ rJi/g6 1 7 h5+ Wxh5
18 lig7 ll:\xg5 19 lih1 + lilh3 20 .if7+ rJi/h4 21 lixh3+ gxh3 22 '@f2 mate.
A game which sparkles with imaginative touches, though 20 lixh3+ or 2 1 '@f2+
are alternative methods. Of the winner we know nothing.
Source: Volume •A', page 190.
vi) A.Bum-L.Uedemann, Chicago. Steinitz Gambit.
1 e4 e5 2 lt:Jc3 ll:\c6 3 f4 exf4 4 d4 'ti'h4+ 5 We2 b6 6 a4 .ia6+ 7 ll:lb5 g5 8 ll:\f3 '@h5
9 rJile1 .ixb5 10 axb5 ll:\ce7 11 .ic4 .ig7 12 !fe2 h6 13 c3 rJi;f8 14 rJ;;f1 ('Such waiting
moves , with the K on both sides and with such a number of pieces on the board at
an early stage, are unique to our recollection.') 14 ...f5 15 exf5 ll:lxf5 16 '@e4 ll:\g3+
17 hxg3 '@xh1 + 18 rJi;f2 fxg3+ 19 Wxg3 lieS 20 '@f5+ li:lf6 21 b3 d6 22 .ixg5 '@h5
23 lilh4 CA most attractive situation of the rarest beauty.') 23 •.• .-xg5+ 24 Wxg5
ll:\e4+ 25 �4 h5+ 26 'i!?f5 Resigns.
Source: Volume •s•, page 147.
Games 49
vii) S.Aiapin-M.Lange, Correspondence game. Alapin's Opening.

1 e4 eS 2 �e2 �e6 3 d4 'int4 4 dS i.eS S �g3 �ee7 6 �d2 t!rf6 7 f3 'int4 S �b3 i.b6
9 d6 �e6 10 e4 exd6 11 t!rxd6 �f6 12 c2id1 �hS 13 �fS t!rdS 14 g4 g6 1S �e3 t!rf6
16 't!Vxf6 �xf6 1 7 eS i.dS 1S �e4 dS 19 �d6+ c2ie7 20 gS �d7 21 exdS �b4 22 i.e4
�xeS 23 �xeS c2ixd6 24 �e4+ c2ie7 2S i.d2 aS 26 a3 �a6 27 d6+ c2tf8 2S i.e3 h6
29 i.xeS lih7 30 �f6 i.xf6 31 gxf6 i.d7 32 lie1 �bS 33 i.bS �e6 34 lie1 lihS
3S i.xe6 i.xe6
36 lixe6 bxe6 37 d7 lidS 3S i.d6+ 'i!igS 39 lie7 gS 40 �e2 c2ih7 41 cc!te3 'i!ig6
42 cc!te4 c2ixf6 43 <i!tcS hS 44 �e6 Resigns. ('It would be difficult indeed to laud too
highly the masterly style in which Herr Alapin conducted his attack in this game, the
more especially as applied to the latter half of it. Truly, correspondence chess is the
best chess, after all.' - Showalter in the New York Recorder. )
Source: Volume 'B', page 224. (771)
Lasker's deepest game

Page 1 76 of Volume 'B' of the Shipley scrapbooks gives the score ofthe game van Vliet
Lasker (London, 1892) with the following introduction: 'Some years ago Herr
Lasker was asked which game he considered his deepest. In reply he instanced the
following beautiful partie he won from van Vliet.'
This game appears in neither the Fine/Reinfeld nor the Hannak collections of
Lasker's games.
L. van Vliet-Em.Lasker, London, March 1 892. Queen's Gambit Declined.
1 d4 dS 2 �f3 �f6 3 e3 e6 4 e4 e6 S �e3 i.d6 6 i.d2 �bd7 7 i.e2 �e4 S 't!Ve2 fS
9 0-0 0-0 10 i.el t!rf6 11 �d2 'int6 12 f4 �df6 13 �dxe4 dxe4 14 i.g3 i.d7 1S liad1
clthS 16 lid2 lifeS 17 eS i.e7 1S b4 aS 19 bS exbS 20 i.xbS i.xbS 21 �xbS �g4
22 lie2 eS 23 h3 �xe3 24 lixe3 exd4 2S �xd4 i.xeS 26 t!rb2 t!rf6 27 lid1 lidS
2S i.f2 i.xd4 29 lixd4 t!rxd4 30 t!rxb7 liabS 31 't!¥a6 t!rd6 32 t!rxaS t!rxf4 33 g3
t!rgS 34 lixe4 t!rf6 3S lif4 lid1 + 36 �h2 t!re6 37 g4 'int1 + 3S Resigns. (772)
Budapest miniature
We would like confirmation that this mini-game was indeed played, and that Black's
6th move did cause his opponent to resign. 8
Warren-Selman, Correspondence, 1930. Budapest Defence.
1 d4 ltJf6 2 c4 e5 3 dxe5 4Je4 4 a3 d6 5 exd6 .ixd6 6 g3 4Jxf2.
'Resigns', writes Soltis in Chess Lists. 'Resigns', writes Chernev in The 1000 Best
Short Games of Chess. 'And Black wins', writes Chernev in Wonders and Curiosities of
Chess. The Chess Digest booklet The Budapest Defence (page 35) gives Chernev credit
for the line. (905)
It seems that Black's 6th move did indeed provoke his opponent's immediate
resignation. Rob Verhoeven sends us a photocopy of the score of the game in
Fernschach, September 193 1 , page 7 1 . (933)
Brevities
J.Lokvenc-L.Pachman, Prague, 1943. Nimzo-Indian Defence.

1 d4 ltJf6 2 c4 e6 3 4Jc3 .ib4 4 'ifc2 4Jc6 5 4Jf3 d6 6 e3 e5 7 d5 4Je7 8 'ifa4+ Resigns.
Source: tournament book by Lachaga, page 59.
Ed Tassinari sends the following:

E.Lundin-F.Ekstrom, Stockholm (Swedish Championship), 1947.
Queen's Gambit Declined.
1 c4 c6 2 ltJf3 d5 3 e3 4Jf6 4 4Jc3 e6 5 d4 a6 6 c5 4Jbd7 6 .id3 e5 7 .if5 e4 8 4Jd2
'Llxc5 10 Resigns.
Source: CHESS, September 1947, page 347.
A.Mengarini-Ervin, Lone Pine, 197 1 . French Defence.
1 d4 e6 2 e4 d5 3 4Jd2 4Jc6 4 4Je2 4Jf6 5 e5 4Jd7 6 c3 .ie7 7 ltJf4 4Jf8 8 'ifh5 4Jg6
9 4Jf3 0-0 10 .id3 .id7 1 1 h4 Resigns.
Source: Mengarini's Predicament in Two Dimensions, page 9 1 .
A.Mengarini-Kramer, New York ( World Open), 1973. Benoni Defence.
1 d4 �f6 2 c4 c5 3 dxc5 4Jc6 4 4Jc3 e6 5 a3 WaS 6 .if4 4Je4 7 llc1 .ixc5 8 e3 4Jxc3
9 Resigns.
Ibid. , page 8 1 .
R.Chalker-S.Bernstein, New York (Continental Open), 1 976. Queen's Pawn Game.
1 d4 d5 2 e4 dxe4 3 4Jc3 e5 4 dxe5 1!fxd1 + 5 �xd1 4Jc6 6 4Jd5 .ig4+ 7 f3 0-0-0
8 c4 exf3 9 gxf3 .ie6 10 f4 llxd5+ 1 1 Resigns.
Source: Combat: My Fifty Years at the Chessboard by Sidney Bernstein, page 1 0 1 .
-
-�- � . • • - . , ,•• -·····- .• -- · -··-· « � • • • -· •••
(931)
Games 51
Keres' correspondence games
From Carl-Eric Erlandsson:

'I am especially interested in the games ofPaul Keres and would be very grateful
for any help in finding more examples ofhis correspondence play. (He probably
played about 500 postal games.) He wrote on page 15 of Ausgewahlte Partien
1 93 1-1958 that at one time he had 150 games running at the same time, and
when he won the IFSB championship in 1935 he was involved in 70 games
simultaneously.
The following game (Keres-E. Verbak, correspondence, 1932) was published
in Fernschach number 2 in 1935: 1 e4 e6 2 d4 d5 3 J.e3 dxe4 4 l£Jd2f5 5f3
exf3 6 l£Jgxf3 l£Jf6 7 J.d3 c5 8 0-0 cxd4 9 l£Jxd4f4 10 'il.xf4 e5 1 1 J.b5+ <tlj7
12 't!Vh5+ g6 13 J.c4+
Here Dr Dyckhoffs booklet Fernschach-Kurzschliisse and the book by

Ludwig Steinkoh/, Faszination Fernschach give the continuation 13 . . . �g7
14 't!Vh6+1 1-0. "The final position deserves a diagram, " writes Mr Steinkoh/.
However, Verbak actually played 13 ... <tle8, and resigned after 14 't!Vxe5+
't!Ve7 15 'f!ixf6 (Fernschach, which also mentions the variation 13 . . . �g7 14
'flh6+). According to Vatter Heuer's book on Keres, this game was played
between September and October 1932, i. e. when Keres was sixteen. Heuer also
gives the moves 15 . . . 'f!lxe3+ 16 �hl '@xd2 17 I!e4+ Resigns. ' (936)
'A brilliant conception'
From the tournament book of Magdeburg, 1927 (reprinted by Olms with Breslau, 1925):
E.Bogoljubow-P.S.Leonhardt, 3 1 July 1927. Irregular Opening.
1 l£Jf3 d5 2 c4 dxc4 3 e3 l£Jc6 4 J.xc4 e5 5 'flb3 l£Jh6 6 d4 e4 7 l£Jfd2 f5 8 l£Jc3 J.d7
9 'f!/d1 'figS 10 0-0 0-0-0 1 1 a3 l£Jg4 12 'f!/e1 h5 13 f4 '@h6 14 h3 g5 15 d5 l£Jb8 16 fxg5
'@xg5 17 hxg4 hxg4 18 I!f4 J.c5 19 '@g3
Black now played 19 ... llh3, which Samisch called 'a brilliant conception'. If the
rook is captured then 20 . . . i.xe3+.
There followed: 20 lbdxe4 llxg3 21 lbxg5 llxe3 22 � llh8 23 g3 llxg3 24 �e1 and
now, according to the tournament book, Black threw away the game with 24 ... llh2
(instead of 24 .. . lle3+ ) This allowed Bogoljubow to escape with 25 llfl i.e3 26 lbe2
.
llxe2+ 27 �e2 f4 28 i.xe3 llxe3+ 29 �d2 lle5 30 llxf4 i.a4 31 llf8+ and Black
resigned. (1 140)
A new prodigy
Vazquez wrote excitedly of an 'extraordinary' chess prodigy in El Figaro of 8 October

1 893, an article reprinted on pages 29-35 of Cr6nica de Ajedrez, issue 2, June 1 9 1 1 .
His name was Andres Ludovico Viesca, 'from Coahuila in the Republic of the United
Mexican States, and born in the town of Parras de la Fuente on 8 April 1 869'. At the
age of seven he won the following game (against the Jose Marti) in the presence of a
large audience which included Vazquez himself:
A.L.Viesca-J.Marti. Damiano's Defence.
1 e4 e5 2 lbf3 f6 3 d4 lbc6 4 d5 lba5 5 lbc3 c6 6 dxc6 bxc6 7 i.e3 lbb7 8 i.c4 lbh6
9 "t!Vd3 i.c5 10 0-0 d6 11 a3 i.xe3 12 fxe3 lbc5 13 1We2 i.g4 14 b4 i.xf3 15 "t!Vxf3 lbb7
16 h6 'Wc7 17 llad1 0-0 18 i.xb7 'Wxb7 19 llxd6 !Vb8 20 llfd1 lbf7 21 llxc6
lld8 22 llxd8+ lbxd8 23 llc5 lbe6 24 lld5 'Wc8 25 lld3 lbg5 26 'W£5 'Wc4 27 'Wd7
4:lxe4 28 !Vd5+ 'Wxd5 29 lbxd5 g5 30 lbe7+ cM7 31 4:lf5 g4 32 lbh6+ �e6 33 4:lxg4
lbd6 34 c;;t>f2 e4 35 lld4 lbb5 36 llxe4+ 'it>£5 37 llf4+ �S 38 lbxf6 lbxa3 39 lbxh7+
�g6 40 lbf6 lbxc2 41 g3 llb8 42 lbdS lle8 43 llf6+ �g5 44 h4+ �g4 45 llf4+ �h3
46 h5 ('! !') nes 47 llh4 mate.
Vazquez then quotes from his original report, in La Estrategia Mexicana for October
1 876:
'Nobody in the world has been able to play chess at seven years of age, as can
- and very well - the little boy from Parras de la Fuente. Paul Morphy, at
Games 53
thirteen [sic. Morphy was not quite thirteen.], won a game from Lowen
thal. F.Norton, at eleven, composed problems and played fairly praiseworthy
games, as did, at twelve, Miss Blanca Fleischmann, the celebrated and
distinguished girl from Buffalo in the United States.9 But at the age of
seven none of them, Miss Fleischmann, Norton or Morphy, knew about
the Scotch Game, the Ruy Lopez or the Evans Gambit . . . '
Writing in 1 893, Vazquez reported that he had heard no more of Viesca.
Wunderkind spottings are not rare (a famous case from the 1960s was Jutta Hempel), 10
and we have compiled the following list, which is far from exhaustive, on the basis of
accounts in the BCM going back to the beginning of the century.
a) George William Woolf (born South Hackney, London, on 22 October 1 893).
Learned the moves in January 190 1 and played the game below later the same year. The
BCM provides a photograph of the cherub and reports that 'he is a vivacious and
studious boy, and is to be credited with this witticism; that when I once asked him
whether he would ride on a tram or a bus he selected the bus, saying, "A tram is always
in check, but a bus can move where it likes".' (Nobody could have guessed that, eighty
five years later, adults would be making puns of no better quality in Chess Life.)
'A fair specimen of his powers of combination' :
G.W.Woolf-X.Y. Remove Black's queen. (Punctuation as given i n the BCM)
1 e4 e5 2 �f3 �c6 3 �c3 �f6 4 i.c4 i.c5 5 0-0 �aS 6 i.e2 b6 7 d4 exd4 8 �xd4
0-0 9 1fd3 g6? 10 b3? lle8 1 1 lle1 d6 1 2 �db5! lle7 1 3 �d5 �xd5 14 tfxd5 llb8?
15 �xa7 i.b7 16 tfg5! d5 17 g3? c6 18 i.f4 lld8
19 llad1! i.a8 20 �xc6 �xc6 21 llxd5 llxd5 22 1!fxd5 lle8 23 i.c4 llf8 24 i.h6
�e7 25 tfe5 Resigns.
Source: October 190 1 , pages 414-4 1 5.
b) ' Another boy prodigy at chess has appeared at Warsaw named Lamberg, and the
Warsaw Club will challenge Herr von Scheve to a match with him.'
Source: November 190 1 , page 446.
This may well have been a reference to Aleksander Flamberg, although he was
already in his twenties. Was Flamberg a prodigy?
c) 'One seldom hears of a prodigy solver, but the Western Morning News has
apparently discovered one. In a General Solution Competition, a prize of one guinea
was offered for the best set of solutions received by boys u nder the age of 1 6. A Master
F.S.L.Spalding is the successful candidate. He is 1 2 � years of age and hails from
Plymouth, and wins with a full score; this is a really commendable performance, seeing
that many of his co-competitors, old enough to be his father, failed in getting full scores
for certain problems. We hope we shall hear more of this juvenile "fire-eater".'
Source: March 1902, page 142.
d) John Lengden was born in Manchester on 30 October 1902. 'His first knowledge of
chess was gained while watching his father being taught the rudiments of the game by
a friend.' (This makes a change from 'taught by his father' . . . ) In October 1909 he won
second prize in the handicap tournament of the Halifax Club. 'This season he has
competed in class D of the Lancashire County tournament, winning in the first round
but losing in the second . . . His mental grasp of the possibilities of a position is
remarkable and so quick that he is inclined to play too fast; but criticism is disarmed
when dealing with a player so young. Nevertheless, with more steadiness he will
certainly make a fine player; particularly if trained with judicious care.' A portrait
shows that John is just as angelic as George. Then comes the following game:
J.Lengden-J.O.Peacock. Scotch Gambit.
1 e4 eS 2 l0f3 l0c6 3 d4 exd4 4 i.c4 i.e7 S 0-0 d6 6 h3 l0f6 7 l0xd4 l0xd4 8 1!fxd4 cS
9 i.bS+ i.d7 1 0 i.xd7+ 1!fxd7 11 1!fd3 lld8 12 i.e3 0-0 13 l0c3 a6 14 llad1 !t'c6
1S llfe1 h6 16 i.f4 lObS 1 7 lOdS llfe8 1 8 l0xe7+ llxe7 19 i.e3 lled7 20 1!fd2 1!fxe4
21 i.xh6 gxh6 ('?') 22 llxe4 �h7 23 llde1 l0f6 24 lle7 dS 2S 1!fd3+ �g7 26 llxd7
llxd7 27 1!fg3+ �h7 28 1!feS �g7 29 g4 lld6 ('??') 30 1!fxd6 Resigns.
Source: March 1 9 1 2, pages 1 19- 1 20. The report was picked up in the 1 5 May 1 9 1 2
issue of Capablanca-Magazine, pages 30-3 1 , which described M r Peacock as 'an
out-and-out bungler'.
e) 'In the section in the English language, which is now a regular feature of our
Palermo contemporary, L'Eco degli Schacchi [sic], occurs a paragraph obviously of
Transatlantic origin. It states that "the Public Ledger has flushed another infant
prodigy, one Henry Salot, aged 6 �, of Philadelphia," and that "a match between these
bantams is being arranged" . The puzzle is to discover who the other bantam is,
supposing Henry Salot to be one. Surely not the Public Ledger or its name belies it !'
-
Source: August 19 1 6, page 275.

f) 'An account in the daily papers of the doings of Samuel Rzelevski [sic], the Polish
boy of eight who gave a simultaneous display at Berlin, brought forth the following
from a British father, which goes to prove that this country is not far behind: -
CHESS PLAYER AT FOUR.

GIVES HIS FATHER A HARD GAME
An account of an eight-year-old Polish boy playing chess with the best players in
Berlin was published in the Daily Mail on Saturday.
Mr F.L.Ashby, grocer, baker, and corn factor, of Cheddleton, Staffs. , writes: "My
son, now six, learned the moves when only three, learned to play when four, and when
Games 55
five played quite an excellent game. I have played since childhood. I have three other
children, a girl eleven, a boy thirteen, and a boy fifteen, all really splendid players. I have
beaten the president of the London Chess Club, and yet it is quite a pleasure to sit down
and be beaten by my own youngsters.
"My little boy is as skilful as many an aged player, and prepares alarming surprises
during the game. He has not beaten me, but has played a hard game and has beaten his
elder brothers and sister. He has played continually for two years." - From the Daily
Mail. '
Source: February 1920, page 40.
We wonder what the most junior Ashby did between learning the moves at three and
learning to play at four.
g) 'Argentina. - The April-June number of the Revista del Club Argentino de Ajedrez
has an article, with a portrait, of a new boy chess-prodigy. This is Luis Enrique del Sel,
who was born at Santa Rosa on July 25th, 1 908, learnt chess at the age of9, and has been
playing many games on level terms with leading members of the C.A. de A., winning
and drawing more, it is stated, than he has lost. Great expectations are held of his future
success. '
Source: October 192 1 , page 374.
h) 'Great activity is shown by the Peruvian Chess Federation . . . The Championship
Tournament was an exciting affair and resulted in a tie between Jose Andres Perez and
Julio Sumar. The play-off resulted in a win for Perez by 3-2. The Champion had to
strike his colours in the following game from the match. An interesting point is that
Julio Sumar was born in 1932 and it will be admitted that his play in this game clearly
indicates that here we have the makings of a master.'
J.Sumar-J.A.Perez. Queen's Indian Defence.
1 d4 li)f6 2 li)f3 e6 3 e3 c5 4 i.d3 b6 5 llJbd2 llJc6 6 c3 cxd4 7 cxd4 i.b7 S 0-0 llJb4
9 i.b1 .ta6 10 e4 i.xfl 11 llJxfl i.e7 12 e5 llJfd5 13 a3 li)c6 14 llJg3 f5 15 llJh5 0-0
16 !Vd3 lieS 1 7 i.d2 '@eS 1S llJg3 d6 19 i.a2 dxe5 20 llJxf5 exf5 21 i.xd5+ �S
22 .txc6 !Vxc6 23 llJxe5 '@d5 24 liel i.d6 25 i.c3 .txe5 26 lixe5 !Vd7 27 d5 liceS
2S f4 lixe5 29 fxe5 lidS 30 d6 \!Ve6 31 !Va6 '@d7 32 !Vc4 lieS 33 !Vd4 \tlgS 34 1!Vd5+
<2oft 35 i.b4 lie6
w
36 1!fxe6 'fi'xe6 37 d7+ rM7 38 d8= ltl+ Resigns.

Source: August 1947, page 254.
We hope that the earlier games will not have deterred readers from playing through
this one.
Information will be gratefully received on any of the above geniuses' subsequent
achievements, while other similar reports will also be welcomed. (11 71)
Mora
As is well known, the 'young girl . . . who interested me a great deal' (Capablanca, My
Chess Career, page 1 59) was Maria Teresa Mora lturralde, born in Havana on
15 October 1907. Here is one of her early games:
J.Corzo1 1-M.T.Mora Iturralde, Havana, 1 9 1 6 (late 1 9 1 5?).
Remove White's queen's rook.
1 e4 e5 2 f4 d6 3 ltlf3 ltlc6 4 i.c4 ltlf6 5 d3 i.e6 6 i.b5 i.d7 7 c3 a6 8 i.a4 b5 9 i.b3
i.g4 10 0-0 i.xf3 1 1 'fi'xf3 i.e7 12 d4 exd4 13 e5 ltlxe5 14 fxe5 dxe5 15 'fi'c6+ c!tf8
16 cxd4 'fi'xd4+ 1 7 'Ct>h1 lld8 18 ltlc3 b4 19 ltla4 g6 20 i.h6+ 'Ct>g8 21 h3 e4
22 'fi'e6 lld5 23 'fi'xe7 Resigns.

Source: El Figaro (Havana), 27 February 19 1 6, page 285.
The Cuban magazine Boletin Ajedrez 11 1982, page 40, reports that she died in
Havana on 3 October 1980. (11 78)
Not-so-brilliant Steinitz
G.B.Fraser-W.Steinitz, Sixth match game, Dundee, 1 867. Remove Black's f-pawn.

1 e4 e6 2 d4 'it'e7 3 i.d3 ltlc6 4 ltlf3 b6 5 0-0 i.b7 6 d5 ltld8 7 i.g5 1!ff7 8 ltle5 Resigns.
Source: volume 1 of Bachmann's Schachmeister Steinitz, page 1 8 2 - another Olms
reprint. (1216)
Games 57
Murray in action
Richard Thivisol writes:

' Can you provide the score of a game played by H.J.R.Murray?'
There cannot be many. In a letter to the Editor of the BCM in April 1 9 1 6 (page 1 24)
H.J.R.M. was 'tempted to add the following brevity which happened to me when
playing a beginner in May, 1 894. The length of the odds is its sole claim to life.'
H.J.R.Murray-W.M.C. Remove White's queen and rooks.
1 e3 e6 2 b3 b6 3 .i.b2 .i.b7 4 .i.d3 .i.e7 5 i.xg7 .i.xg2 6 .i.xh8 f6 7 i.xh7 lt:lh6 8 .i.g7
lt:lf5 9 .i.g6 mate.
Any more serious ones? (1225)
Swindle
It is remarkable that this simultaneous game is unknown. We take it from pages

55-59 of Alekhine, Campeao mundial de Xadrez em Portugal by A.Araujo Pereira,
repeating that booklet's punctuation:
A.Alekhine (simultaneous)-P.Braumann, Lisbon, 1940.
Greco (Latvian) Counter-Gambit.
1 e4 e5 2 lt:lf3 f5 3 lt:lxe5 Wf6 4 lt:lc4 fxe4 5 lt:lc3 Wg6 6 h4 lt:lf6 7 h5 Wf7 8 d4 d6
9 .i,g5 .i.e6 10 d5 lt:lxd5! 11 lt:lxe4! lt:lc6 12 h6! .i.e7! 13 Wd2 0-0-0 14 0-0-0 lt:ldb4!
15 .i.xe7 Wxe7 16 hxg7 Wxg7 17 lt:lg5 .i.f5! 18 a3 lt:lxc2 19 W£4? ll:\6d4 20 lid3
lide8! 21 lt:le3 .i.xd3 22 .i.xd3 lt:lxe3 23 fxe3 lt:lb3+ 24 �2 h6 25 �b3 hxg5 26 Wa4?
lixe3 27 lidl '.t>b8 28 Wa2 We7 29 i.c4 liel 30 i.d5 lixdl 31 Wxdl c6 32 i.b3
lif8 33 a4 lif2 34 g4 We5 35 Wcl d5 36 i.c2 d4 37 i.d3 c5? 38 Wc4 Wc7 39 Wg8 We7
40 i.c4 d3 41 1i'd5 d2 42 i.b3 b6 43 Wa8 Wd8 44 Wxa7+ <t>c6 45 a5 lift 46 i.a4+
'.t>d6 47 axb6 'it'g8+ 48 b3 lial+ 49 �al dl='fi'+ 50 '.t>a2 1i'd2+ 51 '.t>a3 Wb4+
52 wa2 Wd8 53 b7 Wc7? 54 Wa6+ Wbb6 55 Wd3+ <tle7 56 Wh7+ c,t>r6 57 'i¥h8+
<tle6 58 Wg8+ <i!ld6 59 Wf8+ <i!ld5 60 W£5+ 'i¥e5
w
61 i.c6+ 't!fxc6?? 62 '@xeS+ �e5 63 b8=t!t'+ .�4 64 \!ff8 t!fa6+ Drawn. (1247)
What went wrong?
On pages 24-25 of Mein Abschied vom Schach Josef Krejcik gives the following skirmish
which, he reports, has been called 'the prettiest queen odds game of all time':
J.Krejcik-N.N., Cafe 'Jagerzeile', April 1947. Remove White's queen.
1 e4 e6 2 d4 h6 3 lbc3 a6 4 lbf3 g5 5 i.c4 g4 6 lbe5 f5 7 exf5 exf5 ('Here I announced
mate in six moves.') 8 �+ �7 9 lbd5+ �d6 10 lbc4+ �c6 11 lbb4+ ct>b5 12 a4+!
\ftxb4 13 i.d2 mate.
How strange that 1 1 . . i.xb4+ has been overloo ked.
. (1300)
From Timothy Whitworth:

'Krejcik seems to have miscounted (it was mate in seven moves, not six)
and muffed the finish (it should have gone 1 1 lba5+ �b5 12 a4+ �xa5
13 i.d2+ i.b4 14 i.xb4 mate, a pure one, too). But were these mistakes really
made at the board - or at the typewriter afterwards?' (1355)
Backwards
Reculer pour mieux sauter is a theme occasionally dealt with in books and magazines,
but there are some games which never get to the 'sauter' stage. In the miniature below
White finishes the game with three successive retreats to base, and in the final position
all his pieces, except the king, are on their home squares. The score is taken from
Roman Dzindzichashvili - Sein Aufstieg zur We/tspitze by Manfred van Fondern (pages
8-9). We follow that book's punctuation.
R.Dzindzichashvili-Y.Zacharov, Soviet Junior Championship, 1957.'2 Sicilian Defence.
1 e4 c5 2 c3 lbf6 3 e5 lbd5 4 d4 cxd4 5 cxd4 d6 6 lbf3 lbc6 7 i.e2?! i.f5 8 0-0 dxe5
9 dxe5 e6 10 i.d2 lbdb4? 11 lbc3 lbd3 12 i.g5! lbxb2 13 1!fxd8+! lbxd8 14 i.b5+ lbc6
15 lbd4 i.d3 16 lbxc6 i.xf1 17 i.xfl! bxc6 18 .tel i.a3 19 lbbl !! Resigns. (1323)
Miniature I
Pages 264-265 of Palacio's book Ajedrez en Cuba contain this little game:
R.Ortega-J.L.Barreras, Havana, 10 August 1946. Budapest Defence.
1 d4 lbf6 2 c4 e5 3 dxe5 lbg4 4 t!t'd4 d6 5 exd6 i.xd6 6 lbc3 0-0 7 lbf3 lbc6 8 t!t'dl
lbce5 9 lbd4 1Ie8 10 e3 i.b4 1 1 't!fc2 't!fxd4 12 exd4 lbf3+ 13 �1 llel mate. (1363)
Games 59
Miniature II
And another one, from page 276 of the same work:

T.Marrero-F.Melgarejo, Placetas, 1932. Evans Gambit Accepted.
1 e4 e5 2 lLlf3 lLlc6 3 i.c4 i.c5 4 b4 i.xb4 5 c3 i.a5 6 0-0 lLlf6 7 d4 0-0 8 dxe5 lLlxe4
9 Iiel lLlxc3 10 lLlxc3 i.xc3 11 lLlg5 lLlxe5 12 !fh5 h6 13 Iixe5 i.xe5 14 lLlxf7 Iixf7
15 'it'xf7+ c;!;>h8 16 i.g5 i.f6 1 7 Iiel Resigns.
This seems to have a familiar look to it. Can a reader quote the same moves from
another source? (1364)
Carl-Eric Erlandsson has come to the rescue: the game was Steinitz-H.Devide,
Manhattan Chess Club, 1 890. (1459)
Unusual opening
The 7-8/1973 issue of the Cuban magazine Jaque Mate (page 66) gives a game with an
opening that will be known to few:
L.R.Diaz-Dr M.Valladares, Cuban Correspondence Tourney, 1 972.
' Valladares Opening!!'.
1 lLlf3 e5 2 lLlxe5 lbc6 3 lLlxc6 dxc6 4 d4 i.d6 5 e4 @h4 6 lLlc3 i.b4 7 i.d3 lLlf6 8 i.d2
i.xc3 9 i.xc3 lLlxe4 10 'it'e2 f5 11 0-0 0-0 12 g3 !fh3 13 i.xe4 fxe4 14 1!fxe4 i.f5
15 'it'f4 i.g4 16 Resigns. (1368)
Draughts
Fleeting diversification - a game of draughts won by Emanuel Lasker:

Black: E.Lasker White: W .Skillcorn.
11-15 23-18; 12-16 18-11; 8-15 24-19; 16-23 27-11; 7-16 22-18; 16-19 25-22; 4-8
29-25; 10-14 18- 15; 14-18 32-27; 2-7 27-23; 18-27 31-24; 9-13 22-18; 5-9 25-22; 7-10
21-17; 10-14 17-10; 13-17 22-13; 8-11 15-8; 6-31 13-6; 3-12 24-15; 1-19, Black wins.
Source: American Chess Bulletin, April 1933, page 70.
In draughts notation the dark squares are numbered 1 to 32. The back-rank squares
of Black (who moves first) are, from his right, 1 , 2, 3, 4. White's back-rank squares,
from his right, are 32, 3 1 , 30, 29. A game by Pillsbury is given on page 1 76 of The
Compleat Draughts Player by Irving Chernev (Oxford, 1 98 1 ), 1 3 (1380)
Kasparov v Krabbe
Tim Krabbe sends us the following game from a simultaneous exhibition (+29 = I -0):
G.Kasparov (simultaneous)-T.Krabbe, Amsterdam, 28 April 1987.
Queen's Gambit Declined.
1 d4 d5 2 c4 c6 3 lbf3 lbf6 4 lbc3 e6 5 @b3 lbbd7 6 i.g5 i.e7 7 e3 0-0 8 i.d3 dxc4
9 i.xc4 b5 10 i.e2 a6 11 0-0 c5 12 lUd1 !fc7 13 i.£4 'Wb6 14 a4 b4 1 5 aS !fa7 16 lba4
lbd5 17 i.g3 cxd4 18 lbxd4 lbc5 19 lbxc5 i.xc5 20 lbc6 @b7 21 lbe5 !fe7 22 lbd3
f5 23 lbxc5 Wxc5 24 l:Iacl 't!Vxa5 25 l:Ic6 l:Ie8 26 i.h5 g6 27 i.f3 @b5 28 llxd5 exd5
29 i.xd5+ ct>h8 30 l:Ic7 !fe2 31 h3 llb8 32 i.c4 !fe1 + 33 ct>h2 f4 34 i.xf4 !fxf2
35 't!Vd3 !fxb2 36 !fd5 !ff6 37 i.g5 @b2 38 llxh7+ Resigns.
Our correspondent comments: •He absolutely thrashed me, and I'm rated at 2300!'
(1458)
King hunt
J.Gelabert-E.Bermudez, Occasion ? King's Gambit Accepted.

1 e4 e5 2 f4 exf4 3 lbf3 i.e7 4 i.c4 i.h4+ 5 g3 fxg3 6 0-0 gxh2+ 7 ct>h1 i.e7 8 i.xn+
c:j;;xf7 9 lbe5+ ct>e8 10 't!Vh5+ g6 11 lbxg6 lbf6 12 llxf6 i.xf6 13 lbe5+ ct>e7 14 'ifn+
c:j;;d6 15 lbc4+ ct>c5 16 '@d5+ ct>b4 17 a3+ ct>a4 18 b3 mate.
Source: Revista Cubana de Ajedrez, September-October 1923, page 23. (1513)
Best game
Sidney Bernstein, whose book Combat: My Fifty Years at the Chessboard covered the
period 1927- 1977, tells us that the best game he ever played occurred in 1978:
'The critical point was at my 26th turn and the ridiculous appearing 26 ... g5!!
nagged at me, so I spent half an hour on it. Then came the moment of
"illumination". One can scarcely believe that Black's lowly infantrymen at
d7 and g6 have key roles to play in the coming drama while the rook at f8
and the fianchettoed bishop will never move again. Reminiscent of Troitzky's
work is the way bishop, knight and pawn triumph over queen, knight and
king . . . I felt during this encounter as though some mysterious outside force
were directing (in fact dictating) my moves. '
R.Pestic-S.Bernstein, World Open Tournament (round four), Philadelphia, 2 July 1978.
Irregular Opening.
1 lbf3 b6 2 g3 i.b7 3 i.g2 c5 4 d3 g6 5 0-0 i.g7 6 e4 lbc6 7 lbbd2 lbh6 8 lbh4 0-0
9 f4 f5 10 e5 'ifc7 11 lbdf3 l:Iad8 12 c3 lbf7 13 lle1 e6 14 d4 cxd4 15 cxd4 lbb4
16 l:Ie2 i.a6 17 lld2 llc8 18 a3 lbc2 19 llb1 lbe3 20 @b3 1Wxc1+ 21 llxcl llxc1+
Games 61
22 lbe1 I;lxe1 + 23 �2 lbxg2 24 lbxg2 I;lfl + 25 �3 lbh6 26 h3
26 ... g5 27 I;ld1 g4 28 I;lxfl �xfl 29 Wf2 gxh3 30 lbe1 h2 31 "t!rf3 �c4 32 !Vg2
lbg4+ 33 Resigns. (1515)
Early Reshevsky
Chess writers wishing to illustrate the play of the chess prodigy Samuel Reshevsky tend
to make their selection from among the same small number of games. A rough list of
these would be:
v Rubinstein, Warsaw, 1 9 1 7
v Zabludovsky/Zazludovsky, Berlin, 1 920
v Doery, Berlin, 1 920
v Traube, Hanover, 1920
v Schwartz, Paris, 1920
v Griffith, London, 1920
v Jaffe, New York, 1920
v Schapiro, New York, 1920
v Chernev, New York, 1 920
v Bruckstein, St Louis, 1921
v Griffith; Los Angeles, 1 92 1
v Janowsky, New York, 1922.
There exist, however, many others that are worthy of preservation. The following
represents a selection culled from the American Chess Bulletin.
P.Krueger-S.Reshevsky, Hamburg, 24 February 1920. Four Knights' Game.
1 e4 e5 2 lbf3 lbc6 3 lbc3 lbf6 4 i.b5 i.c5 5 0-0 d6 6 d4 exd4 7 lbxd4 j,d7 8 lbb3
j,b6 9 i.g5 h6 10 i.h4 g5 1 1 i.g3 h5 12 h3 h4 13 i.h2 g4 14 i.xc6 bxc6 15 e5 g3
16 exf6 gxh2+ 1 7 �h2 1!i'xf6 18 a4 aS 19 't!rd2 llg8 20 llae1 + i,e6 21 f4 �d7 22 f5
i.xb3 23 cxb3 llae8 24 lle2 'tlfd4 25 llxe8 litxe8 26 't!r£4 'ifxf4+ 27 litxf4 d5 ('At this
point, Rzeschewski first announced his move as lle l+, under the impression that the
white king stood at h 1 , in which case, of course, he would have been able to force a
checkmate. This was his only slip of memory. Upon being corrected, he proceeded with
the move in the text.') 28 llxb4 d4 29 �e4 lieS 30 lif4 d3 31 �c3 lle3 32 lle4 <iifd6
33 lixe3 �xe3 34 �3 �e5 35 <M3 �g5 36 g4 �4 37 �d1 \t>e5 38 �f2 �4 39 �d1
<;te5 ('A draw was agreed upon here, but in reality White has a forced win by pushing
b4, when would follow 40 . . . �d2 4 1 bxa5 �xa5 42 �e3 d2 43 Ci!te2, followed by �c3
etc. One will search in vain the annals of chess in order to parallel this game.')
Both players were blindfold. Source: A CB, May-June 1920, pages 96-97.
S.Reshevsky-G. W.Beaumont, Leeds, England, 3 1 August 1920. King's Gambit A ccepted

1 e4 e5 2 f4 exf4 3 �f3 d6 4 �c4 �e6 5 �xe6 fxe6 6 d4 g5 7 0-0 h6 8 1We2 a6 9 �el
1We7 10 g3 e5 1 1 �c3 �f6 12 dxe5 dxe5 13 li:ld3 �c6 14 �d5 �xd5 15 exd5 li:ld4
16 1Wh5+ �8 17 �d2 ti'f6 18 �xeS llh7 19 llae1 i.d6 20 gxf4 i.c5 21 �b1 c6
22 fxg5 'ti'd6 23 �f7+ llxf7 24 'ti'xf7 1Wxd5+ 25 1Wxd5 cxd5 26 gxh6 �7 27 h7
llh8 28 llf7+ �b8 29 i.f4+ �a7 30 �e5 Resigns.
Simultaneous display. Source: A CB, December 1920, page 1 88.
S.Reshevsky-L.S.Stillman, New York, (November?) 1920. Sicilian Defence.

1 e4 c5 2 f4 �c6 3 li:lf3 e6 4 d3 �f6 5 i.e2 i.e7 6 0-0 d6 7 c4 b6 8 i.e3 d5 9 li:lbd2
d4 10 �f2 'ti'c7 11 e5 �d7 12 �e4 i.b7 13 'ti'e1 0-0-0
14 f5 �dxe5 15 fxe6 �xf3+ 16 i.xf3 f6 1 7 i.g3 i.d6 18 �xd6+ llxd6 19 i.xd6

'ti'xd6 20 i.g4 Resigns.
Simultaneous display. Source: A CB, December 1920, page 188.
S.Reshevsky-E.B.Hilliard, Manhattan, 13 December 1 920.

King's Gambit Declined.
1 e4 e5 2 f4 i.c5 3 �f3 d6 4 i.c4 1We7 5 �c3 �f6 6 f5 ll:\c6 7 d3 h6 8 We2 a6 9 i.e3
i.b4 10 0-0 i.xc3 1 1 bxc3 b5 12 i.b3 i.b7 13 g4 0-0 14 h4 �8 15 �b1 �a5 16 llg1
�xb3 1 7 axb3 d5
Games 63
18 gS dxe4 19 gxf6 'lfxf6 20 dxe4 .txe4 21 nan l::tad8 22 .tcs J::tfe8 23 'lfxe4 c6
24 J::td 1 J::tg8 2S 'lfxeS J::tx d1 26 J::txd1 'lfxeS 27 �xeS Resigns.
'Just before his opponent, who had lost another piece, resigned the game,
Rzeschewski, upon request, called off from memory the position of all the pieces
remaining on the board. This he did without the slightest hesitation and, when he
announced the six black pawns, he did so in a single breath. It was a flash of genius
that did not escape the observing.'
White played blindfold. Source: A CB, December 1 920, page 1 89.
S.Reshevsky-E.Michelsen, New York, 9 January 192 1 . Sicilian Defence.
1 e4 cS 2 f4 d6 3 �f3 �c6 4 �c3 g6 S d4 cxd4 6 �xd4 .tg7 7 .te3 �f6 8 .te2 0-0
9 'lfd2 'WaS 10 �b3 'lfc7 1 1 0-0 .tg4 1 2 �d4 J::tad8 13 a3 'lfc8 14 J::tad1 .txe2
1S �dxe2 �g4 16 b4 fS 1 7 h3 �f6 18 �g3 fxe4 19 �cxe4 �xe4 20 �xe4 dS 21 �cS
b6 22 �d3 d4 23 .tf2 'lfa6 24 'lfe2 'lfc4 2S i.g3 J::tfe8 26 We4 eS 27 fxeS �e7 28 l::td2
'lfc3 29 J::tdf2 �fS 30 .tf4 �e3 31 .txe3 dxe3
32 nn .txeS 33 �xeS llxeS 34 Wh4 Resigns.

Simultaneous display: +5 -0 =0. Source: A CB, January 192 1 , page 8.
In the next game Reshevsky wins a knight v bishop endgame in which he is two pawns
down:
S.Reshevsky-W.R.Dunn, New York, 10 February 192 1 . Two Knights' Defence.
1 e4 e5 l �f3 �e6 3 .te4 �f6 4 �g5 d5 5 exd5 �aS 6 d3 h6 7 �f3 .td6 S �e3 a6
9 1!fel 0-0 10 .idl b5 1 1 .tb3 lieS ll 0-0 .tb7 13 �e4 �xb3 14 axb3 �xd5 15 e4
�f4 16 1!fe3 1!fd7 1 7 e5 1!fg4 lS �el .txe4 19 dxe4 .te7 lO b4 .tg5 ll 1!ff3 1!fe6
ll .txf4 exf4 l3 �el 1!fxe4 l4 1!fxe4 lixe4 l5 f3 lie4 l6 lif2 .tf6 l7 liel .txbl
lS lial .te3 l9 1Ie4 lixe4 30 fxe4 aS 31 bxa5 lixa5 3l lixa5 .txa5 33 �d4 .tdl
34 �xb5 .te3+ 35 'iW1 .txe5 36 �xe7 c,M8 37 �d5 g5 3S 'Ct>el .tgl 39 h4 .td4
40 ccW3 f6 41 �4 rM7 4l ct>h5 .tf2 43 hxg5 hxg5 44 �4 ct>e6 45 'it>h5 .id4 46 �6
.te5 47 'it>h5 f5 4S 'it>xg5 fxe4 49 �xf4+ .txf4 50 c;t>xf4 '.tf6 51 c;t>xe4 and White
even managed to win.
Simultaneous display: +20 -0 =0. Source: A CB, March 1 92 1 , page 54.
S.Reshevsky-F.A.Hollway, Grand Rapids, 192 1 . Scotch Gambit.
1 e4 e5 l d4 exd4 3 �f3 �e6 4 .te4 .tb4+ 5 e3 dxc3 6 0-0 exbl 7 .txbl f6 S e5 d5
9 .txd5 .tg4 10 exf6 �xf6 1 1 .txe6+ bxe6 1 2 \!fb3 .txf3 13 1!fxf3 Wd5 14 1!fel+
rM7 15 �e3 .txe3 16 .txe3 liheS 17 1!fel lie6 lS liadl 1!fe5 19 1!fd3 lid6 lO 1!ff3
t!rh5
ll lixd6 1!fxf3 ll lixf6+ 1!fxf6 l3 .txf6 ct>xf6 l4 licl lidS l5 lixe6+ lid6 l6 licl
'Ct>e6 l7 'iW1 'it>d7 lS 'it>el 1Ia6 l9 liel e5 30 lixe5 lixal+ 31 'it>e3 �6 3l lib5
lia3+ 33 'it>f4 lie3 34 h4 lie7 35 g4 'it>e6 36 :IIbl lif7+ 37 'it>g3 aS 3S f4 a4 39 f5
lib7 40 licl + 'it>b5 41 g5 a3 4l 'it>f4 'it>a4 43 f6 al 44 lial c;t>b3 45 'Ct>e5 c;t>bl 46 lixal+
'it>xal 47 'it>e6 'it>b3 48 f7 lib6+ 'and White won'.
Simultaneous display. Source: A CB, May-June 192 1 , page 1 1 6.
S.Reshevsky-L.T.Haller, St Louis, 1921. Queen's Gambit Declined.
1 d4 d5 l �f3 �e6 3 e4 e6 4 �e3 �f6 5 .tg5 .te7 6 e3 0-0 7 .td3 a6 S 0-0 �b4
9 .txf6 .txf6 10 .tel dxe4 11 .txe4 b5 12 .tb3 .tb7 13 e4 e5 14 dxe5 .txe3 15 bxe3
�d3 16 t!fel �xeS 17 .tel 1!ff6 lS 1!fe3 liaeS 19 �g5 e5 lO �h3 �e6 ll liael lie7
ll .tbl lifeS l3 f3 �f4 l4 �xf4 exf4 l5 t!fdl lixe3 l6 lixe3 lixe3 l7 lidl g5 lS h3
'it>g7 l9 ct>hl .teS 30 1!fd5 lie3 31 't!Ve5 .te6 3l We7 h6 33 lidS 1!fe3 34 fibS �6
Games 65
3S lih8 �hS 36 fi'f8 1!Vf6 37 lig8 .ic4
38 h4 g4 ('If 38 . . . �xh4 39 e5 lixe5 40 lig6 and wins' - L.T.Haller) 39 1WcS+ Resigns.

Source: A CB, September-October 192 1 , page 1 70.
S.Reshevsky-D.Barkuloo, St Paul, June 1 92 1 . Queen's Gambit Declined.
1 d4 dS 2 ltlf3 e6 3 c4 ltlf6 4 .igS .ie7 S e3 0-0 6 ltlc3 b6 7 licl .ib7 8 .id3 ltlbd7
9 0-0 ltle4 10 .ixe7 'ifxe7 11 .ixe4 dxe4 12 ltld2 fS 13 f3 exf3 14 ltlxf3 cS 1S 1We2
liac8 16 lifd1 lifd8 1 7 b3 ltlf6 18 lid2 h6 19 licd1 a6 20 dxcS lixd2 21 1Wxd2 lWxcS
22 ltla4 1Wc7 23 '@d6 1Wxd6 24 lixd6 bS 2S cxbS axbS 26 ltlb6 lieS 27 ltld4 ltlg4
28 ltlxbS ltlxe3 29 ltld4 ltlxg2 30 ltlxe6 lie7 31 ltlcS ltle1 32 a4 ltlc2 33 aS ltlb4
34 ltlxb7 lixb7 3S ltla4 lia7 36 lib6 lLldS 37 libS ltlf4 38 <M2 ltle6 39 b4 ltld4
40 lieS f4 41 lic4 ltle6 42 lLlcS lic7 43 a6 �f7
44 bS ltlxcS 4S lixcS lia7 46 lic6 <3;;e 7 47 � �d7 48 �f4 liaS 49 lig6 Resigns.
Played with living pieces. Reshevsky also won nine other games simultaneously.
Source: A CB, November 1 92 1 , page 193.
S.Reshevsky-J.Grommer, St Louis, 26 August 192 1 . Queen's Gambit Declined.
1 d4 dS 2 ltlf3 e6 3 c4 a6 4 ltlc3 dxc4 S e3 bS 6 a4 b4 7 ltlb1 c5 8 .ixc4 ltlf6 9 0-0
i.b7 10 �bd2 �bd7 1 1 t!re2 t!rc7 12 b3 i.e7 13 i.b2 0-0 14 llacl t!rb6 1S e4 llfe8
16 i.d3 �f8 17 t!re3 llac8 18 l:c2 �g6 19 h3 cxd4 20 i.xd4 1Wd8 21 �c4 �d7
22 lld1 i.cS 23 i.xcS �xeS 24 i.e2 �d7
2S Jicd2 Jie7 26 �d6 Wc7 27 �xc8 i.xc8 28 1Wd4 aS 29 i.bS h6 30 't!Vd6 Wc3
31 Jid3 't!Vf6 32 Jic1 i.b7 33 i.xd7 i.xe4 34 Jie3 i.dS 3S i.c6 �f4 36 WeS i.xf3
37 1Wxf6 Resigns.
Simultaneous display: + 1 2 -0 =0. Source: A CB, September-October 1921, page 1 70.
Finally, a game notable for White's zwischenzug at move 23:
S.Reshevsky-S.Ballou, Washington, 6 April 1922. Centre Counter Game.
1 e4 dS 2 exdS �f6 3 c4 c6 4 dxc6 �xc6 S �f3 eS 6 d3 i.cS 7 �c3 i.fS 8 i.e2 Wb6
9 �a4 i.b4+ 10 i.d2 1WaS 1 1 �c3 0-0 12 0-0 Jiad8 13 a3 i.e7 14 �dS 't!VcS 1S b4
Wd6 16 �xe7+ �xe7 17 i.c3 �g6 18 lle1 Jife8 19 d4 �e4 20 i.b2 �f4 21 �xeS
21 . .. �h3+ (21 . . . �xg2!?) 22 gxh3 lbeS 23 i.g4 i.xg4 24 hxg4 Adjudicated a win for
White. Simultaneous display: + 1 6 -1 =3. Source: A CB, April 1922, page 67. 14
(1518)
Games 67
Gunsberg
Isidor Gunsberg was a prolific player and writer whose long career included a match
for the World Championship. He has been largely forgotten by the chess world, and
even contemporary sources shed little light on his character, personality and lifestyle.
Although his Elo Historical Rating was about the same as that of Marshall, Fine's
The World's Great Chess Games ignores him.15
There follows a neglected example of Gunsberg's play, taken from pages 99- 100
of the Frankfurt, 1 887 tournament book (whose punctuation is repeated here):
I.A.Gunsberg-H. von Gottschall, Frankfurt, 22 July 1 887. Sicilian Defence.
1 e4 c5 2 llJc3 llJc6 3 llJf3 g6 4 d4 exd4 5 llJxd4 J.,g7 6 J..e3 d6 7 J..e 2 j_d7 8 0-0 llJf6
9 'fi'd2 0-0 10 1Iad1 1Ic8 1 1 f4 llJg4 12 J..xg4 J..xg4 13 1Ide1 J..d 7 14 llJde2 J..e8
15 1If3 'fi'd7 16 Itefl b5 17 b3 'fi'b7 18 1Ih3 b4 19 liJd5 e6
20 f5!! exd5 21 f6 J..h 8 22 J..d4! J..d 7 23 1Ih4 h5 24 1Ixh5! J.,g4 25 1Ixh8+ Resigns.
This game was played in the morning. In the afternoon Gunsberg drew as Black
with Zukertort. (1525)
H.B.Daly
Richard Lappin sends us a copy of a 40-page booklet, published in 1975, entitled

75 Years of Affection for Chess, A Tribute to Harlow B. Daly by Harry Lyman and
Stephen Dann. It comprises 1 39 games played by Daly between 1 90 1 and 1974, together
with brief introductions. A fascinating little work. There are two draws against
Emanuel Lasker in simultaneous exhibitions which are not in the third Chess Player
volume of Lasker's games. Other opponents from such displays include Alekhine,
Marshall, Mieses, Pillsbury and Torre.
Game 86 is called 'an unbelievable classic' , and it is certainly a spectacular example
of a wandering king:
M.Kagan-H.B.Daly, Boylston v Bay State Match, 29 December 1 939.

Sicilian Defence.
1 e4 c5 2 lLlc3 lLlc6 3 lLlf3 g6 4 d4 cxd4 5 lLlxd4 i..g 7 6 i..e3 d6 7 i..c4 a6 8 lLld5 e6
9 lLlxc6 bxc6 10 i..b6 'ifg5 1 1 lLlc7+ �e7 12 lLlxa8 'ifxg2 13 lU1 i..xb2 14 i..d 3 i..c3+
15 We2 e5 16 lig1 i..g4+ 17 �e3 i..d4+ 18 i..xd4 exd4+ 19 �4 g5+ 20 �g5
20 ... h6+ 21 �4 'fi'xh2+ 22 �g4 lLlf6+ 23 �3 'it'h5+ 24 �2 lig8+ 25 �

'fi'b3+ 26 �e2 'fi'b5+ 27 �d2 'fi'a5+ 28 c3 dxc3+ 29 �e2 'fi'h5+ 30 f3 'fi'h2+ 31 �e3
:!:lxg1 32 'fi'xg1 'fi'd2+ 33 �d4 c5+ 34 �4 lLld7 35 f4 c2 36 'fi'e1 'fi'xf4 37 i..xc2
lLle5+ 38 �b3 lLlf3 39 'ifc3 lLld4+ 40 �b2 lLlb5 41 'fi'g7 'fi'e3 42 lift 'fi'a3+ 43 �1
Resigns.
A tantalising note to this game reads: 'John Curdo found a marvelous win for
Harlow. Can you?' Not wishing to burn our fingers, we throw that question open to
readers. (1535)
Harry Lyman, one of the co-authors of the Daly book, has consulted M.Kagan's
original game notebooks. They contain a recommendation by Daly of 20 . . . 'fi'b3 in
the Kagan-Daly game. If White captures the bishop (either way) 2 1 .. . 'fi'b6+ leads to
mate. An alternative line also ending in mate is 2 1 i..e2 'fi'h5+ 22 �f4 i.. xe2 23 'fi'xd4
'iff3+, etc. Our correspondent adds: ' Without consulting Curdo, I seem to remember
that his solution is also based upon 20 . . . 'fi'h3!' (1 606)
Spielmann
It is frequently stated that Rudolf Spielmann was very mild-mannered, in stark contrast
to his fiery attacking style over the board. On page 199 of the September 198 1 CHESS
Euwe described him as follows: 'Very pleasant, though a little inclined to complain
about things. He has often stayed with me. He was rather a dreamer . . . '
Games 69
One novel complaint made by Spielmann (according to page 1 8 of P.Michel's

Lachaga book on Dortmund, 1928) arose from his loss to Bogoljubow in the third
round of that tournament. The trouble was that in round four Bogoljubow proceeded
to lose recklessly to Dr A ifred van Ntiss. Spielmann was not slow to see a malevolent
pattern: 'I am bound to believe that it is only against me that opponents display their
full strength.'
In round two Spielmann had only himself to blame:
R.Spielmann-R.Reti, Dortmund, 28 July 1928. Vienna Game.
1 e4 eS 2 i.c4 �f6 3 d3 �c6 4 �c3 i.b4 S �e2 dS 6 exdS �xdS 7 i.xdS 'i!fxdS
S 0-0 'i!faS 9 a3 0-0 10 i.e3 i.xc3 1 1 �xc3 �d4 12 b4 'i!fa6 13 f4 Wc6 14 1Wd2 t!¥xc3
15 Resigns.
Master chess contains few moves to compare with White's fourteenth.16 (1539)
A Spielmann brilliancy
The next game is one of the forgotten gems of chess. It appears in none of the
dozens of 'standard' anthologies of games and combinations that we have consulted,
yet contains a sparkling and original sequence of major piece sacrifices. The occasion
was a simultaneous display ( +25 -1 =5).
R.Spielmann-H.Strassl, Passau, 21 April 19 12. Vienna Game.
1 e4 eS 2 i.c4 �f6 3 d3 �c6 4 �c3 i.b4 S i.gS d6 6 �e2 i.g4 7 f3 i.e6 S 0-0 i.cS+
9 �1 �d4 10 f4 h6 11 i.xf6 'i!fxf6 12 fS i.xc4 13 dxc4 �xe2 14 �dS 1Wh4 1S 1!fxe2
0-0-0 16 b4 i.b6 17 a4 c6 1S �xb6+ axb6 19 aS bxaS 20 l:lxaS <3;c7 21 bS liaS 22 b6+
'it>xb6 23 lib1 + <3Jc7 24 'i!fe3 liabS 25 'ifb6+ 'Ct>cS
26 liaS 1We7 27 Wxc6+ Wc7 2S llxb7 Resigns.

Source: Schachjahrbuch fur 1912 by Ludwig Bachmann, pages 9 1 -92. (1555)
A Spielmann miniature
Gordon Pollard writes:

' While looking through Spielmann's games I noticed that Spence (volume 2,
page 81) says that Spielmann v Johner, Pistyan, 1922 escaped much publicity
at the time; but the BCM pub/ishedit (August 1922, page 312) andlhave it in a
newspaper cutting pasted into my schoolboy notebook. Spence and the BCM
give Johner's initial as "S. " but my cutting shows "P. ", andreference to Gaige's
Catalog suggests that his name was Paul.
R. Spielmann-P.Johner, Pistyan, 1922. Vienna Game.
1 e4 e5 2 lt:Jc3 lt:Jf6 3 f4 d5 4 fxe5 lt:Jxe4 5 lt:Jf3 .ie 7 6 d4 0-0 7 .id3 f5 8 exf6
lt:Jxf6 9 0-0 lt:Jc6 10 .ig5 .ig4 1 1 fie] h6 12 .ixh6 gxh6 13 fig3 .id6 14 lt:Je5
fie7 15 lt:Jxd5 lt:Jxd5 16 fixg4+ fig7 1 7 'fie6+ r:tih8 18 'f!.j7 Resigns.
Spence demonstrates a win for White after 18 ... 'f!.xj7 but does not mention
18 . . . lt:Jf4, threatening mate. Now if 19 lt:Jg6+ then 19 . . . fixg6 and Black wins.
White's best seems to be 19 'i1.xf4, when after 19 ... .ixe5 20 'i1.xf8+ 'f!.x/8
21 dxe5 lt:Jxe5 a win for White is not readily demonstrable. This is perhaps
another instance of premature resignation. '
A few comments of our own:
i) That Black was Paul (as opposed to Hans) Johner is confirmed by the tournament
book. We know of no S.Johner.
ii) The game may have received little publicity because the tournament book (page 149)
castigated White's twelfth move. Moreover, it gave 14 . . . fie7 a double question mark,
recommending 14 . . . lt:Jxd4 1 5 h3 1We7 as a way of curbing the attack. The BCM
·
awarded 1 2 .ixh6 an exclamation mark.

iii) Although the BCM and, for instance, Chess, More Miniature Games by J. du Mont
(page 74) give 16 . . . fig7, the tournament book records that Black played 16 ... fig5 .
If 16 ... fig5 was the move played, then 1 8 . . . ltJf4 would leave open a mate in one.
(1563)
Games 71
Best games
On page 221 of Volume I of his games collection, Tartakower writes:

'An investigation carried out some years ago by the eminent editors of the
Cahiers de /'Echiquier Franrais (MM. Gaston Legrain and then Franc;:ois Le
Lionnais) dealt with the presentation to the public, in so far as the leading
contemporary players were concerned, of the games they were most proud of.
As for me, it is usually my victory with White against Schlechter at St
Petersburg, 1909, or else that with Black against Mar6czy at Teplitz-Schonau,
1 922, that writers think fit to commend most to the attention of their readers.
Nevertheless, I derive most pleasure from the present short but expressive
game' [T. v Przepi6rka,17 Budapest, 1 929].
For Marshall's 1928 book Chess Masterpieces, Tartakower had chosen the Mar6czy
game.
An absentee from the Marshall book is Ernst Griinfeld, who gave his selection in the
above-mentioned Cahiers de I'Echiquier Franrais series (September-October 1933,
pages 1 65-167). The game is seldom if ever printed these days, so we give it here in our
translation:
'We asked the Austrian grandmaster Ernst Griinfeld to inform us of his
favourite game. He has kindly sent us the following one with his own
annotations:
E.Griinfeld-R.Spielmann, Trebitsch Tournament, Vienna, 1929.
Queen's Pawn Game, Spielmann Defence.
1 d4 e6
This move is the introduction to a popular system of defence and one that is a
particular favourite of Spielmann's.
2 li)f3
White avoids the beaten paths of the French Defence which lead to a level
game: 2 e4 d5 3 exd5 or 3 lbc3 lbf6 4 i.g5 i.e7 5 exd5, etc.
2 ... c5
A logical move, but also a double-edged one, as the present game shows. The
more usual 2 . . . lbf6 is to be preferred.
3 c4! cxd4 4 lbxd4 lbf6 5 lbc3 i.b4 6 'ilb3
Against Spielmann at the Siesta Tournament in Budapest Capablanca played
here 6 't!fc2, a move which does nothing to improve White's very promising
position. The game in question soon ended in a draw.
6 .. . i.c5 7 lbf3!
Much more aggressive than the familiar continuations 7 i.e3 or 7 e3. The
underlying idea is to retain considerable freedom in the development of the
queen's bishop.
7 •.. b6
In the game Rubinstein-Teichmann, Teplitz-Schonau, 1922, the same position
occurred with colours reversed. Black continued by castling. But White
omitted to develop the bishop at g5 and made do with the modest pawn
move e3. The same might be said of 7 . . . lL!c6, Menchik-Spielmann,
Carlsbad, 1929. Nor is 7 . . . d5, as played in the twenty-first game of the
Alekhine-Bogoljubow match, an improvement, for after 8 cxd5 exd5 9 i.g5
i.e6 10 i.xf6 gxf6 1 1 0-0-0, etc., the black d-pawn is isolated and weak.
8 i.g5 i.b7 9 e3 lL!c6 10 i.e2 h6 11 i.h4 !fe7
This offers better prospects than 1 1 . . . i.e7, which allows White to obtain the
better position straight away, without a struggle.
12 a3
Denying the square b4 to the enemy pieces and also securing the opportunity
of a pawn attack on the black king's position if he castles on the queenside.
12 ... g5 13 i.g3 lL!hS 14 0-0-0 lL!xg3 15 hxg3 0-0-0 16 !fa4
The danger increases; this move enables the c5 square to be attacked and also
exerts pressure on a7.
16 ... 'it>b8 17 lL!d4 i.xd4 18 exd4 llc8
A good defence, because the advance 19 d5 would be answered by 19 ... exd5
20 cxd5 lL!a5 (threatening 2 1 . . . !fxe2), and suddenly it is Black who is
attacking.
19 'it>b1 lL!aS 20 c5!
The attack begins. This pawn sacrifice, which takes Black by surprise, throws
the position into disarray.
20 ... i.xg2 21 cxb6!
The rook cannot be taken because of 22 !fxa5 axb6 23 !fxb6+ i.b7 24 lL!b5.
21 ... axb6
22 !fbS!
Drumfire! With imperturbable logic the attack continues without concern
for the possible loss of the king's rook. If 22 . . . i.xh 1 23 'it'xb6+ lL!b7 24 lL!b5,
and mate cannot be averted. Or 23 . . . i.b7 24 !fxa5 !fd8 25 !fb4, and White,
with knight and two connected passed pawns, has sufficient compensation
for the exchange sacrificed.
22 ... !fd6 23 llhg1 i.b7
23 . . . Wc6 could be answered by 24 llxg2 '@xg2 25 Wxb6+ lL!b7 26 lL!b5.
Games 73
24 dS!
The assault continues. Black's reply is more or less forced, for 24 . . . lic5
could be advantageously answered by both 25 dxe6 and 25 Wd3.
24 . .. exdS 2S li:lxdS .ixdS
If now 25 .. . lic5 then simply 26 Wxb6.
26 lixdS 1Wc6 27 lixd7
The sacrificed pawn is regained and White's position becomes very strong.
27 ... lihe8 28 1Wxc6 li:lxc6 29 i.f3! g4
Desperation, but other continuations offered no relief.
30 i.xc6 lixc6 31 lixf7 lie2 32 lid1 'i!tc8 33 licl lixc1 + 34 �cl
White hereby obtains a won rook ending.
34 ... hS 3S lifS liel + 36 c.tfd2 lih1 37 �e3 lih2 38 a4 'i!tb7 39 b4 h4 40 gxh4
lixh4 41 aS bxaS 42 bxaS lih6
Black cannot hold the endgame. If, for instance, 42 ... lih8, White win!! by
43 c.tff4 lig8 44 lif6 (44 '.!lg3? 'i!ta6 45 lif4 '.!lxa5 46 lixg4 lidS leads to an
interesting draw) followed by '.!lg3 lif4 and lixg4. If 42 . . . lih2 43 lig5 lig2
44 lig6 �a7 (44 ... ligl 45 f4!) 45 a6 'i!ta8 46 lig7 '.!lb8 47 '.!le2! (with this
triangular manoeuvre White gains a tempo) 47 . . . lig l 48 '.!ld2! '.!la8 49 c.tfe3
lig2 50 '.!le2 lig l 5 1 a7 and White wins the g..:pawn and the game.
43 �4 lig6 44 c.tfg3 'i!ta6 4S lif4 �aS 46 lixg4 lif6 47 lid4! '.!lbS 48 f4
c.tfcS 49 lidS Resigns.'
Griinfeld's notes to this excellent game had already appeared in the December 1929
Wiener Schachzeitung (pages 357-358). (1586)
The Polgar sisters
The following game was played at the television studios of DRS (Swiss German
Television) during the 1987 Biel tournament. Both prodigies played blindfold and had
five minutes for all their moves.
Judit Polgar-Sofia Polgar. Sicilian Defence.
1 e4 cS 2 li:lf3 li:lc6 3 i.bS g6 4 0-0 i.g7 S c3 li:lf6 6 d4 cxd4 7 cxd4 0-0 8 dS li:lb8
9 eS li:le8 10 li:lc3 d6 11 i.f4 a6 12 i.xe8 lixe8 13 l:le1 dxeS 14 .ixeS i.xeS 1S li:lxeS
i.fS 16 1Wf3 li:ld7 1 7 li:lxf7 �f7 18 g4 li:lf6 19 gxfS lig8 20 'i!th1 'fi'd7 21 lie6 liad8
22 liae1 gS 23 li:le4 !VxdS 24 Wc3 and Black lost on time.
This game has not, to our knowledge, been published elsewhere. (1594)
A Tarrasch gem
Why has this game been ignored?

Professor Nissl-S.Tarrasch, Munich, 1933 ( 1 932?). Queen's Gambit Declined.
1 d4 d5 2 c4 e6 3 lt:lc3 c5! ('This defence to the Queen's Gambit, introduced by me thirty

years ago, came into fashion, as did so many others, after the War. In recent years it has
again received much attention. All that is now required is for a successful master to
adopt it and it will have a great vogue again. Fashion, including chess fashion, is a
merry-go-round.') 4 cxd5 exd5 5 lt:lf3 lt:lc6 6 .i.f4 lt:lf6 7 e3 .i.e7 8 .i.e2 0-0 9 0-0 .i.e6
10 h3 lt:le4 1 1 li[cl 1!Va5 12 a3 lt:lxc3 13 li[xc3 c4 14 "ti'bl b5 15 b4 !Vd8 16 lt:le5 lt:lxe5
1 7 .i.xe5 a5 18 .i.dl f6 19 .i.g3 nr7 20 f4 f5 21 .i.el axb4 22 axb4 'fi'f8 23 net .i.d6
24 nf2 li[fa7 25 l::[b2 na3 26 .i.c3 n8a7 27 "fi'c2 1!Va8 28 g4 g6 29 @g2 nxc3! 30 nxc3
nat 31 �h2! ! nxdl 32 li[a2 w 33 li[ca3 .i.b8! 34 gxf5 @xf5 35 na8 1!Vf8 36 n2a6
c3! 37 �g3! l::[d2 38 @fl c2 39 "fi'cl li[d3! 40 � .i.f5 41 1!Vxc2 nxe3 42 1!Vc6 li[e8
43 @xd5+ �7 44 !t'xb5 1!fe7 45 n6a7! .i.xa7 46 li[xe8 .i.xd4+ 47 �g3
47 ... 1!fh4+! ! 48 �h4 .i.f2+ 49 �g5 h6 mate.

Source: '[_arra.§sh:L!i.EfJESlE!l!!!� 1 April 1 933, pages 196- 1 99, page 204 and page
..
206, where the great master annotates the game in full. Only his punctuation and the
note to Black's third move are given above.
Tarrasch is yet one more leading figure whom chess history paragraphists have
caricatured ('stubborn', 'dogmatic', etc.). Apart from his own brilliant books, there is
little of value about him for the chess bibliophile, although Reinfeld's 1947 book is quite
good.
Tarrasch's magazine ran from Q£!9�, and is full of high-quality
material. A complete run in one volume was published by Olms in 1 984. (1611)
Bilguer
Why are the games of Paul Rudolf von Bilguer so neglected? Apart from a couple of
brevities against von der Lasa, they are seldom seen. The Oxford Encyclopedia ofChess
Games does not give any.
A sixty-four page book providing a selection of Bilguer's games and a few com
positions was written by O.Koch and published in Leipzig in 1 9 1 5 to mark the
centenary of his birth. Since it is rarely seen or mentioned nowadays, we cull two games:
Games 75
P.R. von Bilguer-C.Mayet, (Venue ? ), 25 October 1 839. Scotch Gambit.

1 e4 e5 2 �f3 �c6 3 d4 exd4 4 i.c4 i.b4+ 5 c3 dxc3 6 0-0 cxb2 7 i.xb2 f6 8 fib3 �
9 e5 fxe5 10 i.xe5 i.e7 11 i.c3 d6 12 �bd2 i.f6 13 i.xg8 llxg8 14 �e4 i.xc3 15 lbeg5
We8 16 �xh7+ <tle7 17 Wxc3 'Wg6 18 llfe1 + <tld8 19 �hg5 i.f5 20 'Wb3 ct>d7 21 llacl
llb8
22 �h4 Wxg5 23 Wf7+ �e7 24 �xf5 llge8 25 �xe7 @f6 26 llxc7+ <tlxc7 27 �d5+
<t>c6 28 llc1+ <t>b5 29 @d7+ <t>a6 30 �xf6 and wins.
Unless 29 . . . <t>a6 is a typographical error for 29 . . . <t>a5, White had a mate on the
move with 30 Wa4.
Now an interesting endgame:
P.R. von Bilguer-T. von der Lasa, Occasion ? Giuoco Piano.
1 e4 e5 2 �f3 �c6 3 i.c4 i.c5 4 c3 We7 5 d4 i.b6 6 i.g5 f6 7 i.h4 �h6 8 0-0 d6
9 a4 a6 10 a5 i.a7 11 <t>h1 �f7 12 �bd2 g5 13 i.g3 h5 14 h3 exd4 15 cxd4 i.xd4
16 4Jxd4 4Jxd4 1 7 f4 i.e6 18 Wa4+ �c6 19 i.d5 i.d7 20 i.xf7+ 'Wxf7 21 fxg5
@g7 22 !¥1>3 Wxg5 23 i.f4 !¥1>5 24 Wc3 0-0-0 25 �c4 i.e6 26 �a3 !¥1>3 27 i.d2
Wxc3 28 i.xc3 �e5 29 llxf6 <t>d7 30 �c2 <tle7 31 llf2 lldf8 32 llafl llxf2 33 llxf2
llf8 34 <t>g1 llxf2 35 ct>xf2 <tf6 36 �e1 <t;g5 37 c;&>g3 h4+ 38 W£2 'itf4 39 i.xe5+
dxe5 40 �f3 <tlxe4 41 �xh4 <tld3 42 �g6 e4 43 �f4+ Wd2
w
44 g4 e3+ 45 �3 e2 46 li:)xe2 �e2 47 �4 ctrd3 48 b4 c5 49 b5 �2 50 g5

ccilxb2 51 clte5 .ig8 52 g6 c4 53 b6 c3 54 h7 .ixh7 55 gxh7 c2 56 b8=1W cl=fi'
Drawn.
It will be recalled that Bilguer's life was short: he died (pace Sunnucks) a few days
before his twenty-fifth birthday. (1619)
Looks familiar
A game which has a decidedly familiar look to it:

M.Eguiluz-A.C.Vazquez, Occasion ? Muzio Gambit.
1 e4 e5 2 f4 exf4 3 ll:)f3 g5 4 .ic4 g4 5 0-0 gxf3 6 Wxf3 !t'f6 7 e5 1Wxe5 8 d3 .ih6
9 li:)c3 li:)e7 10 .id2 c6 11 llael 1!Vc5+ 12 clthl d5 13 1Wh5 !Vd6 14 li:)xd5 cxd5
15 .txd5 0-0 16 llxe7 !Vxe7 1 7 1Wxh6 clth8 18 llel Wd8 19 .ic3+ f6 20 lle8 !Vxe8
21 !Vxf6+ Resigns.
Our source is pages 45-46 of Un poco de ajedrez by Manuel Marquez Sterling (Mexico,
1 893). The author comments: 'This game places Senor Eguiluz on the same level as
the Morphys and Anderssens.'
There are similarities between this finish and Morphy's blindfold victory over
P.E.Bonford:
P.Morphy-P.E.Bonford, New Orleans, 24 March 1 858. Evans Gambit Accepted.
1 e4 e5 2 ll:)f3 li:)c6 3 .ic4 .tcS 4 b4 .txb4 5 c3 .ta5 6 d4 exd4 7 0-0 dxc3 8 .ta3 d6
9 !t'b3 li:)h6 10 li:)xc3 .txc3 1 1 1Vxc3 0-0 12 lladl li:)g4 13 h3 li:)ge5 14 li:)xe5 li:)xe5
15 .tel f5 16 f4 li:)c6 1 7 .ic4+ clth8 18 .ib2 1!Ve7 19 lldel llf6 20 exf5 't!ff8 21 lle8
!Vxe8 22 'ifxf6 'ife7 23 1Wxg7+ Wxg7 24 f6 'ifxg2+ 25 �g2 .txh3+ 26 �h3 h5
27 llgl Resigns. (1662)
Lasker brilliancy
From the New Orleans Times-Democrat of 28 May 1 905 comes the subjoined game,
'one of several individual games played by Dr Lasker during his recent visit to the
New Orleans Chess, Checkers and Whist Club'. The opening is played in original
style and the sacrificial attack is fascinating:
M.D.McGrath-Em.Lasker, New Orleans, 19 May 1905. Ruy Lopez.
1 e4 e5 2 li:)f3 li:)c6 3 .ib5 a6 4 .ta4 li:)f6 5 0-0 d6 6 li:)c3 b5 7 .ib3 .ig4 8 b3 .ih5
9 d3 't!Vd7 10 .te3 g5 1 1 li:)d5 'ttd 8 12 .txg5 .ig7 13 g4 .ig6 14 li:)h4 li:)d4 15 li:)f5
.ixf5 16 exf5 h5 17 c3 li:)xb3 18 axb3 bxg4 19 hxg4 cltd7 20 �2
Games 77
20 ... ltlxd5 21 i.xd8 ltlf4+ 22 \tgl ltlh3+ 23 c2tg2 ltlf4+ 24 Wgl llaxd8 25 f3
llb3 26 c.tf2 llh2+ 27 \tel i.f6 28 1!fbl lldh8 29 llxa6 llhl 30 Resigns.
The Times-Democrat has the loser's detailed notes. (1673)
Evans theory
The New Orleans Times-Democrat of 10 September 1905 gives a drawn game, played
in the tournament of the New Orleans Chess, Checkers and Whist Club, which was
awarded a brilliancy prize:
L.L.Labatt-Rev. G. Dobbs, New Orleans, 1905. Evans Gambit Accepted.
1 e4 e5 2 ltlf3 ltlc6 3 i.c4 i.c5 4 b4 i.xb4 5 c3 i.c5 6 d4 exd4 7 cxd4 i.b6 8 0-0 d6
9 ltlc3 ltla5 10 i.g5 ltle7 1 1 ltld5 f6 12 i.xf6 gxf6 13 ltlxf6+ Wf8 14 ltlg5 ltlxc4
15 'ifh5 \tg7 16 'iff7+ Wh6 1 7 '@h5+ Drawn.
We note that these exact moves (extended with ' 1 7 . . . t3i/g7 1 8 'iff7+ =') are given,
unattributed, on page 247 of volume C of the Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings.
(1673)
Obvious oversight
A forgotten game by Marshall contains a candidate for the worst possible type of move:
refusal to accept the outright win of the opponent's queen with check. It also illustrates
how even a weak opponent (who plays like an early computer) can sometimes take
advantage of negligence and over-confidence.
F.J.Marshall (simultaneous)-H.J.Chilton, Philadelphia, 27 October 1906.
Queen's Gambit Accepted.
1 d4 d5 2 c4 dxc4 3 ltlf3 f6 4 e4 b5 5 a4 i.a6 6 axb5 i.xb5 7 ltla3 1ifd7 8 ltlxc4 e6
9 Wb3 i.xc4 10 i.xc4 ltlc6 1 1 d5 exd5 12 exd5 ltlce7 13 i.f4 ltlg6 14 i.b5 ltlxf4
15 1!Ye3+ 'it'd8 16 J.xd7 �xg2+ 17 'it>e2 �xe3 18 J.c6 l:Ib8 19 fxe3 1Ixb2+
20 'i!ld3 J.c5 21 l:Ihb1 1Ixb1 22 1Ixb1 J.b6 23 �d4 �e7 24 �e6 g6 25 e4 �h6
26 h3 �f7 27 �4 �e5+ 28 �b5 a6+ 29 �a6 �xc6 30 dxc6 �e6 'and Black won'.
Source: American Chess Bulletin, December 1 906, page 242. (1 746)
Danish Gambit
F.J.Marshaii-S.Mlotkowski, Occasion ? Danish Gambit.

1 e4 e5 2 d4 exd4 3 c3 dxc3 4 J.c4 d5 5 J.xd5 cxb2 6 J.xb2 .ib4+ 7 'itfl �f6 8 'Wb3
1!Ye7 9 �f3 �c6 10 a3 J.c5 11 �bd2 0-0 12 l:Icl J.g4 1 3 J.xc6 bxc6 14 �e5 1Iad8
15 �dc4 �xe4 16 �xg4 �d2+ 17 �xd2 1Ixd2
18 �h6+ �h8 ( 1 8 gxh6 19 1t'g3+ 1t'g5 was necessary, and strong) 19 J.xg7+ �g7
...
20 �f5+ Resigns.
Source: A merican Chess Bulletin, April 1 9 14, page 90. (1 754)
Games 79
An elegant finish
J.F.Barry-B.Kostic (simultaneous), Boston, 1 9 1 5 . Ruy Lopez.

1 e4 e5 2 �f3 �c6 3 .ib5 �f6 4 d4 exd4 5 0-0 d6 6 I!e1 .ie7 7 �xd4 .id7 8 �c3
0-0 9 �de2 I!e8 10 �g3 a6 1 1 .ic4 �e5 12 .ib3 .tf8 13 f4 �g6 14 f5 �e5 1 5 �h5
�xh5 16 !t'xh5 c6 17 .ig5 'Wic7 18 I!e3 d5 19 I!h3 h6 20 I!fl d4 21 �e2 c5 22 I!g3
Wh8 23 .txf7 .ib5
24 .ixh6 gxh6 25 I!g8+ Wh7 26 'ti'g6+ �xg6 27 fxg6 mate.

Source: American Chess Bulletin, November 1 9 1 5 , page 2 1 2. (1 755)
Mate by castling
The following game appeared on pages 3 1 9-320 of the October 1905 Wiener Schach
zeitung:
L.Lowy 11-Felix, Cafe Pirus, Vienna, 1 904. Double Fianchetto Defence.
1 e4 g6 2 d4 .ig7 3 �f3 b6 4 .id3 .ib7 5 �c3 e6 6 .ig5 �e7 7 e5 0-0 8 .ie4 .ixe4
9 �xe4 �bc6 10 �f6+ ct>h8 11 h4 'Wic8 12 !t'd2 �f5 13 h5 gxh5 14 I!xh5 .txf6
15 .ixf6+ �g7
w
16 'ffg5 llg8 1 7 llxh7+ ct>xh7 18 'Wh4+ �g6 . 19 lt:lg5 llh8 20 'ffe4+ �h5 21 g4+
�h4 22 lt:lh3+ ct>xh3 23 Wf3+ �h2 24 Wg3+ �hl 25 0-0-0 mate.
The magazine has perfunctory notes at moves sixteen and seventeen pointing out that
@h6 won immediately. What it does not say is that the game is probably a record-winner
for the number of missed forced mates:
a) 1 6 '@h6 and mate next move.
b) 1 7 Wh6 and mate next move.
c) 1 8 0-0-0 or 1 8 �d2 and mate in three.
d) 1 9 0-0-0 and mate in three.
e) 22 0-0-0 or 22 'it>d2 or 22 Wf3 or 22 @g2 and mate next move.
f) 23 0-0-0 or 23 'it>d2 and mate next move. (1 764)
Early Euwe
The earliest Euwe game we have seen:

J.Davidson (simultaneous)-M.Euwe, Amsterdam, February 191 2. French Defence.
1 e4 e6 2 d4 d5 3 exd5 exd5 4 J.d3 lt:lf6 5 lt:lf3 J.e7 6 0-0 0-0 7 lt:lc3 J.g4 8 J.e3
lt:lc6 9 lt:le2 J.xf3 10 gxf3 lt:lh5 1 1 lt:lg3 J.g5 12 lt:lxh5 J.xe3 13 fxe3 'ffg5+ 14 lt:lg3
'ffxe3+ 15 'it>g2 lt:lxd4 1 6 llel Wg5 17 J.xh7+ �xh7 18 Wxd4 llac8 19 lle5 Wg6
20 llh5+ �g8 21 @h4 @xc2+ 22 �hl f6 23 llh8+ 'it>f7 24 'Wh5+ Wg6 25 llxf8+
llxf8 26 'Wxg6+ ct>xg6 27 lldl c6 28 llel 'it>f7 29 lbf5 llb8 30 lt:ld6+ � 31 �2
31 ... lld8 32 lt:lf5 lld7 33 �f2 �7 34 �3 �g6 35 lt:lg3 lle7+ 36 � lbel 37

�xel d4 38 �d2 c5 39 �3 b6 40 a4 �g5 41 lt:le2 �h4 42 lbgl �5 43 �e4 f5+ 44
�5 g6 45 b3 'it>h4 46 �f4 g5+ 47 ct>xf5 d3 48 f4 g4 49 h3 d2 50 hxg4 dl=@ 51 Resigns. 1 8
Source: Max Euwe b y Hans Kmoch (page 2 o f the German edition). This book also
gives a study and a two-mover by Euwe dated 1 91 2, and a 1 9 14 victory in a simultaneous
exhibition given by Dr J.C.Reeders. (1811)
Games 81
Curdo
Chess Enterprises have published Forty Years at the Top ('John Curdo's Chess Career')
by John Curdo, edited by Bob Sanchez. Curdo's top should not be confused with
Karpov's (Chess at the Top, Pergamon, 1 984); by July 1979 (sic) Curdo had 'never even
drawn with a grandmaster' (page 92), while later that year he played in 'only my second
tournament outside of New England'. Nonetheless, the book contains much entertaining
play. Game 58 is a fine illustration of Zugzwang. On page 60 Curdo says, 'I believe to
this day that I am the first master to engage a computer program in rated tournament
play.' (This was at the Greater Boston Open on 9 October 197 1 .) Game 95 (pages 89-90)
is what 'has to be the most amusing game I've ever played. It rates high on my list of
swindles.' The punctuation is Curdo's .
J.Dunning-J.Curdo, Leominster, 1 April 1 979. Lisitsin Gambit.
1 �f3 fS l e4 fxe4 3 �gS eS 4 d3 e3 S i.xe3 �c6 6 .tel �f6 7 0-0 .te7 8 f4 �dS??
9 .ihS+ g6 10 �xh7! <M7! 1 1 fS �xe3 1l fxg6+ 'it>e6! 13 fi'f3 �xfl 14 'ti'f7+ �6
1S �c3 �b4
16 a3 �e3 17 axb4 c6 1 8 g7 lig8 19 �e4+ <3Jc7 lO �ef6 lixg7 l1 'ti'xg7 �xcl

ll lift �xb4 l3 �e8+ �b6 l4 @xeS �xd3 lS '@g3 .tcS+ l6 c,t;h1 �b4 l7 �hf6
dS l8 .ig4 aS l9 h4 .id4 30 .txc8 lixc8 31 hS .ixf6 3l �xf6 'ti'h8 33 'ti'g6 d4 34 h6
d3 3S 'ti'g7 dl 36 lid1 �dS! 37 �xdS+ cxdS 38 lixd2 Wxg7 39 hxg7 lig8 40 lixdS Drawn.
(1821)
A Najdorf miniature
Pages 55-56 of Czerniak's book on Buenos Aires, 1939 (not the Olympiad) give this
miniature:
L.Palau-M.Naj dorf, Buenos Aires, October 1939. Sicilian Defence.
1 e4 cS l �c3 �c6 3 g3 g6 4 .igl .ig7 S �gel e6 6 d3 �ge7 7 .te3 �d4 8 '@dl 'WaS
9 f4 d6 10 b4 1!fxb4 1 1 lib1 �xel 12 Resigns. (1847)
Speed chess
The scores of speed games from yesteryear are scarce, but the American Chess Bulletin of
April 1 9 1 8 (page 78) published one between Marshall and Janowsky, played at twenty
seconds per move:
F.J.Marshaii-D.Janowsky, New York, 1 9 1 8. Queen's Pawn Game.
1 d4 li:lf6 2 li:lf3 b6 3 .ig5 .tb7 4 li:lbd2 d5 5 e3 e6 6 .td3 .te7 7 0-0 li:le4 8 .txe7 1!fxe7
9 ll:le5 0-0 10 f3 li:lxd2 11 1!fxd2 c5 12 c3 li:ld7 13 li:lxd7 'it'xd7 14 lladl 1!fe7 15 e4
llad8 16 'iff2 cxd4 17 cxd4 1!ff6 18 e5 'ifb6 19 f4 f6 20 t!Ye2 f5 21 .ta6 J.xa6 22 'it'xa6
llf7 23 llcl g5 24 llc8 llxc8 25 1!Vxc8+ llf8 26 fxg5 'fi'g6 27 t!Yd7 f4 28 llcl 'fi'e4
29 't!Vxe6+ �h8 30 llfl 'fi'e3+ 31 �hl 'fi'e2 32 �1 'fi'e3+ 33 llf2 1!Vel + 34 llfl
t!Ye3+ 35 llf2 !Vel+ Drawn. (1848)
Problem moves
A game with some pretty play, but how sound was it?
J.Caldas Vianna-A.Silvestre, Rio de Janeiro, February 1900.19 Evans Gambit Accepted.
1 e4 e5 2 li:lf3 ll:lc6 3 .tc4 .tc5 4 b4 .txb4 5 c3 .ta5 6 d4 exd4 7 0-0 d6 8 '@b3 'fi'f6
9 e5 dxe5 10 llel .id7 1 1 .ig5 1!Vf5 12 ll:lxe5 ll:lxe5 13 f4 f6 14 'fi'xb7 lld8 15 fxe5
fxg5 16 llfl 'fi'xe5 1 7 li:ld2 ll:le7 18 llael 'fi'c5 19 J.f7+ � 20 J,g6+ .tf5 21 J.xf5
li:lxf5 22 ll:le4 '@b6 23 llxf5+ �8
24 li:ld6 dxc3+ 25 �hl h6 26 1!fd5+ �h7 27 1!fe4 �g8 28 1!fe6+ �h7 29 llf6 llhf8
30 '@f5+ �8 31 llxf8+ llxf8 32 1!Vxf8+ �f8 33 lle8 mate.
Source: American Chess Bulletin, January 1922, page 1 3 .
Not the least attractive point o f 24 li:ld6 is the threat of 25 1!Vd5 mate. I n the American
Chess Bulletin, C.S.Howell claimed that Black would lose a piece after 24 . . . 1!Vxb7
25 ll:lxb7, but Lasker's Manual of Chess (pages 141-142) said that Black should have
parried with 24 . . . 1!Vxb7 25 ll:lxb7 .txc3 26 li:lxd8 .txe l 27 lle5 .tb4. (1852)
Games 83
Announced mate ·
This game is taken from page 65 of Kunst des Positionsspiels:

Schonmann-H.Heinicke, Hamburg, 1952. Sicilian Defence.
1 e4 cS 2 �f3 g6 3 d4 i.g7 4 dS d6 S c4 �f6 6 J.d3 0-0 7 0-0 e6 8 �c3 exdS 9 exdS
�bd7 10 J.f4 �e8 1 1 l:e1 a6 1 2 'Wd2 �df6 13 h3 J.d7 14 l:e2 'WaS 15 �e4 'Wxd2
16 �fxd2 �xe4 1 7 �xe4 .tfS 1 8 g4 .txe4 19 .txe4 bS 20 J.d3 l:ab8 21 l:ae1 bxc4
22 .txc4 .txb2 23 .txa6 J.c3 24 l:cl J.d4 25 J.c4 f6 26 �2 gS 27 J.g3 J.e5 28 a4
l:f7 29 a5 l:a7 30 a6 'itf8 31 l:a2 l:b4 32 <M'3 �c7 33 .txe5 fxe5 34 <t>e4 �a8
35 c;i((S �b6 36 .tf1
Now, to Schonmann's astonishment, Black announced mate in ten moves by 36 ...

h6 37 'it>e6 �c8 38 l:c4 l:b3 39 J.g2 <3i/g7 40 J.e4 l:e7+ 4 1 c;i(£5 l:f3+ 42 .txf3 e4
43 nxe4 l:f7+ 44 <3i/e6 <3ilg6, followed by 45 ... l:e7.
It is hard to recall a similar announcement out of the blue. Perhaps a reader with the
technology or the grey matter can do a check of its correctness. (1 857)
Best game
Frank Crowl described the following game, a loss, as perhaps the best he had ever played
up to that time. We would merely add that it brings to mind the old quip (first made by
whom?) about spectacular moves which look like typographical errors.
C.J.S.Purdy-F.A.Crowl, Correspondence , 1934-35. Nimzo-Indian Defence.
1 d4 �f6 2 c4 e6 3 �c3 J.b4 4 t!fc2 .txc3+ S '@'xc3 �e4 6 '@'c2 f5 7 e3 b6 8 J.d3
J.b7 9 �e2 'ifh4 10 0-0 �c6 1 1 g3 t!ff6 12 a3 �gS 13 f3 0-0 14 J.d2 l:Iae8 15 J.c3
'ifh6 16 h4 �f7 17 e4 g5 18 �2 g4 19 fxg4
19 ... lL!ceS 20 dxeS fxe4 21 .ixe4 1Vg6 22 lUS .ixe4+ 23 1Vxe4 exfS 24 gxfS lLld6
2S "t!VdS+ 1Vf7 26 exd6 lixe2+ 27 'it'f3 lie6 28 g4 hS 29 dxc7 hxg4+ 30 �g4 lic6
31 lig1 'it>h7 32 1Vxf7+ lixf7 33 lie1 lixc4+ 34 �S lieS 3S lieS lig7+ 36 �S
lic6 37 f6 lixf6 38 ligS lih6+ 39 'lt>g4 lixgS+ 40 �gS lic6 41 .ieS dS 42 c;M5 bS
43 b4 a6 44 �4 �6 4S hS+ 'it'xhS 46 �3 Resigns.
Source: How Purdy Won by C.J.S.Purdy, F.Hutchings and K.Harrison, pages 19-22.20
(1859)
We have come across the following on page 1 5 1 of the McKay paperback edition of
Napier's Paul Morphy and the Golden Age of Chess:
'Some of Marshall's most sparkling moves look at first like typographical
errors. See this famous game.'
Then comes the score of the 'gold coins' masterpiece. (1918)
Chapter 3
Openings
The French Defence
Tarrasch's move 3 lll d2 in the French Defence had been seen in play before Tarrasch
himself (born 1 862) introduced it. The Illustrated London News of 7 March 1 874 gave
a game between G.B.Fraser and H.M.Stirling which began I e4 e6 2 d4 d5 3 lll d 2 c5
4 c3 ll\c6 5 lll gf3 1Wb6. Staunton in his notes calls 3 lll d 2 'A novelty not undeserving
attention' but recommends 5 ... lll f6 instead of 5 . . . 1Wb6. (43)
An early Polish
Land and Water (2 1 June 1 873) gives what is the earliest case of 1 b4 that we have
seen. The Oxford Encyclopedia of Chess Games has no examples, so was Rev. A.B.Skip
worth the first to play it, in 1 868?
A.B.Skipworth-Cuthbertson, Challenge Cup Tourney, 1 868. Polish Opening.
(Notes from Land and Water)
1 b4 (We do not remember to have ever seen a game opened in this way before. It is
certainly an ingenious novelty and deserves examination.) 1 e5 2 i.b2 d6 (Better play
.•.
than taking the pawn.) 3 e3 c6 4 c4 lllf6 5 i.d3 i.e7 6 llle2 llla6 7 @b3 e4 8 i.c2 i.g4
9 lll bc3 d5 10 c5 1!Vd7 11 h3 i.e6 12 llld4 b6 13 Wa4 lll xb4 (Cleverly played, but of
somewhat doubtful soundness. ) 14 lllxe6 (Much better than taking the knight.) 14 ...
lll xc2+ 15 Wxc2 Wxe6 ( 1 5 . . . fxe6 seems preferable. ) 16 cxb6 axb6 17 lll e2 't!Vd7 18 0-0
0-0 19 f4 Wd6 20 llld4 c5 21 lllf5 Vd7 22 g4 h6 23 lU2 (White, though minus a pawn,
has now a very formidable attack.) 23 ... h5 (An irreparable error, of which White is not
slow to avail himself.) 24 @d1 hxg4 25 hxg4 liad8 26 lll xe7+ '9Wxe7 27 g5 lll e8 28 't!Vh5
d4 29 lig2 and wins (29 lih2 seems more immediately conclusive.). (55)
Alekhine's Defence
Michael McDowell suggests that the 1974 book The World of Chess by A.Saidy and
N .Lessing has a large number of errors. On page 1 74 we learn that Alekhine 'introduced
the defense which bears his name ( 1 e4 lllf6), but, oddly enough, never played it again'.
Of course this is untrue, 1 although it is accurate to say that Alekhine became rather
disillusioned with the defence in later years. What is particularly interesting is how such
an historical blunder can be made in the first place. (1 12)
From C. Derek Robinson:

'The howler about Alekhine's solitary use of the defence bearing his name
antedates Saidy andLessing. It goes back at least asfar as R.N. Coles' Dynamic
Chess (his introduction to A. Steiner-Aiekhine, Budapest, 1921). ' 2 (248)
Openings 87
Hugh Myers points out that on page 140 ofPaul Keres Chess Master Class by I.Neishtadt
it is stated that Alekhine's Defence 'had been employed earlier by the Moscow player
M. Klyatsky'. Is this, he asks, the Mikhail G. Klyatskin, 1 897- 1926, in Gaige's Catalog?
Mr Myers informs us that 1 e4 lbf6 received some publicity from its use in tournament
odds games by Pearson in 1 862, but that Russians should have known about it for a
long time (it was in A.Petroffs Shakhmatnaya igra, 1 824). Petroff no doubt picked
it up from Allgaier; both gave 2 e5 lbe4 although in 1 824 Petroff did mention 2 . . . lbd5
3 c4 with the idea of 4 d4. Which was the earliest Allgaier edition to give what was
subsequently 'Alekhine's Defence'? (646)
From Bernard Cafferty:

'The Russian version of the Keres book gives Klyatskin, a study composer who
liked 1 e4 lbf6. See page 165 of the first volume ofTartakower's Best Games
for a linking of Klyatskin and Alekhine as the names for this defence. '
The question at the end of C.N. 646 is answered by Rob Verhoeven, who sends a
photocopy of an extract from the first edition of Allgaier's work (Vienna, 1 8 19). The
moves given are 1 e4 lbf6 2 e5 lbd5 3 c4 lbb6 4 d4 d6 5 f4 f6 6 i.d3 dxe5 7 fxe5 fxe5
8 !Vh5+ 'it>d7 9 Wxe5 , with the variation 4 . . . e6 5 f4 i.b4+ 6 lbd2. (734)
Hugh Myers writes:

'That doesn't quite answer the question because Vienna, 1819 was the fourth
edition ofAllgaier . . . Thefirst two editions were 1 79511 796 and 1802. I would
like to know what those editions say about "Aiekhine's Defence", as compared
to the 1819 edition. ' (781)
Rob Verhoeven tells us that the 1 8 19 fourth edition of Allgaier was the first in which
'Alekhine's Defence' was mentioned. (805)
C.N.s 646 and 734 examined some pre-Alekhine examples of Alekhine's Defence. We
now note that pages 42-43 of the January 1 898 BCM published the following game:
T.Physick-J.E.Hall, Telephone match between the Yorkshire Chess Association and
the City of London Chess Club, 1 8 December 1 897. Alekhine's Defence.
(Notes from The Standard, reproduced in the BCM)
' 1 e4 lbf6
Mr Hall is very partial to this move; but we have never seen it adopted by any
other player. Prima facie it is contrary to principles (as second player), and
practically the Knight being attacked it is driven over to the Queen's side,
where it out [sic] of play after having lost several moves.
2 e5 lbd5 3 i.c4
3 c4 is preferable. White loses a move with 3 i.c4.
3 ... lbb6 4 i.e2 d5 5 d4 i.f5 6 lbf3 e6 7 0-0 c5
The position is now a French Defence, similar to the variation 4 e5 lbfd7, etc.
8 c3 lbc6 9 i.e3 lbd7 10 i.d3 i.xd3 11 'ifxd3 i.e7 12 lbbd2 0-0 13 lbe1 f6
He might have played 1 3 . . . f5. White would have probably replied 14 f4,
when Black's e-pawn would have been safer than afterwards.
14 f4 c4
Even now we prefer 14 . . . f5, followed by 1 5 . . . cxd4 and 1 6 . . . 1!rb6 or 1 6 . . .
1!re8. O r 1 4 . . . fxe5 1 5 fxe5 lilxfl+ 1 6 tt:lxf1 cxd4 1 7 cxd4 1!rb6, followed b y 1 8
... l:U8.
15 1!re2 fxe5 16 fxe5 lbfl+ 17 tt:lxfl .tg5 18 1!rg4 .txe3+ 19 tt:lxe3 1!re7 20 tt:lf3
lU8 21 tt:lg5 tt:ld8 22 't!rh5 h6
With 14 . . . c4 he drove the Queen into a better position, thus enabling White
to get up a powerful attack.
23 tt:lh3 llf7 24 g3 tt:lf8 25 tt:lg2 llf5 26 1!rg4 �h7
26 . . . h5 would have driven the Queen off the file or forced exchange of
Queens.
27 tt:lgf4 g6 28 �2 tt:lf7 29 1!re2
Threatening to win the exchange.
29 ... tt:lg5 30 tt:lf2 �g7 31 h4 tt:lgh7 32 tt:lg4 tt:ld7 33 1!rc2 1!re8 34 tt:le3 llf8 35
h5 g5 36 tt:lg6 llf7 37 1!re2 tt:ldf8 38 l:Ih1 lld7
He should not have quitted the open file.
39 tt:lxf8 tt:lxf8 40 llfl llf7 41 llf6
A fine move. If 4 1 . . . llxf6, then 42 exf6+ �xf6 43 tt:lxd5+ and wins.
41 ... 1!re7
Black's game is untenable.
42 tt:lg4 tt:lh7 43 llg6+ � 44 tt:lxh6 llg7 45 1!rg4 llxg6 46 hxg6 Resigns.
For if 46 ... 1!rg7, then 47 1!rxe6 etc. Mr Physick played the whole game in fine
style, and the ending is a model of precision and elegance.'
Within a few minutes of coming across the above game we were able to construct a
detailed picture of John Edmund Hall ( 1 853- 194 1 ) simply by following up the references
in Chess Persona/ia. Without Gaige's book, this would have been impossible. (1 782)
The Paris Opening
Jeroen van de Weijer is interested in the Paris Opening, 1 tt:lh3, and gives some interest
ing examples of its successes:
R.Harnett-H.D.MUiler, Guernsey, 1980. Paris Opening.
1 tt:lh3 e5 2 g3 d5 3 f4 .txh3 4 .txh3 exf4 5 0-0 fxg3 6 e4 gxh2+ 7 �h1 dxe4 8 d3 tt:lf6
9 tt:lc3 exd3 10 .tg5 .te7 11 1!rf3 0-0 12 l:Iae1 tt:lc6 13 1fg2 tt:lh5 14 .txe7 tt:lxe7
15 .tg4 d2 16 lle5 tt:lf6 1 7 lbf6 gxf6 18 l:Id5 @b8 19 llh5 �7 20 1ifxd2 llh8
21 't!rh6+ �g8 22 tt:le4 Resigns.
The idea goes back to Tartakower:
S.Tartakower-A.Lilienthal, Paris, 1933. Paris Opening.
1 tt:lh3 e5 2 g3 d5 3 f4 .txh3 4 .txh3 exf4 5 0-0 fxg3 6 hxg3 tt:lf6 7 d3 tt:lc6 8 lL'lc3
.td6 9 .tg5 .txg3 10 .txf6 gxf6 11 e4 l:Ig8 12 lLlxd5 .te5+ 13 �1 1!rd6 14 c3
l:Ig3 15 't!rh5 llxd3 16 l:Iad1 l:Ixd1 17 l:Ixd1 tt:le7 18 tt:le3 1fc5 19 1!rxh7 Resigns. 3
Openings 89
Our correspondent also quotes the following remarkable game:

H.Myers-T.Alvarez, Santo Domingo, 1966. Paris Opening.
1 lt'lh3 d5 2 g3 e5 3 f4 .ixh3 4 .ixh3 exf4 5 0-0 fxg3 6 e4 gxh2+ 7 Wh1 dxe4 8 lt'lc3
ll'lf6 9 d3 exd3 10 .ig5 dxc2 ('And yet another one. I claim a world record for most
pawns gambitted in the first ten moves: six.' - Myers on page 26 of Exploring the Chess
Openings. ) 11 !Vf3 .ie7 12 @xb7 lt'lbd7 13 .ixd7+ lt'lxd7 14 .ixe7 Wxe7 15 lt'ld5+
Wf8 16 lt'lxc7 lt'lc5 17 ll'le6+ lt'lxe6 18 @xf7 mate. (124)
From M.Macdonald-Ross:
'Readers interested in the history of irregular openings should get to know the
work of Hugh Myers, who is undoubtedly the world's leading authority on such
matters. His little magazine The Myers Openings Bulletin has many interesting
(and sometimes original) pieces ofhistorical research on opening theory, and his
book Exploring the Chess Openings is a minor classic. ' (269)
In C.N. 124 it was stated that the idea of 1 ll'lh3 goes back to Tartakower, and a 1933
example was published. In Botsford Chess Openings, however, 1 lt'lh3 is called the
Amar Opening, and a 1932 game in which Amar beat Tartakower with it is given (as
well as a 1932 game in which Tartakower was White). How did the idea originate,
and who was Amar?4 (344)
Gunter Muller sends an extract from Exploring the Chess Openings by Hugh E. Myers.
From this we learn that Amar was a Parisian amateur and does not, as Harding
apparently guessed in Irregular Openings, mean Absolutely Mad And Ridiculous.
(380)
Since the opening 1 ll'lh3 is known as the Paris Opening, why not surrender to
romanticism and play the move against the French Defence? Can it be that bad
to begin 1 e4 e6 2 ll'lh3?
The only game with this opening that we have been able to locate is Wolf-Zinkl
(played 1 897/8): 1 e4 e6 2 lt'lh3 d5 3 f3 dxe4 4 fxe4 .ic5 5 @h5 lt'ld7 6 c3 lt'lgf6 7 @f3
e5 8 d3 0-0 and Black eventually won. The full score is given on pages 192- 193 of the
December 1 898 Wiener Schachzeitung, which notes that 2 lt'lh3 was first played by Wolf
against the same opponent in a match in 1 897. (495)
Blackburne on the English
Annotating a game in the October 1904 issue of the BCM (page 406), Blackburne says
of his first move, 1 c4: 'I play this move not that I like it, but because my opponent likes
it less.' 5 (183)
Blackburne a foreshadower?
According to Horton's chess dictionary (page 17), Harry Golombek wrote that
Blackburne 'curiously foreshadowed the most modern developments', pointing out
that J.H.B. played the opening moves of the Nimzo-lndian Defence and Reti Opening
before N. and R. were born. 6 That much we knew, but can anyone put any ·meat
on the theory in the way that R.N.Coles did for Staunton? In other words, did
Blackburne's games show evidence of a system? (283)
W .H.Cozens replies:
'No, not at all. He was the mostfaithful exponent of the open game right to the
last. Even in his last tournament (St Petersburg, 1914) he played P-K4 most
of the time. We tend to forget his sense of humour. When he sat down
opposite Nimzowitsch one can almost see the twinkle in his eye as he opened
1 e3! d6! 2 f4! etc. (and won!). If anyone tried to be funny with him he played
along: Guns berg v Blackburne went 1 e3 g6, followed by ... i.g7, . . . d6, ...
e6, . . . tiJe7, ... 0-0. Late in life, like other aged masters, he did not trust
his own opening erudition against the youngsters (e.g. he met Marshall's
Q-Pawn with ... tiJf6, ... c6, . . . d6, . . . '@c7). But to see a hypermodern system
in all this is reading into it more than is there. ' (411)
Old opening assessments
W.H.Cozens reports J.H.Blackburne's comments on the Nimzo-lndian Defence (page

1 34 of P. Anderson Graham's book). Englisch-Blackburne, London, 1 883: 1 d4 e6 2 c4
tiJf6 3 tiJc3 �b4. 'Not much good comes of this. The best place for the bishop is at
e7.' (The game was drawn.) (41 1)
The Complete Chess Course by Fred Reinfeld (Unwin Paperbacks) is a compendium of

six separate books pasted together to offer a single volume that is good value, if
confusing reading.
At a time when 1 . . . a6 is being accorded serious theoretical consideration7 and
Kasparov's famous remark 'Chess is not skittles' is being unfavourably received in the
context of 1 c4 g5, it is quaint to read some of Reinfeld's flat statements on the openings:
Alekhine's Defence: 'This vehement counterattack is considered premature, as it
leads to a difficult game for Black.'
Centre-Counter Defence: 'This is definitely an inferior defence.'
1 e4 tiJc6: 'This is another mediocre defence that has little to recommend it.'
1 e4 d6: 'This line of play is as timid as Alekhine's Defence is brash.'
Surely even beginners should not be deceived to this extent. And talking of deception,
the publisher's blurb tries hard to make out that Reinfeld is still alive, while darkly
calling him 'a former chess master' . (499)
Openings 91
Annotating a game Judd-Ware in the Philadelphia, 1 876 tournament book (reprinted

by Olms), B.M.Neill writes of 1 e4 d5: 'Inferior, and containing the seeds of defeat'
(page 99). (1131)
Ed Tassinari points out that many assessments of the kind quoted in C.N. 1 1 3 1 are to be
found in the Hastings, 1 895 tournament book, edited by H.Cheshire:
Blackburne annotating Burn-Mieses: 1 d4 d5 2 ltlf3 ltlf6 3 c4 dxc4. ' An inferior
defence� the capture of this Pawn is the source of all Black's subsequent troubles. 3 . . . e6
is the correct move.'
Gunsberg annotating Pillsbury-Tarrasch: 1 d4 d5 2 c4 e6 3 ltlc3 ltlf6 4 i.g5. 'No
good results from this early sortie of the Bishop. The attack, or, perhaps better
speaking, would-be attack, differs from similar play in the French Defence, inasmuch
as White has not e5 at his command.'
Teichmann annotating Steinitz-Tinsley: 1 d4 ltlf6 2 c4 c5. 'An original way of meeting
the Queen's Gambit, but certainly not a good one.' (1144)
Another over-vigorous bashing of the Centre Counter Game is by Burn (BCM,

September 19 14, page 335). He gives 1 . . . d5 a question mark and writes: 'Not a
good move, as Black, on re-taking the Pawn after the capture, has to lose time in
retreating his Queen. ' (1210)
Ed Tassinari provides two more outmoded opening assessments, from Capablanca's

Havana, 1 9 1 3 tournament book:
Game 1 , Kupchik-Janowsky: 1 d4 d5 2 ltlf3 ltlf6 3 c4 dxc4. 'This move is considered
weak.'
Game 2, Corzo-Capablanca: 1 d4 ltlf6 2 c4. '2 lbf3 seems preferable to the text move.'
(1236)
From Jerome Bibuld:

'In C.N. 1 131 you quote B.M.Neill in opposition to the Centre Counter. C.N.
1210 contains another disparagement, by Burn. I now offer the peak of the
nineteenth century, Wilhelm Steinitz, who wrote in The International Chess
Magazine (April 1885, page 116):
"The centre-counter gambit is unfavorable to the second player, being
contrary to the principles of development, for it brings the Q too early
into play in the centre and allows the opponent to gain time by attacking
her with minor pieces.'" (1 296)
Some more outmoded opening assessments:

J .Mason on Lasker-Bird: 'Mr Bird is about the only player of note who now believes
in the Sicilian.' (BCM, October 1 892, page 439)
C.E.Ranken on Baird-Lasker ( 1 e4 c5 2 ltlf3): '2 ltlc3 is the recognized reply, prevent
ing . . . d5 and protecting his e-pawn.' (BCM, January 1 893, page 44)
E. Freeborough on Tarrasch-von Scheve ( 1 e4 .e6 2 d4 d5 3 ltJc3 .ib4 '?' ): 'Leading

either to retreat or to an unfavourable exchange.' (BCM, January 1 895, page 33)
J .Mason on Steinitz-Lasker (1 e4 e6 2 d4 d5 3 ltJd2): 'If the attack in the French is best
reduced to this, then its outlook is distinctly gloomy. For ordinary purposes, the
ordinary 3 ltJc3 will scarcely thus be superseded.' (BCM, September 1 896, page 377)
In each of the above cases the player of the 'weak' move lost the game. (1434)
Ed Tassinari quotes a few comments by Max Euwe on page 32 of the November 195 1
CHESS:
'Bizarre - and Bad - Lines against the Nimzo-Indian Defence'
4 .ig5: 'A move without significance.' Euwe quotes only Reti-Marshall, Brno, 1928,
where Black rapidly got the better of it after Reti erred.
4 g3: 'Just as useless.' He quotes Alekhine-Reshevsky, AVRO, 1938.
4 l'Llf3: In reply, '4 . . . c5 represents a simpler way [than 4 ... b6] of equalizing.'
(1479)
1 ... f6
1 . . f6 must be one of the very weakest replies to the king's pawn opening, yet occasion
.
ally it is seen in master praxis. Barnes won with it against Morphy in 1 858, although the
move failed to serve him well against Anderssen in London four years later. The next
occurrence of 1 e4 f6 that we have been able to find is Marco-Winawer in the fifth round
of the Berlin, 1 897 tournament. White won in 6 1 moves. Any others? (451)
From Ken Neat:

'A recent issue of Shakhmaty (Riga) reports on a thematic correspondence
tournament 1981-1983, in which all the games started 1 d4 f6. The
correspondent S. Grodzensky suggests that the critical continuation is 2 e4
e5!? 3 dxe5 .ic5 4 .ic4 !Ve7 5 .ixg8 llxg8 6 ltJf3, when White's position is
preferable. '
The only 1 e4 f6 game we have seen since writing C.N. 45 1 is Schneider-Perna,
Dresden, 1 892 (pages 236-237 of the tournament book). (1250)
Richter-Veresov
Vienna 1890 by Warren Goldman gives (page 66) the earliest 'Richter-Veresov' we
have noted. Popiel-Marco (round four) began: 1 d4 d5 2 ltJc3 ltJf6 3 .ig5 .if5.
Black won in thirty moves.8 (601)
Openings 93
The best first move
R.F.Bradley sends the following from page 1 67 of the April 1935 BCM:
' "Will there ever come a day" asks Clarence S. Howell, annotating a game
beginning with 1 P-Q4 P-Q4 2 P-QB4, "when this absurdly dull opening is
barred? The QP openings have taken all the romance out of chess. The
nonsense of it all is that there are thirteen ways to play against 1 P-Q4, all of
which are good enough to draw. Against 1 P-K4 I do not know (and I believe
no master knows) of a certain way to draw." ' (663)
The Krejcik Gambit
One day justice will be done to that remarkable Austrian polymath Dr Josef Krejcik,
a recurring name throughout decades of the Wiener Schachzeitung's existence. From
pages 2 1 5-2 1 6 of the July 1925 issue comes this agreeable little game under the title
'A New Gambit' :
J.Krejcik-Dr Fr.Schmuttermaier, Reinberg-Dobersberg, 9 August 1924.
'Krejcik Gambit'.
1 e4 lt:lf6 2 f3 e5 3 .tc4 .tc5 4 'Lle2 lt:lc6 5 b4 .tb6 6 a4 lt:lxb4 7 a5 .tc5 8 c3 lt:lc6 9 a6
bxa6 10 d4 exd4 11 cxd4 .tb4+ 12 .td2 .txd2+ 13 'ti'xd2 d5 14 exd5 lt:lxd5 15 lt:lbc3
lt:lxc3 16 'ti'xc3 'ti'd6 17 .txa6 .txa6 18 llxa6 'Ctd7 19 0-0 llhe8 20 lUc1 :iile6 21 d5
'ti'xd5 22 li:lf4 'ti'd4+ 23 'ti'xd4 li:lxd4 24 li:lxe6 li:le2+ 25 'Ctt£2 li:lxc1 26 li:lc5+ c:Jile7
27 :aa1 Resigns. Domination.

The annotations reveal that the 'stem game' of this opening was Krejcik-Bourqui
(6 January 1924), which had continued: 5 . . . .txb4 6 c3 .tc5 7 d4 exd4 8 cxd4 .tb4+
9 .td2 .txd2+ 1 0 'fi'xd2 d6 1 1 li:lbc3 0-0 1 2 0-0 a6 1 3 llab 1 b5 14 .td3 llb8 1 5 llfc l .
Another of Krejcik's early experiments is mentioned: 1 e4 li:lf6 2 .tc4 li:lxe4 3 .txf7+
'Ctxf7 4 'ti'h5+ g6 5 't!t'd5+, etc. (match game against Gottlieb, March 1922). (696)
Not a blunder
Page 56 of The Opening Game in Chess by Ludek Pachman gives 1 e4 e5 2 l0f3 l0f6
3 l0xe5 l0xe4. This last move, which we were all brought up to believe to be a blunder,
is described as follows: 'Black can make this line into a gambit which is not without
chances [after 4 t¥e2]: 4 . . . '@'e7 5 '@xe4 d6 6 d4 dxe5 7 dxe5 l0c6 8 .i.b5 .i.d7 followed by
. . . 0-0-0, or 7 tfxe5 '@'xe5 8 dxe5 .i.f5 followed by . . . l0d7 and . . . 0-0-0.' 9 (744)
1 h3
The game between Paulsen and von Gottschall at Dresden, 1 892 (see page 209 of the
tournament book) opened 1 h3. Play continued 1 . . . e5 2 c4 l0c6 3 e3 l0f6 4 a3 d5, and
Black won at move 32. 10 (751)
Opening rarities
According to page 4 of Chernev's Wonders and Curiosities of Chess, Griinfeld played

1 e4 only once in his tournament (and match?) career, against Capablanca at Carlsbad,
1929. 1 1 On page 1 8 of the same book it is claimed that Chigorin played 1 d4 only once,
against Albin at Nuremberg, 1 896. True or false? (819)
John Gray and Michael McDowell point out that the Chigorin claim is false: he played
1 d4 twice at London, 1 883, against Mackenzie and Bird. Mr Gray informs us that
I.Romanov's study (Moscow, 1960) attributes the incorrect claim to N.Grekov's
M.I. Chigorin. (864)
Opening dogmatism
From Charles Warburton's My Chess Adventures, page 42:

'Mr Cairncross replied with the Caro-Kann, an opening which to my mind is
uninteresting, sterile, and which permits White altogether too much choice
and initiative. It was with something of pleasure, but little surprise, that
I learnt of Botvinnik beating Spielmann's Caro in eleven moves, and
Alekhine several times won match games in twelve or thirteen moves against
it. 12 Typically convincing is the thought of Dr Emanuel Lasker who was
known to say "anything is good enough to play once", but apparently not the
Caro-Kann for he never once played it in a match game!'
Where does one start? Botvinnik's win was in twelve moves; for 'match' games (twice)
read tournament and/or match; did Alekhine really win 'several times'?; is the Lasker
quote credible?; why the anti Caro-Kann dogmatism? (876)
Openings 95
Disagreement
Alekhine and Reti had opposite views on the worth of Capablanca's sixth move in his
game (as White) against Yates at New York, 192413 ( 1 d4 lLlf6 2 lLlf3 g6 3 lLlc3 d5 4 i.f4
i.g7 5 e3 0-0 6 h3). Alekhine, in the tournament book, said it was 'not exactly necessary
. . . after the text-move, Black obtains some counter-play, the defense of which will
demand all of the world champion's care.' Reti, however, calls 6 h3 'a move of genius'
(Homenaje a Capablanca, pages 1 85- 1 86). For him it is 'the most profound move of the
entire game'. He explains its idea as follows (our resume): if Black is to make the most of
his king's bishop he will need to play, eventually, either . . . e5 or . . . c5. Capablanca's plan
is to prevent the former, so as to force the latter. This will transfer the battle to the queen's
side, where White will have every chance of securing an advantage, owing to the absence
on that flank of Black's dark-squared bishop. Capablanca, in view of the position of his
own bishop in the centre of the board, prevents the centre from becoming the battlefield
by 6 h3. He does not allow Black to play 6 . . . i.g4, followed by . . . lLlbd7 and . . . e5. (916)
Strange balance
At Budapest, 1926 Alekhine 's Defence was played fifteen times, and the Queen's Indian
Defence twenty-four, much more than any other openings in the tournament. Why?
(For example, there were six French Defences, one Caro-Kann and nine Sicilians, so
Alekhine's Defence all but outnumbered the other semi-open defences combined. )
(1135)
As recorded on page 27 of Dale Brandreth's edition of the Kemeri-Riga, 1939 tour
nament book, the Ruy Lopez was played in that event only once in the 1 20 games.
It will be surprising if a reader can quote a comparable case concerning this most
popular of openings. 14 (1607)
Staunton's hypermodernism
When was Staunton's 'contribution' to hypermodernism first noted? We will suggest

1926, having noted the following on page 360 of the August BCM of that year:
'La Strategie for June has an article on the "hypermodern game" in which the
writer, Commandant H.Rey, of Toulon, attributes the invention of Ia partie
ante-hypermoderne, as he calls it, to Staunton in 1 843, when he played his big
match with Saint-Amant. 1 5 Having previously lost an informal match to that
player, he worked out behind closed doors, in company with very strong
players like Cochrane, Po pert, etc., the openings which he proposed to play
in the second match. Saint-Amant, meanwhile, according to Commandant
Rey, "went on selling his wines". The unusual openings adopted by Staunton
became the foundation of the later "hypermodern chess". ' (1 157)
Piece sacrifice anticipated
One of Alekhine's most notable sacrificial experiments occurred in the sixth match
game of his World Championship match against Euwe in 1937. As White he opened
1 d4 d5 2 c4 c6 3 lbc3 dxc4 4 e4 e5 5 J.xc4 exd4 6 lbf3 and won quickly after Euwe's
6 . . . b5?. In his notes (My Best Games) Alekhine said that his 'chief variation started
6 . . . dxc3 7 J.xf7+ rtle7 8 't!Yb3 lbf6, etc. , which contradicts Reinfeld's claim (The
Human Side of Chess, page 2 1 1 ) that 'the greatest gamble of his life' was played 'on the
spur of the moment'.
It always seems to have been assumed that Alekhine was the first to play this piece
sacrifice, but we have found the following game, recorded as having been played
thirteen years earlier, in 120 Partidas Cortas de Ajedrez by Gumersindo Martinez
(Havana, 1947), page 74:
J.F.Migoya-N.N., Havana, 1924. Queen's Gambit Declined.
1 d4 d5 2 c4 c6 3 lbc3 dxc4 4 e4 e5 5 lbf3 exd4 6 J.xc4! dxc3? 7 J.xf7+! rtle7 8 'fi'b3
lt:Jf6 9 0-0 lba6 10 J.g5 h6 11 J.h4 g5 12 lbxg5 hxg5 13 J.xg5 J.g7 14 e5 IUS?
15 exf6+ J.xf6 16 l:Ue1 + rtld6 17 liadl + rtlc7 18 J.f4+ Resigns.
Punctuation as given in that book. (1 181)
2 't!Yh5
Readers of Chess Characters, Reminiscences of a Badmaster will recall G.H.Diggle's

comments on changing opening fashions. From article 69, a description of 'London
Open Air Chess':
' . . . the BM noticed a "tender infant" of some three feet high opening in a
skittle with 1 P-KN3 and 2 B-N2; how he sighed for his own robust days of
schoolboy chess when 1 P-K4 and 2 Q-R5 was "book", followed by the
"thematic" 2 . . . P-KN3, 3 QxKPch, 4 QxR and Q x everything else she could
lay her hands on.'
The only 2 't!Yh5 game we can recall seeing in print is E.E.Southard-H.B.Hill (in
a Boston v New England match), which appeared on pages 1 1 2- 1 1 3 of the January
1907 issue of The Chess Amateur. White won in 27 moves. The annotator, W .P.Turnbull,
writes of 2 't!Yh5: 'The Danvers Opening. Not so bad as it looks.' After 2 ... lt:Jc6 3 J.c4
'fi'f6 he says that 3 ... 't!Ye7 may be better, reserving f6 for the knight, or 3 . . . g6. The
game continued 4 lbc3 J.c5 5 lbf3. Turnbull asks whether White could have played
5 lt:Jd5, giving as a possible sequel 5 . . . 't!Yxf2+ 6 rtld 1 Wxg2 7 lbxc7+ rtld8 8 lbxa8 i.xg l .
Where does 'Danvers' come from? (1382)
Richard Lappin informs us that he recently gained access to Daly's archives, which are
currently located at the Boylston Chess Club, Boston, MA. He has discovered two 1 e4
e5 2 't!Yh5 games, which Daly headed with 'Danvers Opening'. These begin as follows:
1 ) H.B.Daly-G.N.Cheney, 'N.Y.S.C.A. General Tournament, Trenton Falls, N.Y.,
Openings 97
24 July 1906': 1 e4 e5 2 'ifh5 �c6 3 .i.c4 1!fe7 4 d3 �f6 5 1!ff3 �d4 6 'ifd1 b5 7 .i.b3
�xb3 8 axb3 'ire6 9 f4 .i.c5 10 f5 'ifc6. (Black resigned at move 39.)
2) H.B.Daly-J.L.McCudden, 'N.Y.S.C.A. Championship Tournament, Rye Beach,
N.Y., Round 3, 24 July 19 18': 1 e4 e5 2 1!fh5 �f6 3 Wxe5+ .i.e7 4 �c3 �c6 5 'ifg3
�b4 6 �d 1 d5 7 a3 d4 8 axb4 dxc3 9 bxc3 �xe4 10 1!fe3 �f6. (Black resigned at
move 45.)
From Gaige's Chess Personalia: Harlow Bussey Daly, born in Dorchester, MA
on 2 December 1 883, died on 8 July 1979 in Framingham, MA .
The Massachusetts connection may be relevant, since Danvers is a town in that state.
(1535)
Found at last: the origin of the name 'Danvers Opening' ( 1 e4 e5 2 'ifh5).

From page 1 of the January 1908 American Chess Bulletin (an account of speeches
at a banquet marking the fiftieth birthday of the Boston Chess Club):
'Dr E.E.Southard, who was the Harvard College champion for a number of
years and who is now a specialist on mental diseases at the Danvers Insane
Hospital, tried to explain how his acquaintance with chess players assisted
him in his profession and why he named his pet debut the Danvers Opening,
which consists of P-K4 and Q-R5 as White's first and second moves.'
It is easy to imagine the above finding its way into many a future chess trivia quiz
('What opening was named after an institution for the insane?').
The Southard-Hill game referred to in C.N. 1 382 was played at Boston on 30 May
1905, and in the same (forty-board) match a game between G.T.McClure and
F.Mathewson opened 1 e4 e5 2 'ifb5 �f6 3 'ifxe5+ .i.e7 4 �c3 �c6 5 'iff4 0-0
6 .i.e2 .i.d6 7 'ife3 l::te 8 8 d3 .i.e5. Black resigned at move 42. Source: American
Chess Bulletin, July 1905, pages 253, 254 and 258. (1 732)
Advice on the Ruy Lopez
'I well remember the advice Dr Lasker gave me after the tournament of
Mahrisch-Ostrau in 1923: "You will never attain a balanced positional judge
ment until you start to adopt the Ruy Lopez habitually." '
S.Tartakower, CHESS, December 1 948, page 64. (1409)
Nimzowitsch's Defence
A particularly old example of the 'Nimzo-Indian' coming about by transposition of

moves: 1 d4 d5 2 c4 e6 3 e3 .i.b4+ ('?') 4 �c3 �f6 5 �f3 0-0 6 .i.d3 dxc4 7 .i.xc4
c5 8 0-0 cxd4 9 exd4 �c6. Black resigned at move 24. (Alfred Schmorl-Max Lange,
second match game, 3 November 1 86 1 . )
It is curious to note that in the fourth match game, played on 1 7 November 1 8 6 1 ,

Lange again showed himself t o be ahead o f his time, b y using 'Chigorin's Defence':
1 d4 d5 2 c4 lt:Jc6.
Source: Deutsche Schachzeitung, December 1 862, pages 361-362. (1468)
The Argentine Variation
Establishing that an apparently new opening move is a genuine 'theoretical novelty' is

a perilous affair. As Alekhine wrote on page 1 6 of the English edition of his book on
New York, 1924:
'In these days one can hardly make such a claim for, sooner or later, some
person will come forward and prove black on white that he used this move
decades ago in some class C tournament or perchance in a coffee house game
and. hence demand parental recognition.'
The Argentine Variation is 1 d4 d5 2 c4 e6 3 lt:Jf3 lt:Jd7 4 lt:Jc3 lt:Jgf6 5 .ig5 c6 6 e3
!fa5 7 li:Jd2 .ib4 8 !fc2 0-0 9 .ih4. A different order of moves is possible, but the
above is how play went in the seventh match game between Capablanca and Alekhine
at Buenos Aires in 1927. Some comments on White's ninth move:
'An innovation to which Alekhine fails to find the best reply.' (Golombek in
Capablanca's Hundred Best Games of Chess, page 143)
'An interesting innovation by Capablanca.' (fgrtidas Cjtisicas de Caeablanca
by Stahlberg_and Alles Monasterio, page 1 36)
�..,_,..,�-----..,.;;;; �
'An interesting innovation.' (Yates and Winter match book, page 19)
' . . . interesting experiment'. (Alekhine, on page 1 62 of On the Road to the
World Championship 1923-1927)
Strangely, the 'instant' commentators were less categorical. Becker wrote on page
286 of the October 1927 Wiener Schachzeitung:
'This rarely played move is, according to Dr Tartakower's nomenclature, a
prophylactic retreat' (ein Priiventivriickzug).
Soultanbeieff said on page 743 of the October 1927 issue of L'Echiquier:
'9 .ih4! Is this inspiration or the fruit of painstaking preparation? But has
not the World Champion stated that he does not prepare for tournaments,
that he does not study theory and that he does not need to cram his head with
the infinite number of variations which the throng of theorists is forever
launching onto the chess "market", for he is certain at the board to find the
best move in each position?'
On page 5 1 2 of the December 1 927 BCM, J.H.Blake noted with regard to 9 .ih4 c5:
'The ninth move on each side was played in the Gyor Tournament ( 1 924) in a
game between Havasi and Astalos [sic - Asztalos] . . .'
Openings 99
It needs to be pointed out that Mar6czy played 9 i.h4 over twenty years before the
Buenos Aires match. One of Daly's handwritten game scores sent to us by Richard
Lappin (i.e. not in the Lyman/Dann book) is the following:
G.Mar6czy (simultaneous)-H.B.Daly, Boston, 4 April 1906. Queen's Gambit Declined.
1 d4 dS 2 c4 e6 3 lLlc3 lLlf6 4 i.gS lLlbd7 5 e3 c6 6 lLlf3 !VaS 7 lLld2 i.b4 S !Vel o-o
9 i.h4 lLle4 10 lLldxe4 dxe4 1 1 i.e2 eS 12 0-0 fS 13 cS exd4 14 exd4 lLlf6 15 i.c4+
�hS 16 lLle2 i.d2 17 l:adl i.h6 IS f3 i.d7 19 i.xf6 exf3 20 i.eS fxe2 21 'ifxe2
i.gS 22 a3 l:aeS 23 !fd3 i.£6 24 i.d6 i.e7 25 i.g3 i.g5 26 l:del !fd2 27 l:xeS
l:xeS 2S !fxd2 i.xd2 29 i.eS i.e3+ 30 <it>hl h6 31 h3 <it>h7 32 g4 f4 33 <it>g2 i.e6
34 i.xe6 l:xe6 35 <iW3 gS 36 �e4 <it>g6 37 b4 rM7 3S a4 a6 39 bS axbS 40 axbS l:eS
41 bxc6 bxc6 42 l:bl i.f2 43 <it>£5 i.h4 44 dS cxdS 45 c6 f3 46 l:b7+ l:e7 47 l:bl
f2 4S c7 l:eS 49 l:fl l:cS 50 i.d6 <it>eS 51 �e6 d4 52 i.eS d3 53 �6 liaS 54 <i!>c6
lieS 55 l:dl �7 56 �b7 Resigns.
This fine game may not have appeared in print before. (1536)
Rubinstein Variation
The May 1 8 8 1 BCM (pages 1 66- 1 68) has a game Lord-Ranken, team match, London,
24 March 1 8 8 1 . The opening moves were 1 e4 e5 2 l[}f3 lLlc6 3 i.b5 lLlf6 4 lLlc3 lLld4.
The Rubinstein Variation, played the year before A.K.R.'s birth.16 (1583)
Morphy's Defence
Hector B. Kuperman asks:

' Who invented the name "Morphy Defence" in the Ruy Lopez? According to the
comprehensive collections ofMorphy's games, he played the defence only afew
times. '
Can anyone offer an authoritative reply?
For pre-Morphy instances of 3 . . . a6 see the 'Morphy Defence' entry in The Oxford
Companion to Chess. . (1620)
From Brian Donnell:

'I think I can narrow the search to the turn of the century. Steinitz, in The
Modern Chess Instructor (1889), writes: ". . . Morphy, who, as usual at the
time, had played 3 ... P- QR3 but games in the Oxford Encyclopedia do not
",
show this defence to have been widely adopted. 3 . . . lLlf6 seems to have been the
favourite both pre- and post-Morphy. In Bird's Chess Novelties (1895), page 5,
I find the . . . a6 defence beside the name of Zukertort. In the fifth edition of
Cook's The Chess Players' Compendium (1910) 3 . . . a6 is called after Morphy,
both in the main tables, which probably date to 1902, and in the supplement by
A/fred Emery. Is it called "the Morphy Defence" in Cook's Synopsis of the

Chess Openings ?
For the August 1984 issue of Chess Life, Andy Soltis and Gene McCormick
supplied an article entitled "The Morphy Defense", condensedfrom their then
forthcoming book on the US championship (McFarland, 1986). In it, they argue
that Morphy was inspired to adopt (and perfect) 3 . . . a6 by two games in the
Rousseau-Stanley match. I disagree.
I believe that the intellectual creditfor the "Morphy" defence belongs, as the
Companion hints, to Lowenthal, who "converted'' Morphy in theirfinal match
game. Is it too late to re-name 3 . . . a6 "the Lowenthal Defence"?'
Our correspondent enclosed the following material:
a) Lowenthal's account of his stay in the US and his search for a satisfactory defence to
the Ruy Lopez (page 393 of The Book of the First American Chess Congress).
b) Page 63 of Marache's Manual of Chess ( 1 866), which gives 'Lowenthal's Defence':
1 e4 e5 2 llJf3 llJc6 3 i.b5 a6 4 i.a4 llJf6 ('This defence to the formidable "Ruy Lopez"
takes rank among the most scientific discoveries elaborated by modern analysis. Feeling
the intrinsic weakness of 4 . . . b5, but recognizing the force of 3 ... a6, Herr L., after much
thought and analysis, demonstrated that the moves, as given here, formed the true
parade to White's hitherto almost unanswered thrust.') 5 d4 ('5 d3 is a favorite of Prof.
Anderssen at this point; and the German Handbuch gives 5 0-0; and though White can
get an even game, he can get nothing more.') 5 . . . exd4 6 e5 llJe4 7 0-0 llJc5 8 i.xc6 dxc6
9 llJxd4 llJe6 1 0 llJxe6 i.xe6 1 1 'We2 i.c5 1 2 llJc3 "fle7 'and White can only get an equal
game' .
c) Pages 106- 107 of Lowenthal's book Morphy's Games of Chess, which publishes a
Morphy-Lowenthal game in which the above moves occurred. After 1 2 . . . "fle7
Lowenthal comments: 'The second player has now a game as good as can be expected
in defending the Ruy Lopez attack.'
d) Pages 328-330 of Lange's The Chess Genius ofPaul Morphy, the Hippocrene reprint
of Lange's Paul Morphy - Sketch from the Chess World. In this same Morphy-Lowenthal
game Falkbeer, the translator, comments after 1 2 ... "fle7: 'Black's forces are now
completely developed, a fact which, in our opinion, is highly creditable to the second
player, considering the strong attack he has to contend against in the Ruy Lopez. Surely
the game deserved a better fate, if it were only for the great skill with which, up to this
point, it was conducted by Herr Lowenthal, whose perfect knowledge of the openings
surpasses nearly every other player of his own strength and experience.'
Mr Donnell also mentions that there are interesting notes to this game on pages 2-5 of
Konig's Chess from Morphy to Botwinnik.
Rob Verhoeven provides photostats of the four editions of Cook's Synopsis of the
Chess Openings. The first ( 1 8 74, page 12) calls 3 ... a6 'the best defence' but mentions
Morphy only in a footnote giving the opening moves of the Morphy-Lowenthal game.
The second edition ( 1 876, page 1 8) repeats the 'best defence' remark but omits any
reference to the Morphy-Lowenthal game. The third edition ( 1 882, page 24) comments:
'Herren Zukertort, Rosenthal, and other first-rates, have rejected Morphy's favourite
defence 3 P-QR3, probably on account of the dullness of the positions which arise
Openings 101
therefrom, but Steinitz says, in the Field, that he does not think any palpable inferiority
can be demonstrated for the second player if he adopts 3 P-QR3, which is another way
of saying that it is useful in certain variations to have played 3 P-QR3, and that in others
it does not in any way compromise or materially alter the position. ' Page 25 has the
following note on 3 ... a6: 'This defence was, until lately, adopted in all important
contests, but it is now considered unnecessary to play it immediately, as in certain
variations it is a loss of time.' The fourth edition of Cook's book ( 1 888, page 24) states;
'Morphy's defence P-QR3 still holds good - but in modern practice there appears to be a
tendency to defer playing it until learning the line of attack the first player proposes to
adopt.' However, the next page describes 3 . . . a6 as 'the safest defence'. It may be noted
that Cook writes 'Morphy's defence' and not 'Morphy's Defence'. (1850)
Tarrasch Defence
When was the Tarrasch Defence to the Queen's Gambit ( 1 d4 d5 2 c4 e6 3 lbc3 c5)
first played? The earliest example we have found so far is Richter-Niemeyer, West
German Hauptturnier (see page 1 48 of Die Schachcongresse zu Dusseldorf, Koln u.
Frankfurt aiM. , published in Leipzig in 1 879). This minor game, a draw, was played
in Frankfurt in 1 878. Our bid for the earliest mention of the moves: page 483 of
Dufresne's Handbuch des Schachspie/s (Berlin, 1 863). After 1 d4 d5 2 c4 e6 3 lbc3 lbf6
Dufresne states that Black can also play 3 . . . c5 4 e3 lbf6 5 lilf3 lbc6 6 a3 a6 7 b3 b6
8 .tb2 .tb7 9 cxd5 exd5 10 .td3 cxd4 1 1 exd4 .td6 1 2 0-0 0-0 with a level game. (1657)
Hans-Georg Kleinhenz quotes an earlier game in which the Tarrasch Defence was used,
by an unknown player. The concluding attack is not chess literature's most subtle and
artistic:
L.Smigielski-N.N., Berlin, 1 854 (?). Queen's Gambit Declined.
1 d4 dS 2 c4 e6 3 lbc3 cS 4 cxdS exdS S dxcS d4 6 lba4 .txcS 7 lbxcS 'tWaS+ 8 .td2
'fixeS 9 llc1 'iffS 10 lbf3 'ifd7 11 lilxd4 lbe7 12 e3 0-0 13 .tc4 lbbc6 14 .tc3 a6
1S a3 lilfS 16 lbxfS 'ifxfS 17 0-0 .te6 18 .id3 'ifgS 19 f4 'ifd8 20 fS .idS 21 f6 g6
22 'ifg4 .te6 23 't!fh4 hS 24 'ifgS Wh7 2S 'ifxhS+ Wg8 26 'Wh6 and mates in two moves.
Source: Schachzeitung der Berliner Schachgesel/schaft (i.e. Deutsche Schachzeitung),
October 1 854, page 386. (1 71 7)
Irregular openings
Tom Testa sends us Koltanowski's column in the San Francisco Chronicle of 1 0 October
1988, which gives a game 'Christian Bleis v Horst Alber, West Germany, 1988' featuring
a strange opening: 1 d4 lilf6 2 c4 lilg8 3 lbc3 g5 4 e4 d6 5 f4 gxf4 6 .txf4 lbc6 7 e5 .tg4.
White was mated at move twenty. Koltanowski writes that 3 h4 might have been
considered. 1 7
On the subject of irregular openings, we note the following by Eugene Delmar:

a) 1 e4 lLla6 2 .txa6 bxa6 3 d4 e6 4 lLlf3 .tb7 5 d5 exd5 6 exd5 lLlf6 7 c4 .tb4+ 8 lLlc3
0-0 (J.F.Magee-E.Delmar, Manhattan Chess Club v Franklin Chess Club, 30 May
1906). A draw was agreed after 37 moves. Source: A merican Chess Bulletin, June 1906,
page 1 1 0.
b) 1 b4 e5 2 .tb2 lLlc6 ('A serious oversight, due to hasty play.') 3 b5 lLlce7 4 .txe5, etc.
(E.Delmar-F.J.Marshall, Brooklyn Chess Championship, 1906). Source: American
Chess Bulletin, August 1906, page 1 64. Could this be a unique example of a leading
player blundering at move two? (White won in 43 moves.)
c) 1 e4 lLlh6 2 d4 g6 3 lLlf3 f6 4 .td3 lLlf7 5 lbc3 e6 6 .te3 d5 7 'ife2 c6 8 0-0 .te7
(S.W. Bampton-E.Delmar, Manhattan Chess Club v Franklin Chess Club, 30 May
1907). The score continues to 48 'it>h2 lixa3 'and Black won'. Source: American Chess
Bulletin, July 1907, page 1 35.
d) 1 lLlh3 d5 2 g3 e5 3 f3 .td6 4 lLlf2 lLlf6 5 e3 0-0 6 .tg2 .te6 7 d3 lLlc6 8 0-0 'ifd7
(E.Delmar-S.T.S� arp, Rice Trophy Tournament, 1908). The game was drawn in 54
moves. Source: American Chess Bulletin, August 1908, page 1 59. (1 745)
Frere-Marshall
Pages 238-239 of Chernev's The 1000 Best Short Games of Chess have a game Frere
Marshall, 'New York, 1 9 1 7' , which features the latter's counter-gambit to the Ruy
Lopez. Play went 1 e4 e5 2 lLlf3 lLlc6 3 .tb5 a6 4 .ta4 lLlf6 5 0-0 .te7 6 lie 1 b5 7 i.b3
0-0 8 c3 d5 9 exd5 e4. We are unable to find the score in any contemporary source,
and should like more information. It was not until 1 9 1 8 that Marshall played 8 ... d5
against Capablanca. 1 8 (1 798)
J.H.Biackburne's recipe
From page 90 of the December 1 908 Chess Amateur:

'Blackburne is always amusing, and must have his little joke. Referring to the
bookworms, he said: "These players come with their favourite variations
worked up in the Queen's and the Petroff, and I play 1 P-K4. They reply
1 . . . P-K4, thinking they are going to get their Petroff. Then I go on to
2 P-Q4; they promptly take it 2 . . . PxP, and think they are going to get a
Danish. I go to 3 Kt-KB3, and now they play 3 . . . Kt-QB3, thinking they
have at least got a Scotch. But when I continue 4 B-QKt5, they discover they
have tumbled into one of the worst forms of the Ruy Lopez, without being
aware of it." ' (1900)
Chapter 4
Miscellanea
Pet moves
Particular players particularly like particular moves. Bent Larsen is famously fond
of flank pawn advances, such as a4/a5 or h4/h5. In his book H.E.A tkins: Doyen
of British Chess Champions (Pitman, 1 952), R.N.Coles points out that the great
player (nine times British champion between 1905 and 1925) regularly played f4 or
. . . f5 early in the game. We would welcome other instances of pet moves. (18)
W.H.Cozens suggests Euwe's 1Wb3/b6 and Suttles' h4/h5. Hugh Myers writes to
offer g3/g6 for Suttles, and g4/g5 for Basman. (409)
Sixten Johansson proposes a pet move of Gideon Stahlberg: . . . c4 as Black in both

the Queen's Gambit Declined and the French Defence. (620)
From Nigel Short: Chess Prodigy by David Short, pages 22-23: 'If Nigel has one
"favourite move" it has to be e4-e5.' (740)
This theme was touched on by A.Soltis in Chess Life & Review, November 1979
(page 608). Crediting the BCM (no date given), Mr Soltis quoted the following: Marshall
- J.d3/d6; Chigorin - e4/e5; Philidor - c3/c6; Morphy - f4/f5; Steinitz - f3/f6.
He then added: Larsen - h4/h5; Karpov - 'fi'c 1 or b l /c8 or b8; Fischer - J.c4/c5;
Suttles - �h3/h6; Spassky - d5/d4; Petrosian - b4/b5. (1043)
An observation by W .H. Watts on page 20 of One-Hundred-and-One ofMy Best Games

of Chess by F.D.Yates:
'Having played through every game in this book at least three times I am
convinced that P-KKt4 [g4/g5] after Castling on the King's side must have
been adopted by Yates more often than by any other player.' · (1242)
Playing through Reshevsky's early games to prepare the selection in C.N. 1 5 1 8 , we

were struck by how often, as White, he played 1We2 in the early stages. (1519)
The only one
According to Golombek's Encyclopedia of Chess (page 1 26 of the hardback edition),

Bad Nauheim, 1937 'was the only tournament of importance Euwe won outright in his
whole career'. (32)
I give up
On page 1 08 of Achieving the Aim Botvinnik reveals that in 1941 he wanted to give up
chess altogether. We read in CHESS, October-November 198 1 , page 23 1 , that Euwe
Miscellanea 105
had similar thoughts: 'In 1 933, though an accepted grandmaster, I was thinking of
giving up chess.' But it is not widely known that Marshall too once considered the
same thing. The January 1 9 10 BCM (page 22) quotes the Daily Sketch for 23 December
1909: 'The game is too absorbing. To play it one must devote to it all of his time. No
game in the world calls for such deep study and devotion as chess, and while I love it
there are other things which must occupy my attention. I have private business
responsibilities which suffer from the game, so I have decided to quit playing for good.'
(48)
A.B. Boxer tells us that in Winnipeg in 1967 Spassky told him: 'I have no further ambitions
for the World's Championship.' This was the year after his defeat by Petrosian in a title
match, but Spassky squeezed through to victory against the same opponent in 1969.
(280)
A quote from the November 190 1 BCM, page 448:

'Mr Pillsbury writes that he intends to sail about January 4th for Europe,
and will probably be away eighteen months. During that time he will
participate in all international tournaments (including, of course, Monte
Carlo), and give exhibitions of blindfold chess, and very likely arrange a
match with Dr Lasker. 1 At the end of that time he will give up chess as a
profession, and take to that of law. The Straergie [sic] doubts whether he
will be able permanently to leave his first love, and so do we. Dr Lasker is
remarkably reticent with regard to any match between himself and Pillsbury,
but, we believe, has made an informal acknowledgment of the challenge.'
Three decades later the same journal gave Lasker's reason for abandoning the game.
Page 1 20 of the March 193 1 issue quoted from a letter he wrote to Helms:2
'As to your question, whether I have given up over-the-board play, I have to
answer, Yes. The organisation of the chess world at present is not favorable
to that small group of men that I call the Creative Masters.
Hence I had cause to devote myself to other occupations which now
consume all my time and attention.' (1 134)
On page 359 of the December 1 89 1 International Chess Magazine Steinitz wrote:

'. . . I beg to state that I shall most probably adhere to my intention of
retiring from active play altogether, but I do not wish to stand pledged either
way.' 3 (1215)
Street names
From The South African Chessplayer, January 1982, page 16:

'Did you know that at least two streets in the Witwatersrand bear the names
of ex-World Champions? First there is the short Euwe Street in Birchleigh,
Kempton Park, which is dwarfed by the rambling Alekhine Street in Protea

(west of Soweto).' (139)
George Jelliss suspects that a chess man has been named after a street:
'Just south of St Paul's Cathedral in London is a private gated road called
Nightrider Street which, I believe, belongs to the Post Office and presumably
derives its name from the night mail coaches of earlier days. It is only a short
walkfrom the St Bride's Institute, where the British Chess Problem Society has
held its meetings since itsfoundation in 1918. Among thefounder members was
T.R.Dawson, who published his first Nightrider problem in 1925. ' (457)
Bob Meadley writes:

'C.N. 139 is interesting. My guess is that the streets refer to the two great
matches played between Alekhine and Euwe.
I quote from Purdy's Chess World 1952, page 91:
"The town of Zuilen in Holland has a new suburb; its two main streets
have been called after Staunton and Max Euwe, and its side streets
after the chessmen: Koningstraat, Damestraat, Torenstraat (Rook
Street), Loperstraat (Bishop Street), Paardenstraat and Pionnenstraat.
Dr T.D .Delprat of Mendoran (N.S.W.) sends us a newspaper photo of
Euwe unveiling Koningstraat. A large stone Staunton king, in relief, is
part of the street sign." '
The same correspondent tells us that Tallinn has a 'Paul Keres Street'. (725)
From B. H. Wood:
' When Sutton Coldfield's centre was re-designed with a new "Gracechurch
Shopping Centre", areas entitled "Bishop's Court" and "Queen's Court" appeared
with little chess piece erections. The planning of the complex was delegated to
a London firm of architects who, seeking for a general motif connected with
Sutton Coldfield, could think of nothing better than chess. ' (764)
A number of magazines (e.g. CHESS, December 1 988, page 5 , and Europe Echecs,
December 1988, page 27) have reported that on 4 October 1988 a street in Rotterdam
was named after Euwe, the opening ceremony being attended by the World Champion's
widow.4 (1776)
How to castle
There is a peculiar sentence in Emanuel Lasker's book How to Play Chess (we are
following the recent edition of Gramercy Publishing Co. , New York). Page 1 7 has a
list of conditions under which castling is permissible. The third reads:
Miscellanea 107
'3. In Castling, neither the K nor the R are permitted to expose themselves
to capture, nor may the K ·castle to get out of check. '
Why 'nor the R'? (189)
Scrutiny of Lasker's Manual of Chess clarifies matters, for it is explained that castling
is illegal if the rook would land on a square attacked by the opponent. This may seem
odd to modern eyes since it is normally explained that the king in castling may not
'pass through check'. However, since the square the king 'passes through' (KB 1 or Q 1 )
is the same as where the relevant rook lands up, it all amounts to the same thing. (813)
Zero
Who was the strongest player ever to finish a tournament with no points? Our
nomination is Tjeerd van Scheltinga, who scored a duck at Amsterdam, 1936. ( 1-2
Euwe, Fine 5 pts; 3 Alekhine 4YS; 4-6 van den Bosch, Griinfeld, Landau 3 YS ; 7 Kmoch 3;
8 van Scheltinga 0.) In fairness to the D utchman it must be said that the seven losses
were all hard-fought. Alekhine, for example, required 79 moves to win. (219)
Sounds impossible
On page 177 of B.J.Horton's (highly unreliable) Dictionary of Modern Chess,

W.H. Watts is quoted as saying that Akiba Rubinstein knew 'by heart almost every
game that has ever been played'. (241)
W.H.Cozens writes:
'From the Chess Memoirs of Dr Platz, page 51: "I was present when Reuben
Fine asked him [A.Rothman] 'Is it true that you know all the columns of
MCO by heart?' And he answered: 'Yes, it is true.' "
Some of today's young hopefuls with similar ambitions might do well to
reflect that the end product of this astonishing feat was not a Karpov or a
Capablanca, but . . . A.Rothman. ' (413)
From William Winter's posthumous reminiscences on Kostic (CHESS, 1 January

1963, page 76):
' . . . I would ask him for the score, say of Rubinstein v Duras, Pistyan, 19 12.
A few moments' concentration and out would come the moves accompanied
by short expositions on the difficult points whilst I followed it on my pocket
board. He was hardly ever at fault. Naturally this colossal memory served
him in good stead in his practice, but occasionally it proved a drawback, as
when he spent so long trying to recall what Blackburne played in a rook
ending that he lost on the time limit.' 5 (1164)
The quietest year
'One of the quietest in the whole of chess history, both in this country and elsewhere', is
how P. W .Sergeant describes the year 1 893 in his fact-packed book A Century ofBritish
Chess (page 219). It was indeed a year of a handful of minor matches and tournaments.
No wonder the journalists of the day had so much time and space for the three p's:
poetry, polemics and pap. (246)
Oldest and youngest writers
Who have been the oldest and youngest authors of chess books? A few thoughts to
make a start: David Lawson was, we believe, 89 when his magnum opus Paul Morphy,
The Pride and Sorrow of Chess was published in 1976. He wrote the Morphy chapter
for World Chess Champions when he was 9 1 .6 Raymond Keene was twenty when his
Flank Openings came out in 1968. Are these records? (287)
John Rather writes:
'E_l!!!J.a.r.'.s_M_is Cincuenta Partidas con Maestros (1945) and Bobbx Fis�s

(Lames ot¢Jt�� @..2)W""ere published when their �minal authors were 14
-.
an cTTfrespectively, but the extent of their involvement in preparing the books

is in doubt. Not so in the case of La"y Evans, who published mimeograph
editions ofYienna �!iQ!!al TournaJ!lent, 1922 0 948) and Q.avid Bron
� Games o[!;hess 1 94�:1949 (J!Jjf)J when he was 16 and 18. I doubt
that anyone else can claim as much. ' (543)
Bob Meadley informs us that �_gay Chandler (born 4 April 1960) brought out
A White Pawn in Europe in 19]1, giving his games at the World Junior Championship
in Yugoslavia and English tourneys August-November 1975. (662)
Fabulous achievements
Emanuel Lasker came third at Graz, 1 890 when he was 2 1 and was placed second at
Moscow, 1925 when he was 56. In the intervening period he was third once,joint second
once and won every other tournament in which he participated. During the same time
he played nineteen matches, losing only one (to Capablanca in 192 1 ).
Capablanca came lower than first (i.e. second) in only two tournaments between
San Sebastian, 19 1 1 and London, 1922 inclusive. Alekhine came second just twice
between Scarborough, 1926 and Dresden, 1936. (288)
Miscellanea 109
Chess in the courts
Paul Timson, a lawyer, sends us reports on two legal cases connected with chess. In 1939
B.H.Wood found himself in the dock for having advertised for sale in CHESS in 1937
'genuine Staunton chessmen'. The plaintiffs were John Jaques & Son, Ltd. Sir George
Thomas, Max Euwe and Lodewijk Prins appeared as witnesses for the defence. The
case is referred to by Fred Wren in his article 'Tales of a Woodpusher: Woodpusher's
Woodpile', which appeared in Chess Review, 1949 and was reprinted in Reinfeld's The
Treasury of Chess Lore. The issues of CHESS of the time also contained a huge amount
of material on the case. The decision was that 'Staunton' alone was a permissible
description, but that the phrase 'genuine Staunton' implied a product made by Jaques
& Son, Ltd. , as opposed to any Staunton pattern. However, B.H.Wood appealed and,
in 1940, won.
The second case was 'Dupree's Trusts, Daley and Others v Lloyds Bank, Limited and
Others' in 1944. The question arising was whether chess was of sufficient educational
value for a gift to encourage chess-playing to qualify as a valid charitable gift. The
verdict was yes, whilst acknowledging that the whole affair was rather a slippery slope:
'If chess, why not draughts: if draughts, why not bezique, and so on, through to bridge,
whist, and, by another route, stamp collecting and the acquisition of birds' eggs,'
concluded J.Vaisey of the Chancery Division.
Mr Timson asks if there have been any other reported legal cases concerning chess.
We know of one, based upon press reports which Dale Brandreth has kindly sent us
(Evening News, 8 December 19 1 6, The Times, 9 December 1 9 1 6 and the Daily Telegraph,
undated).
On 3 July 1 9 1 5 the following paragraph appeared in the Evening News :
'A wonderful excuse for making blunders has been evolved by one sapient
scribe of the chess world. Apparently he has been publishing more unsound
problems than usual, as nearly every problem which has appeared in his
column for some time has had at least two solutions, and he moralises thus:
"At the moment we have the feeling that we are the victims of a hostile series
affecting our problems. Why it should be that all at once a series of second
solutions should crop up we cannot explain." '
The paragraph was written by A.W.Foster, and the 'sapient scribe' was Isidor Arthur
Gunsberg, the Daily Telegraph chess correspondent. Gunsberg sued for libel, and
B.G.Laws and J.H.Blackburne spoke up for him in court. Foster claimed 'fair
comment'. It was the Counsel for the defendants, Mr Hume-Williams, who cracked the
best jokes, but Gunsberg won his case and was awarded £250 in damages, a sizeable sum
then.
The newspaper accounts make rather embarrassing reading. They made great play of
the fact that Gunsberg, the son of a Russian Pole, had nonetheless lived in Britain for
a long time (since either 1 862 or 1 863, depending upon whether one was a News or Times
reader). Perhaps it was only because of this fortuitous circumstance that he was entitled
to have British Justice bestowed upon him. (360)
Another affair is reported on pages 1 6- 1 7 of the January 1923 BCM:

'The Reschefski [Reshevsky] case was decided at the Children's Court,
Manhattan, on November 1 5th, when a motion for the dismissal of the case
was granted, on the ground that the charge of improper guardianship had
not been sustained. The evidence for the prosecution was insufficient, in the
judge's opinion, to show that the boy's health or morals were in danger of
being impaired; and testimony as to his education at the Rabbinical School,
East Broadway, was put in by the defence. The Brooklyn Eagle says: "After
dismissing the case, Judge Levy recommended that, in order to prevent
undue exploitation of Sammy's remarkable powers, someone outside of the
immediate family be designated to act as sponsor and make occasional
reports to the court concerning his progress. This Assemblyman Perlman
undertook to do in behalf of Sammy, who went home with his parents,
delighted over the outcome of this, his first court experience." ' (742)
C.N. 360 reported on a 1 9 1 6 court case won by Gunsberg.

The September 1 890 International Chess Magazine, pages 273-274, has a letter from
Gunsberg to Steinitz explaining the details of 'the first Chess libel suit on record'.
The Vienna paper Volksblatt was found guilty and fined for publishing a 'libelous
paragraph' about the abortive Chigorin-Gunsberg match. According to Gunsberg,
Chigorin suppressed the correct facts of the match negotiations and a false insinuation
was taken up by the Austrian journal.
The following issue, pages 299-300, has information on another chess legal case - and
yet again Guns berg is involved, though, this time, as the defendant. Francis Joseph Lee
- and this is the only time we have ever seen his forenames in full in a contemporary
source - sought leave to commence proceedings for libel against the editor and
publisher of The Evening News and Post and its chess columnist, Gunsberg. The latter
had allegedly 'imputed or suggested a corrupt motive to Mr Lee in losing to Mr Mason
a game in the Manchester Chess Tournament'. Gunsberg denied that he had imputed or
suggested anything of the kind. 'The learned Judge refused to make an order giving
leave to prosecute.'
Steinitz commented: 'In both cases Mr Gunsberg was successful, and we thoroughly
sympathized with him in the first case, but cannot do so in the present instance. Mr
Lee's cause of complaint may not have been so strong as to warrant a legal prosecution,
but it is to be regretted that even the slightest hint of professional dishonesty should
have been given in a Chess column, edited by a professional master, without the
accusation being capable of absolute proof.' (1078)
From the BCM, June 1 9 1 6, page 200:

'When chess-players go to law on some matter connected with the game,
there is usually a touch of the ridiculous. In the Bronx Municipal Court, on
April 4th, a case came up in which Charles Jaffe sued Hartwig Cassel, 1
one of the editors of The American Chess Bulletin, for $700 - over £140 -
for work alleged to have been done in analyzing the Rice Gambit. Last year
Professor Isaac J. [sic - L. would be correct] Rice invited a number of strong
Miscellanea 111
American players to Utica to test his gambit once more, and it was agreed
that their investigations should be continued. Jaffe, however, broke away
from the rest and decided to analyze by himself. The others concluded their
joint work, which is to appear in a book entitled Twenty Years of the Rice
Gambit, while Mr Julius Finn, who was appointed referee in the matter,
declared Jaffe's work not acceptable. Hence the lawsuit, Mr Cassel being
brought in as having acted in an advisory capacity for the late professor in
chess matters. The witnesses at the trial included Marshall (who considered
Jaffe's claim not unreasonable), Julius Finn, Albert B. Hodges, and
J .Rosenthal. The verdict was in favour of Mr Cassel. The chief amusement
seems to have been when Jaffe was in the witness-box on his own behalf, and
expressed his opinion of the chess strength of a number of noted players in the
court - not unqualified by their attitude towards him in the case.' (1 1 05)
Some further notes:

a) 'From the Strategie we learn that a curious lawsuit has just been brought
before the First Chamber of the Civil Tribunal at Paris. A dozen years ago
Prince Balaschoff engaged Mr Rosenthal as a teacher of chess, at a salary of
500 fr. per month, and 1000 fr. when M. Rosenthal accompanied his pupil in
travel. Pupil and teacher were on the best of terms, and they laboured
together hard at a work on chess. But one gets tired of everything, and some
months ago M. Balaschoff got rid of his instructor. The latter brought an
action to recover 1 5,000 fr. arrears of pay according to agreements, 1 000 fr.
for the last journey to Stuttgard [sic], and 25,000 fr. indemnity for sudden
dismissal, and for loss of profits by non-publication of the chess work on
which they had been engaged. The tribunal awarded M. Rosenthal 15,000 fr.
for salary according to agreements, but rejected all his other demands.'
Source: BCM, March 1 899, page 1 1 2.
b) 'Deutsches Wochenschach of Berlin has been sued by Dr Tarrasch for
reprinting the game between Dr Tarrasch and Walbrodt, which the former
had annotated for a Norwegian paper. H.Ranneforth, the editor, explains in
a recent issue of the German weekly that this particular game had been
reprinted at the request of A. Lindstrom, chess editor of the paper referred to.
The suit in question is a decidedly novel one and the outcome will be awaited
with keen interest on the part of chess players everywhere and especially so by
chess writers.'
Source: American Chess Bulletin, November 1 9 1 5 , page 2 19.
c) A detailed account of the case outlined in C.N. 1 105 (Jaffe v Cassel) appears on
pages 1 24- 1 25 of the May-June 1 9 1 6 American Chess Bulletin.
d) The case described in C.N. 360 (Gunsberg v Foster) was related on page 198 of the
July-August 1 9 19 American Chess Bulletin.
e) 'In reference to the Knightlights Club, vide the January BCM, Mr Herbert
Jacobs quotes a most interesting letter from Mr Frank H. Taylor of
Philadelphia, respecting a legacy of £ 100 left for the Franklin Chess Club
of the Quaker City. lt appears that under the laws of Pennsylvania the Court
was about to make the bequest null and void because the gift did not
contribute to the advance of literature. To rebut the arguments Mr Walter
Penn Shipley, a noted lawyer of Philadelphia and of international chess
reputation, took up the case.
The wind-up of Mr Shipley's brief was a translation of a Persian poem
ending as follows:
"Know that its skill is science's self,
Its play distraction from distress:
It soothes the anxious lover's care,
It weans the drunkard from excess�
It counsels warriors in their art,
When dangers threat and perils press�
And yields us when we need them most
Companions in our loneliness."
In concluding his letter Mr Taylor says: "At the age of77 I find the last two
lines are true and, when I saw Shipley last, which was quite recently, no
objection had been filed. " Yorkshire Observer Budget.'
-
Source: American Chess Bulletin, November 1933, page 1 64.
f) 'The great French author of chess books, F. le Lionnais, proposes to write

a book about great lawsuits and "incidents" connected with chess . . . . Our
own lawsuit with Messrs. Jaques, which went to the Appeal Court and
established that "Staunton" means a pattern and not a particular maker's
product, will be still fresh in many people's memories but there was at least
one other important chess lawsuit in England about the turn of the century
arising from the criticism by one well-known player of a master's notes to a
game in a newspaper. Can anybody supply details?'
Source: CHESS, February 1947, page 1 46. We do not see any follow-up on this
subject.
g) A.E.Nield claimed damages at Hastings County Court against officials of the
Hastings Chess Club, from which he had been expelled. He asked for a declaration to
clear his name. He had joined the club in 195 1 as a country (as opposed to resident)
member, but was informed on 28 March 1955 that because of his extensive use of club
facilities he would have to pay the full membership fee, thirty shillings. Nield refused
and was expelled. He won his case and was awarded £ 1 0 damages.
(Full coverage of the case appeared in CHESS, 20 July 1957, page 246, and
20 August 1957, page 278 . )
h) 'A quarrel over a game of chess brought before the North London Magistrate
in July, with cross-summons for assault, two Poles, Alexander Piotrowski
. . . and . . . Kazimierz Osiecki. . . "So far as I know," said the magistrate,
Mr Frank Milton, "this is the first time in the 2,000 years that chess has been
played that a game had resulted in both players going to hospital." '
Miscellanea 113
The two were playing chess on a lawn when tempers rose and blows were exchanged
(with the aid of, inter alia, a push chair). The magistrate dismissed both cases.
Source: CHESS, 20 August 1957, page 278.
i) Legal action by J.Tennant-Smith begun against the British Chess Federation in 1978
and settled in 1986. This concerned chess's administrative structure in Manchester.
Source: newsflash, Apri1 1 986, page 9 and page 5, and 7 August 1987, page 5. (1483)
A photograph caption on page 36 1 of CHESS ( 14 June 1938) describes Ernst Klein as

having 'achieved satisfaction in his libel action'. The April 1 940 issue of the same
magazine (page 1 68) refers back to this matter:
'One hundred years ago, chess masters used freely to print things about each
other which would lead to an instant and successful libel action today.
E.Klein, the ex-Austrian master, entered on such an action when most of the
visiting chess masters at Margate, a couple of years ago, signed and published
a petition complaining about his "unfair and obnoxious behaviour" and
stating their unwillingness to have him competing with them ever again; and
he obtained redress.' 8 (1602)
On page 7 ofthe 3/ 1988 New in Chess Ricardo Calvo announced that he was taking legal
action against Mohammed Ghobash of the United Arab Emirates Chess Association,
who, in the course of the FIDE General Assembly debate in Seville, described Mr Calvo
as 'a criminal of the worst type' . The Spanish master also began proceedings against
FIDE over the persona non grata matter. (1674)
In an interview in the November 1988 Revista Internacional de Ajedrez Karpov dis

cussed (pages 1 3- 14) his legal confrontation with a former West German journalist,
Helmut Jungwirth, over the latter's alleged embezzlement of computer advertising
returns. On 1 December 1988 various European newspapers reported that Karpov
had won his case and that the journalist had been committed to prison.9 (1 767)
Leit-motif
From the BCM, December 1968, page 362, and its Olympiad report:
'It is an odd fact that most big chess events seem to have some main theme
running through the best games, rather like the leit-motif of a Wagnerian
opera. The theme at Lugano was the isolation of the black Queen's pawn and
play on the white squares in front of it.'
In view of the reference to Wagner we need hardly announce that the writer of these
lines was Harry Golombek. Can readers provide other examples of tournaments with
a theme? (438)
Alekhine's openings
In his idiosyncratic 'ten best ever' article in Chessworld (January-February 1964) 10

Fischer said: 'Many consider Alekhine a great opening theoretician, but I don't think
he was. He played book lines, but didn't know them very well. He always felt that
his natural powers would get him out of any dilemma.'
Finding this hard to accept, we put it to Hugh Myers, who replies as follows:
'/ have a good opinion of Alekhine's opening play. Fischer was right in saying
he played "book lines" but often they were book after he played them. Fischer,
with his respect for Staunton and Anderssen, was more objective about players
of the past than most modern GM's, but I think he underestimated Alekhine. '
(482)
Earliest chess content
From Michael Macdonald-Ross: 1 1

'How many readers know which is the earliest printed book with chess content?
The answer is Johannes Gal/ensis' (John of Waleys) Summa Collationum
(Cologne, Ulrich Zel, about 1470). The information in parentheses is not
explicitly present in the book, and has been established by research. A t the time
Murray did his History of Chess the date ofpublication had not been settled by
scholars, which is no doubt why none of the modern reference works mentions
this as an important first. The chess section ofJohannes' book is a few pages
long and is (of course) on morality. Murray gives an account at the start of
chapter 5. Caxton's chess (1476) is now of less interest: it is not thefirst book
published by Caxton; it is not the first book published in English, and it is not
the first book with chess content.
An imperfect copy of Johannes came up for auction in 1982 and was
bought in for £500, having failed to reach its reserve. Unlike the many chess
reference works, the auctioneers knew about its chess significance: they got
their information from an old E.P. Goldschmidt catalogue. ' (484)
Fifty-move limit
Wanted: games drawn under the fifty-move rule. The only example that comes
immediately to our mind is S.Lipschiitz-H.E.Bird, New York Tournament, 9 April
1 889, which lasted 1 59 moves and was described as a 'long and weary game' by Steinitz
in the tournament book. (554)
Rene Olthof adds Bohm-Debarnot, Amsterdam IBM (Master Group), 1 974, and
Miscellanea 115
Wouters-Leens, Antwerp, 1 963.

We add some references from the BCM's Quotes and Queries column:
Q&Q 1 247: Go1ombek's game v O'Kelly, Belgrade, 1 952.
Q&Q 1277: Steinitz's game against Golmayo, last match game, Havana, 1 883.
Q&Q 1282: K.Ozols-E.Basta, Australian Ch. , Sydney, 1958-59.
The last example is extraordinary since the draw came about on the 78th move
(surely, then, the earliest ever). And both sides still had all their pawns. (677)
It was suggested in C.N. 677 that a game decided by the fifty-move limit on the 78th
move was the earliest ever such case. See, however, Q&Q 4400 on page 1 24 of the March
1985 BCM for a game lasting only 70 moves. (952)
Recent disputes about amendments to the fifty-move law serve as a reminder of an

old controversy which arose during the 1 895 Paris match between Janowsky and
Mieses. The March 1 895 BCM, pages 1 32- 133, reported:
'In the tenth game of this match, there occurred a position of great interest
as bearing upon the difficult and improperly defined subject of the fifty-move
rule. At the sixty-fifth move, M. Janowski had nothing left but two Knights,
and his opponent only two isolated Pawns; whereupon, according to the rule,
Herr Mieses claimed that M. Janowski must mate him in fifty more moves.
The latter at once protested, the rule in France being to allow 60 instead of
50 moves under such circumstances. The referees decided that the moves
should be counted, and the question reserved for the umpire's judgment.
The game then proceeded, and at the 78th move, M. Janowski having taken a
Pawn, the counting according to the rule, began afresh from that point. At
the 1 37th move, that is to say 59 moves from the re-commencement of
counting, the game was adjourned, and as from the position it could only
be a draw, there was no difficulty. Supposing, however, that at the point of
adj ournment, a mate could have been given in a few more moves, say at the
65th or 70th move, what, asks the editor of the Strategie, ought the umpires
to decide in such a case? I n this kind of ending, with two Kts against a Pawn,
it has been demonstrated in the Strategie of 1 8 9 1 , page 84, that there are
numerous positions which require 70 or 75 moves to effect the mate. Can a
game then be adjudicated drawn wherein, with the best play, mate cannot be
given in 50 or even 60 moves?' 1 2 (1551)
Touch and move
On page 50 of Wonders and Curiosities of Chess Chernev refers to an incident at

Buenos Aires, 1960 where Fischer, Black against Unzicker, absent-mindedly touched
his h-pawn at the twelfth move, had to move it and was forced to resign ten moves later.
Another example of accidental fingering (readers are invited to send in others)
came in Teichmann-Burn, Ostend, 1 905. As Tarrasch reported on page 324 of the
November 1905 Wiener Schachzeitung, after 1 e4 e5 2 ltlf3 ltlc6 3 i.b5 a6 4 i.a4

ltlf6 5 0-0 d6 6 lie 1 i.e7 7 c3 0-0 8 d4 i.d7 9 ltlbd2 exd4 10 cxd4 d5 1 1 e5 ltle8
1 2 ltlfl g6 1 3 i.h6, Burn went to play 1 3 . . . ltlg7, but unintentionally picked up the
king's rook. Since that piece had no legal move, Burn had to make a move with his
king. After 1 3 .. . <Gt>h8 his position was quite lost, yet Burn went on to win.
What would have happened if the king had had no legal move either? (565)
David McAlister sends this alternative explanation of Fischer's finger slip (?), from
Mednis' How to Beat Bobby Fischer, pages 1 10- 1 1 1 :
' 12 ... P-KR4?? An unbelievable move and yet all commentators have tried
to explain it in normal c'1ess terms. Here's what actually happened: Bobby
had touched the KRP to move it to KR3. With shock he noted that White
can reply 1 3 BxKRP. Thus there was no choice but to push the KRP two
squares. 12 . . . P-KR4?? is horrible, but 12 . . . P-KR3??? would be even worse.'
(607)
Punctuation
Information wanted: which magazine/book started the convention of awarding moves

exclamation and question marks? And what is the record number of such signs that a
writer has ever dared place against a move? In The Australasian Chess Review, 1 7 June
1937 (page 148) there is a position from Buerger-Alekhine, Margate, 1937 and '36 ...
QxP?????', met by '37 NxB????????'. (582)
From G.H.Diggle:
'The first "exclamation mark" I can discover is in Chess Player's Chronicle
Volume 1 page 4 (Staunton v Popert) but it was put in brackets (/) and denoted
not a good move but a blunder! Walker's Chess Studies occasionally does the
same thing (see games 889 and 946). The earliest modern use of I that I can
find is in the BCM 1881, page 124 (Thorold v Wayte). ' (622)
Rob Verhoeven supplies the following:

Cook's Synopsis of the Chess Openings, 1 874, gives on page 6 a list of abbreviations
which includes =, !, ?.
Lange's Jahrbuch des Westdeutschen Schachbundes 1862 uses (!) and (?).
How much further back is it possible to go? (647)
Lord Dunsany
'One art they say is of no use;

The mellow evenings spent at chess,
Miscellanea 117
The thrill, the triumph, and the truce

To every care, are valueless.
And yet, if all whose hopes were set
On harming man played chess instead,
We should have cities standing yet
Which now are dust upon the dead.'
By Lord Dunsany, BCM, April 1943, page 74Y (661)
Longest analysis
What is the longest ever annotation of a single game? Rene Olthof suggests Hubner's
analysis of his game against Portisch given in the tournament book of the 5th Interpolis
Schaaktoernooi 1 98 1 at Tilburg - on pages 1 5-44. (675)
Long thinking
Onlookers are sometimes mystified by the amount of time that a master may take at
a very early stage of the game. An interesting rationale is to be found in Benjamin M.
Anderson, Jr.'s preface to the American edition of Capablanca's A Primer of Chess.
The writer once watched Mar6czy think for 45 minutes before making his third move
as Black in a standard French Defence.
'I ventured to ask him after the game was over why he had studied so long
at this stage. He said, in substance, that he had not been studying the
position. It merely seemed to him strange that Marshall as White had played
Pawn to King's 4. He had played Marshall many games during the past thirty
years, and Marshall had, as White, never played anything but Pawn to
Queen's 4. Marshall evidently had something up his sleeve. What was it? Was
it safe for him to go into it? What new things in the attack on the French
Defence were in the air? Where had Marshall been recently? Whom had he
met? What new line of play was he likely to have been led to? He finally
reached a conclusion as to what Marshall had in mind. He said the forty-five
minutes had been very profitably spent ! Marshall was, in fact, contemplating
what Mar6czy expected, and Mar6czy was prepared for it. The result of the
game seemed to justify Mar6czy's view that the forty-five minutes had been
profitably spent. I may add that Marshall's comment on the same game was
substantially to this effect: "I had run across this new variation. Nobody
could show me what was the matter with it. I wanted to find out, and
Mar6czy played simple chess and showed me! " '
The game in question is not mentioned, but we guess that it is the following:
F.J.Marshaii-G.Maroczy, Lake Hopatcong, 7 July 1926. French Defence.

1 e4 e6 2 d4 d5 3 �c3 �f6 4 e5 �fd7 5 1!Vg4 c5 6 �f3 �c6 7 i.b5 cxd4 8 �xd4
�xd4 9 'ifxd4 a6 10 i.xd7+ i.xd7 11 0-0 llc8 12 !Vg4 h5 13 '@g3 h4 14 \!fd3 h3
15 g3 \!fc7 16 llel '@c4 1 7 i.e3 1!Vg4 18 'We2 !Vf5 19 lladl llc4 20 lld4 i.b4 21 f4
i.xc3 22 bxc3 llxc3 23 llcl i.b5 24 !Vd2 llc4 25 a4 llxa4 26 c4 llxc4 27 llcxc4
i.xc4 28 llxc4 dxc4 29 'Wd6 \!fd3 30 i.d4 'ifdl + 31 c;t>f2 'ti'd2+ 32 <M3 'ti'g2+
33 \te3 \!fd5 34 \!fb8+ !Vd8 35 Wxb7 0-0 36 1!Vxa6 Wc8 37 !Val lld8 38 g4 'ti'b7
39 f5 Wb3+ 40 <M4 \!fd3 41 i.e3 c3 42 Resigns.
Assuming that we have the right game, what was Marshall's new idea? 14 (706)
Contradiction
On page 39 of 15 Games & Their Stories Botvinnik ponders whether he acted correctly
in a game against Reshevsky by not telling his opponent that the latter had forgotten
to press his clock, and concludes that most likely he did the right thing by saying
nothing. Yet on page 68 Botvinnik himself is to be found forgetting to stop his clock
and he remarks that 'the portion of the Chess Codex forbidding the referee from
drawing the player's attention to a possible time-forfeit was in need of revision.' (727)
Quiz question
Which world champion included canoeing as a hobby in Who's Who?

Alekhine. (741)
Suicide
'Suicide is the sincerest form of self-criticism.'

Our recent notes on chess masters who killed themselves15 have brought a query
as to why F.D.Yates was not mentioned. As far as we are aware, the full truth on
F.D. Y.'s death was given - forcefully - by D .J.Morgan in Q&Q 1 1 89 (BCM, January
1963, page 24):
'We, with the many who have written to us in a storm of protest (J.G.,
W.R.C., R.E.S., L.Y., etc.), were grieved to read in the New Statesman of
November l Oth 1962 that "Assiac" wished to give the impression that that
fine old English player, F.D.Yates, committed suicide.
The facts are as follows: (a) Yates was found dead on November 1 1th 1932.
(b) He was last seen alive on November 9th by a chess friend he was with and
gave a lesson to (still alive). (c) There is an obituary notice in The Times of
November 1 2th, and a report on November 1 6th of the coroner's inquest,
Miscellanea 119
when the verdict was "accidental death". (d) The BCM of December 1932 had
a long notice, giving the facts as above. (e) The conclusive evidence was given
by an official of the gas company, who proved that no tap was turned on,
but there had been a leakage in one of the fittings (the pipes were exhibited in
court).
It is sad that the memory of one of the most honourable and honoured of
British chess-players, Frederick Dewhurst Yates, should be besmeared and
beslimed in the face of established facts. What say you, Assiac? Have we
made a case for the amende honorable?? Even to the dead!!'
D. J. M. told us that he had met Yates in Oxford Street the day before the latter's death.
Page 89 of Chess Characters comments:
'Yates lived and died at a time when both press coverage of chess and
remuneration of its professionals were at low ebb. The "story" of his end,
however, briefly attracted the newsmen, and a few lugubrious "paras"
appeared about the poor little Yorkshireman (found dead in his obscure
bedsitter) "whose whole life," according to one reporter, "had been played
out on the squares of a chessboard." '
Most likely it was the vulturous newsmen - with that passion for truth which
characterises Fleet Street even today - who fabricated a spicy suicide.
However, one player who could have been included in our previous note, so Hugh
Myers informs us, is Cukierman/Cukiermann, a top player in French circles in the
1930s. He died during the Second World War.16 (780)
James J. Barrett refers to an incident in 1922 when Alekhine apparently tried to kill
himself with a knife. Our correspondent sends a photocopy of 'Alexandre Alekhine
par Edmond Lancer in the Alekhine obituary issue of L'Echiquier Beige of April 1946,
number 42 (pages 1 1 52- 1 1 53); he remarks that Lancet had a reputation for integrity, but
that 'the episode is not in the mainstream of Alekhine lore.'
'Alekhine took a few days off to rest in Aachen, where I was staying. Since the
beginning of the year, we had been together on several occasions. We spent
the evening of his birthday together at the Hotel Corneliusbad. He confided
in me, talked to me about his life and showed me pictures of people close to
him. We played, as we often did, several training games in preparation for
the important Vienna tournament, which was to take place from 1 3
November to 2 December. Around three o'clock i n the morning, without any
warning whatsoever, in the grand hall of the hotel which was deserted except
for my partner and myself, Alekhine suddenly tried to commit suicide in a
moment of despair by stabbing himself in the stomach, and fell unconscious
at my feet. I alerted the people at the hotel; the director, doctor, ambulance
and police were summoned. The situation appeared extremely serious, and
Alekhine did not regain consciousness. However, thanks to the rapid and
energetic intervention of those called, he came around and a few days later he
had recovered. Nonetheless, this incident was significant, occurring as it did
shortly before the Vienna tournament. I did my best to dissuade my old

friend from participating, for I was sure that he would not do well. My efforts
were in vain; he insisted on playing and had the worst result of his career
between Scheveningen, 1 9 1 3 and Nottingham, 1 936. He finished equal 4th-
6th, two and a half points behind the winner.'
An amazing story; is there a German reader who could check for references in the
local newspapers? Alekhine in fact made a flying start in the Vienna tourney: that
immortal draw against Reti in the first round, followed by wins against Kmoch (20
moves), Samisch (20 moves) and Takacs (35 moves). Later, things went less smoothly,
with losses to Griinfeld, Rubinstein and H .Wolf, as well as several draws.
Lancel is strangely silent regarding his conversations with Alekhine after the drama;
surely he sought an explanation. 1 7 (790)
Secret
An extract from a letter sent by Harry Woolverton to Newsflash (see July 1984 issue,
page 6):
'It is not generally known that Aitken played a match with the veteran Mieses
in 1947 which he won by 5 Y2-Y2. In deference to the feelings of the old master
the result was never published. I watched the second game which was played at
the Ilford Chess Club; a collection was made at the time for the veteran.' (787)
Other instances are requested. It is believed that Staunton and Morphy played privately
(at the former's wish). CHESS, April 1945, page 1 1 3, reported that at Easter 1920
Reshevsky played a game against the student Muffang. 'Reshevsky's manager stipulated
that the result of the game should not be made public unless Reshevsky won ! ! This
twenty-five year old undertaking has only now been broken.' (996)
Bogoljubow's pessimism
Was Bogoljubow the born optimist we all seem to have assumed?

L'Echiquier, March-April 1935, page 986, reports on an interview wpich appeared in
Kasseler Neueste Nachrichten dated 17 December 1932:
'Question: Everyone thinks that you are an optimist. What is your reaction to
this assessment of your personality?
Answer: People who know nothing about chess or character evaluation claim
that I am an optimist. Quite the contrary, though, I am of a pessimistic
nature. My wife always says (and quite correctly too), "Always expect the
worst; if things then actually turn out better, you'll be happy.'' ' (832)
Miscellanea 121
Telling a story
We do believe that game annotations, including !s and ?s, should tell a coherent story
of mistakes and their exploitation - unless the writer admits that he does not know
what is going on. The thought comes to mind after recent perusal of Fine's (mediocre)
book Bobby Fischer's Conquest of the World Chess Championship. Games 5 and 6 of
the 1972 match will suffice as examples. Spassky is alleged to have made a string of
bad moves, yet somehow he still has a draw available many moves later.
Sometimes Fine gets facts right: 'Paul Morphy ( 1 837- 1 884)', page 3. Sometimes he
gets them wrong: 'Paul Morphy ( 1 836- 1 883)', page 89. His judgements are equally
schizophrenic.
An old yarn repeated by Fine (page 79) and also given by Chernev in Curious Chess
Facts (page 10) and Wonders and Curiosities of Chess (page 7) is that a German 'chess
book' once appeared which was completely blank except for the words 'Halt's Maul'
('Keep your mouth shut/Keep quiet'). 'Three hundred blank pages' , wrote Fine. True?
Many of Fine's pages would have been better off blank. (857)
Ken Whyld sends us a photocopy of The International Chess Magazine, November

1 885, page 334:
'The enterprising publisher, Herr Adolph Roegner of Leipzic [sic], has
launched, under the title Regeln fur Nichtmitspieler, a little pamphlet of rules
for spectators, which may be recommended for its brevity if not perhaps for
pertinence. The whole code is condensed, after the title page, in the two
words: "Halt's Maul" ("Hold your tongue").'
The operative word is pamphlet. (884)
Flaw
A pointless tale, often repeated (e.g. Chernev's The Bright Side of Chess, page 1 9), is
that at Nottingham, 1936 Salo Flohr thought he would win all the prizes because he
heard the lift operator say 'First Flohr, Second Flohr, Third Flohr' .
Before the story is printed yet again, it would be as well to mention that it had
already been given in CHESS for 14 November 1935 (page 1 1 5), where the witticism
is credited to Lilienthal. Since the writer of the article in question is George
Koltanowski, one must be doubly sceptical. 1 8 (887)
Rubinstein
We are grateful to Karl De Smet for interviewing on our behalf Sammy Rubinstein,
the son of that wonderfully talented, but tragic, chess genius . From the recording of
the discussion, held in Brussels and concerning mainly personal aspects of A.K.R. 's
life, we give the following notes:

A.K.R. married in 1 9 17; his wife (nee Lew) bore him two sons (born 1 9 1 8 and 1927).
She died in 1954. Sammy Rubinstein's elder brother is a retired electrical engineer
living in Charleroi. S.R. believes that there were family connections with the pianist
Artur Rubinstein in L6dz.
It was S.R. 's brother (who went on to become a strong player and once beat O'Kelly
in a tournament, before giving up the game for bridge) who taught him to play - not
his father. S.R. says that in 1 9 14 his father thought he would have a match with Lasker,
but Capablanca emerged and once the Cuban won the title Rubinstein no longer had
any Championship ambitions. After 193 1 A .K.R. gave some simultaneous displays,
the last being in Liege in 1946, whilst also playing in private at home with Yanofsky,
Najdorf and O'Kelly.
The family lived together (A.K.R.'s wife having opened a restaurant in the early
thirties) until 1942. S.R. spent 1 943-44 in the hands of the Germans. After the death
of his mother, S.R. suffered a depression and spent 3-4 years in a psychiatric institute.
At home A.K.R. tended to remain alone in his room, being very uncommunicative.
Sammy concludes: 'Chess was everything for him, and I don't believe it is enough to
fill a life. You have to do other things as well.' (909)
Richard the Fifth
It is frequently stated that Teichmann was called 'Richard the Fifth' on account of
the number of times he finished number five in a tournament. If the record in the
Spence book is to be believed, there is no justification for the nickname; Teichmann
is shown as finishing fifth or equal fifth only nine times out of fifty tournaments. He
was first or equal first in eighteen. (929)
Stahlberg's list
Carl-Eric Erlandsson sends the following list from Stahlberg's I kamp med viirldseliten
(page 70):
'My hardest opponents: Alekhine and Botvinnik; my most interesting
opponent: Lasker; my most pleasant opponent: Keres; the greatest master:
Alekhine; the greatest talent: Capablanca; the greatest strategist: Botvinnik;
the greatest tactician: Lasker; the foremost endgame practitioner: Smyslov;
the most imaginative master: Bronstein.' (937)
His master's voice
Dale Brandreth writes:

Miscellanea 123
'Some time ago I acquired a record made by Bje/ica in Yugoslavia of the

voices of a number of world champions: Smys/ov, Fischer, Botvinnik, Tal,
Karpov, among others. I rather like this since it adds a little something to
knowledge oftheir personalities, etc. However, I was disappointed that it did not
include anything by Capablanca, Alekhine or Lasker, all of whom were
interviewed many times and sometimes were recordedfor radio. For example,
Alekhine was on the radio during his California visit in 1932, though I have
never actually heard any of the interviews. Does any reader know ofany studios
that might have such audio records that could be obtained for a fee? I should
like to piece together a few of the old-timers for a short tape. Of course, for
Alekhine and Euwe there must be something available still in Holland during the
time of their great matches in 1935 and 1 937. For Lasker and Capa there
should be something available too, perhaps at Nottingham, 1936. ' 19 (938)
Pion coiffe
W.D.Rubinstein asks:
'Are there any twentieth-century examples of a game with a pion coiffe (capped
pawn) stipulation? It seems utterly incredible that anyone could win if his is the
capped pawn. Would not any good club player easily beat the World Champion
under these conditions?' (101 7)
From Hugh Myers:

'Odds of capped pawn might be greater than knight odds, but are probably
safer than rook odds. These werefavorite odds ofa semi-pro player named Odell
(O'Dell?), well-known in Chicago ten to forty years ago. I saw him win with
capped pawn more than once - but it would be too boring to sit through a
whole game. They tend to be very long. The technique is simply to protect the
capped pawn, which is usually f2 (as by d3, h3, e3, g3, and a piece on f3) and
then outplay the weaker opponent, winning one piece after another. When afew
pieces ahead, maybe with two or three queens, it's easy to force the black king
into a position where the capped pawn gives mate. It is no wonder that such
tedious slaughters aren't published. Maybe no-one would give these odds to
"a good club player" (whatever that means), but there are lots ofplayers who
take odds and play for money, and one doesn't have to be the World Champion
to beat most of them, and there are many players below the level of World
Champion who wouldn't be "easily" beaten by patzers who receive odds of
capped pawn. ' (1091)
W.D.Rubinstein writes:
'Hugh Myers' remarks on the pion coiffe: Surely the fallacy here is that
"the technique is simply to protect the capped pawn. " But if one can sacrifice
the queen, both rooks, several minor pieces, andfive pawns in order to capture
the pion coiffe - and still win - then the technique is anything but easy. ' (1 122)
A reply from Hugh Myers:

'The goal of chess is to capture a king can Professor Rubinstein always do
-
that with such a barrage of sacrifices?? The player with capped pawn has, in
effect, a second king to defend. That can be done against weak opponents. You
don't give an expert the odds of cappedpawn! And you don't have to be a GM to
give those odds!' (1156)
James J. Barrett writes:

'The Dictionnaire des Echecs (page 80) gives a game won by Max Lange (in
21 moves!) against Schierstedt (Breslau, 1868) in which his queen's knight was
coiffe.·
But is this a genuine specimen? Are there not grounds for suspicion, given that White
opens 1 e4 e5 2 ltlc3, and that Black never once attempts to attack the Q ltl ? (1327)
World tour
The conclusion of an article on pages 49 1-492 of the December 1925 BCM: 'Boris
Kostic can claim that he is the first chess master to make a tour of the chess world in a
really comprehensive way . . . '
Any dissenters? (1042)
Chess the brain-weakener
William R. Hartston sends us the following from the London Evening News of5 Decem
ber 192 1 :
' A CHESS PRODIGY GOES ASTRAY
Counsel Thinks Brain May Have Been Weakened
A child chess prodigy, William Winter, known afterwards to the police as "a
Simple Simon among the Communists" appealed today against a six months'
sentence at Bristol for seditious speeches.
He was described as an international chess player and a student of
Cambridge University.
Mr H.S.Diamond, on his behalf, said he could not really appeal against the
conviction, as there was evidence that he uttered the speeches.
During the war, he said, Winter was in the Honourable Artillery Company,
Miscellanea 125
being discharged with a good character. He seemed to have left his studies at
Cambridge to air his extreme Socialistic views and join the Communist ranks.
It was said that he was under the influence of a woman older than himself.
While he did not suggest that chess players all become weak in the head, he
submitted that in this case the man's brain was weakened. A term of
imprisonment might have a severe effect on him.
Mr Justice Branson said no fault could be found with the trial. This young
man left his studies an9 employment to stir up strife among those less
fortunate than himself.
The sentence was not too severe, for those who made such seditious
speeches inflamed and perverted many people. The appeal was dismissed.'(l072)
Not Steinitz
Many anecdotal books (the latest being The Kings of Chess by W.Hartston, page 67)
attribute to Steinitz the sharp questioning quip about a monkey examining a watch.
This is given on page 37 of the February 1 890 International Chess Magazine, but Steinitz
is not the speaker. The words were said by Mr Schiill of the Liverpool Chess Club, and
are reported by Burn in a published letter to Steinitz. (1077)
Gens una sumus
The BCM, May 1928 (page 223) has a game played by Carlos Torre and Concepcion
Torre versus Egidio Torre and Raul Torre. The source is the Mexican journal Boletfn
de Ajedrez, which had the caption 'The Torre Family in Action'. An ultimate, one
would assume, for a game involving a well-known master. (1 1 1 7)
Excuses for winning
Wanted: original explanations by masters who won tournaments. Larsen accounted

for his victory in the 1967 Sousse Interzonal as follows: 'I won the tournament because
nobody tried to win it. Gligoric and Geller were concerned only with qualifying.'
Source: Jaque Mate, 1/1968, page 1 . (1209)
Lasker's new notation
From the BCM, January 190 1 , page 1 8:

'Dr Lasker has invented a new chess notation, which consists in drawing
a line on a diagram from the square on which a piece or Pawn stands to the
square to which it is moved, and adding the number of the move. As pieces
often return to the same squares from which they moved, and other pieces
and Pawns frequently occupy those squares, and those to which the lines may
be drawn, it appears to us that unless a separate diagram were devoted to
each piece, such a complication of lines would occur as to make any
confusion that exists in the present systems of notation only worse
confounded.'
And that was the end of that. (1221)
Doubled pawns
A quote from W. Winter's 'Introduction and Biography' on page 14 of One-Hundred

and-One of My Best Games of Chess by F.D.Yates:
'[Yates] was himself not without certain heterodox opinions, one of which
was a decided partiality for doubled pawns. "I have two doubled pawns, I
must win," was a common saying of his, and certainly he secured some
surprising victories through the extra mobility which the breaking up of the
pawn skeleton gives to the rooks.'
Has this taste been shared by other masters?20 (1241)
De ath
The case of Dr A.Olland, who died during a game, is well known. At a lightning
tournament in the British Chess Federation Congress, Edinburgh, 1926 James Marshall
collapsed and died (BCM, September 1926, pages 406 and 4 1 7). 'The tournament was
at once abandoned and the rooms closed until the evening as a mark of respect.' For
another case, see page 44 of the November 1974 CHESS (anonymous reader's letter).
Any other examples?
We should also like information on two separate murder cases involving chess
personalia: the death of Abe Turner on 25 October 1 962 (New York) and the action
committed by the American International Master Raymond Weinstein in the 1960s.
(1286)
Paul Valois has sent us photocopies of The New York Times for 26 October (page 24)
and 27 October (page 5 1 ) 1962. The first states that on 25 October the body of 38-year
old Abe Turner was found in a large wall safe in the building of Chess Review, where
he had been working as a clerk. He had been stabbed nine times. The following day's
report said that a 35-year-old handyman, Theodore Weldon Smith, had been arrested
Miscellanea 127
on the Thursday night (i.e. 25 October). 'The police said that he had admitted the
crime, and that he had a record of mental disturbances. In Criminal Court, Judge
Manuel A. Gomez ordered the prisoner to be sent to Bellevue Hospital for psychiatric
observation. The police quoted Smith as having said he attacked Mr Turner because the
"Secret Service" had ordered that he be killed as a "spy".'
Mr Valois has been unable to find in The New York Times any reference to a trial.
With regard to the other case mentioned in C.N. 1 286 Sidney Bernstein informs
us:
'I have it on most reliable authority (the author John Collins, who was a close
friend of Raymond Weinstein) that Weinstein (an extremely strong and
promising young player who finished third in the 1960-61 U. S. Championship)
had been confined to a mental institution. While on temporary leave, he was
rooming with an older man who made derogatory remarks about Weinstein's
mother. Raymond slit the man's throat with a razor, and was, of course,
incarcerated permanently. Raymond's mother is also in an asylum. ' 21 (131 1)
Peak age
On page xvii of the first volume of his best games Tartakower says: 'If one wishes to
generalise one might say that as a rule it is towards his forty-fifth year that an
intellectual worker is most successful. In my own case it was not till 1930 that at long
last I achieved a first prize in a big international tournament in which several great
masters competed (at Liege).'
Whilst wishing to shun too scientific a debate, we wonder what readers think of
Tartakower's claim about the glorious mid-forties. (1288)
From Colin McGuigan:

'In the October 1973 CHESS (page 19) Professor Elo states:
"If a player should reach the master level by age 18, he may expect an
advance in proficiency in the next 15 years of approximately a full class
interval. However, about 3/4 of this advance ( 1 50 points) may be regis
tered before age 23, and the remaining portion in the next ten years." '
On page 93 of The Rating of Chessplayers Past & Present Elo writes: 'For players in
continuous competition, performance at about age 63 is comparable to that at age 2 1 .
Peak performance i s attained around age 36, and the average peak is about 120 points
higher than the level at ages 21 and 63. The decline is slower than the rise, but it is steady
and unremitting, in most cases . . .' (1330)
Predictions
From page 8 of Kings of the Chess Board by Lajos Steiner:

'I was not really surprised when, before the Hastings Christmas Tournament
of 1934, Lilienthal half jokingly told me that he would beat Capablanca with
a Queen sacrifice, then he would give Capablanca his autograph. Lilienthal
could never forget that in Paris a few years previously Capablanca refused to
give him his autograph. And, to the surprise of the spectators, Lilienthal's
prophecy came true! Never in his life was Capablanca so crushingly defeated
by a Queen sacrifice.' 22
We would like other examples of prophecies that were fulfilled. (1294)
Ed Tassinari makes a contribution:

'From Chess Life, November 1 962, page 261, apiece by the U. S. Team Captain
Eliot Hearst on the Varna Olympiad describing Fischer's victory over Najdorf:
"Bobby told Najdorf the day before that he would beat him in 25 moves and
he kept his promise, winning very neatly in 24 moves." ' (1359)
W.D. Rubinstein writes :

'The chess column (15 January 1947, page 14) ofThe New Citizen (a magazine
aimed at recent migrants to Australia) written by A. Wo/fers contains the game
Botvinnik v Levenfish, 1940, with the comment, "A beautiful game by the future
world champion". (Wolfers predicted that Botvinnik andEuwe wouldfinishfirst
and second in the 1948 Match-Tournament.)'
Wanted: other confident predictions of World Champion status, both those which
proved uncannily accurate and those which were wildly inaccurate. (1 769)
From Ed Tassinari:
'In January 1947, El Ajedrez Espafiol published an interview with Najdorf
titled "/ am Going to Be World Champion", excerpts of which later appeared
in the March 1947 CHESS, page 169. '
Richard Lappin quotes from an unsigned item (by Lasker?) on page 200 of the
August-September 1906 issue of Lasker's Chess Magazine:
'Schlechter, it appears, was about to challenge Dr Lasker for the Champion
ship, when he heard of the failure of Lasker-Mar6czy; but was prevented
by being headed off by Marshall. Schlechter, by virtue of his great victory at
Ostend this year, would have been fully entitled to issue such a challenge, and
should a match between him and Dr Lasker ever take place, it will, probably,
prove the most stubborn chess match ever contested.' 23
R.L. also points out that page 250 of the October 1906 issue of the same magazine
quotes some dubious cub reporting from the Indianapolis Sun of 20 November:
Miscellanea 129
' . . Marshall, in January, plays Dr Lasker, of Philadelphia [sic], for the

American [sic] chess championship. The match with the Philadelphia player
is scheduled to start Jan. 4. It has attracted the attention of the chess world.
Most of the knowing ones pick Marshall as the winner, for he is rising in the
science of the game, while the Quaker City physician [sic], chess players
believe, has about reached his capacity.'
Tailpiece: later in the Sun interview, Marshall was asked how many cigars he
smoked:
'Oh, very few now. I'm in training for the match with Dr Lasker. I'll probably
smoke ten a day. A few days before the games start I'll rest up still more, for
as soon as that day comes round, I'll smoke 25 cigars a day. In three hours'
play I smoke about 15.' (1815)
The queen sacrifice
Page 1 1 of the January 193 1 BCM quoted from a letter written by Major Claude
Chepmell 'a few years before his death':
'A point affecting the young players of my generation, notably Locock and
Wainwright: I think we placed the Queen's sacrifice in the "ordinary player's"
hand as an effective weapon and that in so doing we brought the Queen's
power into much more correct perspective.
Before the 'eighties the Queen was over-estimated, and even in 'eighty-six
J.H.Blackburne told me that he thought the Queen was "too strong for the
board" .
Footnotes to games used to mention "Mates or Wins the Queen" as if they
were absolute synonyms. (I think that one edition, Capt. Crawley's Handbook
of Games had some allusion to this.)
And the Queen sacrifice was looked on as something occult, and only
permissible to Masters !
By the middle 'nineties everybody was sacrificing Queens quite joyfully.
(I remember Wayte commenting to me on the matter.) I am inclined to claim
that change for my generation - though perhaps we were inspired by Howard
Taylor to some extent.
This is scarcely meat for Who's Who, but may be useful to anyone who is
daring enough to write a history of the game from the tactical point of view
rather than the antiquarian. ' (1315)
FIDE's origins
Casto P. Abundo sends us a copy of a document dated 1 5 June 1 9 14 which serves as

a reminder that steps to form an international federation were taken well before 1924.
It is a 'Summons to all Chess Federations, champions, protectors and friends' and
announces a meeting on 14 July 1 9 14 at Mannheim. 'The provisional chairmen of the
International Chess Federation' are named as Prof. Dr R.Gebhardt and P.P.Saburoff;
the scheme came about as a result of an initiative taken in St Petersburg on 23 April
19 14, a conference attended by figures such as Bernstein, Gunsberg and Burn. 'The
purpose and tasks of the International Chess Federation' would be:
'A. Who shall be recognized as international Champion.
B. Support for champions who are ill and invalided.
C. The World Championship.
D. Regulation on general questions (rules for the game notation and so on).'
'Single members (as honourable members, protectors or real members) as well as
confederations and associations may belong to the International Chess Federation.'
We can add that there is some comment on this document in the August 1914 BCM
(pages 290-29 1), and by chance we recently came across the following report on page
12 of The Times (London) of Wednesday 4 August 1920:
'A Reuter's telegram of Monday's date gives the news of the formal opening
of the Gothenburg Tournament by the president, Mr Martin Anderson.
The question of an international chess federation was discussed, and it was
proposed that the Nordiska Shackforbundet [sic - Schackforbundet] should
take the initiative in the constitution of such a federation. When one remem
bers that the professional players competing at Gothenburg are mostly the
men who suggested the same movement at Mannheim in 19 14, the meaning
of the message becomes clear. It is an attempt by these same men to form
an association that shall only regard the interests of the professional chess
player, with the larger interests of chess entirely ignored. The British Chess
Federation, on the other hand, is working in concert with the chess
authorities of the world, to form a truly International Federation, in which
the professional player will be welcome as a player, but will not be allowed to
dominate policy. Mr L.P.Rees, the BCF secretary, informs me that this
recrudescence of the ill-advised Mannheim suggestions of 1 9 14 will in no wise
affect the policy of the British body.' (1476)
Chessmen and milk
A feature culled, without comment, from page 84 of the April 1930 American Chess
Bulletin, under the title 'Chess Prodigy in the South' :
'The Commercial Appeal of Memphis, Tenn. , in its issue of March 9, printed
an article, with photograph of William H. Griffith Jr. , the 3-year-old son
of W .H.Griffith of that city, in which are set forth some facts which would
challenge the credulity of most people were it not that they are vouched for
by the proud father himself and that the article was contributed by Miss
Rosa Jefferson, well-known chess editor of that journal.
Miscellanea 131
It seems that Sammy Reshefsky [sic] and other child prodigies, to a certain
extent, are thrown into the shade by the accomplishments of this young
hopeful. William was born on January 1 8, 1927, and "has been raised on
chessmen and milk, chessmen taking the place of all the usual toys". At
2 years and 6 months he was able to set up the 32 pieces exactly where they
belong. This he did at the Memphis Chess Club and with board and men that
were unfamiliar to him. At 3 years and 1 month he is said to have played the
black pieces of a memorized game of 17 moves originally played by Schulten
and Horwitz. This much he learned from hearing the score called to him, and
he is familiar with the notation. Given the opportunity, he can effect the
scholar's mate. All in all, and considering his years, the little expert is getting
along tolerably well.' (1522)
Nationalism
Nationalistic or chauvinistic remarks look even more ridiculous with hindsight than
when first printed.24 Here is a wartime example from what Stewart Reuben (in the End
June 1987 CHESS, page 59) labelled 'the English chess world' :
'As a compliment to our brave Russian Allies we publish in the Games
Department of our present issue the first instalment of 20 games from the St.
Petersburg tournament of last year (April, 19 14).'
Source: BCM, October 1 9 1 5 , page 353.
During the Second World War, the BCM again faced the problem of how to report
German chess. A good editorial (March 1944, pages 49-50) argued against the views
of a reader who had protested 'against our reporting chess news from countries with
which we are at war; according to him, we should ignore them and not give them
gratuitous publicity.'
The item did, however, contain a curious blunder:
'We see nothing wrong in publishing a fine game by Klaus Junge. The
birthplace of a player does not seem to us to affect the artistic value of his
games one way or the other.'
Junge was born in Chile. (1530)
Book sales
Information on chess book sales is rarely published. In a letter to the BCM (September
1932, page 402) John Keeble wrote:
'In 1 899 our much loved chess master, J.H.Blackburne, published his Games
at Chess, selected, annotated and arranged by himself. This work was edited
in an excellent way by P.Anderson Graham, and, I think, sold at ten shillings

per copy. In August 1 9 1 4 Mr Blackburne told me 3,00 1 copies of the book
were printed, and up to that date 2,900 had been sold. The remainder were
eventually disposed of, so that the book brought in £ 1 ,500, and must have
made a profit. '
The author ('S') of an earlier BCM article then added t o Keeble's letter the considera
tion that the total royalties (presumably 1 0- 1 5%) shared by Blackburne and Graham
were thus not likely to have exceeded £ 1 50 or £225. In fact, the sums would have been
smaller by one quarter: the selling price was 7/6 (BCM, December 1 899, page 500).
About P.Anderson Graham we know almost nothing. Where did he come from and
where did he go to?25 (1538)
Brilliancy oddity
An oddity regarding brilliancy prizes is the case briefly mentioned on page 28 1 of the
March 1984 CHESS. At a minor tournament B.H.Wood put up a brilliancy prize;
the winner was C.Sims, for his defeat of B.H.Wood. (1548)
No annotations
C.N. 27 referred to 'one of those rare games in which everything is so orderly and logical
that for many players annotations would be superfluous' . 26 A writer who took this
approach to extremes was Weaver B. Adams, in his introduction to How to Play Chess :
'A word with regard to the games which follow: there are no annotations,
because I feel that they are not necessary. Each move is crystal clear. No
other move could possibly be played in the position. This is what happens
in a game when you get the right start. Essentially chess is not difficult. It is
only because of the popularity of certain openings that we get an opposite
impression. But by applying the principles, ( I ) maximum increment of power
afforded the piece moved, (2) maximum mobility (usefulness of the square
vacated), (3) minimum loss of option (don't move a piece until it is certain
where it is best posted), and (4) minimum weaknesses, (check all weaknesses
to see if they can be tolerated), seldom will it not be clear that but one move
satisfies all of these conditions.' (1612)
Staunton and Lowenthal
The July 1881 issue of Brentano's Chess Monthly (page 124) discussed a quarrel between
Miscellanea 133
Staunton and Lowenthal, quoting Mars (the pseudonym of G.A.MacDonnell) in the

Illustrated Sporting and Dramatic News :
'Well, here is what I know on this subject: I never heard Staunton speak a
word as to the cause of the quarrel, but I often heard him express in bitter
language his dislike and contempt for the Hungarian. But Lowenthal a short
time before his death gave me the following account of the matter: A
correspondent wrote to the Era - wherein Lowenthal was at the time
conducting a chess column - asking him what was his score with Staunton.
Lowenthal, in reply, did not, as well as I remember, specify the names of the
players referred to, but he indicated them so very clearly to the initiated that
there could be no mistake as to their identity, and claimed for himself a score
exceeding his opponent's in a certain ratio. Thereupon, another corres
pondent wrote to Staunton inquiring as to the score, and he claimed for
himself a majority in a still greater ratio, and, at the same time, he sent for
Lowenthal and requested of him a letter corroborative of his statement to be
published in the Illustrated London News. Lowenthal was frightened, but
refused his request on the ground that such a statement would be untrue;
whereupon, Staunton told him he regarded him as an impostor, and should
renounce his acquaintance. Who was right it is difficult, indeed, I may say
impossible, to decide. In the case of matches the score is always made public.
This is one of the few advantages pertaining to matches; but in off-hand
games, played, as were the games referred to, without any stake, the players
have to depend upon memory, a very treacherous calculator, that is but too
apt to remember the games that have been won and to forget those that have
been lost. What particularly irritated Staunton in this matter was the seeming
ingratitude of his protege. He had been Lowenthal's first and best friend
from the time of his arrival in this country. He had treated him with
unbounded hospitality, had recommended him to pupils, had used his
influence successfully to get him appointed secretary to the St. George's Club
at a salary of £ 100 a year, and therefore he considered, and rightly I think,
that, even granting the score given by Lowenthal to be correct, he was not
justified in making it public. On the other hand, I must add that Staunton's
persecution of the Hungarian from that time forward was wholly inexcus
able.'
Translated into anecdotese, that becomes:
'Staunton had a high reputation - and he was jealous of it. One time he
confronted Lowenthal, a rival master, with, "I understand, Mr Lowenthal,
that you have published a statement in your chess column to the effect that
you have beaten me the majority of games." "I did write that," answered
Lowenthal. "You will have to retract that assertion in your next issue," said
Staunton. "But I did beat you the majority of the games we played,"
protested Lowenthal. "That does not matter," Staunton replied, "you must
retract the statement! " '
Source: The Bright Side of Chess by Irving Chernev, pages 9- 10. (1624)
The Way It Was
Ed Tassinari writes:
'In the book The Way It Was: 1 876 by Suzanne Hilton (Westminster Press:
Westminster, Pennsylvania, 1976), the author cites the following passage from
an 1876 work entitled The Young Lady's Book by Mrs Henry Mackarness,
published by George Routledge and Sons: "Chess is not a game much played
by ladies as it requires rather more thought and calculation than women
possess." ' (1681)
The American Chess Bulletin of January 1908 (pages 5-6) quotes from an article on
women chess players which had appeared in the Saturday Review of London. Two
sentences to give the flavour:
'A careful examination of the games of players whom the world recognizes as
great, reveals the fact that the faculties <!.nd qualities of concentration,
comprehensiveness, impartiality, and above all, a spark of originality, are to
be found in combination and in varying degrees. The absence of these
qualities in women explains why no member of the feminine sex has occupied
any high position as a chess player.' 2 7 (1 748)
Brief obituaries
Capablanca 's obituary in Deutsche Schachbliitter (7/8 1942, page 60) was three lines.
As far as we can see, the same magazine had made no mention at all of Lasker's death
the previous year. (1 718)
Fastest players
From page 1 1 7 of Wonders and Curiosities of Chess by Irving Chernev:

'The fastest tournament players have been Zukertort, Charousek, Janowski,
Dake and Capablanca.'
To judge by page 34 of the December 1941 CHESS, a likely addition would be
F.Apscheneek (or Apsenieks): 'He was a remarkably fast player, against whatever class
of opposition. In the second round of the first Kemeri tournament, he consumed only
about fifteen minutes over his entire game against Alekhine; the latter took over two
Miscellanea 135
hours, the game being drawn in 33 moves.'

Documentation is requested regarding the above players or others. (1 728)
K.Ozols, a participant in the Kemeri, 1937 tournament, informs us:

'Fritz Apsenieks was a brilliant chess tactician. He played very fast, but in
complicated positions was always able to find the right move. I could not
confirm or deny the story concerning his game in Kemeri with Alekhine.
It is interesting that as Alekhine, during the Kemeri tournament, was
preparing for his rematch with Max Euwe, he abstained/rom all alcoholic drink,
unlike Apsenieks, who dearly loved a glass of beer or vodka. ' (1 760)
An addition could be Abraham Kupchik, about whom Capablanca wrote on page 7 of

Diorio de Ia Marina of 1 6 March 1 9 1 3:
'It is obvious that young Kupchik does not play as is proper, reflecting upon
his moves as would the top player in the world; playing with great rapidity,
he tries to win against an opponent who is as strong as him, if not stronger.
I can say that I am considered the fastest player in the world amongst the
masters, and I can state that the young Russian cannot see very much playing
as he does; inevitably his play is superficial and the element of luck counts a
great deal in determining the result of his games. I believe that, given his age,
the young Russian plays very well, but if he is ever to become somebody, it
will be necessary for him to think much more when . . . he is playing a match
and not just offhand games to pass the time.'
Nigel Freeman mentions Viswanathan Anand, quoting a) an interview which
appeared in the 2/1988 New in Chess and b) page 99 of the July 1987 CHESS, which
reported that Anand took only sixteen minutes to beat de Firmian and twenty-five to
defeat Mestel. (1 761)
Kreymborg
Most readers will recall the article 'Chess Reclaims a Devotee' by Alfred Kreymborg
(see pages 6- 1 8 of The Fireside Book of Chess by Irving Chernev and Fred Reinfeld).
The following brief extracts summarize his story:
'In my last tournament - a national contest won by Frank Marshall, with
Jose Capablanca half a game [sic] behind - I lost nine pounds over a simple
oversight I committed in a game against Chajes - then the Western champion
and an East Side idol. I broke down near the close of a combination some
seventeen or eighteen moves deep with all the pieces on the board, excepting a
pawn or two on each side . . . Having spent fifty minutes on the first move of
the combination, I would have only ten minutes to make my next nineteen
moves. This, however, was a safe matter: I knew the combination by heart
and, one by one, Chajes was making the anticipated moves . . . After Chajes
made his sixteenth move [in the combination], I would only have to make my
seventeenth and he his seventeenth. Then my eighteenth, the coup de grace,
would force him to resign . . . And then - to my frozen horror - I saw I had
made, not my seventeenth, but my eighteenth move! I had transposed the
moves and blundered outright! A few moves later I resigned. Instead of an
immortal game, a game for chess history - as Marshall assured me later - I
had blundered like a tyro. An infinitesimal aberration cost me the game, my
chances in the tournament and my whole chess career . . . But I had already
reached a solemn determination. While sitting petrified in a chair which
should have been a throne, and accepting Chajes' cordial condolence, I
resolved to have done with chess tournaments, chess clubs and chess forever
after.'
The score of the game was appealed for, in vain, on page 500 of the September 1977
issue of Chess Life & Review, but is to be found easily enough on page 55 of the March
1 9 1 1 American Chess Bulletin :
A.Kreymborg-O.Chajes, Round 2, New York Tournament, 19 1 1 . Sicilian Defence.
1 e4 e5 2 lt:lf3 lt:le6 3 d4 exd4 4 lt:lxd4 lt:lf6 5 lt:le3 d6 6 i.e2 g6 7 i.e3 i.g7 S 0-0 0-0
9 h3 i.d7 10 'fi'd2 a6 11 lt:lb3 b5 12 a3 lieS 13 f4 'fi'e7 14 liadl i.e6 15 lifel ('QR-K'
cannot be right.) 15 ... i.xb3 16 exb3 lt:la5 17 b4 lt:le4 IS i.xe4 'fi'xe4 19 e5 dxe5
20 fxe5 lt:le4 21 lt:lxe4 'fi'xe4 22 i.e5 't!fb7 23 e6 f5 24 'fi'd7 lie7 25 i.xe7 liaS 26 'fi'dS+
i.f8 27 i.xf8 lixdS 2S lixdS lieS 29 e7 't!fb6+ 30 <it>hl lixdS 31 exdS='t!f 'fi'xdS
32 .te5 g5 33 lift f4 34 b3 'fi'd3 35 lif3 'fi'bl+ 36 <it>h2 't!fe2 37 i.e7 h6 3S i.e5 <it>h7
39 �1 <it>g6 40 a4 bxa4 41 bxa4 'fi'xa4 42 g3 't!fdl+ 43 lift @d3 44 gxf4 1!fg3+ 45 <it>hl
'ti'xh3+ 46 �1 gxf4 47 Wf2 W£5 4S ligl 'fi'e3 49 lihl 't!fd2+ 50 <it>gl 'fi'el + 51 �2
f3+ 52 Resigns.
The significance of Kreymborg's story is lessened by the fact that he continued to
play in occasional team matches (see American Chess Bulletin, November 1 9 1 4, page
236 and July-August 1 9 1 5, page 1 32). (1 744)
Ed Tassinari writes:
' On pages 34-35 of Chess Memoirs, Dr Joseph Platz gives a game Kreymborg
Platz, Metropolitan Chess League, 1940, in which Platz represented the
Manhattan Chess Club and Kreymborg the Marshall Chess Club. This
reinforces the point that Kreymborg played in team matches long after the
Chajes game at New York, 191 1. ' 28 (1814)
Imposture
From G.H.Diggle:
'There have been innumerable chess piracies and plagiarisms, but few actual
Miscellanea 13 7
"frauds", though there was once an attempted "impersonation" of a chess

master. On page 363 of the November 1855 Chess Player's Chronicle Brien
(then the Editor) writes:
"During the Michaelmas week an impostor appeared in Huddersfield
under the name of Mr Zytogorski, who has not left London for a long
time. A similar fraud was perpetrated, we hear, at Leamington and in
other parts of Yorkshire. Our country readers cannot be too much on
their guard against such an imposture." ' 29 (1875)
Chapter 5
Gaffes
Gaffes 139
Error prone
A selection from Chess by Paul Langfield (Macdonald Guidelines, 1978):

Pages 55-59: 'The Endgame'. Unbelievable though it may seem, this chapter has
virtually nothing about the endgame.
Page 60: 'A player may claim a draw if his opponent makes the same move three times in
one game.'
Page 64: The illustration labelled Lasker is Tarrasch.
Page 66: The same illustration makes another appearance, still with the caption
'Emanuel Lasker'. It is still Siegbert Tarrasch.
Pages 76 and 78: For the death of Alekhine in 1 946, Langfield writes 1948 and places
Estoril in Spain instead of Portugal.
Page 93: 'Draws: these are agreed between players when it is realized that neither can
checkmate due to loss of material.'
Page 93: 'Endgame: the last moves in a game when a player strives to checkmate - or to
avoid it.'
Page 93: 'Forced move: a move which the player must mak� not necessarily to get out
of check.'
Page 94: 'Skewer: an attack on a piece which is beyond the piece occupying the square
attacked.' 1 (23 & 74)
Concentration of errors
On page 64 of Meet the Masters by M.Euwe the match Capablanca-Corzo is

discussed:
'In 1900, when only twelve years old, he beat J.Corzo by four games to nil,
with six draws, in a match for the championship of Cuba.'
In fact the match took place in 190 1 , not 1900; Capa was thirteen, not twelve; he lost
three games, not zero; the match was not for the championship of Cuba.
The year of the match seems to have caused widespread confusion on account of
Capablanca's statement in My Chess Career (London, 1920) that his age was twelve,
whereas he celebrated his thirteenth birthday just after the match started. Nonetheless
the date 1900 appears only in the index; it is hardly fair to claim that Capablanca
forgot the year of the match himself - the facts, correct in all particulars, are given
in his book of the Havana, 1 9 1 3 tournament.2 (93)
Working out moves
The Australasian Chess Review of 20 July 1932 (page 1 76) gives the following delightful
paragraph:
'In a recent number of the London "Sphere" there is a fine photo of two ofthe
players in the London congress seated at the board with clocks and score
sheets alongside them. Underneath is the following priceless description:
"Concentration. W. Winter (England) and Dr S.Tartakower (Poland) ponder
their next move during the international tournament. The clocks show how
much time each player has taken (for this is limited by rule). The pencil and
paper are used to work out combinations before a move is made. " ' (203)
CHESS of August 1 940 (page 247) reports that the London Evening Standard published
a picture of Norman Sortier, the youngest competitor, in play at the British Boys'
Championship. He was just writing down a move on his pad, which gave rise to the
caption: 'He used a notebook to help him work out his moves.' (1004)
Language
In the January 198 1 BCM (page 4) G.H.Diggle wrote that Staunton 'would have
cut his throat before penning the hideous expression "grandmaster norm".' We seek
other examples oflinguistic barbarisms. One such is the remark about playing in several
'Swisses'. (271)
From page 248 of the January 1983 CHESS: 'England's players out-Elo'd their
opponents.'
W.H.Cozens writes:
'The verb to sac is with us; the participle sacing still gives one a jolt. ' (415)
The Crowood Press has produced two titles. Winning Endgames by Tony Kosten is a
rather slight work, parts of which are written in ahead-of-the-dictionaries English. Page
17: 'A lot of chess players are under the impression that pawn endings are trivial because
of the absence of other pieces.' Or page 1 1 7: 'White makes a trivial draw.' Page 56
talks of 'Black's hopes of a perpetual', a neologism which appears three times more on
pages 92-93. Page 69 has a sentence that could have been penned by Jon Speelman:
'Botvinnik was probably the finest protagonist of the white side of the Nimzo-Indian
ever.' The other Crowood Press book, Chess Openings by Mike Basman, is more
substantial and escapes from the treadmill that usually afflicts such beginners' works,
for Basman is good at giving original touches to routine matters. But at page 1 63 we all
but yelped in pain: 'The above diagram shows that Black is almost back rank mated . . .'
(1405)
From John Roycroft:

'/ should like to make a point arising out of C.N. 1405. My complaint about
ungrammatical English or poor style in new books by young British players is
directed more at the publisher than the author: don't publishers have standards
Gaffes 141
any more? However, I am less strict than you, for I would accept Tony Kosten's
unambiguous phraseologies as quoted if only they had been oral instead of
written. But why does the publisher allow young chess writers to get away with
careless oral speech when it isn't oral at all? Is it only we stick-in-the-muds (h'm
- not, I think, sticks-in-the-mud) who claim there is any difference?'
In C.N. 1405 we had 'back rank mated'; we now note on page 220 of the algebraic
edition of Keres' Practical Chess Endings (translated for Batsford by John Little
wood): 'White is himself zugzwanged after 1 .id4+ . . .' Next somebody will be
zwischenzuged.
In any discussion of linguistic barbarism the name of Jon Speelman rarely remains
in the background. Batsford have just issued a reprint of Reti's Masters of the Chess
Board (which, a silly blurb pretends, is 'the only collection of the best games of all the
world's leading pre-war players from Anderssen to Alekhine'). Speelman provides a
foreword, from which we quote the first paragraph in full:
'I was very pleased when Batsford asked me to write a new introduction to
this book, the more so since, as I freely admit, I have never read it before!
Of course, I knew of Masters of the Chess Board as one of the classics. But
there are so many chess books and chess tournaments nowadays . . . one
could, now, justifiably retort not nearly so much chess literature to which
genre (if such exists) this most definitely belongs.'
In Reti's day such gibberish as that last sentence would have been unmercifully
expunged by a member of the editorial staff.
Recent issues of the British Chess Federation's news flash have also been a eat's
concert. A sentence from the lead story ('Short Coasts Home in Iceland') in the 27
March 1987 issue illustrates how an outright factual inaccuracy can flow from
grammatical incapacity:
'Having won at least once against Kasparov recently (in the London
Docklands Speed Chess Challenge), only the Soviet trio of Yusupov,
Sokolov, and Karpov can realistically be considered competitors to Nigel in
becoming a genuine contender for Kasparov's title of World Champion. '
(1441)
Several recent C.N. paragraphs have referred to some unlovely words and turns of
phrase of the 1980s. It has been something of a surprise to come across this relatively old
one:
'The simultanee should keep an eye on the rate of progress of the single
player . . .'
Source: BCM, April 1943, page 74. (1494)
From page 66 of Playing to Win by James Plaskett:

'For the next half-dozen moves a cardinal consideration is the efficacy of
possible "sacs-back" on d5.' (1694)
Citations of chess neologisms are always welcomed, especially if readers can offer
first sightings. On page 1 0 of Modern Art ofA ttack by Ken Smith and John Hall (Chess
Digest, 1 988) we came across a word that was new to us:
'We witness a case of the player with an uncastleable King being attacked by
an opponent whose King had already forfeited its right to castle.' 3 (1868)
Five world champions
Harry Golombek's The Encyclopedia of Chess states that Nottingham, 1 936 is 'still the
only tournament to have included five past, present or future World Champions'.
Michael McDowell reacts as follows:
'Has no-one ever pointed out that the Alekhine Memorial, Moscow, 1971 and
the 41st USSR Championship, Moscow, 1973 both had the five champions
Smyslov, Tal, Petrosian, Spassky and Karpov participating?'
We can answer Mr McDowell on the Alekhine Memorial: indeed it has been pointed
out before, by Bill Hartston. And where was he writing? In Golombek's encyclopedia.4
(285)
Philistines
It is well known that many chess-obsessed writers turn out to be philistines with a
capital F. Examples are welcomed. From our recent reading Larry Evans must be the
current champion. Column 92 in The Chess Beat ascribes the quotation 'I think,
therefore I am' to Pascal. Possibly an understandable blunder in a hastily written
syndicated piece, but how could it have been allowed to remain in a collection of his
journalism? Perhaps he didn't think it mattered. (346)
Handicapped
From Sunnucks' Encyclopaedia (page 27):

'Throughout his career, Anderssen was handicapped both by his age and by
the lack of time for preparation due to his profession.'
To have spent his entire career being handicapped by age must have been a burden
indeed. (363)
Gaffes 143
Annotational gems
An addition to our 'chess as she is spoke' collection is Znosko-Borovsky's remark on

7 . . b5 in the game Capablanca-Reshevsky, Nottingham, 1936: 'A somewhat risky
.
continuation, but it appears quite safe.' Source: BCM, October 1 936, page 486.(401)
Horowitz philosophe
On page 24 of The Chess Beat Al Horowitz is quoted: 'Chess is a great game. No matter
how good one is, there is always somebody better. No matter how bad one is, there is
always somebody worse.'
What other game can match that? (402)
Unnecessary caution
A quote for filing in the department of unnecessary caution from Sunnucks'

Encyclopaedia, page 364:
'PHILIDOR: One of the greatest players of the eighteenth century.'
'The greatest by a mile' would have been a more worthy comment. (433)
Self-critical perspective
On page 1 50 of The Human Side of Chess Fred Reinfeld stated that Capablanca lacked
'any self-critical perspective'. Yet in A Primer ofChess Cap a annotates twelve of his best
games played between 1921 and 1 93 1 ; all are wins, yet he criticises his own play in
nearly every single game.5 (473)
Spelling
One might think that the Diccionario Encic/opedico Hispano-Americano (published at

the turn of the century) led the field in misspelling chess masters' names in view of
its references to those well-known exponents Saunton, Andersen, Morphi, Von de
Lassa and Saint Amande. Nonetheless that work is shown a clean pair of heels by
another Spanish reference set, the Enciclopedia Universal 1/ustrada, which informs us
of such great players as Filidor, Deschapelle, Olorwitz, Marocsy, Makoevetz, etc.
Some are mis-spelled twice; e.g. Charouseck/Charonsek and - our favourite - Pillsburg/
Pillisburg. Brun means little until one thinks of Amos; for Cocock, think of problems
and for Alarschall, presumably, swindles. (481)
All-rounder
Another extract from our notebooks under the heading 'The things they write':
'Fred Lazard ( 1 883- 1 949) [sic] the most all-around chessmaster of his
time . . .'
Source: Dictionary of Modern Chess by Byrne J. Horton, page 1 19.6 (512)
Anti-knights
Another indispensable entry in Horton's Dictionary of Modern Chess:

'HIPPOPHOBIA: A term sometimes applied to chess-players who dread the
presence of Knights on the chessboard . . . Chess-players who are afflicted
with hippophobia are known to take great risks so as to eliminate their
opponents' Knights.'
Horton names no names.
We also like the entry 'MIDSUMMER MADNESS': 'An expression used by the
editor of The Field when he referred to Steinitz's twentieth move (20 ... P-KN4) as
"midsummer madness". No further explanatory comment was given. The game was
played between Blackburne and Steinitz in a Vienna tournament.'
It is hard to know what to make of this drivel. But of course the whole affair is
devoid of importance, 'midsummer madness' being no more worth knowing than
'hippophobia'.
If our thinking is not too tortuous, Horton makes Sunnucks look like Murray. (530)
Beginners' chess
Some extracts from the "Popular" Handbook of Chess by 'Professor de Lyons Pike'
(circa 1902), which were quoted in the March 1903 BCM (pages 1 06- 108):
'The Rook . . . moves horizontally the entire length of the board, if the space is open.'
'Perpetual check is when the King can be placed in check at almost every move.'
'Stalemate is when one of the players has nothing left but his King.'
The Allgaier Gambit: 'It is not a safe opening, although, if successful, it will prove
a strong one.'
Gaffes 145
'The Scotch Gambit; or Queen's Pawn Two Opening . . . besides having the two
names given above, is also known as the Centre Gambit.' 7 (539)
Nearly top
Michael McDowell reminds us of the following from the introduction to the twenty
second round in the New York, 1924 book (presumably written by Helms):
'And so Alekhine remained undisputed third with a score that would have
made him the winner of the tournament, barring the presence of Dr Lasker
and Capablanca!'
There's no arguing with that. (546)
Another example of this theme, from page 4 of The Monte Carlo Tournament of 1903
by Emil Kemeny ( 1 860- 1925), which has been reprinted by Edition Olms:
'Had Dr Tarrasch scored 1 'l1 points less - as could have been very readily
the case - Mar6czy would have won the first prize, and the victory would
have been considered a fairly decisive one . . .' (623)
Golden blunder
A book with a large number of factual errors is 100 Classics of the Chessboard by
A.S.M.Dickins and H.Ebert (Pergamon Press). Pages 28-29 contain the most curious
blunder we have seen in a recent book. The co-authors wish to give the finish of
Marshall's 'Golden Game' (23 . . . l!fg3! !), played against Levitzky in the Breslau
tournament of 1 9 1 2.8 However, they claim this was actually the game Janowsky
Marshall, Biarritz, 1912, presumably confusing another spectacular queen move by
Marshall in the third match game against Janowsky, 1 2 . . . •xf3. The sad result of this
chaos is a pen-portrait of Janowsky, whose name should not even be mentioned, to say
nothing of calling Marshall 'F.G.' instead of 'F.J.', plus the fact that it is incorrectly
claimed the game went on to mate whereas in fact Janowsky, sorry - Levitzky . . . ,
resigned at once after seeing the queen move. Astonishing. (585)
London, 192 7
The BCM has produced a neat tournament book (exceptionally well illustrated with
photographs of the competitors and of their scoresheets - although in the case of the
latter it is not always made clear who was the writer) which has excellent annotations
from a wide variety of sources. The editor, Raymond Keene, has not managed to avoid
repeating the mistake made in A ron Nimzowitsch: A Reappraisal of stating that New
York, 1927 decided who was to challenge Capa for the World Championship. As is
well known, Alekhine's challenge had already been confirmed beforehand.
We were at a loss to understand a quote attributed to William Winter on page
65 of London, 1927: 'For my win over Nimzowitsch I am partly indebted to Amos
Burn. Before the tournament I happened to mention to him that Nimzowitsch was
playing a system, beginning with 1 b3 . . . The old master told me that in his younger
days he had played many games with the Rev. John Owen who regularly adopted this
opening . . . '
The trouble with all this is that Burn had died nearly two years before the London
tourney took place. (586)
Marshall World Champion
F.J.Marshall was, apparently, a champion of the world. The following comes from
Who Was Who in America 1943- 1950, page 347:
'Champion of the world in game of War, invented by Hudson Maxim� and
the same of Saltar.'
Information on these achievements will be gratefully received.
The Who Was Who does not always manage to be accurate, as this quote from the
1 897- 1942 volume shows (page 974):
'PILLSBURY . . . won world's championship at Hastings Internat. Chess
Congress, Eng. , Sept. 1 795.' (598)
An Alekhine slip
The game Alekhine-Zukierman,9 Paris, 1933 began 1 d4 d5 2 c4 e6 3 li:Jc3 li:Jf6 4 i.g5

i.e7 5 e3 li:Jbd7 6 li:Jf3 0-0 7 llc l b6 8 cxd5 exd5 9 i.b5 i.b7 10 0-0 a6 1 1 i.a4 c5?
1 2 i.xd7! . In My Best Games of Chess 1924-1937 (page 1 29) Alekhine gives this note
to his twelfth move: 'Much more exact than 1 2 dxc5 li:Jxc5 etc., with a playable game
for Black, as it happened in a game Capablanca-Teichmann in 1 9 1 3. If now 1 2 ...
1Wxd7 then 1 3 dxc5 bxc5 1 4 li:Ja4! with a decisive position advantage.'
However, Alekhine's claim to have improved on the Cuban's play is incorrect.
Capablanca-Teichmann had gone 1 1 . . . llc8 1 2 1We2 c5.
It would be unproductive to note slips in every old book, but it is worthwhile in
the case of the great classics. 1 0 (61 7)
Gaffes 147
Old Schlechter
A welcome addition to our 'the things they write' department. Annotating Alekhine
Schlechter, Carlsbad, 1 9 1 1 , in The Unknown A lekhine 1905-1914 Fred Reinfeld
concludes (page 1 20), 'For once, old age conquered youth.'
The victorious Schlechter was 37 at the time. (643)
Anti-Staunton
From Fred Reinfeld's preface to A Treasury of British Chess Masterpieces :

'There is no Staunton game - it takes too much time to find a game by him
which one can enjoy.' (686)
Annotating by result - or by name
Of all the traps confronting the chess writer that of 'annotating by result' is one of the
most formidable. So often it is implied that the winner did not put a foot wrong,
while the opponent was doomed from the start. Agonia de un Genio by Pablo Moran
has a curious example. On page 278 is the game Alekhine-Gallego, Gij6n, 1945, which
began: 1 e4 e5 2 �f3 �c6 3 i.b5 a6 4 i.a4 �f6 5 0-0 b5 6 i.b3 i.e7 7 d4. This last
move is awarded an exclamation mark, and there is a note saying that White takes
advantage of Black's divergence from the usual order of moves by playing d4 straight
away without losing time with lie 1 . However, the same position crops up on page 294,
except this time Alekhine is Black (against Medina, Sabadell, 1945). But now White's
7 d4 is criticised, 7 a4 being recommended. (In fact, although he won against
Gallego, Alekhine only drew with Medina.} 1 1 (704)
Blunder
Strolling peaceably through the Lachaga book Paris, 1924 we came to page 75 and a
game between Vajda and Tschepurnoff which began: 1 d4 c5 2 d5 d6 3 c4 e5 4 e4 f5
5 �c3 �f6 6 i.d3 g6 7 i.g5 h6 8 i.xf6 Wxf6 9 exf5 gxf5 1 0 Wh5+ 'irf7 1 1 Wh3 �a6.
Now the annotator - of all people Znosko-Borovsky - writes: ' 1 1 ... f4 would lead to
nothing. White would have replied 1 2 1!Vf3 or 12 g4, thereby obtaining a good place for
his knight at e4.'
But why not obtain a good place for his queen and win a piece (or two) at the
same time? (737)
The things they write
In Great American Chess-Players, II H.N.Pillsbury by P.Wenman (London, 1948)

the final comment to a consultation game on pages 1 06- 107 is:
'A chessy game of great interest all through.'
From page 56 of the June 1984 Chess Life there is this gem from Robert M. Snyder
following 1 e4 e5 2 lt!c3:
'So far the game has proceeded along the normal lines of the Vienna
Game.' (755)
C.N. 755 quoted a profundity by Robert M . Snyder. Here is another, from the May 1984
Chess Life (page 36):
1 e4 e5 2 lt!f3 f6? 'All has been normal up to here.' (789)
Lasker
We have just been re-reading Emanuel Lasker, The Life ofa Chess Master by J .Hannak,
'translated' into English by Heinrich Fraenkel, an unreliable work.
To justify our remark, we take as an example a single page (page 27):
a) misspelling 'concurrant'.
b) 'Samuel Hoffer, Chess Editor of The Field . . . ' Leopold would be correct. (Trans
lator's mistake.)
c) (At Amsterdam, 1 889, Lasker . . . ) 'lost the decisive game against the British
master Burn.' Not so. In fact, Lasker never lost to Burn.
d) 'For the first time in his life Lasker crossed the German border and got the thrill and
experience of being abroad in a foreign land.' (So much more thrilling than being
abroad at home . . . )
e) 'Nor was he to fare any better when, early in 1 890, he went to compete in a small
Austrian tournament at Graz.' 'Late in 1 890' would be more exact since the event took
place in September.
f) 'True, he didn't lose a game.' Untrue, he did.
Not bad for one page. (776)
Spanish carelessness
One need look no further than the game-headings in the four-volume translation
Herencia Ajedrecfstica de Alekhine:
Tinner-Alekhine, Podebrad, 1936; Bad Naugheim, 1937; Kebitz; Scheveninguen (a
dubious Spanish 'transliteration'?); Magret, 1 937; Match-Alekhine, Hamburg, 1930;
Gaffes 149
Alekhine-Seitz, Hastings 1926-27 (neither player was in that tourney); Alekhine-Seitz,

London, 1922 (Seitz was not there - Yates is meant); Brandley Beach, 1929; Apchenek;
Mogreb, 1938; Bradly-Beach.
But the best, and one that says it all, is on page 86 of the second volume:
Marco-Alekhine, Gaaga, 192 1 . (777)
Another rewrite
'Euwe gave up match play during the German occupation of the Low Countries, and in
the world championship in 1948 Euwe was badly defeated by Alekhine.'
Source: 1982 Britannica Book of the Year, page 1 07.
In fact, of course, Alekhine was badly defeated by life in 1 946. 1 2 (836)
Translating Fischer
For a really appalling translation, look at the French version of My 60 Memorable

Games (the 'edition corrigee'). It is flavourless and inaccurate:
'Once again, time-pressure had Sherwin burying his thumbs in his ears.' 'Une fois de
plus a court de temps, Sherwin ne veut rien entendre.'
'Alekhine said, in his prime, . . .' 'Alekhine disait, au debut de sa carriere . . .'
'A good last-ditch try.' 'Un excellent coup.'
'I was informed that Gligorich thought I had blundered a Pawn . . .' 'Je savais que
Gligoric pensait que je m'etais trompe . . . '
'Relieving the suspense.' 'Gardant le suspense.'
And so on. Culprit: Parviz M. Abolgassemi. (867)
Chess as she is wrote
From The Annual Obituary 1981 (a New York publication), page 207:
[Edward Lasker competed . . . ] 'against Alexander Alekhine in 1 9 1 3 at an
exhibition in Paris. Alekhine, who emerged the victor, described the game's
strategy as "the Vienna Game". The next year "Lasker Minor" played "Lasker
Major" at the international tournament in St Petersburg and the elder
champion won the match, retaining the world championship until he was
defeated in a famous battle with Capablanca in Havana in 192 1 .'
It is also revealed regarding Ed.Lasker: 'He witnessed the Bobby Fischer-Boris
Spassky matches in Helsinki in 1972.' (872)
Modernism
From Play the Tarrasch by L.Shamkovich and E.Schiller (Pergamon Press), page 1 :
'We consider the Modern period to have begun when Bronstein was born - in 1924.'
(875)
Illiterate
Hugh Myers writes to us in connection with The Literature of Chess by John Graham
(published by McFarland & Company, Inc., 1984):
'A t the end of his long andfavourable review of Horowitz's The World Chess
Championship: A History, 13 Graham says (about Horowitz): "I hope he pro
duces another book in a few years to continue the story to the present." Not
likely. ' 14
Among the scores of other errors in Graham's book is this passage on page 127:
'In 1936, at 68, he [Emanuel Lasker] played in the Nottingham tournament.
In the opening stages he led the field of the best in the world. However his age
eventually told and he finished in eighth place. This was hardly a poor
performance since four of the places above him were filled by world
champions of the future!'
In the next paragraph, Graham writes:
'His life ended in 1940, still playing chess, this time in the middle of a match
against his old rival Marshall, a match destined to remain unfinished.'
Lasker died in 194 1 . 15 (889)
Spot-check
As pointed out on page 232 of the Christmas 1984 issue of CHESS, a spot-check that
we made of sixty pre- 1945 references in Botsford Chess Openings showed factual errors
in no fewer than thirty-six.
For instance:
Page 1 4 1 : Three times Michell is incorrectly spelt Mitchell.
Page 1 64: Incorrect move in Reti-Capablanca; should be 14 ... llfd8.
Page 1 89: Three mistakes in one reference. For Berndtson read Berndtsson. For 1928
read 1927. And for the actual moves read 7 0-0 li:lc6 8 lWe i 0-0.
Page 295: 'Schlechter-Chigorin, 1 878' . Incorrect reference since Schlechter would have
been four at the time.
Page 297: Mar6czy-Marshall. White's 1 2th move was lle 1 , not lld l .
Gaffes 151
Page 309: For Fatirni read Fahrni.

Page 333: Reference to Fleissig-Mackenzie, Vienna, 1 882 is wrong (completely different
position after . . . �g3). 1 6 (945)
Regarding our spot-check of Botsford Chess Openings, most of the errors (but not all of
them) have been corrected in the '4th Revised Impression January 1986', and we receive
an acknowledgement from Raymond Keene in the book. And yet this new BCO is the
clearest possible proof that getting facts right is not uppermost in the minds of the
Batsford band.
In C.N. 945 we commented: 'Since doing the above spot-check, we have noted
roughly the same percentage of error for other such references in BCO.' An identical
point was made in our letter to Peter Kemmis Betty of Batsford dated 7 February 1985:
' . . . you may care to know that subsequent perusal of this unhappy book has
shown the same percentage of error. Naturally I should be prepared to pass
on details if approached by one of the authors, so that future editions may be
corrected.'
Our offer of a second list was never accepted, and we therefore assumed, with our
characteristic naivete, that the various authors had decided to undertake the necessary
correction work themselves. Will we never learn? The '4th Revised Impression January
1986' still has a profusion of deficiencies. To show the extent of the problem as clearly as
possible we shall take the references to just one great master, Alekhine. (We select him
for no better reason than that he is 'co-author' Kasparov's great hero.) Our spot-check
list included the following corrections:
Page 32: Euwe-Alekhine. For 13 . . . f6 read 13 . . . c6.
Page 4 1 : Alekhine-Tartakower. Black played 9 . . . �. not 9 . . . 't!ff7.
Page 95: Rubinstein-Alekhine. Vienna, 1922 was not an Olympiad.
Page 99: Alekhine's opponent was Michell, not Mitchell.
Page 1 67: Alekhine's opponent was Rey Ardid, not ' Ardid', and the game was played at
Saragossa, not 'Germany'.
Page 1 9 1 : Alekhine's opponent was E., not L., Steiner.
Page 223: Alekhine-Podgorny. Played in 1 943, not 1942.
Page 297: Bernstein-Alekhine. For 1934 read 1933.
But what about all the other examples of carelessness that could just as well have been
mentioned, and which still appear incorrectly in BCO (4th attempt)? For instance:
Page 47: Alekhine-Prins. Venue missing.
Page 73: For Alekhine's opponent read Kussman.
Page 80: Euwe-Alekhine, match 1 935. Two mistakes. 14 �e4 should read 14 �xeS and
Alekhine, not Euwe, was White.
Page 99: 'Rubinstein-Alekhine, 1924'. And yet we drew attention to this error in C.N.
9 1 7.
Page 143: 'Euwe-Alekhine, match 1937'. The moves in question did not occur in any of
the match games. Would it have been too much trouble to check in Alekhine's second
best games volume? That would have given the information that the moves were played
in the 1926-27 Euwe-Alekhine match. (It might also have been noted that Alekhine
gave 14 'Wa4 a '?'.)

Page 1 50: Rabinovich-Alekhine, Moscow, 1920. Omission of an acknowledgement to
Alekhine for analysis up to move 1 7.
Page 1 57: Lopez Esnaola-Alekhine. For 'Spain' read Vitoria. (Checking that in
Moran's book on Alekhine takes a few moments.)
That is one player. It is now the BCO co-authors' job to undertake a thorough
overhaul of references to everyone else before they presume to offer the public a 5th
Revised Impression. (1159)
La Ronde
From the back-cover blurb of the T.U.I. Openings Booklet The 2f4 Sicilian by Nigel
Davies:
'Considering that the move 2 f4 is an immediate way to sidestep the vast bulk
of normal Sicilian opening theory, it is remarkable that it has not been played
more. One explanation for this may be the surprising dearth of literature on
this variation.' (950)
Ireland
Colin McGuigan offers a couple of good'uns from David Spanier's Total Chess:
Page 72: 'One of the minor absurdities of FIDE is that while the Soviet Union has
only one vote, the British Isles have four! England, Scotland, Wales and the
Channel Islands.'
Page 73: 'The Soviet Union's own contribution . . . was to send players out to the
Third World, to give simuls and exhibitions and lectures. Taimanov . . . went to
Indonesia, Suetin to Nigeria, Kondratiev to Zimbabwe, Geller to Ireland and so
on.' (951)
Fine old mess
From Ed Tassinari:
'Regarding Reuben Fine's often total disregard for the facts:
Writing in Chess Review, October 1951, Chernev, citing Fine'sfalling victim
to Yudovich's opening trap in a Queen's Gambit Declined, noted that in MCO 6,
page 150, Fine somehow reversed colors, making it appear that he won the
game, whereas he actually lost it. (Moscow, 1937.)
Svetozar Gligoric (born I 923)
lark Taimanov (born 1 926) and Salo Flohr ( 1 908-1983)

Johannes Zukertort ( 1 842- 1 888) Jackson Whipps Showalter ( 1 860- 1 935)
Walter Penn Shipley (1860-1 942) Jacques Mieses ( 1 865-1 954)

-\lexey Troitzky ( 1 866-1 942) Dawid Janowsky ( 1 868- 1 927)
nenry Ernest Atkins ( 1 872- 1 955)

Frank James Marshall ( 1 877- 1 944) Akiba Rubinstein ( 1 882- 1 96 1 )
Rudolf Spielmann ( 1 883-1 942) Frederick Dewhurst Yates ( 1 884- 1 932)

Edward Lasker ( 1 885- 1 9 8 1 ) Ernst Griinfeld ( 1 893-1 962)
Richard Reti ( 1 889-1 929) Abraham Kupchik ( 1 892-1 970)

Edmond Lance! ( 1 888- 1 959)
Edgard Colle ( 1 897-1932) Max Euwe ( 1 901- 1 9 8 1 )

Gosta Stoltz ( 1 904- 1 963) and Klaus Junge ( 1 924- 1 945)
Gideon Stahlberg ( 1 908-1 967) Hugh (C.H. O'D.) Alexander ( 1 909-1974)

Andor Lilienthal (born 1 9 1 I ) Samuel Reshevsky ( 1 9 1 1 - 1 992)
St Petersburg, I 9 1 4
Gaffes 153
In Chess Life, May 1984, Larry Evans, writing about the endgame Teichmann
Blackburne, Berlin, 1897, notes that Fine, in Basic Chess Endings, stated that
the game was adjudicated a draw, but in reality Black won. (See also
Q&Q 4289.)
Fine, writing in Chess Review, May 1946, pages 12- 13 and analyzing
Kromer-Berliner, Washington, D. C., 1945, quotes a game in the notes,
Fridstein- Yudovich, Moscow, 1943, and breaks off after White's 19th move
stating, " White [i. e. Fridstein] won handily. " In fact, Black (Yudovich) won, in
twenty-nine moves. The entire game can be found in Coles' Dynamic Chess,
page 1 66. ' 1 7 (966)
The opposite
Can readers help us collect examples of writings which state the opposite of the
intended message? In the Preface to Becoming a Grandmaster Raymond Keene says
he would be pleased if his GM title did not help others involved in a similar quest.
(980)
Dispute
Tartakower wrote as follows in CHESS, May 1940, pages 1 88- 1 89:

'The conclusion of the tournament at Budapest in 1928, the one called the
" Siesta" tournament, was marked by a dispute. When the last round started,
Capablanca led, a point in front of Marshall. It became common knowledge
that his game with Vajda had been agreed a draw before a move had been
made, with the official consent of the tournament committee. Marshall
protested violently, on the grounds that this arrangement deprived him of
all chance of sharing in the second prize. The "chance" proved purely
theoretical (when he lost to L.Steiner so could not have caught up with
Capablanca in any case). Capablanca, moreover, had little reason to fear a
defeat at Dr Vajda's hands. Marshall, however, was badly put out by this
incident and took particular pains to inflict on Dr Vajda, the next time he
came up against him, a resounding defeat.'
Brief comments: a) Marshall won second prize; clearly, it was the first prize he was
eager to share. b) L.Steiner did not play at Budapest, 1928, though 'E.' and 'H.' did.
c) Marshall's resounding defeat of Vajda was in fact a 35-move draw at the 1 930
Hamburg Olympiad. (987)
American masters
Hugh Myers has been reading American Chess Masters from Morphy to Fischer by
Arthur Bisguier and Andrew Soltis (Macmillan, 1974) and quotes the following from
the Preface, regarding Hermann Helms:
'He played on the same Brooklyn Chess Club team as his good friend Harry
Pillsbury and once defeated Frank Marshall twice in a New York State
championship game.'
Our correspondent would like to know the Helms method for scoring two points
from one tournament game. (997)
Spelling
Also from Hugh Myers:

'I was looking up a game in Chess Digest's 1973 book of San Remo, 1930 and
I noticed that they correctly spelled the names ofsome oftheparticipants! Some
people might argue about Tartacover and having both Nimzovich andNimzovitch.
Not me. But it's remarkable to see Alekine (aren't Alekhine, Alekhin and
Aljechin enough to select from?), Bogolubov, Rubenstein (also Reubenstein),
A raisa (for Araiza), Montichelli (for Monticelli), Knoch (but that one's an
isolated typo) and Spielman. Is this a record for one tournament book (not
counting books published in Spain, which can be other-worldly)? The Chess
Digest book credits Mr Bob Mapes for proofreading and "final corrections".
I can't decide who deserves the most special recognition as a proofreader,
Mr Mapes or Mr David Daniels ofMC 0 1 2 (e.g. Pirc, Bareza and"Map Large"
-
for Max Lange). ' (1022)
Everybody knows
From page 73 of The English Chess Explosion by M.Chandler and R.Keene:

'No-one remembers Reshevsky's losses as an 1 1 -year-old, but everyone
knows it was at this age he beat the former World Championship Candidate,
Janowski.'
Everyone knows no such thing, for the simple reason that it is untrue. Reshevsky
was ten, as the book itself had stated earlier (page 35):
'Short's achievement was even more momentous than Capablanca's match
win against Corzo in Havana in 1900 when Capa was 1 2, and almost on a par
with the game won by 1 0 year old Reshevsky against the veteran GM
Gaffes 155
Janowsky in 1922.'
However, that reference is wrong on other matters. The match took place in 190 1 ,
not 1900, and Capa's age should read 13, not 1 2. Note too the slapdash inconsistency:
two different spellings, Janowski/Janowsky.
In The Times of 24 August 1985 we see Raymond Keene vaunting a scoop:
'Imagine my delight, then, at discovering the moves of a win by Alekhine
against another player of the very highest class, which has so far eluded
publication in any of the English language collections of Alekhine's games. lt
has been known for some time that Alekhine's lifetime score against Paul
Keres consisted of five wins, one loss and eight draws, yet one of Alekhine's
wins proved impossible to track down.
At last, the score of the game emerged from an obscure Estonian document
after a long search through the library of Bob Wade, the British Chess
Federation coach. This week, I present this lost game to readers . . .'
Before Mr Keene becomes even more carried away with his discovery, perhaps
we could point out that the Alekhine-Keres game score is given, with notes by
J.H.Blake, on page 483 of the October 1935 BCM. Finding it there took thirty seconds.
(1040)
Crass
One book we most certainly shall not be reviewing in full is Griienfe/d Defense, Russian
Variations by Eric Schiller, published by Chess Enterprises.
Griienfeld is the novel spelling on the front cover. The back cover and spine prefer
Gruenfeld. The Preface gives Griinfeld. The bibliography has Bruenfeld.
Ah yes, the bibliography, with its reference to the 1946 edition of Modern Chess
Openings by 'Griffith, P.C. & E. W.Sergeant'. P.C.Griffiths cannot be meant, since
in 1946 he was not writing, he was being born. Presumably Mr Schiller was not sure
whether the co-author was E.G.Sergeant or P.W.Sergeant, so he took one initial from
each . 1 8
All this, though, i s a mere antipasto, leading i n t o our tentative nomination for the
most crass couple of sentences of 1985:
'Dedication
To Harry Golombek, a friend and mentor, whose vast knowledge of chess,
arbitin, and foreign languages I hop to someday acquire. May my writing
retain its vitality as long as his has !'
As printed . . . (1054)
Vandalism
The following exchange of correspondence relates to the game Alekhine-Yates,

Carlsbad, 1923. On 30 January 1986 we wrote to the Editor of the APCT News
Bulletin :
'The thought-provoking discussion on historical documentation in your
January issue highlights a rather unpleasant little sentence to be found
elsewhere (page 3): "Rumor has it that after losing this game, Alekhine went
back to his hotel room and smashed the furniture."
Could you please state the source of this "information"? A contemporary
reference, naturally, and not a Horowitz or Reinfeld potboiler.'
This was published in the February issue of the American magazine, with the
following editorial reply:
'Mr Barre was quite circumspect in using the word "rumor" to characterize
that unpleasant little sentence. The actual quote appears in Reinfeld's
"potboiler" Great Brilliancy Prize Games of Chess [sic], Macmillan, 196 1 ,
page 1 28: "The story is told that one day after losing a game in the formidable
Carlsbad tournament of 1923, Alekhine went back to his hotel room and
smashed every stick of furniture. The following game may well be the one
that made him so rambunctious, for this defeat cost him clear first prize
in the tournament . . . " Mr Barre was not researching a dissertation; he was
simply relaying an interesting anecdote. Our British cousin does, I think,
protest too much . . .'
Our answer of 6 March 1986:
'It was disappointing to read your defence of unsubstantiated tittle-tattle
about Alekhine's alleged vandalism.
His loss to Yates was the second of three defeats at Carlsbad, 1923; Reinfeld
overlooked, as you have done in quoting him, that the game was played as
early as round seven out of seventeen. This automatically invalidates the
comment that Alekhine's loss "cost him clear first prize".
My earlier letter did try to warn you not to rely on Reinfeld.'
The incident, it will be recalled, is often 'rumoured' to have occurred after Alekhine's
loss to Spielmann. We much regret the APCT News Bulletin's willingness to damage
the great player's reputation without the remotest trace of evidence. (1129)
Open to doubt
From B.H.Wood's Daily Telegraph chess column of 8 March 1986:

' . . . you could go through any game by the legendary Paul Morphy and find
Gaffes 157
most of his moves from move six on were not quite the best he could have
made.' (1130)
Larry Evans
A remark by Larry Evans about Karpov on page 30 of the March 1986 Chess Life:
'He will go down in history as the man who avoided a match with Bobby
Fischer and then eluded him for the next ten years.'
This needs to be compared with what he wrote at the time Karpov became champion.
From Chess Life & Review, November 1975, page 760:
'Fischer refused to negotiate or compromise and his stubbornness is what
killed the match - nothing or nobody else. Despite "mathematical proof'
that his conditions were fairer than the old system, they were still not fair.
"Fair" means no advantage to either side. All the words in the world can't
obscure that simple fact.'
And in the December 1975 issue, page 8 13.
'Fischer was the best player. Seclusion has made him an unknown quantity.
Karpov deserves to be world cham pion, and the burden is now on Fischer to
prove otherwise. '
After quoting a tribute by Kasparov to Fischer, Evans comments in the March 1986
Chess Life that 'this generous spirit was alien to Karpov.' Incredible. Karpov too has
praised Fischer's role in popularising chess (e.g. in Chess Life, March 1983, page 1 1 ) and
even observed in My Best Games, page 1 0, that ' Fischer has been underestimated for a
long time, in my opinion.' 19 (1143)
On page 44 of the August 1986 Chess Life, Larry Evans writes:

'To set the record straight, some readers wondered how I could criticize both
Fischer's silly title conditions ( 10 wins, but the champion keeps his title in
case of a 9-9 tie) and Karpov's refusal to accept those demands (see CL,
March 1 986, page 30). What I actually wrote about Karpov was that "he will
go down in history as the man who avoided a match with Bobby Fischer and
then eluded him for the next ten years." Whether GM Karpov was right or
wrong, I believe that posterity will remember him mainly for ducking Fischer
- just as we remember Howard Staunton for ducking Morphy. Not once after
assuming the crown did Karpov make a conciliatory gesture to lure Fischer
back to chess. And, perhaps, such will be Karpov's epitaph.
History, after all, is a harsh mistress.'
Mr Evans, we fear, is tying himself up in knots. He believes Karpov was right not
to accept Fischer's 1975 conditions but also that Karpov will be remembered for
avoiding that match. And although in 1975 Mr Evans was saying that Fischer's
'stubbornness is what killed the match', and although on that very page 44 of the
August 1 986 Chess Life he states with reference to Fischer, 'you cannot force someone
to do something against his will,' he nonetheless criticises Karpov for failing to make
a conciliatory gesture. And because (according to Mr Evans) Karpov failed to make
a conciliatory gesture, that proves that Karpov ducked Fischer.
Between 1 866 and 1 884 (though beyond that date too) Steinitz was generally
considered to be the strongest active player in the world. During that period did he
make any attempt to entice the retired Morphy back into chess? We must hope to
goodness that he did, or else Larry Evans will next be on the warpath against Steinitz,
the man who ducked Morphy. (1192)
Confusing players
Ken Whyld writes:

'Soviet Chess by R. Wade. A few years ago in casual conversation with Wade
I asked him how much embarrassment had been caused to him by the printer
jumbling up what he had written about Boleslavsky and Bondarevsky and
putting them under one heading (page 1 71) "Isaac Bondarevsky". He looked
startled and said, "None". I could only conclude that the book had not had
the volume ofsales it surely merits, otherwise surely someone must havepicked
it up. ' (1148)
Another pair sometimes confused are Chajes and Jaffe; both were born in Russia but
became active in US circles around the second decade of this century. Even so, it was
rather much for Miguel Sanchez (page 239 of volume II of Capablanca, Leyenda y
Realidad) to write about 'Chaffes'. (1546)
Dubious arithmetic
An Answer to a Correspondent on page 2 1 5 of the May 1933 BCM:

'Best thanks for obtaining two new subscribers to the BCM. If everyone
helped as you have done we should soon double our circulation.' (1186)
A comment curiously similar to the one quoted in C.N. 1 1 86 appeared on page 1 1 of the
October 1947 CHESS. A reader enquired whether that magazine had passed the 10,000
circulation mark, and the Editor replied:
'No, we are still a few hundred short of that nice tidy figure - if every reader
would persuade one friend to enrol as a subscriber, we'd soon be hundreds
past it . .'. (1398)
Gaffes 159
Endgame play
Of Botvinnik: ' His endgame play probably netted him more points per game played
than anyone else.' Chess Gazette (insert to issue 42). (1196)
Folkestone
On pages 303-304 of Capablanca, Leyenda y Rea/idad volume two, Sanchez reports that
some of Capa's friends asked him for help in arranging to send a Cuban team to 'the
Tournament of Nations at Folkestone, in the United States'. There follows a page of
detail about how problems over Alekhine's blocking of Capa at Pasadena put a stop to
any Cuban presence in Folkestone, since the two competitions were being organized by
the same group. A splendid addition to our dubious geography file. (1202)
'Poor, maimed torso'
The Chess Tournament - London 1851 by Staunton has just been reprinted - superbly
by Batsford, as has Nimzowitsch's Chess Praxis. Mr Raymond Keene's willingness to
supply his company with a Foreword to the latter work is not readily comprehensible
when one recalls his words on page 4 of Aron Nimzowitsch: A Reappraisal:
'The English translation of My System is, by and large, very good and makes
a brave effort to capture the spirit of Nimzowitsch's original German, but,
unfortunately, the same cannot be said of the translation of Chess Praxis
which I find a poor, maimed torso of Nimzowitsch's original. If you have no
alternative read the translation by all means, but if you possess the merest
smattering of German I urge you to read the original. It is well worth the
effort.' (1231)
Koltanowski
The public will always love George Koltanowski, believing him to be one of Them
who has stayed one of Us. The 'International Wizard of Blindfold Chess' has delighted
by his regular displays, knight tours and indiscretions about the masters. Avuncular
and impish, he has apparently understood that the world will forgive an Accessible
Character almost anything.
There is indeed much for which forgiveness is required, but is Koltanowski aware
of the damage his having a good time has caused? To speak only of his writings, he
leaves behind a trail of howlers that even John Graham might envy. Anyone suspecting
this to be an exaggeration should read the piece on Klaus Junge on page 89 of the
February 1976 Chess Life & Review, together with its wholesale demolition by Paul
Schmidt on pages 2 1 2-2 1 3 of the April 1976 issue. This concluded, 'About the only
correct reference to Klaus Junge in Mr Koltanowski's article is to his chess genius . . .'
Among Sunny Kolti's errors was a claim that Junge was 'stabbed to death in a chess
club fight in 1942!' He actually died in combat in April 1 945, at the very end of the
Second World War.
'Everywhere, it seems, adventure and anecdote awaited me,' he writes on page 37 of
Adventures of a Chess Master, neglecting to add that some of the anecdotes lurked in
contradictory forms. An example is the ' First Flohr' yarn reported by him in a CHESS
article (see C.N. 887, page 1 2 1 above) as having been told to him by Lilienthal. But
on page 45 of his book With the Chess Masters (Falcon Publishers, 1 972) he relates that
Flohr himself was the speaker. The Koltanowski touch is equally at home with trivia
and tragedy.
A (relatively brief) selection of examples of general carelessness in With the Chess
Masters: Page 9: 'Mizowitch' at London, 1922?? Page 10: 'Giuco . . . Pianisimo'.
Pages 1 5- 1 6: The best part of two pages are devoted to a story of how L.Steiner cheated
against Colle at 'the Budapest International, 1 928'. Neither player was there. Page 48:
'Twice Tarrasch mounted a campaign to take the world title from Lasker - and twice
Lasker beat him badly.' When was the second time? Page 49: 'My first encounter with
Dr Tarrasch was in 1924 at the International Chess Tournament in Merano, Italy. I was
in my early teens.' Yet he was born in 1903. Page 54: He appears to believe Scotland is in
England. Pages 67-68: Another cheating anecdote, according to which Dyckhoff
pretended only to have drawn against John at Hanover, 1902, so that his close rival
Bernstein would not go for a win against Kagan. Yet Dyckhoff and John did only draw.
Page 80 and page 8 1 : 'R.F.Mitchell'. Presumably R.P.Michell. Page 90: 'James Cross'.
Rupert Cross would be correct. Page 92: for (Emanuel) Sapiro read Sapira. Page 1 00:
'Marotzy' (twice). Page 10 1 : ' Bekker' (twice). Page 1 0 1 : Flohr did not play at Carlsbad,
1929. Page 1 0 1 : ' . . . ahead of Reifir, Spielman, Astalosh and the younger Widmar'.
Read: a) Rejfif, b) Spielmann, c) Asztalos, d) Vidmar. Page 10 1 : Alekhine and Euwe
did not play at Moscow, 1935 (it is even said that there Menchik 'beat Euwe twice!').
Page 1 4 1 : RejfU has a wrong year of birth. And so on . . .
Chess Enterprises have just re-issued Adventures of a Chess Master, under the title
In the Dark, a fair description of Koltanowski's historical scholarship. (The earlier book
[page 1 0] gave the wrong year of birth for Blackburne, and Koltanowski has learned
nothing since 1955 to make him change it. ) Apart from very minor textual alterations
and two new chapters, In the Dark is little more than an algebraic version of Adventures
. . . , and even the 1955 Foreword with its opening words 'I first began to plan this
book twenty-five years ago' has, misleadingly, been left untouched.
Finally in this catalogue of censure, one may mention Koltanowski's insistence
(notably in chapter eleven of In the Dark) on publishing unprintworthy games, his
reference (page 1 89) to Morphy's famous opera game against the 'Duke of Brunswick
and the Count de Mongredien' and his deliverance of such divine prose as (page 1 79 ):
'By playing sharp I felt that I would get a great number of games over with before any
tired feeling would overtake me.' (1234)
Gaffes 161
Man Machine
W.D.Rubinstein draws our attention to a booklet published in Madras, Karpov's Best

Games by V.Ravi Kumar. An extract from the author's introduction, which is entitled
Karpov 'The Man Machine':
'He was awarded the Chess Oscar for his outstanding achievements in Chess.
A honour which he won many times in succession Karpov is a Solid
Positional Master but ifthe situation warrants he can glar himselfto a tactical
Genious. In the chapters that follows of his selected Games from 1980 to 1984
are annotated with my own notes for your entertainment.'
In that same piece Botvinnik is quoted as saying, 'Anatoly Karpov is unquestionably
the strongest chess player of the century.' Did he really ever make such a declaration?
It would seem hard to reconcile it with his other well-known observations on the top
masters past and present. (1243)
Blunder
In his Financial Times column of 30 August 1 986, Leonard Barden states that
this was the position after Black's 33rd move in Winter-Capablanca, Nottingham,
1936:
'Several readers spotted that 1 Q-R5ch wins a rook. Not a misprint -

Capablanca's previous move was R-K7 [from e4] and Alekhine makes no
comment in the tournament book. Thus a blunder by two world champions
is found some 50 years later.'
In fact, the tournament book inverted Black's 33rd and 34th moves - there was no
opportunity to win a rook. Play went 33 . . . t'£Jg7 34 '@xh7 lle2. (1252)
Footwear
From James J. Barrett:

' We all know that in his The Psychology of the Chess Player (page 38, Dover
edition), Reuben Fine speaks of Morphy a"anging a semicircle of women's
shoes in his room,· .. When asked why he liked to arrange the shoes in this way
he said: 'I like to look at them.' " As Lawson comments in his book, "the story
has grown. " An example: reviewing Cockburn's Idle Passion in Time (1 7
February 1 975) Brad Darrach wrote: .. Paul Morphy he [Cockburn] reminds
us, was a paranoid fetishist who . . . liked to stand ecstatically in a circle of
women's shoes . " I could cite other journalistic trash articles of the same ilk.
But what are the facts? I can state with authority that David Lawson, in all his
researches, could never trace any anecdote regarding Morphy and shoes any
earlier than the 1926 booklet by his niece Mrs Morphy- Voitier, where it was
stated clearly that Morphy arranged his own shoes in a semicircle in his
bedroom, and that when asked about it explained that in this way he could easily
select the pair he wished to wear. This leaves it up to Dr Fine to reveal his source
for his version of the anecdote.'
For the record we quote Cockburn's exact words on Morphy (page 1 6): 'At the age of
forty-seven he caught a chill and died - according to some accounts, in his bath,
surrounded by women's shoes.' And page 47: 'His voyeurism was gratified by the opera
and the business of the women's shoes.' (1271)
Different meaning
An example of how a lack of punctuation can alter the meaning:

' 1 946: Alekhine died giving FIDE the opportunity to seize control of the
world title.'
Source: Chess The Records by K.Whyld, page 9 (Guinness Books, 1986). (1285)
Non-existent match
A.Elo's The Rating of Chessplayers Past & Present (page 9 1 ) mentions a fourteen-game
Capablanca-Kostic match ( 19 1 5). No such match was ever played, and it would seem
that Elo was misled by the false information in Dr P.Feenstra Kuiper's Hundert Jahre
Schachzweikiimpfe (pages 76 and 84). If Elo's historical data are largely based on
Feenstra Kuiper many of his oft-quoted retro-gradings will be way out. (1302)
Gaffes 163
A mystification
From page 1 75 of Modern Chess Brilliancies by Larry Evans:

'. . . At Havana 1 952, one of my first great international tournaments, I
learned at first hand the full meaning ofTartakower's dictum that "you can't
win by resigning". The Dutch master Prins was a piece down against one of
the Cuban lesser lights, Quesada; his position was obviously hopeless, but he
insisted on adjourning the game. When I asked Prins why he didn't resign
immediately, he replied that anything can happen. Sure enough, his
opponent obliged the next day by dying of a heart attack. Such drastic
solutions to the problem of saving a lost game do not readily present
themselves. Nor does such a stubborn attitude endear a master to his
colleagues. ' (1312)
Lodewijk Prins writes:

'In C.N. 1312 a mystification is quotedfrom Modern Chess Brilliancies, page
1 75, by Larry Evans.
1) "The Dutch master Prins . . . insisted on adjourning the game" (with
J. Quesada, Havana, 1 952).
In fact I resigned after Quesada's 35th move, as confirmed in the Bulletin
by Jack Spence (number 39, published 1959/60, in a series of limited
editions), where the times read 1h. 10min. for White, 1h. 59min. for Black.
2) Mr Quesada played at least three more games, among which draws with
Pomar and Toran, thus casting doubt on Evans' claim of his dying "the next
day".
3) Evans' allegations about "drastic solutions to the problem of saving a lost
game" would seem to be a mere fabrication. Besides, Capablanca, Alekhine,
Euwe, to name a few, used to put up perfectly legitimate resistance when a
piece down, or more.
4) Which stamps Evans' "nor does such a stubborn attitude endear a master to
his colleagues" almost as defamation of character. ' 20
Rob Verhoeven sends us an extract from Jack Spence's book of the tournament,
which indicates that the Quesada-Prins game was played in the thirteenth round, on
9 March. We can add that according to page 40 of Palacio's Ajedrez en Cuba Quesada
died on 14 March 1952. (1385)
A Tartakower position
On pages 47-48 of Instant Chess Levy and O'Connell made a mess of a Tartakower
position (from his game against Lowcki at Jurata, 1937, although the co-authors did
not say so).
How interesting to find the self-same mess (down to virtually identical notes) on page
1 27 of Chernev and Reinfeld's The Fireside Book of Chess.
Examples of slavish copying are always welcome.21 (1357)
Not unique
On page 30 of Wonders and Curiosities of Chess Irving Chernev gives the queen odds
game Potter v Amateur (London, 1 8 70}, in which 'after only six moves were played,
Potter announced a forced mate in nine!' Chernev's closing assertion: 'Never before or
since has a mate been announced which is longer than the rest of the game itself!' See
also page 75 of The Fireside Book of Chess for a similar remark.
Yet on page 2 of The 1000 Best Short Games of Chess the same Irving Chernev gives
the score ofTaylor v Amateur (London, 1 862) in which, after Black's fifth move, 'White
announced a forced mate in eight moves.' The game is introduced as follows: 'The
announcement of a forced win always comes as a shock to the victim. It is doubly so
here, as the winning line of play is longer than the rest of the game itself! ' And on the
following page he publishes the Potter game too. (1371)
On page 220 of The Game of Chess (Penguin) Harry Golombek writes of Capablanca:
'In 1905 he beat Marshall by +8 -1 = 14; in 1 9 19 he beat Kostich 5-0; in 1 92 1
he won a world championship match against Lasker by +4 --0 = 1 4 and i n 1932
he beat Euwe by +2 -0 =8.'
a) for 1905 read 1909; b) for =14 in the Lasker match read = 1 0; c) for 1932 read 193 1 .
We pointed out this concentration of errors o n page 1 1 of the October 1976 CHESS,
but no corrections were made in the third edition of the book ( 1 980, reprinted 1986,
page 222). Nor is the right information given in the French translation of the book
(published by Payot).
The back cover of the latest Penguin edition says that since 1954 The Game of Chess
'has sold over a million copies and the text has been revised and updated'. (1406)
From page 1 55 of the February 1 907 issue of The Chess Amateur:

'Emanuel Lasker, who now particularly is attracting world-wide attention,
was born in Brussels in 1 869, and was first heard of as a public player in 1 8 89,
having, in that year, carried off first prizes in a tournament held at the
Kaiserhoff, in Berlin, without the loss of a game.'
No special effort is required to find four or five mistakes there. (1407)
Gaffes 165
Contradictions
On page 37 of the November 1953 CHESS Irving Chernev pointed out a self
contradiction by Reuben Fine:
Chess Review, February 194 1 , page 32: 'As a matter of fact, Alekhine has tried to
emphasize the psychological element far more than Lasker ever did, but without any
success as far as I can see . . . '
Chess Review, April 1946, page 19: 'Alekhine, not Lasker, was the outstanding
exponent of psychology in chess.'
This recalls another pair of Fine declarations, about Capablanca, to which we drew
attention in the October 1976 CHESS (page 10) and the December 1976 BCM (page
567):
The World's Great Chess Games (page 1 12): 'As far as style goes, there were three
Capablancas. The first was the boy who, like every aspiring youngster, thought of
brilliancies, attack at all cost.'
The Psychology of the Chess Player (page 5 1): 'He never seems to have gone through
the romantic attack-at-all-costs period which so many young players go through.'
(1424)
Another discrepancy
Hans-Georg Kleinhenz draws our attention to another discrepancy. In a paragraph on

Leipzig, 1 888 in Dreihundert Schachpartien Tarrasch wrote:
'In this tournament, I myself accomplished the task of finishing dead last
among the eight masters; I lost five games and won only two.'
In fact, Tarrasch's two points put him in seventh position. Minckwitz came eighth
and last with one and a half points. Our correspondent points out that this error has been
copied by, for instance, Brinckmann in Siegbert Tarrasch Lehrmeister der Schachwelt.
It cannot be often that a master claims to have done worse than was the case. (1524)
Quiz
The 19/26 December 1987 issue of The Spectator contained a chess history/trivia quiz
set by Raymond Keene. Of the thirty questions, under half could be called correct.
Some were pure fiction, others had more than one answer, and others still were sheer
speculation. John Roycroft has kindly authorised us to say that he has no quarrel with
this assessment.
We are most grateful to him; after all, Mr Roycroft was one of the three prize-
winners. (1568)
From behind
The opening sentence of a report by Raymond Keene on page 2 of The Times of 2 1

December 1987 claimed that Kasparov is 'the first player i n more than 7 5 years t o come
from behind to win the world chess championship'.
What about the title matches played in 1 927, 1935, 1937, 195 1 , 1954, 1957, 1963,
1969, 1972 and 1985? (1582)
Lapsus cerebri
From page 48 of Evans on Chess by Larry Evans:

'The "lapsus manus" variation derives its name from a slip of the hand made
by world champion Alexander Alekhine in defense of his title.
Alekhine v Euwe, 5th match game 1 935: 1 e4 e6 2 d4 d5 3 li'lc3 J.b4 4 li'le2!?
dxe4. Alekhine unintentionally moved his Knight, sacrificing a Pawn; but
it turned out to be playable after 5 a3, and a new line was born.'
In fact, the 'new line' was already familiar, not to say famous. Alekhine played 4 li'le2
in his celebrated miniature against Nimzowitsch at Bled, 1 93 1 - see page 94 of the
second volume of his best games. There is no reason to believe it was a slip of the hand
on either occasion.
Mr Evans is no doubt thinking of 1 e4 e6 2 d4 d5 3 li'lc3 J.b4 4 J.d2 (Alekhine-Flohr,
Nottingham, 1936), which Alekhine admitted, on page 1 7 ofthe tournament book, was
a 'lapsus manus'. (1598)
Translated?
On page 70 of Homenaje a Jose Raul Capablanca J.Gelabert writes:

'In my book G!f!rias del Tablero I wrote a biography of Capablanca which
has been translatedTnto almost every language and published in the countries
where he demonstrated his skill . ' . .
We are not aware of any translations at all. (1603)
Mix-up
From Ed Tassinari:
' Writing in The New York Times, 8May 1988, in a review ofthe musicalChess,
Gaffes 167
Harold Schonberg, referring to Vera Menchik, says the following:

"For some reason there has never been a great woman chess player.
There have been such talented ones as Vera Menchik, the Russian who
at one time or another had victories against the best - Capablanca,
Alekhine, and the other giants of the 1 930s - but she was never able to
win an international tournament."
Although the members of the " Vera Menchik Club" included any number of
notables, neither Capablanca nor Alekhine ever made the list. ' (1663)
From the same correspondent:

'On page 182 of the 1962 World Book Year Book (the annual supplement to
the World Book Encyclopedia and a review of the events of 1961), thefollowing
can be found, written by Theodore 0'Leary:
"Mikhail Botvinnik, 49 year old Russian engineer, recaptured his world
chess title at the international masters' tournament held in May in Bled,
Yugoslavia. Botvinnik defeated the 24 year old Mikhail Tal of Latvia,
who had snapped the Russian's 12 year victory streak the year before.
Runner-up at Bled was 1 8 year old Bobby Fischer . . . He also beat Tal
at the Bled matches, but came in second to Botvinnik because of draws
with lesser players." ' (1664)
In Robert Byrne's chess column on page 14 of the International Herald Tribune of

21 June 1 988 (a feature about Janowsky) there are three factual errors in half a sentence:
'His crushing failure - one victory, seven defeats, one* draw - in his 1909
world championship* match with Emmanuel* Lasker did not deter him from
raising the money for a second attempt the following year.'
The asterisks mark the mistakes. (1675)
Cacography
The magazine Gens una sumus, edited by Dimitrije Bjelica, first appeared after the
1986 Dubai Olympiad. Issue 2-3 is dated July 1987. The two issues contain a spectacular
historical article by D .B . entitled 'Kings of Chess' in which the reader is introduced
to such greats of the golden era as Blackbern, Dikon, Mongredijen, Grin, Anderson,
Berd (Henri Eduard), Blackburn, Zuckertot, Vinaver, Mekenzy, Golmaj , Martines,
Bahman, Janevski, Sesil de Vara, Andersen, Kolis, Levental, Harvik, Tarash, Pilsbery,
Lloyd, Zueckertot, Charusek, Frenk Marshal, Byrne, Gunsburg, Mizes, Minoti, Li,
Kiesericky, Cukertot, Mesona, Marocia, Marozi.
There is less fantasy with the modern masters, although the first issue does have an
article by 'Pol Banko, Granmster (USA)'.
Anyone wishing to subscribe should write, care of Exim Trade-Chess International,
8000 M iinchen 2, Schillerstrasse 1 7 , Germany, to Djmtrygxe Bgelzjc. (1695)
Quotation
The December 1 988 CHESS (page 36) published an advertisement soliciting subscrip
tions to Raymond Keene's English Chess Association. It featured a quote (about
the Association's good intentions) which was attributed to the 'Encyclopedia [sic]
Britannica'. CHESS readers will doubtless have been impressed that a reference work of
such stature has given recognition to the ECA.
The truth is rather different. The quoted words are not from the Encyclopaedia
Britannica at all, but from the 1988 Britannica Book of the Year (page 3 1 9). The writer
there? Raymond Keene. (1 765)
From an English Chess Association press release dated March/April 1989:

'It is heartening to write of the recognition accorded us by the Encyclopedia
Britannica, which states that the aim of the ECA is "to make chess as popular
as snooker and bring grass-roots players into closer contact with
Grandmasters and masters." '
This perpetuates the misrepresentation described in C.N. 1 765. The reference to the
'Encyclopedia Britannica' is an untruth and, in any case, the 'heartening . . . recognition'
was from the pen of none other than the founder of the Association. (1867)
All wrong
Page 425 of the September 1988 Scacco offers a quiz based on six Capablanca positions.
All six contain mistakes (wrong positions, players, dates, venues). O nce again it is the
dreaded lnformator book Encyclopaedia of Chess Middlegames that is behind the
disarray. See page 200 of the May 1985 BCM.22 (1 785)
Meeting Alekhine
The October 1988 issue of the South African magazine Chess in the RSA (pages 9- 1 2)
has a light interview with Frank Korostenski (born 1949). One question, 'Have you
ever met any great players?', received this reply:
'Let me think . . . in a way, nearly. When I was in Estoril, Portugal, I sought
Gaffes 169
out the grave of Alexander Alekhine. It was a hot afternoon the day of my
intended visit, and I was unaccountably delayed in a bar near the bus station,
where I was sampling some Bagazeiro - which is something like cane.
Realizing that the cemetery might be closing, I rushed out and grabbed a taxi.
But I was too late. In reply to my enquiry, the so-called "guardian of the
graveyard" confirmed that a chessplayer of some stature was buried there,
but no financial inducement would allow me access to his grave.'
Mr Korostenski was indeed 'too late'. Alekhine's remains had been removed to the
Montparnasse Cemetery, Paris, in the mid- 1950s. (1820)
Trivia
Chess Trivia by Peter Hotton and Herbert A . Kenny (Quinlan Press) is a series of
quizzes, the standard of which can be gauged from the following sample with our
comments in brackets:
Page 1 : 'What is the Udemann Code?' (A misprint for Uedemann Code.)
Page 3: 'What master once stood on his head between moves in a match? Nimzovitsch.'
Pages 4/ 1 3: 'What is a fingerfelter?' (A slip of the hand when typing Fingerfehler. )
Page 2 1 : 'What master once stood on his head between moves in a tournament?
Nimzovitsch.' (So, once in a match and once in a tournament.)
Page 28: 'What British champion conducts the chess column in the Manchester
Guardian? Leonard Bardon.' (The Manchester Guardian changed its name years ago,
but Barden has yet to change his. )
Page 96: 'What twentieth-century player was called the "crown prince of chess"?
Keres.' (Not Nimzowitsch, of course, whose match and tournament posture precluded
crowning. ) (1821)
Wrong tournament
Several books, including The Middle Years of Paul Keres, claim that a victory over
Czerniak (Caro-Kann, a win for White in 4 1 moves) was played in the Buenos Aires
Team Tournament of 1 939. In fact, it occurred in the last round of an all-play-all
tournament of the same year in the Argentine capital (see pages 79-8 1 of Czerniak's
book of the event). (1846)
Rook's Gambit Declined
Bob Meadley sends some extracts from a 1980 work of fiction, Provenance by Frank
McDonald. Our correspondent comments: 'It's a good read, but whenever one examines
1 70 Chess Explorations
descriptions such as this chess game andfinds fault, one begins to wonder if the author's
other descriptions are sound. '
For example, on pages 1 2- 1 3 : 'Weiller introduced a brilliant twist to the Wathier
Variation of the Rook's Gambit Declined and broke his defenses.' Also from page 1 3:
'The light from the fire reflected in his ruby episcopal ring as he moved his queen 's pawn
to knight-five.' (1912)
Dubious geography
It is a while since there have been additions to this file, but Frank Mur offers a good
one, from page 1 1 8 of Horowitz's From Morphy to Fischer:
' . . . Keres, who had become a Soviet citizen perforce when the Balkan States
were annexed in 1 940, . . .' (1919)
The British Chess Magazine
The BCM's love of speculation was demonstrated by this sample culled from a first
reading of the April 1989 issue:
'According to one source, Portisch announced . . .' 'Last year there was an
unconfirmed report that he was told . . . ' 'One version runs that . . . ' 'Since the
funds of the GMA are reported as quite low . . .' 'One report speaks of the
possibility that FIDE may be conceded . . . ' 'There is a persistent account in
master circles that . . . ' 'A recent German source claimed there was a strong
movement . . .' 'It is also said that the Polgars have . . .'
The same number has a 'Paris' item on the back page, regarding which we informed
the BCM editor:
'You report the publication of a new book, but do not give a) its actual title,
or b) its publisher, or c) its price. You then misspell the first name of Bouton
and write "Jean-Paul" instead of "Jean-Pierre" Mercier. There's an accent
missing on Liberation and you incorrectly claim that the book is "based on
the former's daily column . . . ", even though the final paragraph ofthe back
cover blurb clearly states that Bouton and Mercier do the columns jointly.
That adds up to an awful lot wrong in a seven-line item. All of these errors
of omission or commission, which I trust you will correct, were avoidable
without even opening the book.'23 (1926)
Chapter 6
Mysteries
The last throes
The Hungarian master Gyula Breyer ( 1 893- 192 1 ) is regularly quoted as saying/writing
that after 1 e4 White's game is in the last throes. Is this apocryphal? (9)
From a review of Modern Ideas in Chess by Reti in the BCM, September 1923, page 338,
written by P.W.Sergeant:
'On page 141 Breyer is quoted as saying that after 1 P-K4 "White's game is in
its last throes." But this is scarcely hyper-modern, for H .E .Atkins made a
similar joking remark to the present reviewer if his memory is not at fault,
twenty-five years ago.' (654)
D.J.Morgan wrote the following on page 200 of the June 1954 BCM:
'M.V.Anderson. We have looked further into the Breyer dictum. Reti, in his
Modern Ideas in Chess (English translation, London, 1923), makes a long
quotation from, he says, a booklet by Dr Tartakower: "and above all (as
Breyer preaches in one of his published treatises), 'After the first move
1 P-K4 White's game is in the last throes' . . . " We wrote to Dr Tartakower
and asked for particulars of the "published treatise". In a typically courteous
reply he says: "I am astonished that Reti quotes me in speaking of Breyer,
for it is precisely from Reti himself that I learnt all about his friend Breyer . . .
I do not know whether Breyer did publish a book . . . Breyer's (or perhaps
Reti's own) dictum was 'the initial position is a very difficult one to judge.' "
Any conclusions from this we leave to you.'
Curiously, when Anderson referred to this enquiry on page 8 of CHESS of 24 October
1959, he twice mistakenly wrote 'Bogolyubov' instead of Tartakower, concluding:
'The truth may be traceable from another remark in Reti's book; on page 1 22,
there is a diagram of a chess board with the pieces in position for the
commencement of a game, entitled, "A complicated position".
Reti says there that Breyer "in an article some years ago" (In the original
German editions of 1922 he has "vor einigen Jahren in ungarischer Sprache")
i.e., some years prior to 1922 Breyer wrote an article in a Hungarian maga
zine "to prove 1 P-Q4 better than 1 P-K4".
But there were plenty of players as far back as Staunton's time that had the
same view.
It can be concluded that Reti probably invented a dramatic statement from
a mythical "treatise" just to dub it absurd, and it now goes round the world
as the solemn belief of a man who probably never heard of it. Breyer died in
1921 before the first edition of Reti's book.'
In the 7 November 1 959 CHESS (page 42) A.Eccles pointed out that Reti had
referred to Tartakower and not Bogoljubow, and said that Reti's concluding quotation
' Credo quia absurdum' does not mean 'which is absurd' but 'I believe this because it is
impossible'. We do not see any subsequent correspondence on the subject in CHESS.
Mysteries 1 73
Strangely, nobody seems to have turned to Tartakower's 'booklet', Am Baum der

Schacherkenntnis, 1 to check what he wrote. Page 1 6 has the passage quoted by Reti (and
quoted with a few small changes). The Latin phrase is there; A.Eccles was clearly
misled by the English edition's faulty use of quotation marks into thinking that it was
Reti rather than Tartakower who had picked the expression.
Tartakower's final paragraph reads:
'The apparently unmasked idols of the old school are overturned; the
favourite openings appear to be refuted: the Four Knights' Game, childish;
the Ruy Lopez, ineffectual; the Queen's Gambit, compromising; and in any
case (thus preaches the Grand Cophta Breyer in a treatise published by him)
White would be in the last throes already after the first move! Credo, quia
absurdumr
In his reference to Breyer, Tartakower uses the word Abhandlung, which may mean
'treatise' either in the sense of article or book. (1549)
The Laskers
Was Edward Lasker related to Emanuel Lasker? The answer is yes, according to Lasker
& His Contemporaries No. 3, which quotes (page 1 19) a letter from Edward L. dated
8 February 1973 to the magazine's editor, Robert B. Long:
'The genealogy, incidentally, indicates that the common forbear of Emanuel
and myself was the son Samuel Lasker of the Rabbi of the Polish village Lask,
whose name was originally Meier Hindels. However, later the additional
name Lasker was given to him to distinguish him from another Meier Hindels
also living in Lask. Samuel Lasker moved to another Polish village, Kepno,
in 1 769, after it had been captured by Frederick the Great and became a
German township, and I am the last descendant of his who was born there.
He was the greatgrandfather of my greatgrandfather. His first-born son left
Kepmen [sic - Kempen] and moved to Jarotschin, another Polish village, and
Emanuel Lasker was that one's greatgrandson.' (10)
Did they consult?
The consultation game Janowsky and Soldatenkov versus Lasker and Taubenhaus,
Paris, 1909, is now known to be spurious, having been played, as Ken Whyld points
out, by Soldatenkov and Durnovo many years before. It was published in Shakhmatny
Zhurnal, 1 898 and the BCM, 1900. That ought to be the end of the matter, except that
the consultation game version was printed in the Illustrated London News on 27
February 1909 with this introduction: 'The following game is taken from Dr Lasker's
own chess column. As we read his letter it was between Messrs Soldatenkov and
Janowsky on the one side and Messrs Lasker and Taubenhaus on the other.' Did
Lasker really give the game in his own column? How is the discrepancy to be explained?
(22)
Thanks to the Shipley scrapbooks2 we can now answer the question posed in C.N. 22
('Did Lasker really give the game in his own column?'). Yes. Volume 'A' page 1 62 has
a cutting (unidentified but undoubtedly written by Lasker) which begins as follows:
'A game by consultation was also arranged. M. Soldatencow, a Russian
nobleman, attached to the embassy at Rome, wished to consult with
Janowsky against myself and Taubenhaus. M. Soldatencow is a player of no
mean skill. Here is one of the games, in which he won by a pretty
combination.'
There then follows the now-infamous Danish Gambit game.
To summarise, it would seem therefore that the 'spurious' game was indeed played.
It is, of course, inconceivable that Lasker would falsely claim to have lost a game.
A few minor points could still do with clarification:
a) the date. ' 1909' has always been given, but, if we are correctly reading a handwritten
note in the scrapbook, the article in question by Lasker appeared on 2 December 1908.
b) the venue. Lasker does not specify Paris or anywhere else, at least not in the 'clipped'
clip preserved by Shipley.
c) the conditions. The Lasker quote above implies that ' Soldatencow', more than
Janowsky, conducted the white pieces, and this is reinforced by the game heading,
which does not mention Janowsky at all (or Lasker or Taubenhaus - only 'Solda
tencow').
d) the source. Are we correct in guessing that the column is from the New York Evening
Post of 2 December 1908? (774)
Page 260 of the June 1 909 BCM quotes from The Field (date not given):
'LASKER V JANOWSKY. Janowsky informs us of the historical point of
the match. When Dr Lasker was in Paris, in January, a consultation game
was arranged between him and Janowsky, a good game resulting in a draw.
In consequence of this game M. Nardus asked Dr Lasker under what
conditions he would play a championship match with Janowsky. Lasker
replied that his terms have been published - viz., a prize of 5,000 fr. or a stake
of 10,000 fr. M. Nardus accepting the terms, Dr Lasker quickly added that
the match could only be played two years hence. Deux ans c'est beaucoup dans
Ia vie d'un homme, exclaims Janowsky. M. Nardus therefore arranged this
short match of four games in the meantime.'
This is relevant to two matters that have been discussed in C.N. on a number of
occasions:
a) It is further evidence (as if it were needed) that the ten-game contest played in October
1909 was not for the World Championship. A title match was held more or less exactly
when Lasker insisted: November and December 1 9 10 (i.e. two years laterV
b) The Janowsky and Soldatenkov v Lasker and Taubenhaus consultation game (C.N .s
Mysteries 1 75
22 and 774). In the latter item we wrote, 'it would seem therefore that the "spurious"
game was indeed played,' but the above BCM-Fie/d quote dents our confidence. If
Janowsky and Soldatenkov had scored a win and a draw why would Janowsky have
mentioned to The Field only the draw? (1369)
The affair of the Soldatenkov game (published, for example, on page 504 of the Dec
ember 1900 BCM) that was later ( 1 908/1 909) stated to have involved Lasker and
Janowsky continues to prove unfathomable. We now note that the score appears on
page 77 of the March-April 1933 issue of Les Cahiers de /'Echiquier Fran9ais as
Soldatenkov v Sabourow, St Petersburg, 1909. The magazine states that the game's
attribution to Janowsky/Soldatenkov v Lasker/Taubenhaus is a frequent but
inexplicable error.
When it was given in the 1900 BCM, Black was identified as M. Dournovo, and the
source (of which we should like to see a copy) was Ceske Listy Sachove. (1486)
From Jack O'Keefe:

'Lasker's column in the "semi-weekly" edition of the New York Evening Post
appeared on Thursday and Saturday; the Saturday column was repeated
without change on the following Monday. Three columns have a bearing on the
Soldatenkov "consultation game" versus Lasker.
The first, and most important, is the column of Saturday 30 January (and 1
February) 1909. Datelined "Paris, Jan. 5", it deals with simuls by Lasker in
Amsterdam, Utrecht, Groningen and Haarlem, and his subsequent trip to Paris.
Lasker's observations were not confined to the chess board:
"The women that one sees in the streets and restaurants are far from
being pretty, with rare exceptions. But they dress with style, their
conversation is lively, and they show an evident desire to please.
Woman is the topic at all Parisian shows, which becomes a little
monotonous after awhile. "
Lasker next describes a visit to the Cafe de Ia Regence, where a simul was
arranged. Then comes the crucial paragraph:
"A game by consultation was also arranged. M. Soldatencow, a Russian
nobleman, attached to the embassy at Rome, wished to consult with
Janowsky and myself and Taubenhaus. M. Soldatencow is a player of
no mean skill. Here is one of the games, in which he won by a pretty
combination.
White
M.Soldatencow"
The moves of the Danish Gambit gamefollow. Note that the reader is not told
1) who played Black, 2) the date and place of the game, and 3) any consultation
partner of Soldatenkov.
The column for Thursday 4 February contains the game Lasker/Taubenhaus
versus Janowsky/Soldatencow. It is a Ruy Lopez, as given in Volume 3 of
Why/d's Emanuel Lasker, but without the repetition ofmoves on 18 and 19, and
ending with 27 (29) PxKt and "After a few more moves the game was aban
doned for adjudication , each side having queen and four pawns, with no
evident advantage for either party."
Finally, in his column of 13 (and 15) February, Lasker says ofthe consultation
team Janowsky/So/datenkov: " One of their games was published in this
column a few weeks ago." [Emphasis mine.]
I believe that the evidence of these columns, combined with Janowsky's
failure to boast of a win over Lasker (as mentioned in C.N. 1369), proves that
only one game - the Ruy Lopez - was played between Lasker/Taubenhaus and
Janowsky/Soldatenkov.
How did the misunderstanding arise? I suggest that it is a combination of
1) the poor typesetting at the head of the Danish Gambit game, which gave the
reader no information except that Soldatenkov played White, 2) Lasker's
somewhat awkward phrasing ("Here is one ofthe games . . . " instead of "Here is
one ofhis games, in which he won by a pretty combination. "), and 3) thefailure
of magazines that reprinted the game to heed the caveat of the Illustrated
London News: "As we read his letter it was between Messrs Soldatenkov and
Janowsky on the one side and Messrs Lasker and Taubenhaus on the other"
(C.N. 22). [Again, emphasis mine.]' (1579)
What really happened?
In The 'British Chess Magazine' Chess Annual for 1 9 1 6, edited by I.M.Brown (initials,
not his status . . . ) there is the game A .Evenssohn-A.Alekhine played at Kiev on
30 May 1 9 1 6 (pages 1 10- 1 1 1 ). After Black's 40th move ( . . . '@b6-e3) the position was:
The game now continued: 41 llal i.c7 42 "a2 llxal 43 "xal and White had to
resign after five more moves. A note ('adapted from the winner's in the Novoe Vremya')
after Black's 4 1 st move reads: 'There was a simpler win with 41 ... llxal 42 'ifxal 'ife2
Mysteries 1 77
43 l:tg 1 l:td 1 44 1Va8+ �g7 45 1Va7+ Wg6, etc.' Yet in My Best Games of Chess 1908-
1923 this hypothetical variation has become the actual game continuation. It is no secret
that Alekhine occasionally tampered with game scores, to 'improve' them for immor
tality, although we cannot recall having seen the Evenssohn discrepancy pointed out
before. If we have indeed discovered a fresh example of Alekhine's dishonesty, it is
with the deepest regret.4 (24)
Speaking from beyond
An odd, and unresolved, mystery arises from page 5 1 of the November 1975 edition
of CHESS. E.A.Apps was presenting some (inconclusive) research on the Lasker
Schlechter controversy (did Schlechter need to win the 1910 World Championship
match by two clear points in order to gain the title?)-5 He mentioned a number of
eye witnesses who supported the 'one-point theory' and these included Dr Perlis:
'Dr Perlis was one of Schlechter's closest friends and obtained a higher score
than Schlechter in the 1909 St Petersburg tournament. In 19 14, and again
in 1920, Dr Perlis published that he was profoundly convinced that . . .'
'Schlechter does not seem to have taken part in the argument, but some
believe that he inspired his friend Dr Perlis to put these statements out.'
If he did, then it was the inspiration of the century. Dr Perlis had died, from a
mountaineering accident, in September 1913. (39)
A mystery player
I n 1 9 1 0 Frank J. Marshall won, by +2 - 1 =2, a match in New York against somebody

called Taft. Taft is not listed in Gaige's catalogue, nor is the match itself mentioned
in Marshall's record or autobiography. Here is Taft's win, taken from pages 1 66- 167
of The Year-Book of Chess, 1911, edited by E.A.Michell (London, 1 9 1 1). The notes
are abbreviated from those of Hoffer that appeared in The Field.
J.H.Taft-F.J.Marshall, New York, 19 10. Two Knights' Defence.
1 e4 e5 2 lt!f3 lt!c6 3 .tc4 lt!f6 4 d3 (With becoming modesty, this being Mr Taft's
maiden effort against a master, he adopts a Giuoco Piano variation.) 4 ... d5 (Marshall,
unlike other masters, is not animated by the same sentiments as his opponent, and
indulges in an inferior continuation. 4 . . . .ic5 is the right move.) 5 exd5 lt!xd5 6 lt!c3
.ib4 7 .id2 lt!b6 8 .ib5 0-0 9 .txc6 bxc6 10 0-0 .ig4 (There is no reason why 10 ... f6
should not be played now.) 11 h3 .ih5 12 g4 .ig6 13 lt!xe5 '@h4 14 Wg2 f5 15 ltlxg6 hxg6
16 f4 l:tae8 17 g5 l:te6 18 l:te1 (Sound style, and the continuation as well. He discards
the tempting 1 8 .te l 'ifh7; which might lead to complications. As played Black has no
chance whatever.) 18 ... l:tfe8 19 l:txe6 l:txe6 20 1ff3 lt!d5 21 'i¥(2 'ifxf2+ 22 �xf2
.icS+ 23 <M3 �e3 24 �a4 .ib6 25 llcl �dS 26 llel llxe1 27 .ixe1 .ig1 28 c4
�e7 29 RJ2 .ixfl 30 'it>xfl <M7 31 �cS 'it>e8 32 'it>e3 �c8 33 lDe6 'it>d7 34 �f8+
(Mr Taft did not fall into the trap of 34 �xg7, as the Knight would have no retreat.)
34 ... 'i!;>d6 35 �xg6 'it>cS 36 �eS �e7 37 d4+ 'it>b4 38 'it>d3 aS 39 �c2 cS 40 a3+ 'it>a4
41 �d7 Resigns. (Black was lured nicely into a mating net from which there is no
escape. Mr Taft seems a promising player. His style is sound. ) 6 (64)
Lasker back to front
Michael McDowell writes that in the book of the 1924 New York tournament Emanuel
Lasker is pictured pondering the position below. It appears to be a White to play and
win study. Can any reader provide information about the study, or indeed about the
photograph? ( ' The diagram has been reversed from the photo as otherwise the eminent
doctor has set up his board incorrectly. ' )
White to play and win.
Solution: 1 llg8 llxg8 2 llh8 llxh8 3 g7 llg8 (or 3 ... llf8) 4 h7 and wins.
Who composed this neat ending? (145)
Michael Squires reminds us that the same Lasker photograph is on the front cover
of the 1960 Dover edition of Lasker's Manual ofChess, again inverted. However, it
was presented correctly when repeated opposite the title page. (187)
Not bust
The following game is taken from The Year-Book of Chess, 1914, edited by M. W .Stevens,
page 297:
Mysteries 1 79
Schuster-C.Carls, Oldenburg Congress, 1 9 1 3?. Caro-Kann Defence.

1 e4 c6 2 d4 dS 3 llJc3 dxe4 4 llJxe4 llJf6 S llJg3 hS 6 .igS h4 7 .txf6 hxg3 8 .ieS llxh2
9 llxh2 'tWaS+ 10 c3 @xeS+ 1 1 dxeS gxh2 12 Resigns.
A remarkable little game. C.Carls we know, but who was his opponent? (237)
Ken Whyld tells us that Schuster participated in all three of the pre-war Oldenburg
East Friesland congresses. His game against Carls was played in the third congress in
1 9 1 4 according to Deutsches Wochenschach, 10 May 19 14, pages 1 67- 168. So was the
Year-Book's ' 1 9 1 3' a mistake? (293)
From W.H.Cozens:
'This famous old combination . . . is unsound. White has only to play 10 @d2!
(instead of 10 c3) and the combination is bust, for after 10 . . . !¥xe5+ 1 1 dxe5
gxh2 12 0-0-0 llJd7 13 llJh3 hi=@ 14 e6 fxe6 15 .ie2 'fi'xg2 16 .th5+ �d8
1 7 llJf4 White wins quickly. 12 . . . .td7 also loses. Black would have to play
(after 10 @d2) . . . 't!¥xd2+ 1 1 �xd2 gxh2 12 .ixh2 .tf5 with equality. This was
pointed out by G.Porreca in L'ltalia Scacchistica in 1953. ' (41 7)
The September 1 983 issue of Schacknytt has two pages of pickings from C.N. , and
the writer, Sixten Johansson, gives a further twist to the Schuster-Cads combination,
which was declared unsound in C.N. 4 1 7 on account of 10 'tl¥d2. The simple yet curiously
unobvious point is that White loses his queen after 1 0 . . . gxf2+. We learn that E.Book
published the 'refutation' of Carls' combination in his chess column that appeared in a
Finnish railwaymen's magazine, having taken the refutation from Shakhmaty v SSSR
in 1 964. Some weeks later a correspondent from Lieksa pointed out 1 0 Wd2 gxf2+,
previously overlooked by everybody. Book mentions that Kurt Richter in Deutsche
Schachbliitter, 1936, and H.J. van Donk in Schakend Nederland, 1966, also wrongly
claimed that the Carls brilliancy was 'bust'. (619)
200 Miniature Games of Chess (pages 1 83 - 1 84) by du Mont gives this game with the
closing comment: 'Curiously enough, the identical game was played in an off-hand
encounter won by Torre in Mexico 1 5 years later.' See also page 1 1 2 of R.N.Coles'
The Chess-player's Week-end Book. 7 (788)
Capa and billiards
An interesting article appears in the October 1982 issue of the Yugoslav magazine
Sahovski Glasnik (pages 363-364).
We learn that after the London Rules for World Championship challenges had been
agreed in 1922, Capablanca went to Monte Carlo 'to relax'. Also there at that time was
Erich Hagenlocher, a German from Stuttgart who in the 1920s was the unchallenged
billiards champion of all cafes and casinos in Europe. Since each of the champions
could play the other's game, somebody had the idea of a contest between them. Billiards
came first, with a match for the first to reach 1 00 'Karambols' (forgive our lack of
billiards terminology) with Capa given a start of 75 and the right to play first. The
Cuban in fact reached 94, but then Hagenlocher struck back with a run of 23, thereby
gaining victory by 1 00 to 94.
So on to chess. One game was played, with Capa giving the odds of his queen's
rook:
J.R.Capablanca-E.Hagenlocher, Monte Carlo, 1922.
Remove White's queen's rook.
1 e4 e5 2 i0c3 i.c5 3 f4 exf4 4 d4 i.b4 5 i.xf4 i.xc3+ 6 bxc3 d5 7 e5 i.e6 8 i.d3
i0e7 9 i.g5 h6 10 i.h4 0-0 1 1 @h5 c6 12 i0f3 @"d7 13 h3 i0f5 14 g4 g6 (Now comes an
appealing finish. ) 15 gxf5 gxh5 16 llg1 + �8 17 i.f6+ <Ml7 18 fxe6 mate.
And so it was that the first , and no doubt last, chess-billiards double-bill ended in a
1-1 draw. (318)
We hasten to invite readers to draw a thick red line across C.N. 3 1 8 . It now appears that
Capablanca never played any such chess-billiards match.
Gunter MUller has sent us a considerable amount of information, based on the
writings of Hans KlUver, that indicates that the Capablanca-Hagenlocher episode is
pure fiction. Apparently Die Welt published the story as a joke towards the end of the
1950s. As often happens, a subsequent correction/confession was ignored and the
account was republished elsewhere in German sources (Mr KlUver gives chapter and
verse). Sahovski Glasnik, our source, may have picked it up from one of the German
versions.
We learn that the original version of the hoax had it that the game was played on
3 1 December 1922. There are some discrepancies over the billiards, with the German
versions saying that the run of 23 that H agenlocher achieved brought him up to 92,
and that it was Capa who won, by 1 00-92. Information on Hagenlocher would be
welcomed - did he exist? The chess game itself, our German colleagues tell us, was
actually played by H offer at the turn of the century. Presumably it was an off-hand
game - can anyone identify the occasion?
Such hoaxes in chess history must be very rare. (368)
David Hooper writes:

'After giving six simuls in England in October 1922, Capa left for the USA,
arriving there on 12 November 1922, staying about five weeks, and then going
home to Cuba for Christmas. . . Capa often left the USA to arrive in Cuba on
Christmas Eve. He could hardly have been in Monte Carlo on 31 December.
Ifpeople are going to fake things they should at least get knownfacts correct,
so that the event is plausible. Contrary to your view, I am of the opinion that
many games are faked. '
In defence of our own original publication of the hoax, may we point out that our
source, the Yugoslav magazine, made no mention of 3 1 December 1922, but merely
stated vaguely that Capa went to Monte Carlo after the London tournament - which
was quite plausible.
Mysteries 181
W.R. Hartston sends the following:

'There's an interesting postscript to your Nos. 318 and 368 which makes it all
the sadder that the story wasn't authentic. During the Phillips & Drew tourna
ment in London, 1982, attempts were made to arrange a snooker/chess match
between Karpov and Steve Davis. Only the fact that no date could befound on
which both gentlemen were free prevented thisfrom taking place. Each is very
keen on the other man's game, and serious efforts were made to arrange a
meeting (mainly for publicity purposes, of course).' 8 (440)
Ken Whyld has found the Capablanca-'Hagenlocher' story and game on page 66 ofthe
December 1 9 5 1 Deutsche Schachzeitung, the source being given as H.Kluver's Die Welt
column. This means that our correspondent Gunter Muller was wrong in C.N. 368
to speak of 'the end of the 1950s'. The next stage is to find out exactly when Die Welt
published the hoax, and when, if ever, it owned up. In late 195 1 , presumably. Can one
of our German readers do some hunting? (1425)
Hans-Georg Kleinhenz answers C.N. 1425. A collection of Hans Kluver's columns

was published under the title Faschingsschach der Welt (Siegfried Engelhardt Verlag,
Berlin-Frohnau, 1963). This book (pages 14- 15) indicates that the original hoax
(with the game score given in C.N. 3 1 8) appeared in Die Welt on 30 December 1950.
A retraction was published in Kluver's column of 20 January 195 1 .
There remain a couple of loose ends:
a) Kluver states that the game was actually won by Hoffer at the turn of the century (see
C.N. 368). Can anyone find its original publication?
b) Did the billiards world have a Hagenlocher? (Incidentally, our initial source of the
story, Sahovski Glasnik, said his forename was Erich. We note that Kluver gives
Gustav.) (1502)
Jack O'Keefe writes:

'There are numerous references to Hagenlacher in The New York Times of
1925- 1927. The name is always spelled "Hagenlacher", though thefirst name is
occasionally given as "Eric" rather than the correct "Erich".
Some references are: 1926: 13 March, page 13:3, for a summary of
Hagenlacher's career up to that point; 1925: 4 December, page 28, where the
headlines of adjoining columns are "Hagenlacher Balks at Billiard Deal" and
"Bogo/jubow Wins Again at Moscow"; and 1927: 23 September, page 25:2,
where one can read about Hagenlacher's exhibition match versus Willie Hoppe,
then turn to nearby pages for accounts of Tunney-Dempsey or Capablanca
Alekhine (Match: Game 3).
According to The New York Times, Erich Hagenlacher was born in Stuttgart,
Germany, on 25 July 1895. He won the World Championship at 18. 2 balkline
billiards by defeating Jake Schaefer in March 1926, and lost the title to Willie
Hoppe in January 1927. ' (1578)
Congratulations to Jack O'Keefe, who has discovered that the fake Capablanca-
Hagenlacher game was Hoffer-St. . . . 'played a fortnight ago at Simpson's Divan' (The
Chess Monthly, May 1 880, page 276). Ellis' Chess Sparks (page 86) gives the date as
April 1 880.
Slowly but surely all the key facts about this matter now seem to have come out.9
(1837)
A Spielmann quote ?
On page 24 of The Chess Beat by Larry Evans Spielmann is quoted: 'In the opening
a master should play like a book, in the mid-game he should play like a magician, in the
ending he should play like a machine.'
Was R.Spielmann really the originator of this rather good phrase? We seem to recall
that other sources attribute it to Chernev. (Chernev himself?) (325)
At a guess, the lay-out of the chapter of epigrams in Chernev's The Bright Side ofChess
(see page 1 07) led other writers into thinking the quote was Spielmann's. This may also
be why Capablanca is sometimes attributed, wrongly as far as we know, the remark
about books not conferring sight (see pages 1 12- 1 13). (1063)
Ghost writers
From W.D.Rubinstein:
' When I met the late lamented Irving Chernev in San Francisco in 1976, he told
me that he and Fred Reinfeld ghosted most of the important American chess
books which, between 1930 and 1950, appeared as the works of other authors
(apart from those which appeared over their own names, i.e. the majority!)
including Marshall's Best Games. (Marshall, according to Chemev, was
incapable of writing a coherent page, at least by the 1 930s.) Can anyone identify
any other important chess "ghosts"?' �0 (341)
Lodewijk Prins responds to an enquiry from us regarding the background of some of

Euwe's books:
'Several expert assistants workedfor Euwe over the years, among them Hans
Kmoch (1934-1947, Meet the Masters, openings, columns, etc.), C.B. van den
Berg (1947-1971, Chess Archives, Amsterdam, 1 950, etc.) andBouwmeester
Langeweg (Chess Archives). I was one of them (the lf_oteboom memorial book
in 19.3.2. Hoe neef Jan een goed schaker wordt in 1938 [Sk], etc.).
Before the War, none of us was mentioned, but after 1945 I chose to act as
incidental co-author or to contribute to his publications under my own name (the
Capablanca memorial book and �sterdam..J 950;for the Capablanca book
Mysteries 183
I did most of the work, including literary and analytical research). Others
followed in my track (Miihring, Kramer, van der Sterren), and the latter two are
even now active in preparing revised editions.
The ghost-writing in question was an open secret and, of course, Euwe was
behind the concepts and bore full responsibility for the final result. ' (1529)
Lasker's prescience
V.N.Panov's biography of Capablanca states (page 19) that in February 1909 Lasker
predicted that Capa would beat Marshall in the forthcoming match, and that the Cuban
might well be a future world title challenger. Do any other sources confirm this? (404)
LipschUtz
Remarkably, the forename of S .Lipschiitz ( 1 863- 1905) is still a mystery. As Jeremy

Gaige writes on page 41 of his A Catalog of U. S.A. Chess Personalia:
'His first name has been variously given as Samuel, Simon or Solomon. The
weight of evidence does not clearly favor any of them. The reader might care
to note the following from the American Chess Bulletin, 1906, page 3 1 : "We
are indebted to Mr T.J.Johnston of New York, an intimate acquaintance of
the dead master, for calling attention to the fact that the latter's name was
Solomon . . . and not Simon, as stated." ' (555)
Bogoljubow
A sentence from page xviii of Lessons from My Games by Reuben Fine:

'Bogoljubow had some of his rivals put in concentration camps by the Nazis
when they arrived on the scene in Germany.'
Having made this flat statement, Fine passes on to Tartakower's wit, as if the
Bogoljubow allegation were common knowledge. Is it? What evidence exists? Who are
the supposed victims? It almost appears that Fine overlooks the gravity of what he is
claiming, which is far more than has been alleged against Alekhine. We must find out
the truth. (587)
We are grateful to Sidney Bernstein, who has spoken to Reuben Fine in an attempt to
clarify the concentration camp allegation. Mr Bernstein informs us:
'I pressed him for details of Bogo/jubow's misdeeds. The only person he could
name as having been sent to a camp by Bogo/jubow was Dr Seitz. '
But didn't Seitz live in South America throughout the Second World War? He went
to Buenos Aires as a journalist in 1939 for the International Team Tournament (see
page 1 8 of the January 1940 issue of the Argentine magazine Caissa). In the July 1940
number (page 198) there appeared one of his many advertisements, with a Buenos Aires
address, offering chess lessons and simultaneous displays. Seitz was still advertising
from Buenos Aires in the December 1 942 issue. C.N. 1 367 showed that he was also in
that city in March 1 946.U (1403)
Ken Whyld writes:

'I knew Seitz fairly well. He and his wife were guests in my home on more than
one occasion. Seitz was never in Europe during the war. '
From page 344 of the September 1947 CHESS:
'The sub-committee deputed to consider Bogoljubow's request for rehabili
tation reported that they could not advise the FIDE to grant this master's
request for he had joined the Nazi party and taken no positive steps
throughout the war to indicate divergence from their aims. On the other
hand, it was pointed out that any tournament organising committee was
perfectly at liberty either to accept or reject him as a competitor.' (1433)
Janowsky not a bookworm?
On page 35 of Chernev's fine book Capablanca's Best Chess Endings we learn that
Janowsky 'never opened a chess book in his life'.
Presumably this is not to be taken literally, but is there any truth at all in the claim?
(616)
Bogoljubow and hypermodernism
Was Bogoljubow a hypermodern player?

Many sources claim that he was. In The Immortal Games of Capablanca Fred Reinfeld
calls the Cuban's game with Bogoljubow at London, 1922 his 'first encounter with an
outstanding Hypermodern master'. Yet a random chec k of the tournament books of
some of Bogoljubow's greatest triumphs in the 1 920s reveals that his opening play was
extremely classical, with barely an Indian Defence, Reti Opening, etc. in sight. (653)
A Pillsbury problem
The January 1903 BCM, page 26, publishes a game ofliving chess played by Pillsbury on
Mysteries 185
29 November 1902 against H.L.Bow1es (score also given in the Sergeant and Watts
book on the American). Afterwards Pillsbury set a two-mover he had specially
composed. Ten minutes was allowed and the winner of the little contest was 'a young
son of Mr Gunsberg, the chess-master'.
Wanted: further information on the problem and on Gunsberg's son. 12 (702)
Seletsky
From W.D.Rubinstein:
'Can any reader provide biographical information about the Soviet endgame
study composer A.S. Seletsky? Basic information about him is not listed in
Gaige's Catalog nor, remarkably, in the several Soviet books on studies which
include biographical information on composers. Seletsky composed several
first-prize-winners during the 1931-38 period, including the splendid andfamous
1933 smothered mate (no. 1096 in 1 234 and no. 7 in Chernev's Chessboard
Magic!). The last study I can find by Seletsky (in Kasparyan's Domination)
dates from 1938, indicating that he may have become an Unperson during the
Purges and "disappeared". The lack of biographical data would indicate that he
has never been "rehabilitated". '
A . S.Seletsky, Shakhmaty v SSSR, 1933

White to play and win
Solution: 1 'fi'g5 �6+ 2 �1 �d7 3 �c5+ �c8 4 .ta6+ �8 5 ti'g3+ 'it>a8

6 .tb7+ .txb7 7 �d7 11Vd8 8 11Vb8+ 11Vxb8 9 �b6 mate. (715)
Bedlam
A letter from T.W.Sweby in the March 1 984 CHESS (page 268) mentions in passing
that it took two years of correspondence on both sides of the Atlantic to explode
the Cambridge University loss of a game to Bedlam Insane Asylum story.
The story we know (item 94 in Chernev's Wonders and Curiosities of Chess) but not
the refutation. (748)
'Somewhere,' comments Jack O'Keefe, 'Irving Chernev is smiling.'

In Wonders and Curiosities of Chess (pages 46-47), as well as on page 76 of Chernev
and Reinfeld's The Fireside Book of Chess, it was claimed that 'Cambridge University
once played a game by correspondence with an insane asylum - and lost !' The moves
were given, a Sicilian Defence played ' 1 883- 1 885', won by Black in twenty-five moves.
On page 6 of CHESS, 1 5 October 1 955, T.W.Sweby wrote a short article entitled
'That "Bedlam beat Cambridge" story', suggesting that it was spurious. The magazine
encouraged Chernev to give the source of his story, and the American wrote a Letter to
the Editor on page 4 1 of the 12 November 1955 issue:
'In reply to your letter regarding the authenticity of the game between
Cambridge University and the Bedlam Lunatic Asylum in 1 883:
The score of the game may be found in the October 1937 issue of Chess
Review on page 222. I do not recall whether this item has appeared any
where else, or whether Chess Review alone was the source of my quote, but
should I find an earlier mention of this game (or alleged game) I shall be glad
to apprise you of it.'
The Editor added: 'Thanks, Mr Chernev, but we are not much further!'
Mr O'Keefe comments:
'This lame explanation by Chernev caused widespread scepticism, so that in recent
years everyone who has written about the game has regarded it as spurious.
However, when, where and by whom was the game played? The surprising
answer can befound in Hoffer's column in The Field of JO May 1884, where the
game is given with Hoffer's notes:
"The subjoined game was played between the Cambridge University
Chess Club and some gentlemen, patients in Bethlehem Hospital. It
commenced early in December, 1 883, and was finished at the end of
March."
The names of the Cambridge players are unknown. But in a response to the
Bedlam player who submitted the game, Hoffer explained White's early
resignation as follows:
"We suppose the brunt of the battle fell to the lot of the two gentle
men you mention, and the task was too much for them during the
University week." ( The Field, 29 March 1 884)
The Cambridge team against Oxford in 1884 comprised F.Morley,
G.Kiichler, E.L.Raymond, Rev. W.P.Buncombe, H. W. Sherrard, J. T. Gibson
and H. Gwinner; it seems likely that the "two gentlemen" were among them.
Hoffer tactfully did not reveal the names of the Bedlam players, but one was
Mysteries 187
called "Beta". He also composed problems and contributed two to The Field (22
December 1883 and 24 January 1885). A game "Beta"-Mr C., "played between
two gentlemen, patients in Bethlehem Hospital", was published on 19 January
1884, and it is plausible that Mr C. (who won the game) might also have played
against Cambridge. '
Our correspondent appends the two above-mentioned games, as they appeared in
The Field with Hoffer's notes. Chernev may indeed smile; his only slip seems to have
been the ' 1 885'.
Pro memoria, a quote from The Oxford Reference Dictionary's entry for Bedlam:
'bedlam. A scene of wild confusion or uproar. "Bedlam" was originally the
popular name of the hospital of St Mary of Bethlehem, founded as a priory in
1 247 at Bishopsgate, London, and by the 14th c. a mental hospital. In 1 675
a new hospital was built in Moorfields, and this in turn was replaced by a
building in the Lambeth Road in 1 8 1 5 (now the Imperial War Museum), and
transferred to Beckenham in Kent in 193 1 .' (1891)
The 1921 match
La Strategie of April 192 1 (page 75) gives the result of the Capablanca-Lasker World
Championship match as 5-0 with 10 draws. 4-0 would be correct, but the French
magazine's error cannot j ust be explained as a simple slip or misprint for it gives a
table of the match claiming that a fifteenth game was played on 26 April, a Queen's
Gambit Declined won by Capablanca in twenty-five moves. The Cuban's own little
book on the match is conclusive enough proof that the match finished after the four
teenth game, but how did La Strategie come up with a fifteenth? (81 4)
Hypermodernism
How much newness was there in the 'Hypermodern Revolution' or was much of it
skilful propaganda? The earliest article we have seen which expressed doubts about
these questions was one by Carlo Salvioli in L'ltalia Scacchistica, February 1926
(pages 25-29). A French translation appeared in the March 1926 La Strategie (pages
49-53). In support of his case the writer quotes Boris Kostic in Kagans
Neueste Schachnachrichten, October-December 1925, page 441 : 'In my opinion the term
"hypermodern game" is nothing but an empty word devoid of sense.' (815)
Correct score
What were the exact moves played in the famous Alekhine-Keres, Munich, 1942 game?
The opening moves were 1 d4 lbf6 2 lbf3 b6 3 c4 i.b7 4 g3 e6 5 i.g2 i.e7 6 0-0 0-0
7 b3 d5 8 lbe5 c6 9 i.b2 lbbd7 1 0 lbd2. Was the continuation 10 . . . c5 1 1 e3 llc8
12 ll c l llc7 (Gran Ajedrez, 107 Great Chess Battles, Alekhine's Best Games of Chess
1938-45) or 10 . . . llc8 1 1 llc1 c5 1 2 e3 llc7 (books by Kotov and Muller/Pawelczak)? 1 3
(847)
Sea air
From W .D.Rubinstein:
'Tarrasch is said to have blamed his defeat by Lasker in their 1908 match on
the "sea air,, despite thefact that it was played at Dusseldorf and Munich, and
despite thefact that Tarrasch had won a major tournament at coastal Ostend the
year before. Did Tarrasch actually say this, and how could he offer such a
preposterous excuse?' (852)
Ken Whyld sends this extract from the September 1908 Deutsche Schachzeitung (page
289):
'Dr Tarrasch writes in the Tag (Dusseldorf): "Dr T., who until now has never
been able to give the full measure of his playing abilities in a coastal climate
(whose effects are felt in Dusseldorf since it is open to the sea breezes) - just
recall Hastings, Ostend and Monte Carlo, as opposed to Breslau, Dresden,
Leipzig, Vienna and the matches with Walbrodt and Marshall in Nuremberg
- hopes to regain his complete powers of mental concentration in the high
altitude climate of Munich and have more success in the tournament there
than was possible in the constant rain and dreariness of the Rhine plain." ' (885)
For another version of Tarrasch's excuse (credited to the Berliner Loca/anzeiger) see
page 433 of the October 1 908 BCM. This added a 'dry' commentary:
'DUsseldorf is some 1 70 miles from the coast. A gift so sensitive to sea
influences at that distance is not robust enough to carry the world's cham
pionship. If the validity of this excuse is admitted, we shall some day hear
of masters so sensitive to electric influences that they cannot play within 1 50
miles of a telegraph post. A little more indulgence on the part of the chess
world for the idiosyncrasies of its masters, and we shall have some future
match for the championship of the world decided on the table lands ofThibet !'
(1206)
Louis Blair quotes an extract from an article by Emanuel Lasker in the New York
Evening Post of 24 October 1908:
'The German chess press, by the bye, is taking the defeat of Dr Tarrasch
to heart. The explanations of Tarrasch's discomfiture are as many as
mosquitoes in summer, and as difficult to combat. First, Tarrasch wrote that
Mysteries 189
Dusseldorf has an ocean climate, that the sea winds upset him; then, that at
the commencement of the match, he had not had his full force, because both
Schlechter and Rubinstein failed, as they had promised, to practise with him;
then, that I was lucky. Tarrasch has many friends who write in a similar
strain. A feuilleton in the Frankfurter Zeitung outdoes all else by its malice
and stupidity. Two games that I played particularly well, the fourth and the
last, it counts as wins for Tarrasch, and thereon builds a theory. It abstains
from hinting how Tarrasch might have won them. For a long time has the
taste of the German chess public been corrupted by loose, yet important,
assertions made in this fashion. '
Tarrasch was doubtless on terra that was more firma when he 'complained of
lassitude from the effects of the sea air at Hastings in 1 895' (American Chess Bulletin,
July 1 905, page 250). (1688)
FIDE's family
Gens una sumus. Bozidar Kazic asks when the Latin original was first mentioned
and who introduced it into FIDE. (879)
From Ken Whyld:

'I looked at the first issue of FIDE Revue, 1952, to see ifthe motto was there,
and /o! - Gens una summus in big letters on the cover. Later issues had the
correct spelling, but I can't say when the error was spotted since I have only
about half of the numbers and have a big gap after the first. ' (942)
Rob Verhoeven writes:

'Gens una summus was misspelled only in thefirst double-issue. The next and
first issue of the second year of publication had the correct spelling sumus. ' (961)
Did Rubinstein cheat?
From New in Chess, issue 1 , page 1 1 (September 1 984) :

'The rule that a player must move his king as punishment after an illegal
continuation was taken from the book after the San Sebastian tournament
in 191 1 , when Rubinstein gave the sealed move ct>c2-c7 at adjournment in
order to peacefully study at home which king move he would choose in the
remaining pawn endgame.'
'Taken from the book' is meant in the sense of 'removed'. Soltis' Lists book (page
41) gives the same story - 'perhaps apocryphal'. Is it? (903)
Paul Timson writes:

'I would think the story is almost certainly apocryphal. None of Rubinstein's
games at San Sebastian, 1911 fits the description given. I would also ask whether
the rule referred to ever applied to sealed moves anyway. Just possibly the story
derived from another incident involving Rubinstein and the sealed move. This
was the game Rubinstein-Takacs from Budapest, 1926. Rubinstein sealed
39 R-N7, and Kmoch describes the incident as follows:
"This move was handed up by Rubinstein just before the evening
intermission. At the resumption of play, a minor incident occurred.
Rubinstein came in a few minutes late. Meanwhile the tourney officials
had opened the envelope and had made the move R-N2. Rubinstein
immediately demonstrated that he had intended R-N7 as his sealed
move. After repeated demonstration it became clear that Rubinstein
,
had indicated the text."
In passing it may be noted that in the ( 1 922) London Rules it was specified
that matches would be played under the British Chess Code with a number of modifi
cations, one of which was: 'No king penalty for false move, except for the written
adjourned move.'
Mr Timson's analysis above is no doubt correct, but it seems a pity; should writers
be deprived of their pleasure of calling Rubinstein a cheat (or Steinitz a madman . . . or
Alekhine an immoral sadist . . . ) just because of a want of evidence? (956)
Lasker's words?
Would Lasker have attempted a World Championship comeback after 1927? Under
certain circumstances, according to Kotov's Alexander A lekhine (page 1 18):
'Emanuel Lasker immediately rejected any attempts to organize a match
between him and the new world champion. "If the match had been won by
Capablanca, I would have taken the opportunity to cross swords with him"
- wrote Lasker. "But to do battle with youth in chess, thank you - no! " '
Where, if anywhere, did Lasker write these words? (908)
A real game?
From Paul Timson:

'Granada TV have recently [this was written in 1 985] been showing a series
of old films on Sunday mornings entitled "Miniature Chess Masterpieces".
One of these featured the game Anderssen v Lange, said to have been played in
Bres/au in 1859. The game, as shown on television, went as follows: 1 e4 e5
Mysteries 191
2 ti:Jf3 ti:Jc6 3 i.b5 ti:Jd4 4 ti:Jxd4 exd4 5 i.c4 ti:Jf6 6 e5 d5 7 i.b3 i.g4 8f3 ti:Je4
9 0-0 d3 10 fxg4 i.c5+ 1 1 �hl ti:Jg3+ 12 hxg3 'ilg5 13 'iJ.f5 h5 14 gxh5 'flxf5
15 g4 'iJ.xh5+ 16 gxh5 'fie4 1 7 'fll/3 'ilh4+ 18 'ilh3 'ti'el+ 1 9 r3;h2 i.gl+
20 �h l i./2+ 21 �h2 'ti'gl mate.
After the programme was over, I tried to find the score. Needless to say, the
game is not included in the Oxford Encyclopedia, although six other games
between Anderssen and Lange are given as played at Bres/au in 1859. However,
the game does appear in Reinfeld's Great Short Games of the Chess Masters,
where it is stated that White resigned after Black's 18th move. The same score is
in The Golden Treasury of Chess. But in du Mont's 200 Miniature Games of
Chess the finish is given as 15 ... 'ti'/2 16 Resigns. Finally, in Wenman's 175
Chess Brilliancies, the game is said to end 15 ... 'ti'/2 16 g3 'flxg3 1 7 'ti'fl 'flxg4
18 Resigns.
I should be very interested to learn:
a) Was this a genuine game or merely analnis between the players?
b) What is the original source of the game?
c) If it is a genuine game, what is the correct score?' 14 (954)
Hugh Myers writes:

'Of course that game isn't one of the 1859 Anderssen-Lange games in von
Gottschall's Anderssen collection, but while looking for it I noticed an 1859
Suhle-Anderssen game that started 1 b3 e5 2 i.b2 ti:Jc6 3 e3 ti:Jf6 4 i.b5 i.d6
(0- 1, 25). Mr Raymond Keene, who I hear has been writing a book about open-
ings history, said this about that variation in his Nimzowitsch/Larsen Attack
(page 14): "A very interesting idea is William Hartston's 4 . . . i.d6!?." ' (999)
Why?
In 20 Partien Capablanca's B.Kagan gives a game (page 1 2) against Frau Dr Brock

('gespielt in einer Simultanvorstel/ung der Berliner Schachgesel/schaft') no date. -
Capa, White, opened 1 e4 e5 2 ti:Jf3 ti:Jc6 3 ti:Jc3 ti:Jf6 4 i.b5 a6 5 i.xc6 dxc6 6 0-0 i.d6
7 d4 i.g4 8 dxe5 i.xf3 9 'ifxf3 i.xe5 1 0 i.g5 0-0 1 1 'iJ.ad 1 1!Ve8 1 2 'iJ.fe 1 1fe6 1 3 i.xf6
i.xf6. The Cuban's next move was of a kind we have never seen elsewhere in his games:
14 1!Vh3. Is there any explanation for this other than a desire to be gallant? The game
was drawn in 35 moves . 1 5 (972)
Capa's shortest loss
What was Capablanca's shortest loss in simultaneous play? Chernev's The 1000 Best
Short Games of Chess (page 84) has his thirteen-move defeat by Kevitz at Brooklyn,
1924. However, on page 65 of the Gazette of the Grolier Club June/December 1975,
in an article entitled 'Chess: A Bibliophile's View' by Stephen Weissman, the following

item is listed:
'- Original game score, signed by the participants, of an eleven-move loss
suffered by Capablanca against Mary Bain in a simultaneous exhibition.
Possibly the shortest game Capablanca ever lost, though a number of masters
are known to have treated lady opponents with false chivalry. Mary Bain
went on to become one of the best women players in the United States.'
Wanted: moves and details of the occasion. (1037)
At last this game can be presented:

J.R.Capablanca (simultaneous)-M.Bain, Hollywood, 2 1 May 1933.
Four Knights' Game.
1 e4 e5 2 �f3 �c6 3 �c3 �f6 4 .tb5 .tc5 5 0-0 0-0 6 �xe5 lle8 7 �d3 .td4 8 �e2
llxe4 9 �xd4 �xd4 10 .ta4 �e2+ 1 1 'i!th1 �xcl 12 Resigns.
After we appealed for the score on page 58 of the 511987 New in Chess, Mr Victor
Jimenez Lopez kindly obliged, quoting an article by Pablo Moran on page 42 of
the February 1988 issue of the Spanish magazine Ocho por ocho. At our request,
Mr Moran then specified his source: an article by Dr J.A.Seitz on pages 1 83- 1 84
of the October 1 94 1 issue of Caissa.
Seitz gave '21 March 1933', but it was on 2 1 May 1933 that Capablanca gave his
only simultaneous exhibition in Hollywood. In March he was touring Panama.
There is still a major discrepancy: the American Chess Bulletin (May-June 1933,
page 87) carried a brief report of the Hollywood display and stated that Mrs Bain was
one of two players to score a draw.
Our efforts to find a local newspaper report have so far been unsuccessful
(Hollywood being Hollywood). (1653)
Brian Donnell points out that the Capablanca-Bain game was published on page 37
of the January 1 973 Chess Life & Review, an obituary of Mary Bain by Bob Braine.
The date is given as 27 May 1933 (presumably an error for 2 1 ), and it is claimed that
when Capablanca resigned at move 1 2, 'Mary would not accept victory and conceded
the game as a draw. Raul graciously accepted.' This all seems very peculiar. (1804)
A question of size
A discrepancy which is not of momentous importance, but which readers may be able
to clear up swiftly, concerns the size· of Mikhail Chigorin. Most sources suggest that
he was little short of a giant, 16 but on page 22 of Chess Characters G .H.Diggle reports
that at Hastings, 1 895 W .H. Watts 'had expected Chigorin to be a great burly Russian,
but found him in fact a small jerky man, no bigger than Steinitz . . .' Is there a photo
graph which puts the matter beyond doubt? (1 1 06)
Mysteries 193
From J .H.Duke:
'In the second issue of Lasker & His Contemporaries there is a photograph
of the participants in the Cambridge Springs tournament of 1904 in front of the
Rider Hotel. Chigorin, standing in the front row, certainly appears to be a small
man. The giant of the field is Marco, who towers over everyone else. '
Who has been the tallest master? The late J.H.Donner would be a popular nomi
nation, but on pages 1 0- 1 1 of the October 1955 issue of CHESS there is a photograph
in which he is standing alongside a distinctly taller Filip. (1878)
Staunton in oils
The April 1930 BCM, page 1 29, refers to an 1 846 oil painting of Staunton. Wanted:
further details. (1 136)
Steiner v Alekhine
A little query regarding L.Steiner-Alekhine, Folkestone Team Tournament, 1933.

In My Best Games of Chess 1924-1937, page 1 28, Alekhine says of 14 B-Kt5: 'A rather
superficial developing move. Instead, 14 B-K3 was still preferable.' The word 'still' is
a surprise, since he had not recommended B-K3 earlier. On page 98 of the Book of the
Folkestone 1933 International Chess Team Tournament (Whitehead & Miller, 1 933),
Tartakower writes that ' 1 4 B-K3 would not do because of KtxP. Correct was 14 B-B2,
to be followed by B-K3 or Kt-K3.'
Are we right to suggest that Alekhine's ' 14 B-K3' is a misprint for ' 14 B-B2' ? Then the
'still' would make sense, since B-B2 had been recommended on move thirteen. (1201)
Capa v Reti
The May-June 1 9 1 2 Wiener Schachzeitung (pages 1 7 5- 1 76) reports on a simultaneous

exhibition given by Capablanca in Vienna on 21 October 1 9 1 1, his score being +22 -5
=8. One of the eight draws was secured by Reti. It would be marvellous to find the
score of the Capa-Reti game, though the chances must be virtually nil. (121 1)
Jaque Mate
The November 1 933 BCM (page 463) refers to a new Cuban monthly chess magazine,
Jaque Mate, edited by Juan Corzo. (See also the August 1 952 BCM, page 223). We
are yet to find anyone who has a copy. Who can help? (1314)
Duplication?
Pablo Moran draws our attention to the game Tolush-Aronson, USSR Championship,
1957: 1 d4 d5 2 c4 lL!c6 3 cxd5 1Wxd5 4 lL!f3 i.g4 5 lL!c3 1Wa5 6 d5 0-0-0 7 i.d2 i.xf3
8 exf3 lL!b4 9 a3 lL!xd5 10 lL!a4 Resigns. In the April 1987 CHESS (page 465) the
identical moves were given as having been played in a game Alekhine-Nenarokov,
Moscow, 1907. Our correspondent says that he has never seen this game ascribed to
Alekhine, and asks for details. (1450)
Ed Tassinari has found that the game was given as having been played between
Alekhine and Nenarokov on page 257 of the September 1959 Chess Review. In a letter to
the editor, 'Grigory Bogunovich, Pittsburgh, Penna.' wrote:
'May I present the following game for publication? This game, played in 1907
when Alekhine was only fifteen, greatly surprised Nenarokov, who had
beaten Alekhine decisively before.
Before the Revolution, I knew Nenarokov personally and he often remarked
that Alekhine had the true Aryan spirit that goes with chess, coupled with an
almost overpowering Zwigwille.
The game I send you has never before been published to my knowledge. It
was an offhand game, played in the Moscow Chess Club, and was witnessed
by only four people, including myself.
It was a scene to behold: Alekhine smoking that devilish weed, makhorka;
Nenarokov, lifting his withered face up occasionally to study his opponent or
to sip his mineral water. At the end of the game, Nenarokov, as was his
custom, said nothing and left the room while Alekhine spent the next three
quarters of an hour engaged in happy analysis with us!'
The game is then given, 'A.A.Alekhine v L.Nenarokov'. There are two notes. After
White's sixth move: 'Alekhine made this move almost immediately. Plainly, Black's
game is lost.' Then there is the following after Black resigned at move ten:
'At best, Black can reach a lost ending with 10 . . . N-N3 1 1 BxQ RxQ+ 12 RxR
NxN 1 3 B-N5 N-N3 (not 1 3 . . . NxP because of 14 R-Q2) 14 BxN RPxB (or
14 . . . BPxB 1 5 R-B I + K-Q l 1 6 K-K2!) 1 5 B-Q7+ K-N 1 1 6 B-K8! (analysis
mine).'
The Chess Review contributor signs off with the words: 'I am looking forward to
the publication of this miniature. '
W e do not believe a word o f it. Firstly, the prose introduction contains too many
incongruities. The handily anachronistic reference to 'Aryan spirit'; that peculiar
Zwigwille; would a boy of barely fifteen have smoked in a public Moscow club room?;
Mysteries 195
did Nenarokov really have a withered face when he was well under thirty?; and if the
contributor knew Vladimir Ivanovich Nenarokov personally, why did he give the initial
of his forename as L.?
It is the second annotation to the game score that convinces us that 'Bogunovich'
was perpetrating a hoax. The identical Tolush-Aronson game, played in 1957, was
published in the BCM of June 1 959 (pages 1 68- 1 69), in an article by P.H.Clarke entitled
'Soviet Miniatures'. There are detailed annotations (subsequently re-used on pages
48-49 of the same author's 100 Soviet Chess Miniatures), and the final one, explain
ing why Black resigned, reads:
'At best he can reach a lost ending by 1 0 . . . Kt-Kt3 1 1 BxQ RxQch 1 2 RxR
KtxKt 1 3 B-Kt5 Kt-Kt3 (not 13 . . . KtxP 14 R-Q2) 14 BxKt RPxB (or 14 . . .
BPxB 1 5 R-B lch K-Q l 1 6 K-K2! ) 1 5 B-Q7ch K-Ktl 1 6 B-K6!'
Apart from 1 6 B-K6/ 1 6 B-K8, the entire sequence of analysis is the same.
'Bogunovich' published it as his own only a couple of months after it had appeared
in the BCM. (1537)
A true incident?
a) From page 96 of The Fireside Book of Chess by Irving Chernev and Fred Reinfeld:
'Schottlander needed only a draw to win first prize in the Leipzig tournament
of 1 888. Mieses offered him a draw in their last-round game, but he declined
it ! Schottlander lost t he game, and with it first prize!'
b) From page 69 of Evans on Chess by Larry Evans:
'In the Leipzig tournament of 1 888, Schottlander refused Mieses' offer of
a draw, even though he would have clinched first prize by accepting.
Schottlander eventually lost the game.'
c) From the crosstable given on page 14 of the January 1889 BCM: 1 st-2nd, Bardeleben
and Riemann with 5 Y2 points; 3rd, Mieses with 4 Y2; 4th, von Scheve with 4, follow
ed by W.Paulsen and SchottHinder, equal fifth with 2 Y2. (1466)
Page 379 of Gaige's Chess Personalia gives the following details: Arnold SchottHinder
(note the umlaut), born on 2 April 1 854 in Miinsterberg and died on 9 September 1909
in Breslau.
Ken Whyld writes:
'C.N. 1466 is curious. As you show in c), Schott/ander would have needed to
score 3 Y2 points from a win against Miesesfor a) and b) to have been true. Here
is the game in question, from pages 42-43 of Deutsche Schachzeitung,
February 1889. You will see that it was played on 5 December, viz. on about
the third round. Further, it is inconceivable at any stage after the opening
moves that Mieses would have regarded Schottliinder's game as worth a draw.
Ironically, the annotator shows a surprising straw to clutch in thefinalposition. '
J.Mieses-A.SchottHinder, Leipzig, 5 December 1 888. Vienna Game.
1 e4 e5 2 �c3 .tc5 3 g3 d6 4 .i.g2 �f6 5 �a4 .i.b6 6 �xb6 axb6 7 h3 �c6 8 �e2
0-0 9 0-0 �e8 10 d4 f5 11 f4 exd4 12 �xd4 �xd4 13 !Vxd4 fxe4 14 !Vxe4 �f6 15 !fd3
llb8 16 .td2 .te6 1 7 g4 �d7 18 1Wg3 d5 19 f5 .tf7 20 g5 c6 21 llae1 g6 22 f6 lle8
23 .i.f4 llc8 24 'ft'h4 llxel 25 llxe1 'ft'f8 26 lle7 �c5 27 b4 �e6 28 .i.d6 't!¥d8
29 llxf7 Resigns.
The Deutsche Schachzeitung note in the final position reads:

'Black seems to overlook that with 29 . . . h5! he could hold out for a while.
However, White could win two pawns with 30 llxb7 1Wxd6 3 1 llxb6 or,
alternatively, play 30 lle7 !Vxd6 3 1 1We 1 �f8 (if 3 1 ... �xg5? 32 lle8+
llxe8 33 1!Yxe8+ <it>h7 34 We7+ ! and wins) 32 llxb7; in both cases he would
maintain a great advantage. The first to point out 29 . . . h5! was
R.Mangelsdorf.'
(Richard Mangelsdorf, born in Leipzig on 9 June 1 823, died in Leipzig on 23 January
1 894 - Chess Personalia. ) (1504)
Hans-Georg Kleinhenz writes:

'/ should like to offer the likely solution to C.N.s 1466 and 1504. On page 189
of Dreihundert Schachpartien Tarrasch writes about the Leipzig, 1888 tour
nament:
"Riemann particularly distinguished himself in this tournament - at
that time he was certainly the most dynamic German master - by the
outstanding strength and elegance of his attacking play. He scored five
wins, drew one game and lost one; the loss was because he refused to
accept the draw offered to him by his opponent, Mieses, on account of
the over-confidence instilled by his victory. A draw would, however,
have assured him of first place. "
Mysteries 197
It seems most likely that later on there was a mix-up of names (Schott/ander
instead of Riemann) in an English-language $DUree and that authors have
subsequently just copied from each other. '
It should be noted that although Riemann did indeed lose to Mieses in the tourna
ment, he still finished joint first.
Rob Verhoeven sends a copy of page 9 of the January 1 889 Deutsche Schachzeitung,
which confirms that Riemann refused a draw against Mieses in his last game of the
tournament. Our Dutch correspondent also quotes the game in question, which was
published on pages 265-267 of the September 1 8 89 Deutsche Schachzeitung. We follow
the magazine's punctuation :
F.Riemann-J.Mieses, Leipzig, 7 December 1 888. Ruy Lopez.
1 e4 e5 2 lbf3 lbc6 3 i.b5 a6 4 i.a4 lbf6 5 lbc3 i.e7 6 0-0 d6 7 i.xc6+ bxc6 8 d4
exd4 9 lbxd4 i.b7 10 lbf5 i.f8 1 1 llel lbd7! 12 b3 g6 13 lbd4 i.g7 14 i.b2 0-0
15 't!fd2 lieS 16 liadl lbf8 1 7 lbf3 lbe6 18 lba4 c5 19 i.xg7 lbxg7 20 '@h6 lbe6
21 lbc3 't!ff6 22 lbd5 i.xd5 23 exd5 lbf4 24 c4 lbh5 25 lie3 't!fg7 26 't!fxg7+ lbxg7
27 lidel llxe3 28 lhe3 lieS 29 llxe8+ lbxe8 30 'itfl lbf6 31 lbd2 eMS 32 �e2
�7 33 'iitle3 <Gt?d7 34 �4 h6 35 g4 <Gt?e7 36 h4 lbd7 37 f3 lbe5 38 �e4 <Gt?d7 39 lbbl
�7 40 lbc3 <Gt?d7 41 lbe2 �e7 42 lbg3 <Gt?d7 43 h5 <Gt?e7 44 hxg6 fxg6 45 lbe2 �6
46 lbf4 lbf7! 47 'iitle3 lbg5 48 'itf2 � 49 �3 �6 50 lbe2 lbf7 51 f4 g5 52 lbc3
gxf4+ 53 <Gt?xf4 lbg5 54 lbe2 lbh3+ 55 <Gt?g3 lbg5 56 lbf4 'i!le5 57 a3? lbe4+ 58 <Gt?f3
lbd2+ 59 <Gt?e3 lbxb3 60 lbe6 lba5 61 <Gt?d3 c6 62 lbc7 cxd5 63 lbxd5 lbc6 64 lbc7
a5 65 lbd5 lbd4 66 a4 lbc6 67 �e3 lbb4 68 lbe7 d5 69 lbg8 dxc4 70 lbxh6 c3 71 g5
c4 72 lbf7+ �5 73 g6 c2 74 <Gt?d2 c3+ 75 �1 <Gt?c4! 76 Resigns.
From Jeremy Gaige's Chess Personalia: Fritz Riemann: born on 2 January 1 859 in
Niederweistritz, died on 22 November 1932 in Erfurt. (1 523)
Lasker's games
Most readers will be familiar with the Reinfeld/Fine book Dr Lasker's Chess Career,
Part /: 1889- 1914, reprinted in 1965 by Dover under the title Lasker's Greatest Chess
Games 1889- 1914. Part II was never published, but a manuscript may still exist.
Reinfeld wrote in the October 1 948 CHESS (page 24):
'Mr Finck's letter is typical of a number of requests I have had for a Dr
Lasker's Chess Career, Part II. I have had such a manuscript in readiness
for a number of years, but I do not know of any publishing firm which has a
burning interest in the project. To my deep regret, therefore, the manuscript
continues to remain unpublished. If any of your readers know of any way to
make publication possible, I shall be deeply grateful.'
Reinfeld does not make it clear whether Fine also collaborated on Part II. (1500)
Contradictions
On page 1 52 of the May 1953 CHESS V.W.H.Waller pointed out an interesting

disagreement between leading authors over basic chess strategy:
'Under the heading "Sicilian Defence" at page 85 of his book The Ideas
Behind the Chess Openings Fine writes "White almost invariably comes out of
the opening with more terrain. Theory tells us that in such cases he must
attack . . . " Again, on page 86 he writes " 3 . White must not be passive: he
must attack because time is on Black's side (it usually is in cramped
positions)."
In contrast to this, C.H.O'D.Alexander in his book Chess writes at page
63 "An advantage in space is much more enduring than an advantage in time
and, generally speaking, you need be in no hurry for a winning attack . . . "
Also on page 64 he writes "remember that when you have an advantage in
space your first object is to restrict the opponent, not to launch a direct attack
. . . " Further, on page 66, "This game is a masterly example of using space
advantage. Notice how White never hurries . . . ' "
The CHESS editor then comments, 'We rather favour Alexander's view.' (1540)
Gone for good?
Bob Meadley raises the subject of chess publications of which copies can no longer be
found:
'The Gawler Chess Journal 1894 is gone forever; so also, it seems, is a
publication by A.L.Henniques, The Games of the Intercolonial Chess Match
Melbourne versus New South Wales played by Electric Telegraph on
November 9th 1 870 and published by him in 1871, 8vo, 12 pages. It may be
wondered if van der Linde noted it in a German Library for his Geschichte
und Litteratur [sic] des Schachspiels (see volume 2, page 91). ' (1637)
Another example is Libre dels jochs partitis dels schachs en nombre de I 00 by Francesch
Vicent (Valencia, 1495). See The Companion's entry on Vicent. (1686)
David Janowsky and Geza Mar6czy
D.Janowsky-G.Mar6czy, Munich, 27 July 1900. Albin Counter-Gambit.

1 d4 d5 2 c4 e5 3 dxe5 d4 4 e4 ltlc6 5 .tf4 li:Jge7 6 i.g3 h5 7 h3 g5 8 h4 g4 9 ltld2
ltlg6 10 f4 i.e7 11 i.d3 ltlxh4 12 "t!¥e2 ltlg6 13 e6 h4 14 'ifxg4 i.xe6 15 f5 i.c8
16 i.h2 ltlge5 17 'ife2 ltlxd3+ 1 8 'ifxd3 ltlb4 19 'ifb3 a5 20 ltlh3 a4 21 'ifd1 ltld3+
22 <M1 ltlxb2 23 'ifg4 lla6 24 ltlf4 �f8 25 ltld5 llc6 26 i.e5 llg8 27 "t!¥h5 i.g5
Mysteries 199
28 �f3 �xc4 29 f6 �e3+ 30 �xe3 i.xe3 31 lldl i.g4 32 1!fxh4 i.xf3 33 gxf3 llc2
34 i.xd4 1!fa8
35 lld3 'Wa6 36 Resigns.

The Munich, 1900 tournament book (page 50) gives the conclusion of the game as
35 lld3 Wa6 36 Resigns, but a few other sources have mistakenly claimed that
Janowsky won in brilliant style. The earliest we know of is P.Wenman's One Hundred
Chess Gems (first published in 1 939). On pages 42-43 he affirmed that the finish
had been 35 i.a7 i.xa7 36 Wh6+ 'i!te8 37 'ilg7 llf8 38 'ti'xf8+ 'it>xf8 39 llh8 mate.
Wenman also gave that fictitious conclusion on page 75 of Learn to Play Chess ( 1 946).
See CHESS, April 1953, page 1 26 and May 1953, page 1 5 1 for further details, as
well as the September 1 979 issue of the Australian magazine Chess Player's Quarterly
(pages 69 and 7 1 ), which has an article entitled 'The Game That Never Was' by Mike
Winslade.
Was Wenman (described by The Companion as 'the problem world's most notorious
plagiarist' ) the first to tamper with the Janowsky-Maroczy game and if so was it an
isolated offence in his game anthologies?
One Hundred Chess Gems is a curious work. Whereas Capablanca's play is featured
only once (his loss to Lilienthal), there are two games by Wenman himself (a win
and a draw in the battle for supremacy at 'the Bristol and Clifton Club Champion
ship').
Wenman churned out many books which, despite (?) the bad contents, had good
sales and gained him a certain amount of fleeting fame. But by the time he died, in
1972, he had been consigned to oblivion and was ignored by the obituarists. A
cautionary tale. (1652)
Alekhine v Supico
On page 38 of the April 1988 issue of Ocho por ocho Pablo Moran refers to the famous
Alekhine-Supico game, in which White played the brilliant 20 1Vg6 despite Black's
unmoved kingside pawns. He points out that although the Muller and Pawelczak book
on Alekhine states that the game occurred in Tenerife in 1945, the score had already
appeared in the Argentine magazine Caissa in 1942. That latter source indicated
that the game had been played in a blindfold simultaneous exhibition in Lisbon in
194 1 .
Can a reader shed light o n this matter? We would add that Muller and Pawelczak
(page 270) claim that the occasion was a 'blindfold exhibition, Tenerife, 6 December
1945'. The incorrect 'Tenerife, 1 945' is also given by Kotov (Das Schacherbe Aljechins,
volume one, page 240). (1654)
Beating Tarrasch
On page 78 of The 1000 Best Short Games of Chess Irving Chernev gives the following
game as having been lost by Tarrasch (Black, simultaneous) to Holzhausen ('Hamburg,
191 0' ): 1 e4 e5 2 ltlf3 d6 3 J.c4 J.e7 4 d4 exd4 5 ltlxd4 ltlf6 6 ltlc3 ltlc6 7 0-0 0-0
8 h3 lieS 9 lie 1 ltld7 1 0 J.xf7+ �xf7 1 1 ltle6 <ot?xe6 1 2 '@'d5+ �6 1 3 1Wf5 mate. Chernev
repeated this version on page 52 of Wonders and Curiosities of Chess.
However, the following score appears on pages 79-80 of Schachjahrbuchfiir 1912 by
Ludwig Bachmann:
Frhr v . Holzhausen-S.Tarrasch (simultaneous), Frankfurt a. M., 7 October 1 9 1 2.
Two Knights' Defence.
1 e4 eS 2 ltlf3 ltlc6 3 J.c4 ltlf6 4 d4 exd4 S 0-0 d6 6 ltlxd4 J,e7 7 ltlc3 0-0 8 h3 lieS
9 lie1 ltld7 1 0 J.xf7+ �f7 1 1 ltle6 ltldeS 12 WbS+ 'i!fg8 13 ltlxd8 lixd8 14 ltldS Resigns.
Despite the discrepancies in the opening moves, closing moves, date and venue
it is hard to believe that two different games are involved. We are yet to find the
1 3 '@'f5 mate version in a contemporary source. Naturally the Encyclopaedia of Chess
Middlegames goes its own way, claiming (page 69) that the game was played in Berlin
(in 1 9 12). (1 720)
A contribution from Ken Whyld:

'Deutsches Wochenschach, 13 October 1912, page 367, gives the game, in
14 lbd5 version, and says it was played in the Frankfurt a. M simul cited on
page 369, where the date, 7 October, is given. ' (1 779)
Confusion
From page 1 3 1 of the June 1909 American Chess Bulletin :

H.Menkes-L.Rosen, Rice Club Championship, 1 909. Two Knights' Defence.
1 e4 eS 2 ltlf3 ltlc6 3 J.c4 ltlf6 4 d3 J.cS S 0-0 d6 6 .igS h6 7 J.h4 gS 8 J.g3 hS
Mysteries 201
9 ll:lxg5 h4 10 ll:lxn hxg3 11 ll:lxd8 .tg4 12 1!fd2 li:ld417 13 ll:lc3 li:lf3+ 14 gxf3
.txf3 15 Resigns.
The magazine remarks: 'The entire play is "book", which fact, however, makes the
game none the less interesting.'
For some reason these moves are also said to have been played in a game between
Dubois and Steinitz, London, 1 862 (e.g. pages 2-3 of Chess, More Miniature Games
by J. du Mont), even though that game developed along altogether different lines after
9 h4 .tg4 1 0 c3 'ird7. 18
On the other hand, the complete game above appears on page 1 14 of Chernev's
The 1000 Best Short Games of Chess under the heading 'Grabill v Mugridge, Los
Angeles, 1 932' and with the statement that the win is based on a brilliant piece of
analysis by Steinitz. (1 750)
C.N. 1 750 drew attention to the mystery, as yet unresolved, as to why the Dubois
Steinitz game in the London, 1 862 tournament has often flown under the false colours
of a miniature. An article by Bent Larsen on pages 28-30 of Inside Chess, 20 March 1989
prompts us to point out further discrepancies in the record of this famous game.
The weakness of Larsen's article is twofold: a) he assumes that White played 22 !Vel
('??'), whereas there is a far greater chance that Dubois' move was 22 'ire2, as given
in the tournament book. Secondly, taking 22 't!fel to have been the move, Larsen is
still guilty, as have been so many other commentators, of overlooking that, instead of
22 . . . '@e3+, Black could force mate with 22 ... lihl + 23 �f2 lixfl+, etc. The longest
variation is 24 .txfl ll:lxg4+ and mate in 4.
This faster win in all variations was indicated by W.F.Streeter on page 33 of the
American Chess Bulletin of February 1933. (He noted that 24 .txfl ll:lxg4+ won
quickly, but missed the forced mate. )
On page 5 1 of the March 1 933 American Chess Bulletin, Charles Devide reacted as
follows:
'In No. 2., Vol 30, American Chess Bulletin Mr W.F.Streeter takes the late
Richard Reti to task because of an exclamation point to Black's 22nd move in
the Dubois v Steinitz game played in the second international tournament
at London in 1 862. Since in my Steinitz Memorial Book I also employed that
mark on that very occasion, I feel constrained to take up the cudgel not only
in my own and the late Reti's behalf, but also for Mr Lowenthal, the editor of
the book of the London Tournament, 1 862, for Herr Bachmann and the rest
of the numerous annotators of the game in question, none of whom suggested
the rook check, instead of 22 . . . Q-K6ch. We did not do so for the good and
sufficient reason that at this juncture Dubois' queen stood at K2 and not at
Ksq, as in Mr Streeter's diagram of the position.
I may add that my Steinitz Memorial Book has a note to Black's 2 1 st move,
Q (B3)-K, suggesting Kt-K5 as more expeditious.
Charles Devide
P.S. White's 22nd move was Q (Q)-K2. The S.M.B. says that by 22 B-B5ch,
followed by 23 R-K, his game would have been defensible.'
To this Mr S treeter was given the opportunity to reply immediately below:

'Regarding the Dubois v Steinitz position, which appeared in the Bulletin in
February, Mr DeVide [sic] seems to be correct in his contention that White's
22nd move was Q-K2. At least, the London Tournament Book of 1 862 shows
that to be the move. This would seem to clear the players of the charge of
having overlooked a rather simple continuation, but does not absolve Reti,
as he apparently was assuming that Q-K was the move played.'
Mr Streeter missed a trick by not pointing out that Bachmann's collection ofSteinitz's
games (volume 1 , page 16) also gave 22 1!i'e 1 , as did page 282 of the September 1 862
Deutsche Schachzeitung, but his criticism of Reti, which also applies to Larsen, is
justified. (1864)
Discrepancies
Louis Blair writes:

'Perhaps it would make an amusing subject in your magazine to talk about
different versions offamous games.
My candidatefor the most extreme example ofthis sort ofthing is thefamous
game between Edward Lasker and Sir George Thomas. In Chess for Fun &
Chess for Blood (pages 1 1 7- 123), Edward Lasker gave thefirst nine moves as
1 d4 f5 2 l£Jf3 e6 3 l£Jc3 l£Jf6 4 i.g5 i.e7 5 i.xf6 i.xf6 6 e4 fxe4 7 l£Jxe4 b6
8 i.d3 i.b7 9 l£Je5 0-0. Nobody seems to have believed him. In The World's
Great Chess Games, Reuben Fine said the moves were 1 d4 f5 2 l£Jc3 �6
3 liJjJ e6 4 i.g5 i.e7 5 i.xf6 i.xf6 6 e4 fxe4 7 l£Jxe4 b6 8 l£Je5 0-0 9 i.d3
i.b7. In The 1 000 Best Short Games of Chess, Chernev transformed the game
into a Staunton Gambit: 1 d4f5 2 e4 fxe4 3 l£Jc3 l£Jf6 4 i.g5 e6 5 l£Jxe4 i.e7
6 i.xf6 i.xf6 7 liJjJ 0-0 8 i.d3 b6 9 l£Je5 i.b7. In America's Chess Heritage,
Walter Korn agrees with the Chernev version, except that, at the end, he says
that Edward Lasker finished off his opponent by castling queenside. That's
four versions of the game. I would not be surprised if there are others as well.
Surely, that is a record of some sort. '
We would add that:
a) Another move order appeared on pages 229-230 of Bachmann's Schachjahrbuchfur
1912: 1 d4 e6 2 l£Jf3 f5 3 l£Jc3 l£Jf6 4 i.g5 i.e7 5 i.xf6 i.xf6 6 e4 fxe4 7 l£Jxe4 b6
8 l£Je5 0-0 9 i.d3 i.b7.
b) Remarkably, Edward Lasker himself gave a further different version of the score, on
page 28 of the February 1 9 1 8 American Chess Bulletin: 1 d4 f5 2 l£Jf3 l£Jf6 3 i.g5 e6
4 l£Jc3 i.e7 5 i.xf6 i.xf6 6 e4 fxe4 7 l£Jxe4 b6 8 l£Je5 0-0 9 i.d3 i.b7.
c) Earlier C. N. items have pointed out the discrepancies over the final move and the
date of the game and have noted the faster mate that Edward Lasker missed. All in all,
there can hardly be a more muddled game. 19 (1763)
Mysteries 203
Mr Blair adds 1 d4 e6 2 ltlf3 f5 3 ltlc3 ltlf6 4 i.g5 i.e7 5 i.xf6 i.xf6 6 e4 fxe4 7 ltlxe4
b6 8 i.d3 i.b7 9 ltle5 0-0, etc., as given on page 1 7 of the June 1 9 8 1 Chess Life. This
is the seventh version of the game. (1 823)
F.K.Young
George Stern writes:
' When I came across the following passage about F.K. Young by Lawrence J.
Fuller on page 503 of Volume I of The Best of Chess Life and Review, my
eyebrows went up in disbelief:
"Mr Young was a contemporary of Steinitz, Zukertort and the
American champions Mackenzie and Pillsbury, from all of whom he
won games which he credited to his system."
Can it really be that F.K. Y defeated Steinitz, Zukertort, Mackenzie and

Pillsbury? If he did, why is the fact not better known? Why, indeed, did Young
himself not boast about it - as a success ofhis system - in the lattermost of his
"Strategetics" series, Chess Strategetics? There are all sorts of other puffery
in the "Introductory" to that book, but no mention of victories over world class
contemporaries. Incidentally, I notice that in that book Young made this claim:
"The synthetic method of chessplay . . . early received the indorsement [sic] of
Emmanuel [sic] Lasker, who, in a personal letter to Mr Edwin C. Howell,
collaborator in Minor Tactics, stated t hat the new method of chess play 'was
replete with logic and common sense'." I wonder too whether Young's claim
about Lasker is true. Can you or your correspondents shed any light on either
of these matters?'
Finding victories by Young is not easy, though his obituary on page 1 0 of the January
1932 American Chess Bulletin said that 'in the middle ' 80s, contemporary with George
Hammond [sic - G.H. died in 1 88 1], Preston Ware, C.F.Burrille [sic] and Charles B.
Snow, he was one of the finest players in America. ' In an off-hand queen's knight odds
game in Boston in April 1 885 Young was defeated by Steinitz. The game appeared on
pages 2 1 7-218 of the July 1 885 issue of The International Chess Magazine. Steinitz
described his opponent as 'one of the strongest local players' and believed that he
'would be too strong for such odds in a serious contest' .
None of the standard sources seems to contain any games between Pillsbury and
Young, but, by coincidence, Richard Lappin has just sent us a copy of a 1 972
booklet Chess Was Front Page News . . . 80 Years Ago, subtitled 'A Salute to
Harry N. Pillsbury'. This gives the following game, played before Pillsbury 'found
himself:
F.K.Young-H.N.Pillsbury, Boston, 1 893 (exact occasion ?). Ruy Lopez.
1 e4 eS 2 ltlf3 ltlc6 3 i.bS d6 4 d4 i.d7 5 0-0 f6 6 c3 ltlge7 7 ltlh4 g6 8 f4 i.g7 9 fS
gxf5 10 exf5 0-0 1 1 1!Vg4 <it>h8 12 lif3 lig8 13 lih3 .ih6 14 't!fh5 .txcl 15 �g6+
�g7 16 Wxh7 mate.
Not exactly the kind of game with which Young could have propagated his singular
teaching system.
The booklet also reproduces an article by John Barry entitled 'Chess in Boston 1 857-
1937' which has a couple of paragraphs on Young:
'Then entered Franklin K. Young, who developed until he defeated Ware in
a match and claimed the championship of New England. I believe this is the
genesis of the title.
In later years, when somewhat retired from chess in 1 892, Young began his
famous series of books on [sic] the vocabulary of military terms - a science
in which he was notably skilled for a layman. Of these books, his first Minor
Tactics is one of the finest contributions to the literature of chess and the most
orderly guide for a tyro student.' (1886)
Richard Lappin writes that a search of Young's The Grand Tactics of Chess turned up
numerous Young victories, including the following:
'I) Mackenzie-Young, Boston Chess Club, 16 June 1884.
2) P. Ware and Young-Zukertort, Boston Chess Club, 1 7 January 1884.
3) Young-Pillsbury, Boston Press Club, 26 January 1 893 (C.N. 1886)
. . . as well as draws (?) as follows:
4) Steinitz- Young, Boston Chess Club, 9 July 1 886.
5) Young-Pillsbury, Boston Press Club, 13 January 1893.
The Field Book of Chess Generalship also contains many Young victories
(unfortunately mostly undated and unplaced):
6) Young-Zukertort.
7) Mackenzie- Young, Boston Chess Club, exhibition game.
Also, the following game fragment is found:
8) Steinitz- Young (an alternatefinish, this time victorious, to the aforementioned
9 July 1886 game . . )..
It seems clear that these were exhibition games, which might account for
F.K. Y. 's reluctance to broadcast his success. I have no insight, however, into the
alternative finishes to the Steinitz- Young game. '
This last point is a curious matter. Here is the game as given on pages 443-444 of
The Grand Tactics of Chess:
W.Steinitz-F.K.Young, Boston, 9 July 1 886. King's Gambit Accepted.
1 e4 e5 2 f4 exf4 3 �f3 g5 4 .tc4 g4 5 �e5 't!lh4+ 6 ct>f1 �h6 7 d4 f3 8 �c3 fxg2+
9 �g2 't!fh3+ 1 0 <it>g1 �c6 1 1 .tfl 1!t'h4 12 .tf4 d6 13 .tg3 1!rg5 14 �c4 .tg7
15 .if2 f5 16 �d5 0-0 17 �xc7 lib8 18 c3 g3 19 hxg3 �g4 20 1!Vd2 f4 21 gxf4 1!re7
22 �d5 'W'xe4 23 .tg2 1!fg6 24 liel .te6 25 �de3 lixf4 26 .tg3
Mysteries 205
26 ... llxd4 27 cxd4 .i.xd4 28 llh4 hS 29 llxg4 1Wxg4 30 i.f2 1Wf4 31 lDdS Wxf2+
32 !fxf2 .i.xf2+ 33 �f2 llf8+ 34 '.t>g3 lDd4 3S lDxd6 lld8 36 lDe4 '.t>g7 37 lDec3
b6 38 lDf4 i.17 39 c,t>h4 <it'h6 40 lieS llg8 41 .idS llg4+ Drawn.
But on pages 1 3 8- 1 39 of Field Book of Chess Generalship, it is claimed that there was a
much prettier finish and a different result:
26 ... lDgeS 27 dxeS 1Wxg3 28 1We2 llbf8 29 exd6 .ixc4 30 lDxc4 lDd4 31 cxd4 .ixd4+
32 lDe3 llfl + 33 llxfl .ixe3+ 34 'fi'xe3 !fxe3+ 3S '.t>h2 '@eS+ 36 'ith3 llxfl 37 llxfl
!fxd6 and Black won. (1911)
Lilienthal
Harald E. Ballo draws attention to the episode related in Lilienthal's autobiography,

a German edition of which was published in 1988. Lilienthal records (page 67 of the
German edition) that before the last round of Hastings, 1934-35 he was in a position to
share 4th and 5th places with Capablanca if the Cuban won his game against Botvinnik.
In a slightly worse position, Botvinnik offered Capablanca a draw, but the latter said
he would accept only if Lilienthal agreed. Botvinnik's friend and second, Weinstein,
therefore took a taxi to the hotel to seek Lilienthal's 'permission'. Lilienthal returned
to the playing room, thanked Capablanca for his sportsmanship and agreed to the
draw. And so Lilienthal shared 5th-6th places instead of the 4th-5th he would have
shared had the Cuban won.
We would comment that, as is often the case, scrutiny of the contemporary record
creates complications. Firstly, the leading scores before the final round were: Thomas:
6\;'2. Euwe: 6. Flohr: 5 \;'2. Capablanca: 5. Botvinnik: 4 \;'2 . Lilienthal: 4\;'2. The February
1935 BCM (page 57) remarks that 'a 26 to 1 chance had to come off in this [the final]
round to bring about a triple tie. Thomas had to lose, Euwe had to draw and Flohr to
win; and it was so.' If Capablanca had beaten Botvinnik he would have finished clear
fourth with 6 points even if Lilienthal had won instead of drawing his last-round game
against Menchik. With the Cuban only drawing, Lilienthal could have finished level
with him, ahead of Botvinnik, if he had defeated Menchik. In fact, their game (with
Lilienthal as White) was drawn, to the surprise of some, after 38 moves in the following
position:
(1904)
Chap ter 7
Reviews/Commentary
Cockburn's 'idle passion'
A reader informs us:

' You will be surprised to learn that in 1967 Fischer played in an Interzonal
held in Sussex. I gleaned this from Idle Passion by Alexander Cockburn (page
1 78). Did they play the Bognor-Indian? On page 131 of the same work we are
told of the "tournament circuit: run-down seaside towns in England, such as
Bournemouth or Hastings . . . " '
Idle Passion is indeed a curious book about - well, we are not altogether sure what
it is about. A sentence we once noted down from it:
'Lasker is interesting not so much on the pathobiographical level as on the
sociocultural one.' (page 55)
It is made up of the kind of prose where it would appear that nouns, adjectives, verbs,
etc. were all inserted separately by a different member of the committee, so it comes
as a surprise to learn that Alexander Cockburn was single-handedly responsible for all
parts of speech. In fact, it turns out to be one of those unlikeable books in which a
writer slaps between two covers everything he thinks he knows about chess plus a
little bit lifted from the local public library and then tries to give the whole a special,
spurious slant - in this case presumably psychoanalysis. The trouble is that Mr
Cockburn simply does not know enough about chess to write anything worthwhile;
it's bad enough to wade through endless factual inaccuracies, but it is infuriating to
find these mistakes then used as the basis of character analysis. On page 6 1 we read
that Capablanca 'rarely played outside tournaments and matches'. Quite untrue,
naturally, since the Cuban was one of the most active players of simultaneous games.
But too late. Deep-seated reasons for Capa's 'laziness' are already under Mr Cockburn's
penetrating microscope. Thinking of Reuben Fine's efforts in this field, we are impelled
to ask why it is that writers on chess psychology always get their facts topsy-turvy.
Now there's a real question for the analyst. (197)
Larry Evans' popular journalism
The Chess Beat (Pergamon Press) is a reproduction of 300 newspaper columns written
by Larry Evans.
Popular chess journalism is not easy to enjoy or admire, based as it is on an unflatter
ing estimation of what its public will find readable. Soggy in its determination neither
to offend nor to inspire, it is generally anti-intellectual and repetitious; unbending in
its evident belief that the game itself is a bitter pill for public taste, it tries to sweeten
everything by labouring 'the human side of chess', to quote a book title by a notorious
popular journalist, Fred Reinfeld. It is believed, for instance, that giving an explanation
of Pillsbury's style is bound to bore and displease; far better to list the thirty or so
difficult words that he allegedly memorised and repeated backwards and forwards.
Reviews/ Commentary 209
That is considered An Entertaining Read. No matter that the story may or may not be
true, or that it has already been published in five hundred other places. Could not
something original be written? Not really, because popular journalists do not research.
They repeat. It is not only their columns that are syndicated. So is the very 'information'
they peddle.
Larry Evans' column, to judge from the 300 (best?) selected by Pergamon, has no
shortage of rough edges, but the contents are mostly of some interest. He is at his best
when recounting contemporary events, 1 whether it be a World Championship match or
one more instance of USCF mismanagement. He is at his most average when reviewing
books, his casualness allowing many poor titles to pass through without stricture.
He is at his worst when horowitzing or reinfelding, as in the frightful article number 120
(chirpy notes and anecdotes about the masters which are the unverifiable mainstay of
popular chess journalism).
It is depressing to find that even a seasoned grandmaster seems happier when writing
about Fischer's oddities (such as quoting B.Darrach that Fischer 'walks the way a
hen runs' - column 1 8) rather than applying his grandmasterly skills to an expla
nation of the former World Champion's chess genius. Similarly, poor old Steinitz is
fair game for Evans' knock-about style. Not only is there no discussion of Steinitz's
contribution to chess, there is not a single game by him. (There are twenty by Evans
himself.) The collection does, however, present examples galore of Steinitz's 'eccen
tricity'. (No instances of Evans' are given.) Perhaps that is what is called historical
perspective.
In some ways Larry Evans' journalism is of a superior quality. The trouble is that
although his best is very good, Evans is not very often at it. What a pity that so much
of his writing is archetypal popular chess journalism, in which the greatest chess
geniuses of all time are systematically belittled and trivialised for no reason other than
the fact that Al Horowitz wrote the same thing fifty years ago. (323)
An excellent chess film
On 23 March 1983 Antenne 2, the second French television channel, transmitted a truly
fine film on chess, Moeurs en direct: jouer sa vie by Gilles Carle and Camille Coudari,
a production of the Office National du Film du Canada and Radio-Canada.
A subtle, artistic treatment of the game, this film included much interview material
(not all specially shot) involving Karpov, Fischer, Euwe (one sentence), Fine, Timman,
Ljubojevic, etc. Karpov spoke in a way suggesting that he had been away at a rehearsal
camp for the previous three weeks; the Fischer of the late sixties and early seventies
scowled and snapped suspiciously when trapped by a reporter and - of course - gave
little away in his replies, but at least they were an improvisation. Reuben Fine has an
endearing habit of chuckling in mid-sentence as he contemplates the bons mots he
intends to deliver; in the end, however, all one catches is the chuckle. Arrabal's
contribution was quite simply unwatchable. By contrast, the researcher, Camille
Coudari, proved himself a natural performer, many of his extemporaneous observations
being remarkably acute.

The programme was graced with much archive material of the old-timers and, whilst
full of imaginative visual effects, did not shirk the technical aspects of the game.
Coudari's expose of hypermodernism was excellent. Keep an eye open for this film;
it is thoroughly enjoyable. (464)
Learn with Keres
Pergamon Press continue to bring the best of contemporary Soviet literature to the
English-speaking chess community with an absolute gem of a book, Paul Keres Chess
Master Class by I.Neishtadt. All aspects of attack, defence, counter-attack - in short,
the very meat of the game - are dealt with in eloquent detail, everything being based on
examples from Keres' actual play. Since the great Estonian possessed a style of play
virtually unsurpassed in its fiery elegance, there could hardly be a better choice of model
for the aspiring student. To gain maximum benefit the reader will have to work hard
with this book (Neishtadt understands Keres' play inside out), but it is certain that no
budding enthusiast could fail to be inspired by both the games and the notes.
A truly excellent book. The English version (by Kenneth P. Neat, of course) runs
most smoothly. Not to be missed. (626)
British Chess
Much as one might dislike criticising any book which hands over part of its royalties
to such causes as 'Friends of Women in Chess' , it has to be said that British Chess,
edited by G.S.Botterill, D.N.L.Levy, J.M.Rice and M.J.Richardson, is an absolute
dud in spades. Both in conception and execution it has gone completely awry. Plush
and well bound, it is less good on the inside, where a large number of writers, many
with nothing to say, ramble on in isolation from each other. There is much generosity
towards lesser-known figures, F. Boyd, for example, being granted five pages. He opens
up, 'I think it was while working for B.H.Wood at Sutton Coldfield . . .' B.H. who?
There is no entry for any such person - OBE or no OBE.
But the things we learn about those lucky ones who are included. Robert Bellin plays
the guitar and likes the paranormal. Rowena Bruce has three grandchildren exclamation
mark. Fairhurst's Olympiad adversaries included those well-known throat infections
Matoczy and Mikemas. David Levy notes what a good month March is for chess births:
Fischer, Larsen and Levy. (Although only he was born the same day as Einstein . . . )
Craig Pritchett achieves a double norm with the most tasteless remark in the book
which is also the biggest non sequitur: 'I always fancied girls, Reuben Fine. So much
for latent homosexuality.' Fellow masochists who look to Jon Speelman to hang, draw
and quarter the English language will join our rejoicing over ' . . . the Malta Olympiad,
with its concomitment FIDE congress . . .' Concomitment should not, of course, be
Reviews/ Commentary 21 1
confused with intermittant, which graces the entry on the next page. Incidentally, Colin
Sydenham 'usually travels to work by bus'.
Messrs Botterill and Levy exploit their seat on the editorial board to award
themselves acres of space (but at least the former writes intelligently). In fact, very
few contributors seem to have understood that personal details about their own
glorious selves generally make the most vapid reading, and the only entries that succeed
are the few that look beyond Number One to wider chess issues, though even these
are often mangled by an undiscriminating printer.
The blurb mentions that 'every British Grandmaster or International Master was
asked to select . . . and to write . . .' etc. , neatly concealing the fact that many refused
the request. In these cases, third person accounts were flown in, short and brutal so that
the subject would regret not having participated actively in the project. Here only are
we in sympathy with Pergamon Press; no doubt many courteous requests for articles
were simply ignored, at least until a time when production could not be held up any
longer. What is one to think of anyone - big wigs and small fry alike - who cannot be
bothered to offer a brief autobiographical piece for charity?
In any case, the pre-publication traumas, lack of coordination and general careless
ness show up starkly in the finished product. At nearly £ 1 5 it is not exactly a bargain,
and we only hope that the Friends of Women in Chess are not expecting to rake in a
fortune. An absolute must for every chess lover's miss list. (673)
The Companion
The Oxford Companion to Chess by David Hooper and Kenneth Whyld (Oxford
University Press, 1984).
Never have we read a chess book which brought us so much pleasure or which has
taught us so much. Brilliantly researched, it is a wonderful achievement in that trickiest
of areas, the single volume reference work. Yes, it really will appeal to everyone, from
complete novice to the most seasoned expert.
With luck The Oxford Companion to Chess will mark a new era of accuracy in chess
writing. Never has the record been set straight so often within the covers of a single
volume. 2 (848)
Fiction
A number of works of fiction have been reviewed in C.N. although The Queen's Gambit
by the late Walter Tevis is perhaps the first that deliberately aims for that category.
It traces the elevation of Beth Harmon, a prodigy in chess, drink and drugs, to the
loftiest heights of the first-named vice. The plot is implausible, the language
unmemorable. 'National Master Bruce Pandolfini' is credited by the author for
'proofreading the text and helping me rid it of errors concerning the game he plays so
enviably well', but so much of the text rings false that either B.P. did not read the
manuscript or else he knows unenviably little about the game he nationally masters.
On page 19 (of the paperback edition) it is claimed that the Sicilian is a defence to
1 P-Q4. Page 66: Morphy's unnamed opponent would hardly be called 'grandmaster'.
Page 87: 'She gave a non-threatening check to his king, and he pulled away delicately
and began advancing pawns. She stopped that handily with a pin and then feinted on
the queenside with a rook.' Pages 1 04- 105: a game begins 1 e4 c6 2 d4 d5 3 lbc3 dxe4
4 ltlxe4 ltlf6 5 ltlf3. Page 146: 'It started out as a routine Queen's Gambit Accepted;
he took the offered bishop pawn, and they both developed toward the centre.' Page
1 54: the references to chess moves are most bizarre. Page 1 63: a mention of 'Fornaut'
as the author of Alexander's book on Alekhine. Page 238: references to Shakhmatni
v USSR, Echecs Europe and, anachronistically, American Chess Bulletin. Page 283: an
improbable suggestion of 'Mate in nineteen'.
The weaving in of 'real names' makes it difficult to know whether Boloslavsky (page
1 07) is the same person as Boleslavski (pages 207 and 256). The author, who has a
side-line obsession with his heroine's stomach, tends to show insufficient ingenuity
in his artificially stylised accounts of chess tournaments (e.g. lack of draws and, in
the interests of suspense, having Beth meet all her strongest opponents in the final
ro�� m
Hugh Myers writes:

'Tevis was a successful writer (The Hustler) but only an average player (he
had a rating of about 1500). The technical flaws should have been corrected.
It's too bad he thought that a Chess Life columnist would be qualified to do that. '
(919)
'CHESS' the record
The December 1 984 Newsf/ash (page 1 3) contains a regrettable critique of the double
album 'CHESS' by B.Andersson, T.Rice and B.Ulvaeus, written by the magazine's
music correspondent, 'P.B.'. We read that 'the essential problem is that it's hardly an
entertaining tale: it's pretty intense and serious,' and that too many of the songs are
'severe, daunting . . . but just not fun'. Clearly the reviewer would have preferred
Mary Poppins II.
'CHESS' is no less 'fun' than earlier musicals about such rib-tickling subjects as
Argentine dictators and crucifixions. In fact, it is a superb production with no end of
intelligent lyrics for the discerning and plenty of 'catchy' music for others. A vast
number of aspects of the game are treated with wit, style and realistic cynicism: the
shallow patriotism and pride of locals and match organisers, to say nothing of their
greed ('all major credit cards taken of course'); the rapport between a top player and
his fans; the East-West conflict and the hypocrisy that arises in pre-match negotiations;
the question of trust between a great master and his seconds; the rigidity of arbiters;
the vulgarity of merchandisers; the Soviet Union's political record; the difficulties of
childhood for a gifted player . . . all this and some beautiful sequences about - forgive
us the Americanism - human relationships.
Anyone following Newsflash's advice to borrow someone else's copy of the double
LP before deciding whether to buy will be exercising unnecessary caution. Number:
RCA Polar PL 70500(2). (920)
Karpov's writings
Karpov's reputation as a sportsman is currently straggling on the back rank,3 but his
recent Pergamon book Chess at the Top (translated, needless to say, by K . P.Neat) is a
reminder that he is an entertaining annotator. The notes are fairly extensive and the
World Champion (if that is what he still is) is not chary about admitting error ('! began
playing rather superficially . . . I began engaging in unnecessary subtleties') or about
praising a distasteful adversary ('In a difficult position Korchnoi defends resourcefully.
Few understood the point of this move, and it was only later that I appreciated its
virtues.') Most of the games (they cover the period 1979- 1984) are well known,
inevitably, but we had seen few of them before with Karpov's notes.
If Chess at the Top is good without being remarkable, Learn from Your Defeats is
bad without being excusable. We do not wish to dwell too much on Batsford's most
unfortunate production; other critics have already catalogued its defects. How is either
Karpov or the reader to learn anything from a game such as the eighty-five-move
meeting with Balashov (Rostov-on-Don, 1980), which has a single (fourteen-word)
note? Karpov's loss to Ribli at Amsterdam the same year is showered with one seven
word note at move twenty and one variation ('40 . . . llxf2 fails to 4 1 ll:ld8.'). His defeat
by Garcia Palermo (Mar del Plata, 1 982) in 57 moves is annotated with one bare
comment, after move 27: ' We could have repeated the position three times here, result
ing in a draw.' (Dubious grammar, too . . . )
Some games are annotated by other masters, which raises questions about the extent
of Karpov's involvement in the book; in his notes to one game (page 57) Larsen writes:
'Somewhere, maybe move 1 7 , Karpov gave a3 as better. ' The fact that this vague
statement exists in a book that purports to be by Karpov clearly suggests the Soviet
player took a back seat.
The standard of the English translation is about the most feeble we have seen. For
instance, here is how three of the chapters open: 1978: 'Quite a bit has been written
about this long, gruelling and nervous match.' 1980: 'I played quite a bit this year . . .'
1 982: 'This year I played quite a bit . . .' Translator: Eric Schiller.
Had it been handled with care, a similar project could have led to a fine book since
the idea of giving Karpov's losses and his later victories against the same opponents is
good in itself. To work, however, detailed, personalised notes would be indispensable.
For Batsford to give their book a general title that may attract the reader hoping for
guidance in improving his own play is sheer impertinence. (975)
Another chess film
With a major musical and a prestige film about chess, the game is doing well for general
publicity.
La Diagonale du Fou (Dangerous Moves) concerns a World Championship match
between an ageing Petrosian/Karpov figure and a dynamic dissident apparently based
on Korchnoi/Fischer. Although without a fraction of the wit, charm and depth of the
musical 'CHESS', it is enjoyable and gripping enough for an outsider's view.
The fine photography shows that Geneva is as photogenic as ever, but the film also
illustrates how difficult it is to ensure realism when presenting chess to a wide public.
The moves are played at such speed that one might think it a match for the world blitz
title, while the idea of the world's top two players informing each other when a move
gives check is also difficult to accept. There is ample opportunity to get to know the
audience, which appears glued to the same seats throughout the match. The challenger
has a bizarre second who, t hough capable of instantly spotting a mate in seven, does
not know the name of the opening that begins 1 e4 e5 2 ltlf3 ltlc6 3 c3. Perhaps he
was preoccupied with writing an illicit book on the match. (1014)
Another Karpov book
After the disastrous Learn from Your Defeats Batsford have published another book
under Karpov's name, Miniatures from the World Champions. Harry Golombek, in
The Times of 6 July 1985, declared himself 'disappointed and dismayed' by it, adding
that it 'turns out to be written by one Eugene Gik and rewritten to a certain extent by
the world champion'.
Leaving aside the question of authorship (on which we have no information, only
suspicions), we must admit that it is a difficult book to assess. There is some deep
material (i.e. the Bird-Morphy analysis in chapter one) but most of the rest is super
ficial. Capablanca is supposed to be Karpov's greatest hero, yet the relevant chapter
contains nothing that is not to be found many times over in the standard works on the
Cuban (e.g. the Panov collection).
Not all the games are miniatures, even by the book's own generous ceiling of thirty
moves; nor. are all by World Champions. At least the translator is K.P.Neat and not Eric
Schiller.
Since the book deals almost exclusively with familiar material one would not expect
factual errors. However: Page 3: Mar6czy's was hardly the first book on Morphy, which
Batsford should know, having published a reprint of Lowenthal's earlier one. Page 17:
A quote which Pillsbury wrote 'in his autobiography'. What autobiography?? Pages 43-
44: Three times the 1 9 1 6 Lasker-Tarrasch match has the incorrect label 'world champion
ship', even though just before there is a reference to 'their unofficial return match'.
Page 60: Alekhine was not awarded 'the' brilliancy prize for his New York, 1927 game
against Marshall. Page 63: It is not mentioned that the Alekhine-Mindeno game is from
a simultaneous exhibition or, more importantly, that the combination is unsound. (See
CHESS, August 1975, page 328, or the BCM, February 1 983, page 69.) Page 66:
regarding Nottingham, 1936: 'It is difficult to recall another event with the simultaneous
participation of five chess kings . . .' What is one to make of such a statement given that
Karpov himself, as mentioned in C.N. 285, has participated in two such events?4
Readers will decide for themselves whether a) Karpov is guilty of a double oversight or
b) the above quote supports Harry Golombek's claim that Karpov is not the real author
of Miniatures. Page 70: The Alekhine-Consultants game was not played in Poland but
in Palma de Mallorca. Page 123: 'soon after' with reference to the Fischer miniature
should read 'shortly before'. Etc. etc . . .
As we wrote in the August 1 984 CHESS (page 1 14): 'The mysterious function of
the major companies' chess advisers is all too often apparently restricted to providing
commercial counsel rather than verifying accuracy or finding somebody who will.'
But even if somebody at Batsford had done a proper job on factual matters, would
Miniatures from the World Champions have merited publication? With the exception of
a few pieces of substantial analysis the book could have been put together by almost
anybody. (1027)
Hundred Best Blunders
In the October 1976 CHESS, pages 1 0- 12, we drew attention to the fact that the
tournament and match charts included in Capablanca's Hundred Best Games of Chess
by Harry Golombek were riddled with errors. It might, however, be added that
du Mont's 'Memoir of Capablanca' in that book is also a fiasco, as is shown by the
following examples: Page 1 : (final paragraph), for twelve read thirteen. Page 2: The
1927 World Championship match had 25, not 2 1 , draws. Page 2� Capa lost the match at
the age of thirty-nine, not thirty-eight. Page 2: The A VRO tournament was in 1938, not
1937. Page 3: Wrong score of the Corzo match. Page 9: There were 1 0, not 14, draws in
the 1921 Lasker match. Page 10: New York, 1927 did not decide a challenger for Capa's
title. Page 10: At New York, 1 927 Capa was 2 \11, not 3 \t1, points ahead of Alekhine.
Page 1 1 : Capablanca and Alekhine played two, not three, exhibition games. Page 1 2:
The Semmering tournament was in 1 937, not 1935. Page 1 2 : At AVRO, 1938 Alekhine
was 46 (just) and not 47. Page 1 3 : Capa played sixteen games at the 1 939 Buenos Aires
Olympiad, not ten. Page 1 3 : He did not die of a heart attack. Page 1 6: It is not correct
that Capa wrote only three books. Page 1 7 : In Chess Fundamentals the Cuban gave six,
not eight, of his losses. Nor were these 'the whole of his lost games up to that time'.
Together with the mistakes pointed out in the CHESS article, the above is clear proof
of gross carelessness, but some more general questions arise. The book has been
reprinted many times since its first appearance in 1947, so why have the necessary
corrections never been made? If it was considered too expensive or impractical to make
them, could not at least an errata sheet have been issued?
A three-quarters version, copyright 1977 by Walter de Gruyter & Co., was published
under the title J.R. Capablanca 75 seiner schonsten Partien, 'ubersetzt und bearbeitet von
R. Teschner'. Now, surely here the opportunity would be taken to set the record straight.
Not at all; two or three of the most obvious errors are rectified (Semmering, 193 7;
AVRO, 1938) but that is about it.
The only possible conclusion from the above is that author, memoir writer,
publishers and translator have all failed to carry out their tasks responsibly. It is
alarming to think that for a long time Capablanca's Hundred Best Games of Chess was
considered to be the standard work on the Cuban and that many statisticians, retro
graders, etc. must have based their calculations on its laughably inaccurate facts and
figures.5 (1080)
Commentary
As the (London) Sunday Telegraph of 30 November 1 986 so attentively and laconically

reported: 'Senhor Florencio Campomanes, of Brazil, was elected unopposed in Dubai
yesterday to a second term as president of the International Chess Federation when his
opponent withdrew.' Nationality apart, the news will have surprised only those whose
campaign reading had been dominated by the proclamations of Senhor Campomanes'
opponents; recipients of the November 1986 Chess Life, for instance, where Mr David
Levy had assured a clueless interviewer:
'My numbers are accurate, and I have related them truthfully. If we lose, it
will be because those who made commitments violated them. But right now
I find it utterly inconceivable that we can lose this election.'
Raymond Keene OBE was hardly more cautious in the various campaign interviews
he bestowed upon CHESS, news flash, Die Schachwoche, etc. David Levy himself was
the interviewer in CHESS, but cynics who thought that as Mr Keene's campaign
manager and brother-in-law he might give the prospective FIDE General Secretary
an easy ride were swiftly humbled: 'Why is it that you have been so much more success
ful than other people?', Levy badgered. To cope with the grilling, Raymond Keene
resorted to low-key intellectuality, barely different from the following: 'I am
absolutely and totally convinced that a host of federations throughout the entire world
are queueing up and flocking to pledge their total support for the candidacy of Lincoln
Lucena, with whom I am in total agreement and am strongly supporting . . . amazing
enthusiasm . . . I am unswervingly committed to overthrowing the totally disastrous
dictator Campomanes . . . summoned to Moscow at the very precise exact moment
when Kasparov had just won two in a row . . . CACDEC solely administered by the
President . . . fervent devotee of Marcos' political speeches . . . do something great for
British chess . . . Kasparov, a towering genius who is utterly pledged to ousting the
international mafia . . . fight to the death . . . prestigious Chess Life . . . London, the
de luxe chess capital of the world . . . brilliant organisation of the match in London
. . . attracting enormous sponsorship . . . luxury accommodation for FIDE pledged
by the sumptuous Docklands . . . sponsors falling over themselves to pledge money
. . . I've personally raised a million pounds for chess . . . catastrophic chaos in the
chess world . . . a deluge of unanimous and total support pledged by the BCF . . .
Reviews/ Commentary 21 7
a massive host of leading grandmasters throughout the entire world flocking to queue
up in droves to pledge a flood of absolute and total support . . . '
There was more of the same in the 24 October issue of newsflash (another inquisition),
but one could see it coming. Back in July 1 986 Mr Keene, in his capacity as Publicity
Director, had proposed to the BCF that responsibility for the magazine be transferred
to the Publicity Directorate. The Federation accepted the scheme, and David Goodman
(an entirely different brother-in-law) was promptly named Editor. For good measure
Mr Keene's sister, Jacqueline Levy, became Assistant Editor. The benefits soon
accrued. One news flash lead story (complete with large photograph) concerned how
Mr Keene had, on behalf of the BCF (of which he is Publicity Director), presented
Thames TV with a special award for its programmes (of which he was adviser) about
the K-K match (of which he was co-organiser). Somehow the magazine made all this
sound the most natural thing in the world. Earlier, newsflash had given an account of
his electioneering. Or, as the report more genteelly termed it, 'Ray Keene is currently
on a goodwill tour of the Caribbean. '
While 'Mother Teresa' was ministering to the Caribs, the Dictator (so the November
Chess Life suggested) was indulging in 'arm-twisting'. On a less physical plane,
Campomanes made only one notable contribution to the Press (in the November
CHESS - sent out when everything was over). The British Gentleman, however, was
to be found philanthropising in print almost everywhere. In the May BCM he set the
tone with a declaration of unswerving principle: 'Honesty and openness is always the
best policy!' He wrote a letter to Europe Echecs promising that 'M. Lucena et moi-meme
defendrons votre langue comme langue officiel/e de Ia FIDE . . . Personnel/ement, j'ai
grand plaisir a pratiquer votre langue. ' ('Mr Lucena and I shall defend your language
as an official language of FID E . . . Personally I have the great pleasure of speaking your
language.') A nd the final clinching pledge: 'nous souhaitons que les pays comme Ia
France deviennent tres forts. ' (Campomanes no doubt wants countries like France to
become very weak, and says so in a thick Brazilian accent.) After speedy 'salutations
cordiales' to the Francophones, Raymond Keene was off across to issue 33 of Die
Schachwoche, where, family unavailable, he gave an interview to the Dutch journalist
Jules Welling. He explained the philosophy behind his General Secretary candidacy:
'I'm not interested in being President, that is more a representative function and
Lincoln can manage it better, he's not as fat as I am - I would be glad to start work
instantly to remove the Campomanes ruins.'
But would most of the 1 20-odd federations be glad for him to? Incomprehensibly,
the majority were still declining to flock to do something great for British chess; com
mitments were doubtless being violated as a result of the annoyingly well-researched
and well-argued FIDE Facts sheets. Mr Keene fell back on the old stratagem of taking
a week or two off from his Spectator column, allowing David Spanier to wave the
banner there on his behalf. He also made one last-ditch attempt from Dubai to get an
Airline Ticket Scandal off the ground in his Times Olympiad reports - but to no avail.
The prospect of facing the Dictator in a vote-count was too much for the D emocrat;6
Lincoln Lucena backed out and returned home to the Philippines after assuring the
world that he had no wish to exacerbate any differences that might exist within FIDE
- as if anyone had ever considered Lucena/Keene capable of that.
The only thing now required was a brave face, and Mr Levy (in the following
Monday's Daily Telegraph ) dutifully provided it. He explained how the utterly
inconceivable had come to pass: 'We came very close to winning, but once the Russians
had made up their minds, we had no chance.' Blaming the Commies was doubtless the
best bet; perhaps no-one would remember that in the November Chess Life Mr Levy
had said it would not matter if the Eastern bloc voted for Campomanes since other
gains would 'more than offset such a loss'.
Compelled to inform his Times and Spectator readers that the Lucena/Keene dream
ticket had folded, Mr Keene also adopted t he most sensible course. He talked only
about Lucena's failure, making no reference to his own involvement. The running mate
had run. The 5 December news flash also obligingly omitted Mr Keene's name in its
report on how Lucena had conceded victory to 'a tired-looking Campomanes'. He had
probably had a difficult day dictating disastrously.
It only remained for the record to be set straight by the victims ofMr Keene's various
goodwill untruths. A start was made in issue 993-994 of CHESS, which included
refutations of his 'wild statements' from no fewer than four people. Or, as the thwarted
Gentleman himself would more elegantly put it, a host of prestigious commentators
were queueing up and falling over themselves to deluge CHESS with a mass of entirely
justified corrections of the completely false accusations made during an utterly
disastrous and totally catastrophic campaign. (1324)
'!'he expression 'post-campaign sour grapes' is certainly not to be applied to Mr Keene,

whose dignity and graciousness in defeat are there for all to behold:
1) In The Spectator of 1 5 August 1 987 (page 44) Mr Keene declared:
'Many (including Kasparov) believed that the forthright Scandinavian
[Larsen] would have made the most effective opponent to Campomanes in
last year's FIDE presidential election.'
2) In The Times of 14 October 1987 (page 5 , not all editions) he said:
'I am not overjoyed with the BCF. I think they are old-fashioned. I think
that chess could become as popular as snooker and with the people in charge
at the moment it cannot be done.'
3) Also in The Times (see The Super Clash, page 1 83) he wrote:
'FIDE has more than 1 24 member nations. Many of them are mere chess
illiterates but all have a vote and they were solidly behind Campomanes in his
(election) campaign.'
4) In The Spectator of 18 April 1987 (page 44) Mr Keene stated, regarding Bessel Kok,
the organiser of the SWIFT tournament in Brussels:
'Many of them [of whom? - he doesn't say] are already referring to Kok as
the de facto head of FIDE - even though he has no official post.'
One has every sympathy for Mr Keene in his electoral disappointment. Burdened
with the unanimous endorsement of the antiquated and ineffective British Chess
Federation, he unsuccessfully campaigned with the second-rate Lucena for the votes of
federations whose opinions were worthless, only to discover that Campomanes was
then surreptitiously dethroned by someone else. (1553)
Openings literature
It is not possible for us to monitor the full deluge of openings books, but from time
to time we shall pick a recent opening monograph and inspect it from the point of
view of historical research.
Although the series threatens to make depressing reading, the first title selected,
Budapest Gambit by Otto Borik (Batsford), should have given every reason for
optimism: a) The Budapest Gambit is a compact little domain, which facilitates
research. b) The Batsford edition is a translation of a German book published in 1985,
and could thus benefit from any constructive criticism given to the original. c) No Eric
Schiller.
Yet the book's historical research is virtually zero. Page 43 has a game headed
'Alekhine-Seitz, Baden-Baden 1 925'. Two minutes would have sufficed to establish
that Seitz did not play at Baden-Baden, with perhaps a further two needed to clarify that
Black was actually Rabinovich. Page 93 quotes the opening of 'Ladmann-Tartakower',
Scarborough, 1 929. Ladmann should be H.A.Cadman, as given in the September 1 929
issue of Kagans Neueste Schachnachrichten (pages 294-297) and My Best Games of Chess
1905-1930 (page 2 12), both of which feature Tartakower's own annotations. Consulting
the crosstable of Scarborough, 1929 in volume four of Gaige's series would have been
another way of avoiding this mistake (and 'Alekhine-Seitz').
But if Borik did not scrutinise old tournament books and magazines for Budapest
games, did he at least make full use of earlier books on the opening? Remarkably
enough, the answer is no. Although he frequently refers to a minor 1 982 book by
J.Staker, it is clear that he does not have the basic work on the opening: Teoria e Prdtica
do Gambito Budapeste by F.A.Vasconcellos (published in Juiz de Fora, Brazil in 1 966).
This is shown by a misspelling and slight misquotation on page 53, where Borik says,
'According to Vasconsellos [sic] in "Staker" Black could equalise here . . .' Then
on page 38 Borik, referring to the game Egli-Bauer, comments that Staker 'has dug
it up from somewhere'. Yet the game is in Vasconcellos.
Ignorance will out. Pages 40 and 41 twice refer to an American theorist called
'Mayers'. Borik neglects a series of four detailed articles on the Budapest in the 1926
Wiener Schachzeitung by such fribbles as Andreas Steiner, Hans MUller, Stefan Abonyi
and Hans K moch. And on page 57 he gives the line 1 d4 �f6 2 c4 e5 3 dxe5 �g4
4 't!fd5 �c6 5 f4 �b4 6 "We4 .ic5 7 �h3 0-0 8 �c3 f5 9 exf6 �xf6 10 "Wb1 d5 1 1 a3
�c6 12 cxd5 �xd5 13 1Va2 .ie6 'with advantage to Black ECO'. So Borik is not
-
familiar with another cornerstone of Budapest literature; the identical line (even carried
on to move 1 9) appeared on pages 9- 1 1 of Schlechter's Die Budapester Verteidigung des
Damengambits, published seventy years ago. (1401)
Gaige
Chess Personalia, A Biobibliography, compiled and edited by Jeremy Gaige, is a huge

volume published by McFarland & Company, Inc.
About 14,000 chess personalities past and present are featured in this awe-inspiring
book. From Erkki Aaltio to Adolf Zytogorski, each entry aims to give the date and
place of birth and, where appropriate, death. A selection of newspaper, magazine and
book sources is cited, as are FIDE titles, Elo historical ratings, etc. To take one entry at
random:
'Bogoljubow, Efim Dimitrijewitsch
born: 14 April 1889 Stanislavitsk/Kiev, USSR
died: 18 June 1952 Triberg, Federal Republic of Germany
GM 195 1
Elo Historical Rating: 2610
American Chess Bulletin, 1 952, page 72
British Chess Magazine, 1952, pages 253-254
Caissa, 1952, pages 1 33- 1 34
Chess Pie No. 1 , 1922, pages 8- 10
Chess Review, 1 952, page 200
Chess Career of E.D.Bogoljubow by Jack Spence
Deutsche Schachzeitung, 1952, pages 224-225
Deutsche Schachbliitter, 1952, pages 1 1 5- 1 16
Grossmeister Bogoljubow by Alfred Brinckmann
Tep/itz-Schonau 1922, pages 567-568.'
His date of birth is marked to indicate that it has been converted to the Gregorian
Calendar (New Style).
As an indication of the vast scope of the book: how many chess players whose
surnames begin with Z could the average enthusiast recite? Gaige lists over 250.
The value of such data is enormous, and the book is particularly valuable for the
details it provides on relatively minor figures. If the reader wishes to know the exact
date and place of death of Henry Gro b (of 1 g4 fame), it is unlikely that he will find the
correct information anywhere other than in Chess Personalia (3 July 1974, at Zollikon,
Switzerland, the source of this information being Stadtarchiv ZUrich). In countless
cases the entrants themselves, or their next of kin, have been contacted for authoritative
biographical information. For old players an astonishing array of journals is quoted;
for Sarratt we are referred to page 307 of the 1 8 19 Bell's Weekly Messenger and the
14 November 1 8 19 issue of the London Observer.
Chess Personalia is a brilliant achievement. It will prove indispensable not just to
historians and journalists but also to clubs, federations, libraries and players, composers,
etc. There are precious few books which we would recommend to our readers as
indispensable, but Chess Personalia is definitely one of them. 7
That Jeremy Gaige finds the time and energy for so much high-quality research is
almost miraculous; he stands supreme as chess's greatest ever archivist. (1491)
Child of Change
Child of Change by Garry Kasparov with Donald Trelford (published by Hutchinson)

is, technically, a highly professional piece of work which is sure to be a best-seller.

'Never before has a Soviet superstar spoken so frankly and openly about his life and
ideas . . .', says the dust-jacket. The book is everything one has come to expect of
Kasparov: passionate, supercharged and challenging, yet immature, speculative and
deceptive.
For some reason journalists have always refrained from asking him awkward
questions. Interviewers bounteously. purvey opportunities for him to attack his
supposed enemies, and Kasparov can deliver a headline-snatching diatribe at the drop
of a leading question. But his squalls are those of a man unaccustomed to being
contradicted and unaware that 'freedom of expression' involves the responsibility of
trying to get things right. Before examining in detail Kasparov's new book, it is
worthwhile looking at an extract from a typical interview. It appeared on page 38
of Le Figaro of 28 April 1987:
'Question: Who would you not like to see act as chief arbiter and members
of the appeals jury in your forthcoming World Championship match?
Kasparov: I don't have any personal enemies, but I do not approve of people
who compromise themselves. Since childhood I have always been hostile to
any kind of Fascism. I would therefore like to have persons above reproach,
without criminal ties with FIDE's Fascist method of operating. This kind
of Fascism is unacceptable. A human being is born with his own brain and
heart, and he has to be entitled to freedom of expression, in the democratic
way. Human rights have to be respected.
Question: Aren't you afraid that the "forces" which you often criticise may be
used against you in one way or another?
Kasparov: What forces? They are like zombies, ghosts, or ogres in fairy tales.
They have gone away for good, like witches on their flying broomsticks. This
is 1987, not 1 985. Everything that Mikhail Gorbachov has been saying is
what I've been doing for the past two years already. No matter how much
some might regret the past, it's gone forever. These people are clinging to
their old privileges, but they don't measure up in front of a chessboard.'
Instead of pressing Kasparov to explain words like 'criminal', 'corruption' and
'Fascist', journalists nod and publish. It makes good copy. If Kasparov were asked to
identify the members of the oft-mentioned 'international mafia', it would spoil all the
fun.
After getting away with such interviews for years, Kasparov could hardly be
expected to produce a dialectical autobiography. Despite its repeated use of the
word 'truth', Child of Change is the careless and untrustworthy book that all the cosily
venomous interviews presaged. Kasparov refuses, or is unable, to supply evidence, and
bases his assertions on malevolent guesswork; as early as page 3 he describes the
'day of shame in the history of chess' ( 1 5 February 1985, Termination Day):
'There was an unscheduled and unexplained delay. At one point on the video,
which I often play back to myself, there is a revealing camera shot of a Soviet
official peeping through the curtains to check that I really was there in the
audience, for this meant they had to change their plans and announce
something different from what they had intended to say.'
The obvious questions here are how Kasparov knows what this peeper was doing and
thinking, and what evidence he has for the change-of-plan charge. Although this
anonymous figure behind the curtains could just have been counting heads for lunch,
he manages to obsess Kasparov, who goes over the same ground again on page 1 34:
'There is a video of all this, made by the American network ABC, who gave
me a copy. I look at it whenever I feel the need to get fired up again about
Campo and the others who have tried to get in my way. The cameras were
rolling as soon as I arrived, before the press conference itself. It recorded the
chaos caused by my arrival, including a most revealing shot of someone
peeping through the curtains to make sure, when the bad news reached them,
that I was really there.'
A subsidiary point here: how strange that Kasparov, whose book evinces a loathing
for everything Campomanes says and does, still has to resort to artificial anger
inspiring stimulants such as an old VCR. A bonus when he feels 'the need to get fired up'
is the availability of a freeze-frame function on his video recorder: 'Every time I freeze
Campo's face on the screen at that moment, his expression that of a hunted ferret, . . . '
(page 3). After such disclosures it will be no surprise if Reuben Fine rushes out a new
edition of The Psychology of the Chess Player.
The book contains a hundred and one pieces of truculence and vituperation. A
typical piece of 'reasoning' is on page 202, concerning the sixteenth game of the third
Karpov match:
'As I made the killing pawn-thrust against his king at move 4 1 , I caught sight
of Karpov's tall blonde girl friend, Natasha, hurrying out of the hall. It was
rumoured that he had promised to marry her when he regained the world
title, which may have accounted for her sudden departure when once again
she saw the prospect of wedlock receding. They have since got married, which
may suggest that they are tired of waiting.'
Leaving aside the question of the real move (his forty-first was not a pawn thrust),
one notes Kasparov's reliance on rumours, and the illogicality of his have-it-both-ways
final sentence. It is just one of countless instances of barrel-scraping. Throughout
the book, he displays an unpleasant liking for infantile name-calling. For example,
by page 2 1 3 the 'hunted ferret' is smiling 'like a cunning Cheshire cat' . (Incidentally,
on page 135 Kasparov even argues that running the World Championship is what the
FIDE President 'mainly exists to do'. Hardly.)
Kasparov's technique is to attack so hard that defence will not be necessary. Whether
through foolishness or naivety, he seems unaware that his harangues about the need
for truth and sincerity in the chess world will cut little ice so long as he attacks
unscrupulously and undiscerningly (the old 'Campomanes' gold mine in South Africa'
accusation, now refuted, has been quietly buried without an apology) and as long as
he continues his political and literary associations with individuals (one individual in
particular) whose untruths can be, and have been, repeatedly proved as a matter of
public record.
The greatest gulp and guffaw provided by the book comes on page 1 25 , when
Kasparov comments regarding the Termination:
'The final truth about this match, I believe, is as Grandmaster Keene
reported it.'
Having said something nice about Grandmaster Keene, he proceeds (as on many
occasions in the book) to quote Grandmaster Keene saying something nice about him.
Naturally, there is not a word about Grandmaster Keene's telex to Campomanes
advocating termination, or all the concomitant falsehoods and inconsistencies (such
as those which have been documented in C.N. ). That is the other side of Kasparov's
technique: no sense of obligation to mention, let alone try. to refute, awkward facts.
To give just one more example: during the 1986 FIDE presidential campaign, the
FIDE Facts sheets played a vital role in destroying the credibility of the challengers,
Keene/Lucena, by accurate and fair quotation of their own words. Kasparov, of
course, does not dare attempt a rebuttal of the arguments, and makes do, on page 2 1 2,
with a vague, unsubstantiated reference to the distribution of 'material about Lucena
in a form that was virtually unreadable'. (On the same page we see with what good
grace Kasparov accepted three gold medals at the Dubai Olympiad: 'As my medals
were presented to me they felt like pieces of tin rattling round the neck of a dog.')
His treatment of the Termination episode contains little in the way of facts ('The full
story may never be known, because there were many conversations in which I never
took part - from which, in fact, I was carefully excluded - and which the participants
will doubtless want to keep secret . . . I set out my own theories below.' - page 1 27). And
that is what they are: theories or slanted conjecture. His views on Karpov's state of
health towards the end of the match are peculiar and self-contradictory. On page 1 24
he rejects the claim that Karpov was sick, emphasising the quality of game forty-eight,
and on page 143 he writes: 'The people around him [Karpov] attributed my late
victories to the fact that he was so exhausted, but Karpov knew better. He knew it was
my chess that was beating him.' But on page 1 25 Kasparov states that his opponent
'had exhausted his strength', and on page 130 says that 'Karpov was in no state to
go on without the serious risk of defeat'. One can appreciate Kasparov's quandary;
going too far down the ' Karpov ill' road would devalue his own achievement of winning
games forty-seven and forty-eight. Despite that, Kasparov confirms that he himself
was the one to call a time-out on 1 1th February 'because I needed it . . . after all the
excitement, I needed time to draw breath' (pages 1 3 1- 1 32), although it is hard to
understand why if he really thought his opponent was 'in no state to go on'.
Kasparov confirms his earlier declarations that 'I would have been ready for an end
to the match right at the start of the negotiations - if they had accepted me as an equal
partner and had offered me acceptable terms' (page 1 28), but later approvingly quotes
Raymond Keene's statement that 'no decision was necessary, since the match was
proceeding according to regulations and these s hould have been allowed to run their
course' (page 1 55). On page 133, he writes: 'I assumed the original FIDE proposal
to stop now and start afresh in September - was what we were talking about. In a way
this wasn't so bad for me. I was sure I would win the second match. I had become
much wiser than at the beginning of this one. And to start playing again at nil-nil was
better than five-three against.' Isn't that what happened?
The crucial discrepancy or misunderstanding is again shown to have occurred in the
early-February meeting between Kasparov and Kinzel, who have given divergent
accounts of the circumstances in which Kasparov stated he would accept immediate
termination of the match. Borrowing Tim man's comment (without acknowledgement),
Kasparov writes (page 1 29): 'Because I offer a draw at five-two it doesn't mean that
Karpov can accept it later when the score becomes five-three.' One could retort that
Karpov didn't 'accept it', but the central point here is that a willingness at five-two to
entertain the possibility of termination can hardly be transferred into outright rejection
of the principle just because one further game has gone in his favour. Kasparov says
that his statement to Kinzel was 'a tactical mistake' (page 1 28) and reveals (page 1 30)
his 'entirely reasonable' counter-proposals to Kinzel for stopping the match: 'Karpov
should renounce his world title, and he should declare that he was at the end of his
physical resources.' Campomanes has been much criticised for judging health questions
without consulting a doctor. Whom did Kasparov consult?
It is now established that when Kinzel wanted to telephone Campomanes in Dubai he
used Gligoric as an interpreter since he had no common language with the FIDE
President. At first, it will be recalled, the Keene/Goodman/Batsford movement falsely
claimed that Karpov, or Karpov's camp, had made the call.8 Although Kasparov
(page 1 3 1 ) accepts that it was Gligoric who telephoned, he remarks that an arbiter
should not have 'initiated moves' of this kind. For that argument to have any weight
it is necessary to conceal the fact that Gligoric acted as an interpreter. Kasparov ·
conceals it.
On Termination Day, however, few knew that all these discussions had been going
on for over two weeks. In particular, hardly anyone was aware of the Kinzel-Kasparov
negotiations. This promoted the widespread impression that Campomanes' decision
was 'arbitrary', and the FIDE President did little to help quell suspicions. Neither the
question of whether Campomanes was right or wrong to stop the match (our own
agnosticism has never been firmer) nor the repeated falsehoods written by his
opponents in their press monopoly outlets can alter the fact that Termination Day
in Moscow was a shambles for which Campomanes must take full blame.
Page 1 3 5 records the scene after Campomanes' press conference announcement
that a new match would start from scratch in September 1 985:
'There was a great deal of shuffling and noise in the audience at this news.
The video tape shows my trainers and myself talking and laughing among
ourselves. '
The question here is why i t does not show Kasparov red with rage. Only later, when
Karpov joined Campomanes on the platform, did Kasparov show anger, claiming
that the occasion was being stage-managed.
At the subsequent private meeting, Kasparov reports (page 142), 'Karpov didn't
want to sign' a document agreeing to stop the match, but was persuaded to do so by
Sevastyanov (or Sevestyanov, as the book spells his name). Back in front of the
cameras, Campomanes announced that Karpov 'accepted' the termination decision

(while Kasparov 'abided' by it). Kasparov quotes this on page 143, yet by page 147
and page 148 there is a distortion even less subtle than most of the others in this sorry
book: he misquotes Campomanes as having said on that occasion that 'Karpov supports
the decision.' Thus Kasparov replaces 'accepts' (a word whose connotations are
neutral or, even, imply reluctance) by 'supports' (a word which indicates positive
agreement, and therefore more useful for Kasparov's side of the story). 'But remember:
Karpov supported it [the decision],' he emphasises on page 149, compounding the
error.
Kasparov's account does not dispute - but nor does it acknowledge - that Campo
manes rejected the USSR Chess Federation's request (dated 1 3 February) for a
suspension of the match, and also dismissed the ridiculous termination conditions
apparently suggested at one stage by Karpov (pages 1 28- 1 29). Yet Kasparov still says
(page 1 49) that 'the match was ended artificially totally in accordance with Karpov's
wishes. '
Here i s a further piece of distortion from Kasparov, where, for once (page 149),
he refers to documentary evidence, Karpov's letter to Campomanes (dated 19 February
1985):
'In his letter to Campomanes, Karpov says something that is certainly true:
". . . he [Kasparov] is displeased because he was intentionally [my italics]
deprived of the right to compete for the world title." He couldn't have put it
better.'
The reader is thus given to understand that Karpov was agreeing with the validity
of Kasparov's grievance. But what Karpov really wrote to the FIDE President was
rather different:
'As you know on February 1 5 1985 both the players have expressed their
strong wish and ability to continue playing till the final result provided for
in the regulations approved by the FIDE Congress. For me, personally, this
possibility is necessary in order to once again prove my adherance [sic] to
the principles of sports competition over the chessboard. The challenger has
his own arguments: he is complaining of being deliberately deprived of his
right to compete for the highest title.'
Source: photocopy of Karpov's letter, which appeared as Annex 1 0 (4) to the FIDE
Circular Letter of 1 1 March 1985. Conclusion: Kasparov has taken the phrase out of
context and altered the wording according to his own exigencies.
Other points, briefly. The autobiography wastes considerable space on general
historical snippets which will be familiar to almost everybody. Even Pillsbury's list
of memorised words is re-served (page 82), as is the untrue statement (page 1 08) that
Capablanca fell asleep during the 1 927 match with Alekhine. A rare spelling, or
proof-reading, error: the author of The Queen's Gambit was Walter Tevis, not Trevis
(page 50), while on page 1 24 the title of Karpov's Learn from Your Defeats book is
given incorrectly. The absence of an index is a serious omission.
Some of the early chapters of Child of Change are interesting, and there is a rich
selection of old photographs from the family album. No doubt a paperback edition will
appear in due course, but if Kasparov really wishes to continue beating the glasnost/
truth drum, this book will need to be rewritten from cover to cover.9 (1491)
Searching for Bobby Fischer
When a literary figure as eminent as Tom Stoppard calls a chess book 'well written' and
'captivating' (The Observer, 2 April 1989, page 45) there is little room for argument.
And when an ex-prodigy such as Nigel Short praises that same book for its realism
and honesty (The Spectator, 8 April 1989, pages 30-3 1 ) the matter must be considered
settled. Sure enough, Fred Waitzkin's Searching for Bobby Fischer (Random House
and Bodley Head) is an enchantingly truthful account of the career of his young
chess-playing son, Josh.
Waitzkin Senior clinically dissects his own and other people's actions, quirks and
motivations. 'It's an odd position for a father to be caddy and coach for his three
and-a-half foot, sitting, brooding, son,' he writes on page 4. His own interest in chess
resulted from the 'Fischer explosion' of the early 1970s, and he started playing in
Greenwich Village: 'On that first occasion, I played against a pimply adolescent who
after twenty minutes caught on to my methodical bob-and-weave style and began
to read a newspaper' - page 1 3 . Young Josh takes lessons from Bruce Pandolfini,
an appreciated coach but, on the personal front, reliable only for his unreliability,
and F.W. faithfully relates t he pleasures and frustrations of life on the chess circuit.
He reports many insiders' remarks, such as the one of an international master obliged
to support himself by taking on menial jobs: 'I can't make a living from chess, but I've
devoted so much time to the game that I have no other marketable skill' (page 1 6). From
page 58: ' Professional players in the United States are bitter about their poverty and
lack of recognition, but they don't do much to improve their image. Failure seems
to beget more failure. Even at the best tournaments the players are a ragtag group,
sweaty, gloomy, badly dressed, gulping down fast food, defeated in some fundamental
way.'
As the chess skill of Josh, a delightful child, develops, he is taken to the Soviet Union
by his father and Pandolfini during the first Karpov-Kasparov match. The account
is forceful and chilling ('The all-night bars at the Cosmos are captained by heavy-lidded
men who speak liquor and money in a dozen languages' - page 69). Josh made a
considerable impression on Soviet television viewers, and 'during one interview he
demonstrated a winning line for Kasparov with bubble gum all over his chin' (page 76).
Nor do the vagaries of chess journalists escape Fred Waitzkin:
'Dimitrije Bjelica was a dynamo, turning out articles in different languages
for various papers. Like a track star he raced from phone to phone, belting
out stories. "I never write a thing; there's no time," he said. One afternoon
while he took a frantic break, I mentioned some piece of gossip about Bobby
Fischer. The following morning the story was printed in two different
newspapers.' (page 78)
Family life is not easy, and the author's wife 'often chides me for thinking more about
the chess player than the boy, and I nod sheepishly; I am guilty of this crime. It is hard
for me to remember Josh before he was a chess player. It's terrible, but when he wins
or plays brilliantly my affection for him gushes. After he plays badly, I notice that
I don't walk as close to him o n the street, and I have to force myself to give him a hug'
(pages 123- 1 24). An equally disarming remark by another chess parent is recorded on
page 1 63: 'I don't mind spending all my free time on Morgan's chess. He has more
talent for chess than I have for anything I do.'
This book contains so much else. Relations between coach, pupil and family,
tournament nerves and, above all, the constant fretting about whether it is all worth
while; these are just some of the topics treated with an acuity and grace that offer
the reviewer something quotable on almost every page.
Then there is the spectre of Bobby Fischer, whom the author makes an unsuccessful
attempt to locate, though this is not the best part of the book. Waitzkin interviews
a number of Fischer's former (i.e. ditched) associates. They relate his soft-spot for
Hitler and other personal matters, but the chapter would have been stronger without
the airy speculation (pages 1 89- 190) of a clinical psychologist who has never met
Fischer. Similarly, the book is not well informed on certain current political matters
in the chess world. And can Chess Life really be (page 56) 'a treasured illicit commodity
to Russian players'? Other miscellaneous comments: Page 76 has 'Tisdale', although
the name has been corrected in the British edition. On page 92 an account by Gulko
of a game Bronstein was allegedly ordered only to draw with Smyslov during 'the
Zurich Interzonal' in 1953 obviously refers to the Neuhausen/Zurich Candidates'
event, but there can be no question of Bronstein having had 'winning chances' in the
short draw with Smyslov played in the twenty-sixth round. Nor is there any particular
reason for thinking that the draw cost Bronstein the chance of a match against
Botvinnik. Page 1 45: 'Quintero's'. Page 226 (final paragraph of the book): Botvinnik
was fourteen, and not twelve as 'someone said', when he beat Capablanca in a
simultaneous exhibition. But there is little else to regret in Searchingfor Bobby Fischer.
It is a delightful book. (1853)
Warriors of the Mind
On page 43 of the February 1989 issue of the Canadian magazine En Passant, Dr

Nathan Divinsky claimed that Magnus Smith and Colonel Moreau were 'borderline
cases' for the award of a posthumous Grandmaster title. For that and various self
evident reasons, we were not expecting to enjoy Warriors of the Mind by Raymond
Keene and Nathan Divinsky (Hardinge Simpole Publishing), though we still hoped
we would. Alas, expectation soundly defeated hope. Subtitled ' A Quest for the Supreme
Genius of the Chess Board', Warriors of the Mind hazards a guess at the best sixty-four
players of all time (including Szab6, Furman, Kholmov and Hort but not Reti,
Spielmann or Tartakower), calculates most (not all) of the results between them,
juggles the figures and then proclaims that 'the strongest chessplayer of all time' is
Garry Kasparov. Elo ratings were considered good enough (more or less - page 1 3
admits that the selection process was arbitrary) for picking the sixty-four candidates
- one for each square of the board, as if anybody cared - but not for deciding Number
One. That results from a series of complex weighting operations, one reason being
that 'when we talk of the strength of some old time champion, like Wilhelm Steinitz,
we mean his strength, today, [sic] after he has had some time for further study, to
absorb the theory and knowledge that was developed after his time' (page 4). Not
that this has been properly taken into account in the picking of the sixty-four. One
might in any case ask on what basis it is assumed that each generation has built on its
predecessors, at least in the present century. Most master games are won or lost in the
middlegame; what precise scientific advances have been made in that phase of the
game since, let us say, the 1930s?
Page 1 warns that 'we should divest ourselves, as much as possible, of any pre
conceived ideas or prejudices. For example certain names are quite famous because
of the books they wrote rather than the level of their play, names like Nimzowitsch,
Tartakower, Tarrasch and even Alekhine.' That is worth comparing with another page
one, page 1 of Aron Nimzowitsch: A Reappraisal, in which Raymond Keene described
Nimzowitsch as 'one of the world's leading Grandmasters for a period extending
over a quarter of a century, and for some of that time he was the obvious challenger
for the world championship.' Now, however, he knows better; Nimzowitsch just
scrapes into the top fifty. Nor will everyone be able to divest himself of the preconceived
idea or prejudice that Alekhine (Kasparov's hero, so Raymond Keene never used to
tire of telling us) was one of the all-time greats, but the co-authors are having to
pave the way for the shock revelation on page 323: Alekhine comes only eighteenth in
the list of the best players in chess history. Alas, the book ignores the fact that although
Alekhine had to play the best while they were at their best, Kasparov has not, except
in the case of Karpov. From Kasparov's record against the twenty-two players listed
in Warriors of the Mind, it should be noted that only Short, Yusupov and Seirawan
can be called contemporaries. On average, the other nineteen are well over a quarter of
a century older. Thus Kasparov's figures include a dazzling one hundred per cent
record ( + 1 -0 =0) against Najdorf, who is old enough to be Kasparov's great
grandfather. Another half-dozen could be his grandfather. This is said not to decry
the World Champion's chess genius, but to emphasise the absurdity of such statistical
comparisons.
Page 1 5 lets another cat out of the bag. Concerning the Kasparov-Short games
played at 25 minutes per side, it is disclosed that 'we did not include them, but in
principle we see no objection. ' 'No objection', the authors are admitting, to throwing
twenty-five minute games into the pot with World Championship match games. While
pondering whether they therefore see any objection to including Capablanca's 1 9 1 4
lightning match victory over Lasker, the co-authors would d o well t o sort out their
policy on exhibition games (see the faulty Capablanca v Bernstein totals on page 75 and
page 94).
Then comes the biggest part of the book, the 'biographies' and games by the lucky
sixty-four. A quote from page 23 about Steinitz (died 1900) is irresistible: 'One
traditionally pictures Steinitz struggling in the trenches. His chess seems almost a
symbolic portent of the conflict of the Great War 1 9 1 4- 19 1 8.' That's a deep one.
Nothing is dealt with in detail or with care. Alekhine's birth-date is wrong, as is
Capablanca's death-date. The Lasker-Janowsky match in Paris is still incorrectly called
a World Championship encounter; Capablanca is still falsely accused of demanding
money in gold in 1922 as part of the London Rules; New York, 1 927 is still being
described as possibly having been a Candidates' event (of which there is no question at
all). That is the trouble with scissors-and-paste books: what a writer got wrong before
he will get wrong for ever more. Seirawan's 'biography' (pages 278-279) is lifted lock,
stock and barrel from page 53 of Raymond Keene's notorious Docklands Encounter,
with the sole exception that 'my feeling' has been changed to 'our feeling'. As noted
in C.N. 904, Docklands Encounter asserted that Seirawan was 'born in England'
(instead of Damascus). Warriors of the Mind naturally repeats the gaffe.
Page 43 of the book remarks that in view of his record Lasker 'has claims to being the
greatest world champion of the thirteen' (cf. 'Kasparov, the most successful World
Champion chess has ever seen' - Raymond Keene, The Times, 29 April 1 989, page 4 1 ).
Schlechter receives three times as much space as Marshall, though the book claims they
were roughly the same strength. Duras 'appears to have been a real coffee-house player'
(page 78). Rubinstein died in 'an old peoples' [sic] home' (page 82). Page 1 1 5: faulty
German in the title of an Alekhine book. Page 1 19 and page 341 refer to a magazine
which will be news to one and all: 'Tijdschrift van den Nederlandsch-Indischen [sic]
Schaakbond'.1 0 We can be sure that such misinformation was not supplied by the
Rob Veerhouven (sic) mentioned on page 68. Page 1 28: Harry Golombek's book
was not called 1948 World Championship. Nor was it published by the 'British Chess
magazine' (sic) but by Bell (the BCM merely did a reprint decades later). Pages
could be filled with a detailed catalogue of the book's defects as it stumbles along
with superficially annotated Famous Games, ending up with Short-Ljubojevic,
Amsterdam, 1988. Here the annotations are lifted, unacknowledged, from The
Spectator of 1 9 March 1 988 (page 52) though there are minor variations; thus The
Spectatorreferred to the position after Black's 27th move as being 'a unique occurence'
(sic). For Warriors of the Mind the spelling hasn't been corrected, of course, but a
deft nuance has been introduced: now it is 'An almost unique occurence' (sic).
By then we are at the concluding mathematical section. The authors' (inaccurate)
research yielded 10, 148 game results with the following top percentage scores:
1 Morphy, 2 Lasker, 3 Capablanca, 4 Fischer, 5 Kasparov, 6 Alekhine, 7 Karpov.
But now, they say, amendments have to be made to take account of 1 ) 'opposition
strength' , 2) 'era effect' and 3) 'career span' . On criteria 2 and 3, at least, one would
expect Capablanca, to name but one, to surge ahead, not least because the table on
pages 3 1 3-314 shows the Cuban with a better record than Kasparov (more wins, fewer
draws and fewer losses). Nor could he expect to lose out on criterion 1 , because, as
we now know, direct comparisons of Elo ratings between generations are unreliable,
and the figures favour the moderns. But it is not to be. One way or another, Kasparov
and Karpov are brought out on top, and Botvinnik is left looking silly for having said on
page 257, 'Of course, I consider Capablanca a greater player, a bigger talent [than
Karpov].' Page 3 1 3 reveals who were the 'winningest' (sic) players. Page 325 says
that 'apart from Lasker, Capablanca and Alekhine, Rubinstein was clearly the genius
of his age' ; the co-authors have evidently forgotten that just two pages earlier the
same Rubinstein was cast off as the forty-fourth greatest player of all time, just behind
Hort. On page 33 1 we learn that The Hague 1 948 (sic - no mention of the Moscow
half of the event) was the stongest (sic) tournament ever. Page 336 explains that the
calculations would have held good if Tartakei (sic) had been included in the sixty-four
top players. The book finishes with a blunder-ridden bibliography, which advertises not
only an inordinate number of Raymond Keene's own books but also such literary
phantasms as 'Selected Games ofPaul Keres' (sic), 3 volumes, by Keres and Alexander
(sic).
The dust-jacket calls Warriors of the Mind 'a seminal work written by two scholars
of the game' . In reality it is swill. (1853)
The first?
'America's leading chess writer' is the description of Bruce Pandolfini on the front
cover of Chess Openings: Traps and Zaps (a Fireside Chess Library paperback from
Simon & Schuster). After reading the back cover descriptioq 'the first completely
instructional book ever written on chess openings', one marvels at how the modern
game kept going for five centuries until Mr Pandolfini was ready to do a Fireside
paperback. But in reality, of course, there have been dozens of books like Chess
Openings: Traps and Zaps, all undistinguished and undistinguishable. True enough,
Mr Pandolfini does break new ground by revealing on page 36 that Rudolf Spielmann
lived to be 1 09 and by providing such pioneering gems as (page 43) 'you could win
in this position by 10 .if4! or you could win equally impressively with 10 .if4!.' The
bad diagram trouble starts on page 3. The prose is casual in the extreme ('Does it
matter if you're up material but badly developed . . . ?' - page 8 1 ), and the Glossary,
despite some good definitions, has the occasional impenetrable explanation such as:
'Base of Pawn Chain: the pawn closest to its own back rank, when two or more pawns
for each side block and immobilize their enemy counterparts, for either side.' The
bibliography records its debt to such predecessors (evidently not 'completely
instructional') as Florian's 'The Schlilemann Variation of the Ruy Lopes'. (1928)
Chap ter 8
Q uotes
Howard Staunton
First a quote from George Walker's pioneering work Chess Studies (London, 1 844),
page x:
'In stating that I consider Mr Staunton to be at present the first English
player, I sufficiently mark my opinion of the high qualities of his game.
Brilliancy of imagination - thirst for invention - judgement of position -
eminent view of the board - untiring patience - all are largely his. In Mr
Staunton we are proud to recognize a champion worthy to succeed
M Donnell. - Can praise go further?' 1 (7)
Quips from Botvinnik and Petrosian
From page 74 of Chess is My Life by A.Karpov and A .Roshal (Pergamon Press,

1980), a Botvinnik quote: 'If Tal sacrifices a piece - take it, if I do, check the
variations, and if it is Petrosian - decline the sacrifice.' Later (page 1 66) it is
described how, during the 1974 Karpov-Korchnoi match, journalists constantly
approached Petrosian in the press centre and asked what should be played.
'When I knew that, I was down on the stage, instead of up here,' was Petrosian's
reply.2 (13)
Alistair Cooke
We note that the wonderful broadcaster Alistair Cooke lists chess among his
recreations. In his Letter from America of 9 January 197 1 , reprinted in The Americans:
Letters from America 1969-1979 (Penguin, 1 980) he makes (page 60) a gripping
comparison of two ostensibly dissimilar games:
'No American institution is worse understood abroad than American
football. British sportsmen who know their way around a rugby field, a
billiard table and even a chess board succumb without a second thought to
the facetious view of American football as a mindless bout of mayhem
between brutes got up in spacemen outfits. But it would not take more than a
couple of weeks of careful instruction from a coach or a fan to realize that
American football is an open-air chess game disguised as warfare. It is
without question the most scientific of all outdoor games. There is a lexicon
of "plays", known to any decent footballer, as premeditated as the Ruy L6pez
opening, the Petroff Defence, the Sicilian Defence, the Muzio Gambit, the
Queen's Gambit Declined. Most of them are not only learned for the purpose
of using them but of declining them on the spur of the moment. Hence the
extraordinary, and to the foreigner, bewildering sight of men running off in
Quotes 233
circles and tangents with no apparent relation to the ball or the man who's
holding it. For weeks before a big game, the players practise these plays and
feints, and fake plays, and in the evenings they attend sessions of instruction,
in strategy and tactics, following hieroglyphics on a blackboard with which
Einstein would have been quite at home.' (66)
From Hugh Myers:

'Cooke is 100% right. Americanfootball, a series ofmoves ("plays") by 1 1-man
teams (not continuous action), is the most scientific and chess-/ike athletic sport
(soccer is much more disorganised and inconsistent), but unfortunately it is
violent (the players are not made ofwood or plastic), with a history ofthousands
of casualties. ' (421)
Staunton the Prickly
For an entertaining couple of hours or so, read through some of Staunton's celebrated
chess columns in the Illustrated London News. Some of his more 'abusive' Answers to
Correspondents are quite well known. We give below a couple more:
'J.K. Manchester. Assuredly Mr Staunton must be as much surprised as you
can be by the announcement of a book of Chess problems with his name as
author, seeing that he has never made a Chess problem in his life. The work
turns out to be the wretched trick of a dishonest bookseller . . . We should
recommend any person who has been duped into buying this volume to
proceed against the vender for obtaining money under false pretences.'
(24 January 1 857)
What was the volume referred to? 3
'For the hundredth time, a t least, we repeat that a player on conducting his
Pawn to the 8th square is entitled to call for another Queen even though his
original Queen is still on the board. Why do not Chess amateurs, instead of
writing to a newspaper for information on these simple matters, obtain some
elementary book and learn the rules?' (30 May 1 857) (91)
Chess wit
The A ustralasian Chess Review of 30 January 1 936 (page 27) quotes a comment
made by Tartakower after Alekhine's 30th move 30 . . . ct>h8 in the twelfth match game
against Euwe in 1935: 'Here Black missed excellent resigning chances.' (202)
Wolfgang Heidenfeld
A brief selection of quotes from Drawl (George Allen & Unwin, 1 982) should serve
as a reminder of Heidenfeld's outstanding writing skills:
(After a sober analysis of Hamppe-Meitner, Vienna, 1 872): 'The treatment of
this game in chess literature suggests how easy it is to be dazzled by its
ingenuity, captivated by its charm, until one's critical faculties are suspended
and one believes everything one sees.' (page 5)4
(On the short draw Alekhine-Botvinnik, Nottingham, 1936): 'On the whole, a
grossly overrated game. ' (page 6)
'Pillsbury, generally regarded as a great attacking master, was really the first
player to plan his attacks with an eye to the end-game - his games often show
profound combinations, not for mating purposes but in order to obtain an
advantageous ending.' (page 14)
(On Charousek and Hihndrich v Halprin and Marco, Vienna, 1 897): 'The
most thrilling Muzio Gambit ever played.' (page 1 7)
(After a quote from the Munich, 1 900 tournament book): 'I quote this
passage with particular pleasure, not only for the sentiments expressed, but
also in order to acquaint present-day players with the racy diction of the
inimitable Georg Marco. It may give them an idea of how much they lose by
notes in the ever-encroaching Informator style, through which the greatest
entertainment ever invented is reduced to a series of mathematical symbols.'
(page 2 1 )
(On the 7th match game, Schlechter-Lasker, Berlin, 19 1 0): 'It i s probably the
most profound game ever played in a world championship match.' At the end
of his (wonderful) annotations to the game Heidenfeld concludes: 'And yet
there are people who maintain that Karpov and Korchnoi are stronger than
Lasker and Schlechter. They must be joking.' (pages 26 and 30)
(Tarrasch): 'In the years after the first war to end all wars he played games of
a charm and a depth inconceivable perhaps to the disciplinarian of earlier
years . . . One does not always perform best when driven by a mission.' (page
36)
'Reuben Fine is probably the most underrated player in the history of the
game . . . Both his sporting results in the 'thirties and the sheer quality of his
games make him one of the outstanding players - possibly the outstanding
player - of the period.' (page 97) (394)
Purdy5
Some quotes from C.J.S.Purdy, His Life, His Games and His Writings by J.Hammond
and R.Jamieson (Melbourne, 1982):
Quotes 235
(On the eleventh match game Capablanca-Alekhine of 1 927) : 'Possibly the

greatest game of chess ever played.' (page 9 1 )
'When playing against a n I.Q.P. ,6 avoid B-Q3.' (page 1 07)
'The average player will more easily learn to play commonsense chess from
the games of Morphy than any other player. The present writer played over
Morphy's games before he even met an opponent, and we commend them to
all who find modern games too complex to understand.' (page 1 23)
'Position play is the treatment of positions in which sound combinative play
is not possible. It means strengthening one's own position or weakening the
enemy's, or, if neither course is possible, a minimum weakening ofyour own
position. ' (page 1 68)
'We fear that students often get wrong impressions because writers use
condemnatory words about errors that are really extremely slight.' (page 1 74)
'Alekhine, the greatest player of all time.' (page 205)
'Except the mating move there is no move which does not weaken some part
of a position' - Tarrasch. After quoting this, Purdy writes, 'Of all the
pronouncements of Dr Tarrasch, "the man who taught E urope chess", the
one just quoted has always impressed me the most.' (page 2 1 1) (434)
Achieving the Aim
A recent re-reading, with increased enjoyment, of this book (Pergamon Press, 1 98 1 )

leads us to the conclusion that it is one of the greatest chess autobiographies ever written.
H ere are a few choice Botvinnik quotations:
'Capablanca's calm style, the harmonic combination of very exact positional
understanding with a calculation of variations, imparted a particular
elegance to the Cuban's games. With Capa all the pieces played together, they
were firmly linked. Capablanca was equally strong in complex and simple
positions.' (page 90)
'As a player Keres had failings which were well known to me. The first was his
slight uncertainty when he had to orientate himself in new opening schemes.
He preferred on the whole obsolete opening systems. That was why he had a
taste for open play. His second failing, a psychological one, was a tendency to
fade somewhat at decisive moments in the struggle, while when his mood was
spoiled he played below his capabilities.' (page 1 10)
'Reshevsky is what was once called a Naturspieler, an original player, but
limited in his understanding of chess, insufficiently universal.' (page 1 19)
'It is clear now to many people that Fischer has a maniacal fear of beginning a
competition.' (page 1 98)
'Euwe is a complex character. A talented and sharp person, lively and kind,
but when he was head of FIDE, as at the chess board, he was insufficiently
principled in his presidential actions.' (page 202) 7 (442)
Euwe quotes
From the fine article by Walter Meiden in the April 1982 Chess Life (page 2 1 ) we
take the following Euwe quotes:
'Alekhine can see five or six times as much as I can, but I have a plan, and that
plan sometimes permits me to win.'
'Alekhine outplayed me tactically; I outplayed him strategically.'
'Alekhine should have won the 1935 match; I should have won the 1937
match.' (497)
Test
A comment by Karpov after a colourless draw in eighteen moves in the first game
of the 1978 World Championship match: ' We were only testing the equipment.'
Source: page 19 of Chess Scandals: The 1978 World Chess Championship by
E.B.Edmondson and M.Tal (Pergamon Press, 198 1 ). (509)
Nimzowitsch
From Nimzowitsch's8 boolr on Carlsbad, 1929 (Dover Publications) we extract the

following:
'The chess world is obligated to organize a match between the champion
of the world and the winner of this Carlsbad tournament - indeed, this is a
moral obligation. If the world of chess should remain deaf to its obligation,
on the other hand, it would amount to an absolutely unforgivable omission,
carrying with it a heavy burden of guilt.' (page 9)
'No matter how much we have tried to convince Spielmann of the impossi
bility of surviving on nothing more than developing and attacking moves
(and I have tried hardest of all, through my books and our conversations), still
he tries, almost as a matter of principle, to avoid the necessity of defense! '
(page 32)
'On the whole, r have a hard time remembering someone else's published
analysis, a failing I have no cause to regret. Such analysis is in most cases
simply ballast, weighing down the free flight of fantasy!' (pages 35-36)
Quotes 237
'Capablanca's games generally take t he following course: he begins with a

series of extremely fine prophylactic maneuvers, which neutralize his
opponent's attempts to complicate the game; he then proceeds, slowly but
surely, to set up an attacking position. This attacking position, after a series
of simplifications, is transformed into a favorable endgame, which he
conducts with matchless technique.' (page 43)
'The Stonewall is not playable if Black cannot bring a knight to e4.' (page 49)
' . . . Spielmann is, in fact, the hardest-working of all the masters, continually
searching out the flaws in his game and striving to eliminate them.' (page 63)
' . . . The best variation to use in a tournament is not a merely good line, but
more exactly a line which, though good, is considered to be bad.' (page 64)
'It is difficult to find anything whatever to say about Becker. He has no
recognizable chess physiognomy - indeed, God only knows how he gets
through his games . . . He is hardly likely to achieve such heights a second
time.' (page 108) (51 1)
Morganisms
Quips by D.J.Morgan in the BCM:

'Chess, like love, is a conflict between reflexes and reflections. ' (October 1973,
page 446)
' "The squares on a chessboard are all equal," says a new guide to the game.
We shall just go on playing as if the discovery had not been made.' (June
1974, page 204) (528)
Two more of D.J.Morgan's jeux d'esprit:

'We cannot enter into a discussion on the relative merits of our present-day
players. The best-known are not always the best. The best-known bowls
player is Drake - we can't vouch for his skill.' (March 1 954, page 83)
'Some combinations have a lot of depth on the surface, but deep down they
are shallow.' (February 1955, page 78) (1284)
Staunton's simuls
Fine carelessly writes in The World's Great Chess Games (page 1 1 ) that Staunton
travelled extensively to give simultaneous exhibitions. In fact, Howard Staunton was
one of the few top players who virtually never gave such displays. Here is an extract
from his column in the Illustrated London News of 14 April 1 866:
'We have often expressed our opinion of that silliest of all chess exploits
the playing of a number of games simultaneously against a number of tenth
rate amateurs. To play half-a-dozen games without sight of the board is a real
tour de force of which very few players are capable - to play half-a-hundred
by merely parading up and down before as many chess-boards is what any
tolerable player can do without difficulty. In such a case, he need only be
insensible to the absurdity of the exhibition; and if he is a good walker, or can
hire a velocipede, his triumph is infallible.' 9 (594)
Expulsion
Rule XII from the New York, 1 889 tournament book:

' . . . Consultation and analyzing moves on a Chess board during the adjourn
ments are strictly prohibited, and any competitor proved guilty of the same
shall be expelled from the Tournament by a three-fourths vote of the Jury.'
(705)
Alekhine v Euwe
A splendid book is the CHESS volume on the 1937 World Championship match
with 'exclusive statements' by the two players. Here, for instance, is Euwe on
Alekhine (from page 75):
'I must above all marvel at the manner in which he treated the adjourned
positions. This is all the easier to judge since I also had to analyse the
adjourned games, and thus knew them through and through. When I think of
the creative ideas which my opponent sometimes infused into the positions,
of the unexpected turns which he was able to discover, then I must express
the greatest admiration for his mastery of this phase of the game.' (770)
Alekhine's wit
Alekhine's comment on Samisch-Navarro, Madrid, 1943:

'Samisch wanted to show in his last game of the tournament that he is capable
of playing a game without running out of time.'
Source: tournament book, page 2 1 2. (784)
A couple more examples of side-swipes by Alekhine at fellow masters:

Quotes 239
Fine-Capablanca (Nottingham, 1936 tournament book, page 244) - drawn in

20 moves: 'A delightful game for the annotator. I think it is the only one in
this collection which does not even deserve a diagram.' (It wasn't.)
Euwe-Flohr (Zurich, 1 934 tournament book, page 133) - drawn in 19 moves:
'A typical Euwe-Flohr game! ' (947)
Capa
Some quotations from Olga Capablanca's 10 article 'Tournament in Nottingham',

published in Town & Country, February 1945:
'I have often heard masters themselves say that Capa was the greatest "Genius"
of all time, though he did not always win the first prizes. The masters knew,
however, that of all the players he was the most temperamental, the most
human. The fullness of his life had interfered with his playing more than once.
Then there were the unhappy circumstances of his private life, and his ill
health. Also, he never practiced.'
On Tartakower: 'I believe Capa was fonder of him than of any of the others
because he admired sincerity next to intelligence, the qualities he looked for
in others and were his own main characteristics.'
'He had told me many times that he had returned to his chess career for me.
The first time was in New York, soon after we met. He exclaimed, "Now I will
return to chess. Once more I will be the greatest player in the world. For the
past years I have been disappointed with everything. I even hated chess. But
now everything is different. I shall play again and play well. I have to make
money, too, enough for us to marry and take care of all my obligations." '
The article also relates a bizarre incident. At Nottingham, 1 936 Capa met Bogol
jubow in the final round and all but lost. The game was adjourned at lunchtime with
the Cuban in desperate trouble, but Olga told her future husband that he could win
because Bogoljubow's second move after the adjournment would be a mistake. In fact,
the game ended in a draw. Some days later, in London, Capa woke up early and was
thinking the game over when he suddenly realised that Bogoljubow's second move
after the break had been an error. 'I could have won.'
What was the move in question and have any annotators noted Bogoljubow's
mistake and Capablanca's failure to take advantage of it? " (823)
Wishful thinking
A comment by George Botterill from page 347 of the August 1975 BCM:
'You cannot make a move better than it is by wishful thinking, or by admira-
tion for the spirit in which it is played. Otherwise we could all be Tals.' (826)
More Botvinnik quotes
Some further comments by Botvinnik, from the Pergamon book Half a Century of
Chess:
Page 65. 'In 1 935 my game with Chekhover made such a deep impression,
that there were some "specialists" who maintained that it was prepared
beforehand! Even assuming that I could have been under suspicion, would
that have been fair to that honest man Vitaly Chekhover?'
Page 72. 'Having learned to play chess rather late (at the age of 1 2), in later
years I often committed "infantile" mistakes.'
Page 83. On Levenfish: 'His endgame play was extraordinarily deep.'
Page 94. On his brilliant 30 i.a3 v Capablanca at A VRO, 1938: 'The beginning
of a 1 2-move combination, including the following winning manoeuvre. I
must admit that I could not calculate it right to the end and operated in two
stages. First I evaluated the position after six moves and convinced myself
that I had a draw by perpetual check. Then after the first six moves I calculated
the rest to the end. A chess player's resources, particularly at the end of a
game, are limited.' (Interesting, since annotators have stated that Botvinnik
had foreseen everything.)'2
Page 1 09. Keres: 'During the period from 1936 to 1975 he was probably the
strongest tournament player.'
Page 1 1 0. 'I was always underestimated as a master of attack. '
Page 1 1 3. Smyslov: 'For five years, between 1953 and 1958, he was unbeatable.'
Page 240. 'Fischer's character was always clearly inadequate . . . [After 1962]
Fischer achieved outstanding successes, but illness would seem to have torn
him away from chess, which is very, very regrettable: the chess world has
suffered an irreparable loss.' (863)
Draws
From CHESS, 14 September 1 935, page 7:

'It is practically impossible nowadays to force a winning position with the
Black pieces against a player of master strength (even if not of absolutely
first-class standard) who is content to play for a draw.'
The surprising writer of these lines: Alekhine. (888)
Quotes 241
The white race
The opening words of Lasker's Chess Primer:

'Everyone should know chess, because the mentality and individuality ofthe
white race has found expression in this game in its modern development. To
try to understand its aspirations and to comprehend what masters and think-
ers have given to mankind is a tribute to the genius of the white race.' 1 3 (907)
Steinitz quotes
A selection of observations by Steinitz culled from his International Chess Magazine:

1 885, page 46. 'When I first met Anderssen in 1 862, he spoke in the highest
possible terms of Morphy . . . In 1 866 I had another conversation with
Anderssen about Morphy. The professor had much cooled down in his
enthusiasm, and he did not seem to think that Morphy could always have
beaten him for certain. My own impression is that Anderssen, who could not
play a single game blindfold, was at first overawed by Morphy's wonderful
sans voir performances, and he overworked himself by calculations out of his
real depth. But he subsequently fou nd that he could hold his own against
blindfold players like Blackburne, Paulsen, Suhle and Zukertort, by relying
on his natural fine judgment, and then he began to doubt whether his fear was
based on real grounds. The professor, at any rate, ridiculed the idea of
Morphy's overwhelming superiority which some critics claimed to the extent
of his being able to give the material odds of Pawn and move to all his
contemporaries. '
1 885, page 30 1 . 'Old Horwitz is gone . . . His genius for end positions was
unequalled by any chess master, and with the greatest facility he evolved and
demonstrated profound ideas which most experts could only arrive at by
laborious calculations. His loss is irreparable to the chess world at large, and
personally I feel bereft of one of my dearest friends, who thoroughly sympa
thized with all my aims and opinions.'
1 8 86, page 97. Steinitz writing shortly after the end of his World Champion
ship match against Zukertort: 'In a personal interview with the editor of the
Cincinnati Commercial Gazette, Mr J.W.Miller, who is the compiler of the
American edition of " Cook's Synopsis" , we have ascertained in reply to our
questions that not a single one of the openings adopted in the twenty games of
the late contest for the championship of the world can be found in the books
up to the 8th move. It will also be seen on examination that novelties were
introduced, sometimes as early as on the 4th move . . .'
1 886, page 1 70 (tournaments v matches). 'As is well known, I, in common
with most connoisseurs, hold that general contests only furnish a very
unreliable and much inferior test of strength in comparison to matches
between two selected players.'
1 886, page 335. 'When once my opinion was asked about the strength of a
certain well-known English player who continually tried to blow himself up
into a first-rate in a Sporting and Dramatic manner, I answered: "He evi
dently has an extraordinary good memory, for he always makes the same
mistakes. " '
1 886, page 336. ' . . . if there be anything debasing, degrading, mercenary,
demoralizing, etc., in Chess it is the promulgation of a so-called virtuous
principle to the effect that wealthy amateurs for their own amusement and
without paying the least consideration for their opponents' time and labor,
may suck the brains of superior Chess masters who are not as well off as
themselves. Or when it is gravely preached that men of talent and genius, who
happen to be born without a golden spoon in their mouth, should enter the
public Chess arena in a starving condition merely for the entertainment of
thousands of rich people all over the world who only ought to pay their
money to incapable critical Chess pirates and their publishers. The highest
and most exhausting mental labors which combines art and science should
crouch before moneyed capital with an empty stomach and be content, like
the Roman gladiators, to die with the words: "Ave Caesar morituri te salutant." '
1 886, page 37l.'lt is not the least reproach to Morphy and Anderssen that
they did not know what was discovered after their time, no more than to
assert that Sir Isaac Newton, if he became alive now, would not be fit for a
Professor of mathematics at a high class school without some further
study.' 14
1 887, page 35. 'Herr Paulsen is one of the most original players that ever
appeared in the Chess arena . . . '
1 888, page 14. ' . . . the enormous power of the press cannot easily be ignored
in our rising pastime, and . . . it must be counteracted vigorously when used
for evil purposes.'
1 888, page 142. A charming obituary of Major William Martin ( 1 807- 1 888). Steinitz
reports that when he first met him in 1 872 W.M. was a weak Rook player, yet by the age
of 66 he had become 'one of the strongest amateurs in England' after taking 'for a few
months regular instruction from me'. A unique case of improvement in old age? S teinitz
writes that Major Martin was 'one of the most amiable, honorable and straightforward
gentlemen I ever met, and one who ought to be commemorated as an example of pluck
and perseverance at an old age in the study of our game.'
1 889, page 140. ' . . . though I fight with might and main against the inky
ruffianism of the Chess press impostors, I entertain a genuine charitable
feeling for the failings of real Chess masters, and some allowance ought to be
made for the excitement of a mental contest which entails the hardest kind of
brain exertion with little prospect of proportionate reward.'
Steinitz's use of language is incredibly skilful and vivid when it is remembered that
English was not his mother tongue. 1 889, page 1 73: 'A cableshell, if I may coin such an
expression . . .' 1 890, page 1 38: 'Of course, Mr Mason's manifesto must be taken
Quotes 243
cum grano whiskey . . . ' We do not plan to give undue prominence to the (highly
quotable) invective that often filled his Personal and General column , the essential
point being, as The Companion notes, 'Few considered how often he was in the right.'
Here, then, is a single example ( 1 888, page 10):
'Mr Jas. D . Seguin, the Chess editor of the Times-Democrat, is a local lawyer
in New Orleans. This is an honorable calling if honorably pursued, and, for
what I know, Mr Seguin may be as respectable a gentleman as his tailor and
his profession could make of him. But, to judge from his Chess journalistic
performances, and from that alone, I ought to add in fairness, I conclude that
he must belong to that class of lawyers who, owing to their habitual practice
of blackening opponents and their attorneys, whilst whitewashing their own
clients, become morally color-blind and lose all conception of right and
wrong, like a scavenger loses his sense of smell. This pettifoggingjournalistic
pawnbroker, whose connection with a band of literary highway robbers was
fully exposed and castigated in our November issue, has now thrown off his
mask, as I predicted he would, and has shown himself in his true character as
one of the most insolent editorial desperadoes that has ever infested periodical
Chess literature.' (And that is the kinder half of the paragraph . . . )
(1075, 1 1 13, 1215)
Lasker on Janowsky
The December 1 90 1 BCM (pages 492-493) quotes from Lasker's Manchester Evening
News column of 20 November:
'[Janowsky] is one of the great chess matadors . . . He is a typical Parisian
in style and appearance. He has lively eyes, black moustache and hair, and
manages his conversation in English wonderfully well in spite of the
meagreness of his stock of perhaps less than 1 20 words . . .'
Some ten years later the same magazine (February 19 1 1 , page 60) quoted from the
Berliner Zeitung a rather more penetrating analysis by the World Champion:
'This, in my judgement, is the Janowsky problem. His brain is stored with
tactical ideas in myriad forms. He has them arranged and possesses the power
to mobilise them and bring them to bear on any given position. If success is to
be reached by any combination lying fathoms deep in the position, his tireless
energy and creative fancy will find it and fashion it. But has he the
presentiment necessary to detect the gradual grouping of the factors of such a
position? Has he more than the energetic and teeming brain of the tactician;
is he a strategist in addition? This last demands intellectual qualities rarely
found in prodigal temperaments . . . If the strategist preserve his intellectual
energies, he invariably wins against the tactician.' (11 09)
Lasker on money
Two Lasker quotes:

a) from a letter to the BCM, published on page 260 of the June 1 907 issue:
'The reviewer of the book [Struggle] comments on the lack of success of chess
masters in practical life . He argues that the masters of strategy should be
able to achieve success in business if my contention - that all contests follow
the same strategic laws is correct. I think that men like Zukertort and
-
Steinitz would have been great in any enterprise if they would have ardently
devoted themselves to it. They did achieve their purpose. Probably they never
tried to gain wealth, or, at least, they did not try hard, and chess-players - this
reproach cannot be withheld - were content to buy their success as cheaply
as they could. A starving man can, of course, not make a fair bargain. They
were the victims of circumstance - like Mozart and Beethoven. Does it denote
any great business qualities in Paderewski that he makes a hundred times
more money than some of his predecessors no less distinguished in their day?'
b) from Das Schachwart No. 3, quoted in the BCM, July 1 9 1 3, page 294:
' If Idealism means the thrusting of mediocrity into the foreground to the
disparagement of perfection, and the failure to display any enthusiasm for
the idea of chess-play, then Das Wochenschach bears away the palm for
Idealism. If, on the other hand, Materialism implies the striving to raise the
social position of the chess master, to extend a true understanding of the deep
mentality of chess-play, to get the master treated with some recognition of
his rights as a man, instead of being neglected in poverty like Morphy,
Harrwitz, Neumann, Steinitz, Pillsbury - then I am a Materialist.'
Lasker's justified insistence on fair recompense always comes to mind when we read
pathetic appeals such as the one which appeared in the BCM, December 1932, page 528,
following the death of Yates:
' . . . Certain chessplayers who attended the funeral agreed to make themselves
responsible for the funeral expenses, but as the body was removed to Birstall
in Yorkshire for burial in the family grave, the expenses were considerably
heavier than was anticipated and, with the money owing to the landlady,
comes to a total of about £5 1 2s. Od.' (1189)
Memoirs
A selection of quotes from William Winter's posthumous memoirs, which were

published in CHESS between 29 October 1 962 and 28 March 1963:
R.H.V.Scott: 'Probably the most brilliant combinative player England has
ever seen.' (page 32) I s
Quotes 245
'[Emanuel Lasker] before any tournament made a careful study of the

weaknesses of each of his opponents, both as regards style of play and
temperament. It is entirely legitimate, and can prove very useful until one
comes up against an opponent like Capablanca who had no weaknesses of
any kind.' (page 75)
Burn: 'One of the kindest as well as the strongest of chess masters.' (page
1 08) 1 6
'Blindfold play I have never attempted seriously. I once played six, but spent
so many sleepless nights trying to drive the positions out of my head that
I gave it up.' (page 1 10)
'It is hardly believable that a paper like The Times, which justly prides itself as
being represented by the best available talent in all forms of human activity,
should hand over its chess, both in the main paper and the subsidiary
supplements, to a man to whom any first class chess player could give a rook.
Yet it is absolutely true. This man, Tinsley by name, was the son of a minor
professional who represented the paper fairly satisfactorily in the beginning
of the century. When he died of a sudden stroke his son went to The Times
office with the news, and offered to carry on for a week or so until a successor
could be appointed. He carried on for nearly [sic] thirty years ! Uncouth and
almost uneducated, he made The Times reports a laughing stock all over the
chess playing world, but, by a mixture of bluff and bluster, maintained his
position until his own death in 1 936.' (page I l l ) (In fact Tinsley died in
1937.) 1 7
Yates: 'One of the most talented chess players as well as one of the finest men
I have ever met.' (page 147)
Hooper: 'He is one of the most thorough and conscientious analysts I have
met.' (page 1 5 1 ) (1 197)
Staunton's humour
Staunton wrote in the 1 849 Chess Player's Chronicle, page 48 (after 1 d4 e6 2 e4 d5

3 exd5 1!Vxd5) :
'The only advantage of taking the pawn thus, instead of in the way
recommended by common sense, is that being likely to involve you in
difficulties, it affords a charming opportunity for the display of ingenuity
in extricating yourself afterwards.'
Quoted by D.J.Morgan, BCM, December 1954, pages 387-388.
Opinions are invited on whether Staunton had a sense of humour. Was his lacerating
prose sometimes mere drollery? (1283)
From G.H.Diggle:
'Staunton's jibe in the 1 849 Chess Player's Chronicle about the "charming
opportunity for the display of ingenuity" was aimed at Edward Lowe, one of
whose games against Capt. Kennedy he was annotating. Staunton displayed
rather more humour as a raconteur than as a writer. He would solemnly relate
absurd stories (never intended to be believed) either about himselfor some other
master. ' (1305)
Purdy
C.J.S.Purdy had a nice touch in irony. See for instance the March 1984 BCM, page 1 24.
Another example is quoted on page 285 of the November 194 1 issue of the same
magazine. He gives 'a marathon game at pawn and two moves' (remove Black's
f-pawn) in Melbourne (players not identified): 1 e4 . . . 2 d3 lbc6 3 �g5 h6 4 fi'h5+
g6 5 fi'xg6 mate, and adds, 'The odds-giver's ultimate defeat can be traced right back
to his weakening pawn-advance on move 3.' (1289)
Another illustration, from Purdy's book The Return ofAlekhine (quoted on pages 59-60
of the 14 October 1 938 issue of CHESS). It concerns the third game of the 1 937
Euwe-Alekhine match:
'A fine game marred only by annotators' blunders. These jackals pulled
Euwe's end-game play to shreds, and actually missed the one mistake he
made!' (1589)
A letter to the editor published on page 1 of the 1 January 1949 issue of Chess World
began: 'Dear Sir, Forgive me for being critical . . .' Purdy at once interrupted: 'We don't
forgive, we thank.' (1622)
'The player who completes his development first is said to have the initiative,
because he is thus able to start making blunders while his opponent is still
occupied in bringing out his men. '
Source: "Among These Mates" by Chielamangus (Purdy), page 14. (1858)
Kasparov on Fischer
C.N. 1 143 1 8 dealt with a remark by Larry Evans in the March 1 986 Chess Life that
Kasparov's generous spirit towards Fischer was alien to Karpov. We disputed this,
showing that Karpov had indeed praised Fischer. But journalists, particularly in the
United States, continue to lump Kasparov and Fischer together to stigmatise Karpov.
They would do well to ponder some declarations by Kasparov. For example, he was
Quotes 247
interviewed by Thierry Paunin in L'Equipe magazine of 24 January 1987. Here are the
relevant exchanges:
'T.P. Do you think Fischer will play again one day and would you like to
meet him?
G . K. No, I don't think there is the slightest chance that Fischer will ever play
chess again. The return of Fischer is a myth; in any case, it provides good
suspense for people who know nothing about chess. Fischer is the chess past.
He left because he didn't want to play any more. Endless talk about his
return is just day-dreaming.
T.P. Haven't you ever tried to make contact with him? It is said that some
grandmasters keep in touch with him . . .
G . K. I don't believe a word of it. I want proof. It is also said that he still
plays. Well, let him play, let him enter a tournament and let him play! For
me, Fischer is no longer anything. He has gone into history. That is very
interesting from the historical point of view, but Fischer means nothing more
at all today !'
Truly a generous spirit, worthy of Sir George Thomas. (1354)
Revision
The 3/1 987 issue of New in Chess (pages 5-6) published an exchange of correspondence
between Kasparov and Karpov. A general argument expressed by the former deserves
unreserved support:
' . . . I also think that it is a chess player's duty to update his older analyses
and notes from time to time. This is necessary as it should not be permitted in
any manner that the text or analyses contain obvious technical anachronisms
or mistakes, as a consequence of the rapid development of theory and
practice. Moreover, a reprint or a revised edition of a book can and should
reflect the changes in the author's chess ideology caused by his experience
over the years. Neglecting these factors in my view reduces the significance of
such books and curbs the development of chess.' 19 (1391)
Book reviews
Reviewing The Major Tactics of Chess by Franklin B. Young, the BCM (March 1 899,
page 99) expressed some excellent sentiments on book reviews in general:
' . . . In these rapid times, ostensibly intricate matters are not liable to much
contradiction, even where there is more than a small suspicion of error; few
who really examine them caring to openly dissent from the most doubtful
conclusions, when these are cast in all the imposing dignity of print. Thus
readers (and reviewers too) favour the temerity of .authors, and help to
mislead the public, including of course themselves - the simple, good
natured, omne-ignotum-pro-mirifico public; the great present and future
public, which can never be too well or honestly served.' 20 (1414)
Alekhine Nazi articles
Pablo Moran sends us copies of two Madrid publications, El Alcazar and lnformaciones,
dated 3 September 194 1 , in which Alekhine gave interviews. Some extracts from the
latter, in our translation :
' What will your promised lectures be about?
About the evolution of chess thought in recent times and the reasons for this
evolution. There would also be a study of the Aryan and Jewish kinds of
chess. Of course I am not satisfied with the direction of hypermodern chess,
which is over-defensive. In German this tactic is called Uberdeckung, and its
rough meaning in Spanish is "to cover again", rather like wearing two coats,
one on the other.
The Portuguese press has spoken of negotiations for a meeting between you and
Capablanca. Is that true?
Not at all; there has only been a letter from me on this to the Cuban
Federation, but we did not come to an agreement. And trips to the United
States or England are out of the question; I am not in favour in those
countries, as a result of some artiCles I wrote in the German press and some
games I played in Paris during the last winter - against 40 opponents - for
the German Army and Winter Relief.
Who is the player you most admire?
All of them. But among them I must stress the greatest glory of Capablanca,
which was to eliminate the Jew Lasker from the world chess throne.' 2 1 (1 455)
The first?
From page 2 of Morphy Chess Masterpieces by Fred Reinfeld and Andrew Soltis:
'Paul Morphy was a Herculean figure in his day, and his fame has not
suffered with time. He was not just the first American to triumph over
representatives of the Old World at chess. He was the first American to
achieve a position of world superiority in any field. ' (1 496)
Quotes 249
Wise words
'As a general rule, a man whose business it is to sell news to the newspapers
should, in my opinion, not be one vitally interested in this news. The public
has a right to expect a reporter of events to be an impartial critic and
chronicler, serving not his friends or his own interests, but the public.'
Emanuel Lasker, American Chess Bulletin, January 1905, page 2. (1647)
A Fischer letter
Together with a brief note explaining that "I Was Tortured in the Pasadena Jailhouse!"
is now out of print, we have received from Fischer's California address a copy of his
exchange of correspondence with the Encyclopaedia Judaica:
'AN OPEN LETTER
FROM:
BOBBY FISCHER
THE WORLD CHESS CHAMPION
TO:
ENCYCLOPAEDIA JUDAICA
June 28, 1984
Gentlemen :
Kno.wing what I do about Judaism, I was naturally distressed to see that you
have erroneously featured me as a Jew in ENCYCLOPAEDIA JUDAICA.
Please do not make this mistake again in any future editions of your
voluminous, pseudo-authoritative publication. I am not today, nor have I ever
been a Jew, and as a matter offact, I am uncircumcised.
I suggest rather than fraudulently misrepresenting me to be a Jew, and
dishonestly abusing my name and reputation as a kind of advertising
gimmick to improve the image of your religion (Judaism), you try to promote
your religion on its own merits - if indeed it has any!
In closing, I trust that I am not being unrealistically optimistic, in thanking
you in advance for your anticipated cooperation in this matter.
Truly yours
Bobby Fischer,
The World Chess Champion'
(Fischer's underlining shown by italics.)
(From:)
'Keter Publishing House Jerusalem Ltd.
Jerusalem, Sept. 24, 1984

Dear Mr. Fischer,
We are in receipt of your letter of June 28, 1984. We have taken note of your
request and will act upon it in all future editions of our publication, the
Encyclopaedia Judaica.
Sincerely yours,
Fern Seckbach' (1671)
Times change
'It is generally the shortcoming of a young player that he does not keep
abreast of the theory of the game.'
Geza Mar6czy, American Chess Bulletin, October 1 906, page 2 1 2.22 (1 747)
Correspondence
Page 3 of the Winter 1988 issue of Chess Post quotes a neat message for use in corres
pondence chess: 'If resigns, thank you for the game.' (1 792)
Kasparov on computers
Kasparov comments on chess computers in an interview with Thierry Paunin on pages

4-5 of issue 55 of Jeux & Strategie:
'Question: . . . Two top Grandmasters have gone down to chess computers:
Portisch against "Leonardo" and Larsen against "Deep Thought". It is well
known that you have strong views on this subject. Will a computer be World
Champion, one day . . . ?
Kasparov: Ridiculous! A machine will always remain a machine, that is to
say a tool to help the player work and prepare. Never shall I be beaten
by a machine! Never will a program be invented which surpasses human
intelligence. And when I say intelligence, I also mean intuition and
imagination. Can you see a machine writing a novel or poetry? Better still,
can you imagine a machine conducting this interview instead of you? With ·
me replying to its questions?' (1802)
Quotes 251
Vainglory
A quote from Golombek's Beginning Chess, published by Penguin in 198 1 (page 2 1 8 ):

'It is one of the many delights of chess that it is a literate game for literate
people, and this means that a good book on chess is almost inevitably a
pleasure to read. Here, therefore, follows a list of further reading which I
think you will find both enjoyable and profitable . '
The list features fourteen titles. Golombek wrote four of them, translated three, co
authored one and wrote the foreword to one. The remaining five managed to be good
without him. (1809)
Fischer's column
Richard Reich sends us copies of Fischer's 'Checkmate' articles in Boys' Life ('published
by the Boy Scouts of America' ). Two excerpts:
December 1966:
'I learned to play chess when I was six from my older sister, Joan, in Brooklyn,
NY. I liked other games like Monopoly and Parcheesi, but I found chess was
much more exciting because it presented a greater challenge - there was no
factor of luck involved. It was more difficult than other games.
From then on I'd spend several hours a day playing against myself,
something you can also do. I think I really loved the game from the beginning
because of the thousands of possible moves and the fascinating complex
strategy that is involved.
After I was playing a year or so, my mother took me to the Brooklyn Chess
Club, where I took lessons a couple oftimes a week from Carmine Nigro, one
of the best players in the club. The lessons cost me a dollar an hour. I'm sure
he wasn't interested in the dollar, but this was his way of making sure I took
the lessons seriously.
One of the biggest thrills of my life was when I won first prize at the YMCA
children's championship. (One critical game, incidentally, was against my
teacher's son. I was nervous in that game, but the training I got from my
early games was important to me and gave me confidence.) I still have
that medal at home . . . '
Apri/ 1968:
' Concentrate. Chess requires total concentration. For example, when I play
I try to keep my mind completely on the game. I always try to put my best foot
forward. This means I want to win. No one's interested in excuses if I lose.
Many people who play chess are using only a fraction of their mind and the
rest of their mind is off wandering somewhere.
Think ahead. Don't go by your first instinct in making a move. Try to look
ahead, to picture how your opponent will reply. Remember, it's absolutely
essential for your development as a chess player that you play touch move
if you touch a piece you must move it. So if you feel you lack self-control,
you might try sitting on your hands as ex-world champion Smyslov of Russia
used to do . . .
Study. Study the recent games of masters in books and magazines and
combine this study with actual play, against strong players. With your young,
fresh mind you should soon be beating your elders easily. And of course
spend as much time at the game as you possibly can.
Learn from your losses. Record your serious games . . . and then later you
can go over your games and try to find out where you made your mistakes
- if you don't already know. That way you aren't likely to lose a game
the same way twice. The Cuban world chess champion, Capablanca, once
said that he liked to lose more than he liked to win because he learned more
from his losses than from his wins!'
This seems to be a rather free interpretation of Capablanca's words in the Author's
Note in My Chess Career. (1816)
Encyclopaedia Britannica
George Stern submits the entry on chess in the first edition ( 1 77 1 ) of the Encyclo
paedia Britannica. We do not envy anyone who tried to pick up the game from it:
'CHESS, an ingenious game, performed with different pieces of wood, on a
board divided into sixty-four squares or houses; in which chance has so small
a share, that it may be doubted whether a person ever lost but by his own
fault.
Each gamester has eight dignified pieces, viz. a king, a queen, two bishops,
two knights, and two rooks; also eight pawns: all which, for distinction sake,
are painted of two different colours, as white and black.
As to their disposition on the board; the white king is to be placed on the
fourth black house from the corner of the board, in the first and lower rank;
and the black king is to be placed on the fourth white house on the opposite or
adversary's end of the board. The queens are to be placed next to the kings,
on houses of their own colour. Next to the king and queen, on each hand,
place the two bishops; next to them, the two knights; and last of all, on the
corners of the board, the two rooks. As to the pawns, they are placed without
distinction, on the second rank of the house, one before each of the dignified
pieces.
Having thus disposed the men, the onset is commonly begun by the pawns,
which march straight forward on their own file, one house at a time, except
Quotes 253
the first move, when it can advance two houses, but never moves backwards:
the manner of their taking the adversary's men, is side-ways, in the next
house forwards; where having captivated the enemy, they move forward as
before. The rook goes forward or cross-ways through the whole file, and back
again. The knight skips backward and forward to the next house, save one, of
a different colour, with a sidling march, or a slope, and thus kills his enemies
that fall in his way, or guards his friends that may be exposed on that side.
The bishop walks always in the same colour of the field that he is placed in at
first, forward and backward, aslope, or diagonally, as far as he lists. The
queen's walk is more universal, as she takes all the steps of the before
mentioned pieces, excepting that of the knight; and as to the king's motion, it
is one house at a time, and that either forward, backward, sloping, or side
ways.
As to the value of the different pieces, next to the king is the queen, after her
the rooks, then the bishops, and last of the dignified pieces comes the knight.
The difference of the worth of pawns, is not so great as that of noblemen;
only, it must be observed, that the king's bishop's pawn is the best in the field,
and therefore the skilful gamester will be careful of him. It ought also to be
observed, that whereas any man may be taken, when he falls within the reach
of any of the adversary's pieces, it is otherwise with the king, who, in such a
case, is only to be saluted with the word check, warning him of his danger,
out of which it is absolutely necessary that he move; and if it so happen that
he cannot move without exposing himself to the like inconveniency, it is
check-mate, and the game is lost.' (1887)
Endnotes
Preface
1 The items appeared as follows:

1982: C.N.s 1-29 1
1983: C.N.s 292-592
1984: C.N.s 593-87 1
1 985: C.N.s 872- 107 1
1986: C.N.s 1 072- 1299
1987: C.N.s 1 300- 152 1
1988: C.N.s 1 522- 1788
1989: C.N.s 1 789- 1933
Syndicated column, begun in 1993: from C.N. 1 934 onwards.
In an attempt to promote higher standards, C.N. offered an annual 'Book of the Year'
award. Readers voted for:
1 982: Draw! by W.Heidenfeld (George Allen & Unwin)
1983: Paul Keres Chess Master Class by I.Neishtadt (Pergamon Press)
1984: The Oxford Companion to Chess by D.Hooper and K.Whyld (OUP)
1985: Chess Curiosities by T.Krabbe (George Allen & Unwin)
1986: The Test of Time by G.Kasparov (Pergamon Press)
1987: Chess Personalia, A Biobib/iography by J.Gaige (McFarland)
1988: No award (insufficient enthusiasm for any book)
1989: Johannes Zukertort, Artist of the Chessboard by J.Adams (Caissa Editions).
2 1tems providing factual and archival information about F.M.Edge, a key figure in the
Staunton/Morphy controversy, are C.N.s 90, 276, 524, 8 8 1 , 1 0 1 2 and 1 030. Moreover,
C.N.s 840 and 1358 quoted in full two important letters regarding Morphy from Edge to
Fiske, dated 3 April 1 859 and 25 March 1 859 respectively. The latter (the conclusion
of which is reproduced below) has caused considerable controversy; in quoting half a
sentence The Oxford Companion to Chess gives the false impression that Edge was
writing direct to Morphy:
'I shall watch over Morphy until he leaves Europe, and when he leaves I can
say - "What you are outside of chess, I have made you. Your tremendous
laziness, but for me, would have obliterated all your acts. I have taken your
hundreds of letters out ofyour pockets even, and answered them, because you
would have made every man your enemy by not replying. I made you stay and
play Anderssen, when you wanted to leave. I nursed you when ill, carrying
you in my arms like a child. I have been a lover, a brother, a mother to you;
I have made you an idol, a god - and now that you are gone, I never - but
I will not finish. I say this to you, Fiske, but I have said nothing of it in my
book; there Morphy is all in all, the Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the
end; all that is great, magnanimous, true, noble and sublime, and Morphy
will not open its pages without a blush, or close them without a sigh. - Burn
this letter, Fiske, and forget the contents.
- Yrs. very truly
Fred'k Edge -'
Endnotes 257
1. Positions
1 (435) In C.N. 479 Jeremy Gaige presented a detailed biographical sketch of

Nicholas MacLeod ( 1 870- 1965).
2 (553) 'Edward J. Lasker' is sometimes seen (e.g. page 206 of the April 1 9 1 9 Chess
Amateur). J. for what? (C.N. 94).
3 (751) C.N. 1 2 1 7 noted that on page 8 of Chess: The Complete Self-Tutor Edward
Lasker referred to a game with five queens 'played in the international tournament of
Karls bad in 1 9 1 1 ' , although 'the fifth queen came off directly after promotion' . No such
game is to be found in the tournament book, the closest being Burn-Chajes (four queens
at one time, an exchange of one pair, and a fifth one later). As reported in C.N. 1 395,
N.I.Grekov mistakenly claimed that the Burn-Chajes game had 'five queens on the
board at the same time' (CHESS, 14 October 1937, page 56).
Alekhine's spurious five queens game against Grigoriev was featured in C.N .s 326
and 387. A comprehensive account of the game appeared in Chess Curiosities by
T.Krabbe.
4 (1062) The identical oversight occurs on page 1 10 of Les Prix de Beaule aux Echecs by
F. Le Lionnais (Paris, 195 1 ).
In C.N. 414 W.H.Cozens gave a list of games where a mate in one had been
overlooked.
5 (1253) The single bishop mate was examined further in C.N. 2038.
6 (1291) The score also appeared on page 1 38 of the June 1913 American Chess Bulletin.
It was an individual game, played on 1 3 March 1 9 1 3.
7 (1301) In a letter to us dated 22 October 1987, Lodewijk Prins wrote: '/ cannot explain
Steiner's overlooking mate in one. If the diagrammed position is correct, both sides
must have been extremely short of time, I should think. '
8 (1449) The invention about Capablanca falling asleep during a game in the 1 927 World
Championship match was dealt with in C.N.s 824 and 86 1 .
The well-known story arising from a Capablanca-Vidmar game ('the most beautiful
move') was discussed in C.N.s 986, 1025, 1 208 and 1474.
2. Games
1 (1 14) Although there were games between Anderssen and Hirschfeld in the 186 1
Deutsche Schachzeitung, they were dated 1 860.
2 (53) Few authorities now believe that the Adams-Torre brilliancy was actually played.
See, for instance, C.N .s 397 and 1432, although a full account oft he affair remains to be
written. C.N. 1 366 reproduced a relevant letter that we own, written by E.Z.Adams to
Hermann Helms.
3 (127) On the subject of symmetry, C.N. 1 34 1 quoted the game J.M.Hanham
F.D.Rosebault, New York, 1909: 1 e4 e5 2 d3 d6 3 c3 c6 4 ltlf3 ltlf6 5 ltlbd2 ltlbd7
6 �e2 �e7 7 0-0 0-0 8 lite1 liteS 9 ltlfl ltlf8 10 ltlg3 ltlg6 1 1 �fl �f8 12 h3 h6
1 3 1!Yc2 1!Yc7 14 �e3 �e6 1 5 d4 d5 1 6 dxe5 ltlxe4. Black eventually won.
C.N. 1488 referred to the case of Rotlewi-Eljaschoff (Elyashov), St Petersburg

Hauptturnier, 1909, as given on page 17 of Chess Kaleidoscope by Karpov and Gik, but
in C.N. 1 507 Fran�tois Zutter pointed out that according to the tournament book the
game began 1 e4 e5 2 lbf3 lbc6 3 lbc3 lbf6 (and not 1 e4 e5 2 lbf3 lbf6 3 lbc3 lbc6,
as suggested by Karpov and Gik). Imperfect symmetry also occurred in Schwarz
Marco, Vienna, 1 890 (C.N. 60 1 ).
Some biographical information on the little-known Rosebault, who for a time was
Capablanca's business partner, appeared in C.N.s 134 1 , 143 1 and 146 1 .
4 (182) A s P. Anderson Graham's collection was published in 1 899, the last quarter of
a century of Blackburne's life has yet to be treated in book form.
5 (351) The spellings Janowsky/Janowski were debated in C.N.s 337, 4 1 8, 1667, 1 702,
1 777, 1866 and 1 874.
C.N. 1 1 60 referred to a remark that Janowsky's chess was 'like Marie Antoinette
beautiful but unfortunate', and C.N. 1 322 mentioned another work which, with an
exchange of queens, quoted Janowsky as describing himself, and Mary Stuart, as
'splendid but unlucky'. The origins of the claim became clearer when C.N. 1667 gave
a quote from Pester Loyd of 2 1 June 1 898: 'According to Janowsky, his play is like Mary
Stuart, Queen of Scots: "beautiful but unlucky".' We have since found the following
on pages 63-64 of the American Chess Magazine, August 1 898: 'His play is, according
to a remark of his own, like Mary Stuart, "beautiful, but unfortunate".'
Brief information about Janowsky's chess-playing brother appeared in C.N.s 367
and 525.
6 (351) 'S. A . . . . . r' may have been Sigmund Auspitzer, a member of the Wiener
Schach-Club mentioned on page 41 of the February 1900 Wiener Schachzeitung.
7 (771) 32 'ti'a6+ would have won the black rook. Page 41 of the February 1904 Deutsche
Schachzeitung published this game, stating that Black resigned at move 30.
8 (905) On the subject of brief correspondence games, see C.N .s 282 and 1 045.
9 (1 1 71) Information is sought on F.Norton and Blanca Fleischmann.
10 (1 171) C.N. 1 293 gave an account of Jutta Hempel, based on material provided by
Ludwig Steinkohl.
11 (1 1 78) C.N. 1085 established that Juan Corzo died on 27 September 194 1 , and not
in 1938 as had generally been stated. We wrote an article about him, entitled 'Immortal
but Unknown', on pages 76-78 of the 8/ 1988 New in Chess.
12 (1323) No record of the 1957 Soviet Junior Championship referred to by M. van
Fondern's book has been traced. Bob Wade suggests that the game was probably
played at that year's Soviet Junior Team Championship in Vladimir, an event in which
both Dzindzichashvili and Zacharov competed.
13 (1380) There was also diversification in C.N. 1426, which presented an Alekhine
victory at double move chess. It is one of two games to be found on page 1 88 of
D.B. Pritchard's excellent The Encyclopedia of Chess Variants (published by Games &
Puzzles in 1994 ).
14 (1518) C.N. 1 63 1 quoted a fanciful passage about Reshevsky, supplied by Robert
Sinnott, in the Boston Post of 4 April 1921 (page 2):
Endnotes 259
' . . . He follows the moves [of the Lasker v Capablanca title match] as reported
closely, commenting upon them, and solving their intricacies.
Many people have asked why the boy does not play the champions for
world's honors. Those who have charge of the lad are opposed to a match
with the champions, but not on the ground that Samuel could not defeat his
famed opponents. Such a match would be of a [sic] days and weeks, probably
inasmuch as the champions move with great care and devote much time to
planning moves. The mental strain on the young mind might have an
injurious effect on his intellect and health, and for that reason, any talk of a
championship contest has been tabooed.'
After Reshevsky's death in 1992, claims surfaced that he had given some chess players
1909, rather than the commonly accepted 1 9 1 1 , as his year of birth. See, for instance, the
article by A.Soltis on pages 1 0- 1 1 of the August 1992 Chess Life.
15 (1525) C.N. 1977 quoted from Alekhine's tribute to Gunsberg in La Naci6n of
10 August 1 930.
16 (1539) C.N. 173 pointed out that Spielmann once lost twelve games in a tournament
(Carlsbad, 1 923).
17 (1586) The disputed date and circumstances of Przepi6rka's death were discussed
in C.N.s 44 1 , 465, 480, 5 8 1 and 687.
18 (1811) Since White had a straightforward mate in three (with 't!Vxd5+) at moves 25
and 26, it may be wondered whether Black's 1 8th move was not the natural . . . c6
rather than . .. :ac8.
19 (1852) The venue and date of this game were not available when C.N. 1 852 was
written. We have since found them on page 1 79 ofthe June 1900Deutsche Schachzeitung.
Stahlberg annotated the game on pages 37-39 of the February 193 1 Tidskrift for
Schack. Instead of Lasker's 26 lbxd8 he proposed, with analysis, 26 ne7.
20 (1859) Purdy annotated the game on pages 89-90 of the 14 November 1938 issue of
CHESS, describing it as 'easily the most exciting game I ever played, or am ever likely to
play . . . Both the winner and the loser declared, and still declare, this game to be the best
in which either has ever taken part - surely a record.'
3. Openings
1 (1 12) For example, Alekhine played Alekhine's Defence against Nimzowitsch at

Semmering, 1926, Dresden, 1926 and New York, 1927, losing the first game and
drawing the other two.
2 (248) An earlier instance was page 43 of CHESS, 14 October 1935.
3 (124) On page 4 1 5 of the 14 August 1938 CHESS Tartakower gave the finish as
' 19 QxRP and White wins easily'. In 1995 Richard Forster pointed out that after
19 't!fxh7 Black could have resisted with 19 . . . f5 20 lbxf5 't!ff2. Our correspondent also
mentioned that 19 i.d7+ would have won easily: A): 19 ... <M8 20 Wh6+ �g8 2 1 lbf5
lbxf5 22 .txf5, or B): 19 . . . �d8 20 't!fxf7 c6 2 1 i.g4+ �c7 22 lild7+ �b6 23 't!fb3+ �a5
24 lbc4+. In the latter line the alternative 23 ... 't!fb5 loses to 24 lbc4+ �c5 25 'Wa3+
�xc4 26 .ie2 mate (Myers).

Another of Tartakower's experiments was referred to in C.N. 1 73: against
Opocensky at Paris, 1 925, he played 1 e4 e5 2 g3.
4 (344) We subsequently found an earlier ( 1908) game beginning 1 lLlh3: see C.N. 1 745
page 102 above. Tartakower wrote an article about 1 lLlh3 on pages 333-334 of the
November 1932 Wiener Schachzeitung.
5 (183) In C.N. 1 320 Edward Janusz drew attention to a comment by Blackburne on
page 1 22 of his games collection : 'The English was once looked upon as sound but is
now practically discarded.'
6 (283) Golombek's exact words, in the section on Blackburne in The Game of Chess,
were: 'His games, though so strongly influenced by Morphy, also curiously foreshadow
the most modern developments.' He stated that Blackburne's English Opening at
Ostend, 1907 'was remarkably similar for some twelve moves to the system evolved
many years later by Reti' . The relevant Ostend games must be Blackburne's encounters
with E.Znosko-Borovsky, W.John and E.Cohn.
7 (499) 1 ... a6 was discussed in C.N. 393.
8 (601) There is a slightly older specimen of the Richter-Veresov opening on pages 298-
300 of the October 1 889 International Chess Magazine: 1 d4 d5 2 lLlc3 lLlf6 3 .ig5 e6
(Gunsberg-Burn, Amsterdam, 1 889). Black won in 41 moves.
9 (744) Another opening which is either a blunder or playable theory is 1 e4 e5 2 lLlf3
lLlc6 3 i.c4 .ie7 4 d4 exd4 5 c3 dxc3 6 '@d5 (C.N.s 99, 194 and 1068).
10 (751) 1 h3 is known as the Clemenz Opening. Hermann Clemenz used it in a miniature
played at a six-board blindfold exhibition in St Petersburg in 1 873 (La Strategie, 1 5
February 1 8 8 1 , page 52).
11 (819) Regarding Gri.infeld's use of 1 e4, see the anthology by Michael Ehn (published
in 1993).
12 (876) Alekhine's (rare) quick wins against the Caro-Kann were discussed in C.N.s
1 1 6, 1 58, 257, 955 and 1 1 1 8.
C.N. 42 mentioned that the Oxford Encyclopedia of Chess Games, which covered the
period 1485- 1 866, contains only one game with the Caro-Kann Defence: J.H.Zukertort
v F.Lehmann and L.Waldstein, Posen, 3 1 August 1 864. It began 1 e4 c6 2 d4 d5 3 e5 f6
4 f4 e6, and White won in 33 moves.
13 (916) Background information concerning, inter alia, the New York, 1924
tournament is provided by the correspondence involving Alekhine which Hanon
Russell kindly offered for verbatim quotation in C.N. 1888. The unique Russell
Collection was described in C.N. 1 790.
14 (1607) C.N. 593 quoted Fine's observation in Lessons from My Games (page 1 52)
concerning AVRO, 1938: 'It is curious that not a single player dar:ed to try a Sicilian
in the whole tournament.'
15 (1 157) C.N. 300 gave a note on Saint-Amant's death.
16 (1583) A game between Adolf Schwarz and Philipp Meitner (Vienna, April 1 878)
began 1 e4 e5 2 lLlf3 lLlc6 3 lLlc3 lLlf6 4 .ib5 lLld4 (Deutsche Schachzeitung, October
November 1 879, page 334). The same magazine (May 1 875, pages 149- 1 50) had an even
Endnotes 261
older game (Jacob Elson v Eugene Delmar, Philadelphia, 1 875), which began 1 e4 e5
2 ltlf3 ltlc6 3 i.b5 lLlf6 4 ltlc3 lLld4.
17 (1 745) Stefan BUcker has provided an earlier publication of the Bleis-Alber game:
page 7 1 of the 24 July 1988 issue of Karl.
18 (1 798) The earliest known 'Marshall Gambit' , Walbrodt v Conill, Ostolaza, Lopez
and Herrera (Havana, 1 8 or 19 February 1 893), was given in C.N. 1996.
4. Miscellanea
1 (1134) No match was played between Lasker and Pillsbury, and in under five years
Pillsbury was dead. C.N.s 229, 342, 997, 1 272, 1 608 and 1 696 discussed Pillsbury's end,
and, in particular, the claim that in 1 905 he jumped, or tried to, from a hospital
window.
2 (1134) The letter had previously been published on page 23 of the February 193 1
American Chess Bulletin.
3 (1215) In a letter sent from London on 23 July 1 854 (i.e. four years before his match
with Morphy) Harrwitz wrote:
'Chess, if it has not been otherwise profitable, has procured me many a dear
friend, but now my career is closed - I have ascended the ladder, and will not
condescend to redescend it - so I give up Chess altogether, go home and settle
down into obscurity, which, if less conducive to renown and glory, is a great
deal more so to health. When ambition is satisfied we look for something
more solid and enduring. After years of indisposition and labour, I have at
last discovered that I am "paying too much for my whistle".'
Source: BCM, May 1 884, page 1 82.
In a statement dated 13 March 1924 which was published on page 1 6 1 of the
September-October American Chess Bulletin of that year, Capablanca declared:
'I wish to announce that it is extremely doubtful if ever again I participate in
an international tournament. Only the fact that [New York, 1924] was the
first big tournament in the United States for the last twenty years made me
come to play, as for the last year, since my father's death, I had decided to
practically retire from hard chess competition. I expect in the future to play
only occasionally in public exhibitions.
As for my title of world's champion, I would gladly relinquish it, but,
feeling that the young players have a right to fight for it, I shall patiently wait
a few years at least u ntil one of them comes up to expectations and beats me
in a match for the title. If by chance it should happen that I manage to retain
my title for some time yet, I shall then see what steps can be taken for me to
retire without giving the other players any just cause of complaint.'
In a further declaration, dated 31 July 1924 and published in the September
October 1924 American Chess Bulletin (page 1 62), Capablanca announced: 'Dr Lasker's
victory [at New York, 1924] forces me to change my intentions for the time being
at least. Were I to retire, the championship would revert to Dr Lasker and the old
situation would again obtain, which, to my mind, is not desirable. I must, therefore,
remain in the saddle.'
Alfred Kreymborg's claim to have retired is related in C.N. 1 744 (pages 1 35- 136
above).
4 (1 776) A feature by Steven W. Gordon on pages 43-52 of the April 1995 Chess Life pre
sented photographs of a number of chess-related street names in Anchorage, Alaska.
5 (1164) Another side to Kostic arises from Heidenfeld's reference, quoted in C.N. 4,
to 'the usual blarney Kostic used to dish out everywhere to endear himself to his
varying audiences'.
6 (287) Subsequent research by J.Gaige suggested that Lawson's birth-date was
probably 19 April 1 886. This would mean that he was about 90 when his Morphy book
was published and 93 when he wrote on Morphy for World Chess Champions.
7 (1078) The BCM misspelled Cassel's name 'Cassell' throughout.
8 (1602) Pages 78-79 of CHESS, 14 November 1937 reported: 'A writ claiming damages
for alleged libel has been issued by Ernst Klein, the Austrian chess master now living at
Clanricarde Gardens, Bayswater, London, against Dr Alekhine, Miss Menchik,
G.Koltanowski, E.Cox, L.Prins, Reuben Fine, W.A.T.Schelfhout, S.Landau and
G. van Doesburgh . . . The action is concerned with a document prepared at Margate
during the Easter congress in which certain allegations were made concerning Mr
Klein's desirability as an opponent.' The same magazine ( 14 April 1938, page 269)
announced that Klein had withdrawn his libel action after obtaining an apology
with indemnification for costs. He stated that his 'honour has now been vindicated'.
9 (1 767) C.N. 1 7 1 3 reported that Donald Schultz ofthe United States Chess Federation
had announced a lawsuit against Larry Evans for libel, slander and defamation. The
final ruling (2 1 August 1989) dismissed the suit on jurisdictional points.
Page 3 of the 7 February 1994 Inside Chess recorded the legal outcome of the
unauthorised copying by Raymond Keene (in The Complete Book of Gambits) of John
Donaldson's analysis of the Lisitsin Gambit.
10 (482) Extracts from Fischer's article were quoted in C.N. 575.
11 (484) Mr Macdonald-Ross generously allowed C.N. 1 047 to quote in full a letter in
his possession written by J.H.Sarratt on 1 2 November 1 8 10.
12 (1551) Below is a condensed version of an account on pages 105- 106 ofthe December
1 880 issue of The Chess Monthly:
'For some weeks past the Canadian Chess columns are discussing the cause
celebre Shaw v Ryall, the bone of contention being the application of the
fifty moves-rule. In the preceding Correspondence Tourney Mr Shaw's
opponent lost on the sixth move by a gross oversight his Queen for a Knight,
whereupon he, instead of resigning, called upon Mr Shaw to mate him in fifty
moves, the game otherwise to be called a draw. Mr Shaw refused, whence an
appeal to the conductor, Dr Ryall, who decided in favour of the widowed
game. Mr Shaw continues the game under protest, and appeals to the tribunal
of public opinion. We confess to have always considered the reason for this
rule was not to save hopelessly lost games, but to prevent pugnacious Chess-
Endnotes 263
players from protracting their contests when not able to win up to the Greek
Kalends. Our interpretation is simple enough: in all difficult end-games, but
only in these, the weaker party has the right to limit thefight tofifty moves, with
the proviso that whenever a material change offorces takes place the counting
may recommence. We must add that even with our interpretation the rule
appears to us unjust, and we could quote many most natural end-positions
where the win is easily demonstrated analytically, but cannot be achieved
within fifty moves.'
Steinitz discussed aspects of the fifty-move rule in The International Chess Magazine,
October 1 886, pages 306-307, and November 1 886, pages 33 1-332.
13 (661) This beautiful poem was dedicated to the memory of R.H.S.Stevenson .
1 4 (706) C.N. 1 1 77: 'This incident was reported i n the Cuban magazine Jaque Mate
2-3/197 1 (page 85), where it was claimed (on what basis?) that 3 lbd2 was played. That
would exclude the Lake Hopatcong game, but we feel it is more likely that Jaque Mate
is wrong.'
On page 293 of his book on Marshall, Soltis stated categorically, without indicating
his source, that Mar6czy's long thought was indeed against Marshall at Lake Hopat
cong, 1 926.
15 (780) C.N. 664 had referred to the cases of Swiderski (see also C.N. 75 1 , page 45
above) and von Bardeleben. C.N. 1339 reviewed W. A. Whyatt's Chess Problems by Bob .
Meadley, noting that the composer took his own life in 1976. Another instance was
J .Minckwitz.
16 (780) News of his suicide was published in the July 1 941 BCM, page 1 89.
17 (790) In C.N. 862 C.D.Robinson commented: 'Alekhine is alleged to have stabbed
himself about 3 a·. m. after celebrating his birthday. The actual date would be either
20 October or 1 November, according to whether he kept his birthday on the Russian
date of 19 October or the Western date of 31 October. This allows a maximum of 24
days in which to recover from a serious wound and to travel from Aachen to Vienna
for a tournament beginning on 13 November. . . Lance/ is wrong when he claims that
Vienna, 1922 was Alekhine's worst result between Scheveningen, 1913 and Nottingham,
1936. The earlier limit should be Vilna, 1912 (the All-Russian Tournament). '
C.N. 1 854 offered an excerpt from the reminiscences of Francisco Jose Perez in the
March 1989 Revista Internacional de Ajedrez (page 1 4). Regarding Alekhine he said:
'While playing in a tournament in Sabadell in 1945, Alekhine said that he did
not have the courage to commit suicide; his wife had written to him saying
that she did not want to hear from him any more.'
On page 1 25 of the April 1956 Chess Review Kmoch recalled that at Dubrovnik in
1950 Tartakower 'had lost his zest, hinted occasionally at suicide'.
18 (887) Koltanowski later contradicted himself regarding the Flohr anecdote. See
C.N. 1 234 (page 1 60 above).
19 (938) In C.N. 960 Rob Verhoeven reported that a historic recording, made after the
1937 World Championship match, had just been rebroadcast in the Dutch radio
programme Man en Paard. Euwe and Fine spoke in Dutch, Alekhine in German.
20 (1241) Commentators remarked on Nigel Short's willingness to accept doubled

pawns in his 1993 match against Kasparov.
21 (1311) The Wallace Murder Case was discussed in C.N.s 476 and 599.
22 (1294) C.N. 564 quoted from pages 38-39 of Chernev's Wonders and Curiosities of
Chess:
'A strange disaster occurred to Lasker and Capablanca in 1934. Alekhine
beat Lasker at Zurich in 26 moves, sacrificing his Queen to do so; Lilienthal
beat Capablanca at Hastings in 26 moves, sacrificing his Queen to do so !'
Alas, the Lilienthal-Capablanca game was played on I January 1935.
23 (1815) See also C.N. 404 (page 1 83 above) for an alleged piece of prescience by Lasker.
24 (1530) C.N. 1 1 58 gave the sentiments of Emanuel Lasker: 'Down with all nationalism
in our old, noble, profound game' (BCM, August 1924, page 3 1 8).
25 (1538) Page 280 of William Steinitz, Chess Champion by Kurt Landsberger
(McFarland & Company, Inc., 1993) mentions 'a book, The Victorian Era, by P.
Anderson Graham (apparently the same Mr Graham who published Mr Blackburne's
Games at Chess)'. Page 428 of Who Was Who 1916- 1928 had an entry on P[eter]
Anderson Graham (died 25 October 1 925), a prolific author and sometime editor of
Country Life. His recreations were listed as chess, billiards and golf.
26 (1612) A comment on Capablanca-Romih, Paris, 1 1 January 1938.
27 (1 748) Under the heading 'A Scientific Hint for Women Players', page 196 of the
September 1 897 American Chess Magazine referred to a report in the Troy Times that
an unnamed 'great scientist' had revealed that women's inferiority at chess was due to
their use of wire hair-pins. These excited 'counter-currents of electricity' . . . 'and so
bewilder the wearer's brain with strange vagaries, and lead them to do whimsical
things'. Shell hair-pins were recommended to improve playing strength.
28 (1814) Since Kreymborg's article stated that his return to chess, after an absence of
nearly twenty years, was encouraged by George Beihoff (who died in 1937), we now
realise that our correspondent's reference to the 1940 game is not pertinent.
29 (1875) In C.N. 1 86 1 Bob Meadley wrote a seven-page account of 'The Great Chess
Fraud of 1 870' , concerning Andrew Burns and Alexander McCombe in Australia.
A Blumenfeld/Przepiorka imposture was related in C.N. 2027.
Two players often alleged to have invented brilliant wins are V.Tietz (see C.N.s 2 1 5,
32 1 , 5 16 and 896) and Prince Dadian of Mingrelia (C.N.s 1 334, 1490, 1 503, 1 542 and
1 627).
5. Gaffes
1 (23 & 74) C.N. 557 listed an illustrative sample of the large number of historical errors
in Chess for Tomorrow's Champions by J.N.Walker (Oxford University Press, 1983),
whilst praising the book's treatment of how to play chess. The 1995 edition, published
by Cadogan Chess, was better.
2 (93) Regarding concentrations of errors, C.N. 19 quoted from page 95 of The Art of the
Endnotes 265
Checkmate by G.Renaud and V.Kahn: 'James Harry Blackburne, 1 842- 1926', which
should have read Joseph Henry Blackburne, 1 841-1924. The mistakes came from the
French original (page 96).
3 (1868) Koltanowski's writings play havoc with the English language. For example,
on page 1 39 of With the Chess Masters ( 1 972) he annotated a move with 'Now White has
a strong positional position'. See also C.N. 1 234 (page 1 60 above).
C.N. 332 quoted a number of specimens of defective English in Best Chess Games
197D-80 by J. Speelman, while C.N. 1 079 gave instances from Moscow Marathon by
J.Speelman and J.Tisdall. In the latter item we regretted the absence of the kind of
editing described by Clive James on page 33 of Falling Towards England (London, 1985):
' . . . sorting out tenses, expunging solecisms and re-allocating misplaced clauses to the
stump from which they had been torn loose by the sort of non-writing writer for whom
grammar is not even a mystery, merely an irrelevance.'
4 (285) As reported in C.N. 1027 (see page 2 1 5 above), a book purportedly by Karpov
also overlooked the two events, in both of which he had participated.
5 (473) This is a single example from C.N. 473's two-and-a-half-page list of factual
errors by Reinfeld in the Capablanca chapter of The Human Side of Chess.
C.N. 644 cited the view of Irving Chernev, in a letter to us dated 19 January 1977:
'I thought I was the only one who saw that The Human Side of Chess was written
with venom. But then, Reinfeld hated impartially! He hated Morphy, Alekhine and
Capablanca most of all. He hated all chessplayers - except those who bought his books.
Those he despised!'
On page 1 27 of America's Chess Heritage, Walter Korn reported that in 1950 he had
questioned Reinfeld about the contrasting quality of his early and late writing. Reinfeld
replied: 'In those days I played and wrote seriously - and got nothing for it. When I pour
out the mass-produced trash, the royalties come rolling in. '
6 (512) C.N. 272 reported that pages 209-210 o f The Year-Book of Chess, 1912 gave a
list of masters' percentages for the year 1 9 1 1 , based on points scored in international
tournaments only. Top was M.Lowtzky (ahead of Capablanca and Schlechter).
7 (539) A few other jewels from 'Professor de Lyons Pike's' book:
'Drawn games count for nothing.'
'Castling often improves the situation when the game is crowded.'
Final sentence of the opus: 'A great point to be observed in finishing a game, is, never
to allow the king to escape into the centre of the board.'
8 (585) The question of whether spectators really 'showered' the board with gold at
Breslau, 1 9 1 2 was debated in C.N.s 1 03, 445, 670, 7 14 and 768, with no clear-cut
conclusion being reached. A quote may be added here from page 1 5 1 of Chess Step by
Step by F.J.Marshall and J.C.H.Macbeth: ' . . . the spectators were so delighted with this
wonderful denouement that they enthusiastically made up a gold collection and
presented a handsome purse to the victor. ' That sounds decidedly more genteel than
'showering'.
9 (61 7) Among the alternative spellings are Cukierman and Tsukerman.
10 (61 7) C.N.s 1 709 and 1 778 provided a complete listing of Alekhine's books.
11 (704) The discrepancy remained in the subsequent English edition, A.Alekhine,
Agony of a Chess Genius (McFarland & Company, Inc . , 1989). See pages 2 1 6 and 227
of that book.
12 (836) Nor is it true that Euwe abandoned match play. For example, in July 194 1 he
played a match against Bogoljubow in Carlsbad.
13 (889) A 1973 book published in the United Kingdom by Batsford under the title
From Morphy to Fischer.
14 (889) AI Horowitz had died in 1973.
15 (889) C.N. 889 listed nearly three pages of mistakes in The Literature ofChess, one
of the least accurate chess books.
16 (945) C.N. 3 3 1 questioned the exact role in Botsford Chess Openings of Garry
Kasparov, who was referred to as a co-author. In a letter dated 1 6 September 1983
(published in C.N. 583) Raymond Keene therefore offered us a copy of Kasparov's
contribution, in return for a cheque for £50 payable to a chess charity. We immediately
accepted, but no material was ever provided, and nearly two years elapsed before
Mr Keene offered us a refund.
By then the level of Kasparov's involvement had been confirmed in two letters
received from the book's 'Research Editor', Eric Schiller. Although they were published
in full (in C.N.s 844 and 870), Mr Schiller made persistent claims that they had been
edited or quoted out of context, a falsehood which he continued to propagate even
after C .N. 1 737 had reproduced his original letters photographically.
C.N.s 507, 583 and 588 also drew attention to Batsford's misuse of Kasparov's name
in connection with two other books, Fighting Chess and My Games.
17 (966) Fine's much-discussed absence from the 1948 match-tournament for the
World Championship was referred to in C.N.s 1 680 and 1 9 1 5. See also pages 4-5 of
the 6/ 199 1 New in Chess.
18 (1054) In C.N. 1 103 Walter Korn pointed out that he alone was responsible for the
7th ( 1946) edition of Modern Chess Openings.
19 (1 143) In C.N. 1 1 76 Ken Neat criticised the English translation of Karpov's My Best
Games and suggested that a more reliable version of what Karpov said about Fischer
was to be found on page 194 of Anatoly Karpov: Chess is My Life (Pergamon Press,
1980). Concerning Larry Evans' claim on attitudes to Fischer, see C.N. 1 354 (page 246
above).
20 (1385) Larry Evans' reply was published in full in C.N. 1457. Among his comments
to us: 'I stand corrected even though you must admit it makes a good story. But you are
unscrupulous to deduce that I am defaming the character of Capa. Alekhine and Euwe
merely because I made the perfectly banal observation that dragging out hopeless
positions does "not endear a master to his colleagues". I wasn't even thinking of the trio
you dragooned out to discredit me. ' In short, Mr Evans completely misread C.N. 1 385,
which in any case was written by Lodewijk Prins and not by us.
'It makes a good story' was also the reply received from Fred Wilson after we
complained that he had published inaccuracies regarding Staunton's background
(C.N. 7 1 1 ). The same item reported James Pratt's memorable retort to us: ' You are
probably correct that my anecdotes about Steinitz, Torre and Adams are untrue but
I was writing purely to amuse myself. I would be very stupid if I spent hours and hours
Endnotes 267
on an article, weeks on research before that, only to have it dismissed as 25% ofmy stuff
is. '
21 (1357) Under the heading 'Instant confusion', C.N. 926 took two pages to list a
selection of errors and ambiguities in Instant Chess (Pergamon Press, 1984), which even
included many elementary missed mates. C.N. 1 559 pointed out that Walter Rau Verlag
had brought out a German edition (Blitzschnell Schach gelernt) with a flamboyant strip
on the front cover proclaiming 'Recommended by Garry Kasparov'.
22 (1785) Slaphappy writers continue to copy mistakes from the Encyclopaedia of Chess
Middlegames. See, for instance, the treatment of Capablanca's games in Chess
Combinations of The World Champions by Eric Tangborn (Dallas, 1994) and The Big
Book of Combinations by Eric Schiller (San Francisco, 1994).
23 (1926) The BCM did not publish a correction on this or on numerous other factual
matters where it had misinformed its readers. See C.N.s 128 1 , 1 387, 1 8 17, 1925 and
1926.
6. Mysteries
1 (1549) The well-known 'tree of knowledge' dictum was debated in C.N.s 56, 263,
485 and 1 200.
2 (774) The scrapbooks were discussed in C.N. 771 (page 45 above).
3 (1369) On page 306 of the July 1985 BCM we listed documentary proof that the 1909
match in Paris between Lasker and Janowsky was not for the World Championship.
Without any reference to the public record, Mr Raymond Keene has unyieldingly
asserted the opposite, and on page 346 of the August 1985 BCM he even claimed that
before the longer Lasker v Janowsky matches the latter had 'a vaguely level score' with
the World Champion. C.N. 1029 commented: 'The truth is that Lasker was ahead by
7 wins, 3 losses and 2 draws. This sheds further interesting light on Mr Keene's attitude
to facts: +7 -3 =2 is a vaguely level score but +6 -2 = 1 0 is a Massacre in Merano.'
In 1986 Batsford published an English translation, World Chess Championship,
Volume 1 , by P.Monin. C.N. 1 322 reported:
'Both the 1909 and the 1 9 1 0 Lasker-Janowsky matches have been included
and, despite the stubbornness of the company's chess adviser, we find a
Batsford editorial note o n page 25:
"There is substantial evidence that this match was not for the world
championship title. However, we have included it for the sake of
completeness. "
Let us not quibble about the phrase "substantial evidence" o r even the
meaningless "for the sake of completeness". What really matters is that the
note has been attached to the wrong Lasker-Janowsky match, the one that
really was for the World Championship. Bravo Batsford.'
In C.N. 1 386 Pablo Moran agreed with us that 'the 1909 Lasker-Janowsky match
in Paris was not for the World Championship'.
4 (24) C.N. s 783, 1 1 9 1 and 1 360 examined whether Alekhine's spectacular game v Feldt
was genuine. For another Alekhine puzzle, his claimed doctorate, see C.N.s 437, 487,
523, 1233, 1 374 and 1 842.
5 (39) The controversy regarding the Lasker v Schlechter match was also evoked in
C.N.s 8 1 , 1 308 and 1 762. For a detailed examination of the affair, see an article by
Louis Blair in Chess Horizons, November-December 1 988 (pages 52-59 and page 62),
a shortened version of which appeared in the February 1990 BCM (pages 48-55), and
the outstanding book Carl Schlechter! Life and Times of the A ustrian Chess Wizard
by W.Goldman (Caissa Editions, 1994). Nevertheless, that was not the final word, and
in late 1995 the debate was still in full swing in Schach Report and New in Chess.
6 (64) When publishing this game on page 1 72 of its July 1910 issue, the American Chess
Bulletin called James H. Taft, Jr. 'an enterprising young player of the Pillsbury Chess
Club of Brooklyn' . The same magazine (November 1 9 1 6 , page 223) reported that Taft
was active in the Brooklyn Chess Club. A .Soltis' book Frank Marshall, United States
Chess Champion (McFarland & Company, Inc., 1 994) ignored Taft.
7 (788) The game was ascribed to Torre ('played recently in Mexico') on page 327 of the
August 1929 BCM.
8 (440) Capablanca-Magazine, 1 5 October 1 9 1 2 (page 192) printed a chess/billiards
anecdote involving Kolisch that was similar to the one about Steinitz related by Robert
J. Buckley on page 90 of the April 1 9 1 3 American Chess Bulletin.
9 (183 7) One of the few books to give the Capablanca billiards story is Chessnicdotes by
George Koltanowski. On the same page (page 1 7) he presents the following score,
Capablanca's shortest tournament win:
J.R.Capablanca-E.Colle, Budapest, 1 929. Nimzo-Indian Defence.
1 d4 lLlf6 2 c4 e6 3 lLlc3 i.b4 4 'fi'b3 i.xc3+ 5 'fi'xc3 lLle4 6 'fi'c2 d5 7 tLlf3 0-0 8 e3
i.d7 9 i.e2 Ile8 10 0-0 e5 1 1 cxd5 Black resigns.
Koltanowski comments, 'The resignation seems rather early. True, Black has lost a
pawn, but Colle felt that was too much of a handicap against the great Cuban.' In
reality, as shown on page 53 of the tournament book by Tartakower, Black played
8 . . . lLlc6 and resigned at move eleven because a decisive loss of material was
unavoidable.
10 (341) Alleged ghosting by American writers was discussed in C .N.s 385, 445, 488,
520, 522, 580 and 1273. The contradictory accounts of the genesis of Reshevsky on
Chess were summarised in C.N. 2039.
11 (1403) C.N. 1 367 reproduced a letter in our possession from Seitz to Hermann
Helms, sent from a Buenos Aires address on 9 March 1946.
12 (702) C.N. 1526 quoted from page 253 of the June 1 895 BCM, which referred to a new
chess column in the Lady's Pictorial, 'edited by Mrs Gunsberg'.
13 (847) Annotating the game on pages 143- 144 of the 1 October 1942 issue of Deutsche
Schachbliitter, Alekhine also gave 1 0 ... Ilc8 1 1 Iilcl c5, contrary to the move order
in his (posthumous) book Gran Ajedrez. Moreover, in the German magazine Alekhine
stated that the opening moves were 1 lLlf3 lLlf6 2 c4 b6 3 d4 i.b7, whereas Gran Ajedrez
indicated 1 d4 lLlf6 2 lLlf3 b6 3 c4 i.b7.
C.N.s 1454 and 1472 referred to Keres' wartime activities. A detailed article by
Valter Heuer appeared on pages 78-88 of the 4/ 1995 issue of New in Chess.
Endnotes 269
14 (954) A 1 9 1 3 book, Memorable Chess Games, Brilliants, and Miniatures, with Notes,
Queries, and Answers by W.Moffatt, asserted (page 16) that the game had taken the
course later given by Wenman and had continued 1 8 'ifxf7+ �f7 19 i.xd5+ r:tie7
20 i.g2 1!t'h4+ 2 1 i.h3 1!Vxh3 mate. The same moves were provided by Mason on
page 143 of an earlier ( 1 900) work, Social Chess, although the game was merely
headed 'Won by Dr Max Lange'. Mason awarded an exclamation mark to 1 5 . . .
1!Vf2 but also, i n the notes, t o 1 5 . . . lhh5+. He called the latter line, which h e followed
through to 2 1 . . . 1Wg 1 mate, 'another and perhaps prettier way of winning' .
15 (972) The game was also given on pages 222-223 of Capab/anca-Magazine, 3 1
December 19 13, Black being called ' Sra. de Broch' (C.N. 1 16 1 ).
Page 193 of CHESS, 14 February 1938, quoted from H .W.Hawks in the Newcastle
Evening Chronicle: 'In a long career - over 50 years of chess - Dr Lasker has acquired
the unique distinction of never winning a game from a lady. As a chess gallant he is
without a peer.' In fact, Lasker had a 1 00% record in serious play, derived from his win
against Vera Menchik in their only game (Moscow, 1935). We gave a simultaneous
display victory by Lasker over Miss A .M .Gooding on page 103 of CHESS, March 1980.
16 (11 06) On page 29 of his first volume of best games, Tartakower called Chigorin
'the Russian giant', not necessarily a reference to physical size.
17 (1 750) A correspondence game between C.S.Ashley and A.H.Tollit published on
page 285 of the August 1923 BCM went 1 3 h3 ltle2+ 14 r:tih 1 lixh3+ 1 5 gxh3 i.f3 mate.
18 (1 750) It continued 1 1 d4 exd4 1 2 e5 dxe5 1 3 i.xe5 ltlxe5 14 ltlxe5 1!Vf5 1 5 ltlxg4
hxg4 1 6 i.d3 1!fd5 1 7 b4 0-0-0 1 8 c4 Wc6 19 bxc5 lixh4 20 f3 lidh8 2 1 fxg4 'ife8, etc.
19 (1 763) In the Lasker-Thomas game, the quicker win was 14 f4+, reported by Edward
Lasker himself on page 1 25 of Chess for Fun & Chess for Blood (C.N. 845). Moreover,
on page 1 3 of Chess Pie ( 1 922) he stated that in 1 9 1 3 Alekhine and Bernstein had found
another faster line: 16 ct>fl (or 1 6 0-0) and 1 7 ltlh2 mate. On pages 36-37 of Brilliance
in Chess Abrahams gave the opening moves as 1 d4 f5 2 e4 fxe4 3 ltlc3 ltlf6 4 i.g5
e6 5 ltlxe4 i.e7 6 i.xf6 i.xf6 7 ltlf3 b6 8 i.d3 i.b7 9 ltle5 0-0. Yet another version
of the game appeared on page 1 1 of Der Weg zur Meisterschaft by Franz Gutmayer,
which inexplicably abridged the finish to 10 'ifh5 We7 1 1 '@xh7+ c;!;>xh7 12 ltlxf6+
r:tih8 1 3 ltlg6 mate.
7. Reviews/Commentary
1 (323) This was written in 1983. Larry Evans' subsequent handling of topical issues
matched his treatment of history.
2 (848) The C.N. review of The Companion consisted mainly of quotation of interesting
items. We wrote a lengthier evaluation of the book on pages 23-24 of the January 1985
BCM and on pages 58-60 of the 6/ 1988 New in Chess.
3 (975) The remark about Karpov's poor reputation, made in the immediate aftermath
of the termination of the 1984-85 Karpov-Kasparov World Championship match, was
certainly accurate, but increasing doubts arose about its justification, chiefly because
of Hugh Myers' assessment in C.N. 1007 (which was debated by John Nunn, Harry
Golombek and B.H.Wood in C.N.s 1020, 1 06 1 and 1079) and the large number of
untruths that emerged from Kasparov's camp.
4 (1027) See C.N. 285 (page 142 above).
5 (1080) As noted in C.N. 1928, when the BCM reprinted Golombek's book in 1989,
it inserted a brief errata sheet which disregarded virtually all these mistakes and many
others. For a brief account of the BCM's subsequent unpleasant attempts to cover up
its negligence, see C.N. 195 1 .
6 (1324) From page 2 1 9 of Kasparov's Unlimited Challenge: 'The anti-Campo forces
could muster so little support that there wasn't even a vote.'
7 (1491) We wrote a more detailed appreciation of Chess Personalia, and of Jeremy
Gaige's work as a whole, on pages 58-60 of the 8/1 987 New in Chess.
8 (1491) Attempting in the February 1988 Chess Life (page 34) to account for his claim
that the call to Campomanes had been from Karpov's camp, Raymond Keene took
advantage of a handy misquotation of that claim (by David Goodman, his brother
in-law), and defended the deformed version rather than his actual original words.
(C. N. 1 568)
Equally guileful (bearing in mind that for several years Kasparov's associates refused
to acknowledge that Gligoric, and not Karpov's camp, had made the call) is the sub
sequent comment by Kasparov on page 1 22 of Unlimited Challenge: 'Gligoric could
not deny that it was he who made the call because this can be confirmed by independent
witnesses. '
A point from C.N. 1 348 may also be noted here. Kasparov declared i n the Sunday
Times magazine of 10 August 1 986: 'I am a quiet, simple person. I accept everything:
I think that whatever happens is always for the best.'
9 (1491) I n an interview with Dirk Jan ten Geuzendam published in the 1 / 1 990 issue
of New in Chess Kasparov was asked (page 49): 'You just mentioned Donald Trelford,
the ghost-writer of your controversial autobiography Child of Change. What are your
views on this now?' Kasparov replied:
'I have now finished my [emphatically] real autobiography, written by me,
in Russian, and it is called Unlimited Challenge. It is based on Child of
Change, but about ninety per cent is new stuff. . . This is the real Kasparov,
without any English editors. I deserved the critical reception of Child of
Change. I was too light-hearted, I did it just in between, which was very bad.
I think that from a historical point of view the book was absolutely right, but
the way it was presented was very bad. That was a mistake, which we can
rectify. But the idea of the book I'm going to defend till the end.'
The new book to which Kasparov was referring in his interview was Bezlimitny
Poyedinok (Moscow, 1989). In late 1 990, Unlimited Challenge ('The autobiography
of Garry Kasparov with Donald Trelford') was published by Fontana/Collins and
described as a 'revised and updated edition' of Child of Change. In the introduction
(page 5) Kasparov wrote, 'What is the use in simply calling someone a coward, spy,
mafioso or bribe-taker? Far more important for the reader are the documents, the facts,
logic and a clear-cut argument.' The book fell way short of these laudable sentiments.
Endnotes 271
10 (1853) In C.N. 1 872 Jeremy Gaige pointed out that a magazine entitled Tijdschrift
van den Nederlandsch-Indischen Schaakbond did exist. It was published in Indonesia.
8. Quotes
1 (7) Staunton's origins were treated in C.N.s 1 453 and 147 1 .

2 (13) C.N. 55 1 quoted Botvinnik in the context of Euwe's death in 198 1 :
'The World Champions die i n the strict order of their succession t o the title.
Thus the writer of these lines is the next on the list. I telephoned Smyslov and
reminded him that after me it would be his turn. Smyslov laughed; indeed, as
long as I am alive he can afford to laugh!'
Source: Europe Echecs, April 1983, page 1 3 .
The following year C.N. 820 reported that Petrosian had died, out of sequence.
Tal died in 1 992 and Botvinnik in 1995.
3 (91) It seems that the only problem book published in 1 857 was A Selectionfrom the
Problems of the Era Problem Tournament, prefaced by Lowenthal (published by T.Day,
London). A German edition, Era-Schachproblem-Turnierbuch, appeared in Leipzig the
same year. Any connection with Staunton remains to be established. Despite his use
of the word 'announcement' it is more likely that Staunton was referring to a work
of some five years previously. From page 34 of Betts' Annotated Bibliography: ' The
Cleveland catalogue also has the following entry under Staunton, Howard: "Chess
problems, consisting of upwards of seven hundred games and problems by the most
eminent players: being the whole of 'The Chess Player's Chronicle' for the years 1 85 1 &
1 852. 2 vols. in one. London, C.Skeat, 1 852." ' Has anybody ever seen a copy?
4 (394) An account of a very similar ga me, purportedly played in the 1957 Swiss Junior
Championship, was given in C.N.s 286 and 1 397. G .H . Diggle provided some bio
graphical information on Hamppe in C.N. 1 7 14.
5 (434) The contradictory evidence about Purdy's birth-date was presented in C.N .s
239, 294, 36 1 , 478 and 1 623.
6 (434) I.Q.P.: isolated queen's pawn.
7 (442) C.N. 21 quoted Botvinnik's description of himself on page 1 7 8 of Achieving the
Aim: 'A Jew by blood, a Russian by culture, Soviet by upbringing.'
8 (511) For a discussion of the spelling of Nimzowitsch's name, see C.N.s 20, 447, 5 18,
6 1 5, 1956 and 1987.
9 (594) Tentative efforts were made in C.N. to catalogue the records regarding the
number of opponents in simultaneous exhibitions (C.N .s 899, 939, 970 and 1 1 07) and in
blindfold displays (C.N.s 674 and 898).
10 (823) Olga Capablanca provided C.N. with three exclusive articles about her late
husband (C.N.s 1435, 1 50 1 and 1 54 1 ).
11 (823) C.N. 897 commented on an interview reprinted in Homenaje a Jose Raul
Capablanca (Havana, 1943):
'On page 1 06 Capablanca speaks of his last-round game at Nottingham, 1936
against Bogoljubow, giving a version which contradicts the story of Olga

Capablanca. He states that adjournment analysis convinced him that unless
Bogoljubow had sealed the best move (which would draw) Capa should win.
In fact, Bogoljubow had not put the correct move in the envelope, but when
the game was resumed Capa completely forgot all the analysis he had done a
few moments beforehand and became, inexplicably, convinced that the game
would be drawn in any case. He therefore played for a draw in a won position.
Neither story fits into Alekhine's interpretation of the game in the
tournament book, for he clearly believes that after the Cuban's blunder on
move 28 he had two (lucky) resources on moves 3 1 and 42 which were "just
sufficient to save the vital half-point". The game was drawn on move 46; had
Capa won he would have taken first prize outright.'
12 (863) Olga Capablanca's account of how her husband lost to Botvinnik was given
in C.N. 505.
On page 242 of the June 1979 CHESS we published Emanuel Lasker-Powell, simul
taneous exhibition, Liverpool, 1 895, a game which saw play similar to Botvinnik's
against Capablanca. Lasker too offered the sacrifice i.b2-a3 with the aim of diverting
the enemy queen, which was blocking a white passed pawn at e6.
13 (907) In 1994 Louis Blair wrote to us: 'The book Lasker's How to Play Chess is, as
far as I can tell, essentially the same as Lasker's Chess Primer, but the word "white"
has been replaced by "human". The Portman Press reprint ofLasker's Chess Primer left
out the first two paragraphs altogether and started with, "Chess originated from
.. .f.
warJare . . . ,,.
'
14 (10 75) For the Steinitz, Lasker, Potter controversy regarding the origins of 'modern
chess', see C.N.s 1 635, 1 698 and 1 85 1 . An article on the subject by Hans Ree (pages
6 1-63 of the 7/ 1990 New in Chess) was discussed in the correspondence pages of that
magazine's 11199 1 and 2/ 199 1 issues.
15 (1 197) Roland Henry Vaughan Scott ( 1 888- 1953) was British Champion in 1920.
16 (1197) Some information about Burn's ancestry was given in C.N. 69 1 . For a local
newspaper report of his death, see C.N. 85.
17 (1197) Page xvi of Reuben Fine's Lessonsfrom My Games was quoted in C.N. 593:
'Tinsley, Jr. was a frightfully weak player. As a result for years the chess department
of the London Times was run under most serious difficulties.'
In contrast, C.N. 45 cited Capablanca's appreciation of E.S.Tinsley in The Times of
21 September 1937:
'He did, perhaps, more than anyone else to develop the interest for good
chess in England and he devoted a great deal of time and energy to give the
readers of The Times as good and accurate a chess column as could be found
anywhere.'
It was pointed out in C.N. 7 1 9 that Elo's book (page 195) listed 'Edward S. Tinsley
1 869- 1937)' and gave him a best five-year average rating of 2400. There was clearly
a mix-up by Elo over the father (Samuel Tinsley) and his son, Edward.
18 (1354) See page 1 57 above.
Endnotes 273
19 (1391) In an October 1989 interview published in the 111990 New in Chess, Kasparov
declared (page 49): 'After the next World Championship match I will dedicate myself to
the rebuilding of the world of chess literature.' He didn't.
20 (1414) Also on the subject of book reviews, C.N. 1075 presented remarks by
F.M.Teed on page 1 09 of the May 1 886 International Chess Magazine:
'Chess reviewers, as a rule, are so indiscriminately laudatory that
conscientious criticism is likely to be regarded as the work of a malevolent,
splenetic, and generally unpleasant individual, yet such ought not to be the
case. It is an easy matter to write a gushingly favorable notice of such a book
as this [Chess-Nut Burrs], if one elect to dilate on its best features, and to pass
over its imperfections. Anyone can ring changes on "elegant typography",
"choice collection of gems", "the best work of the best workmen" , "terse and
incisive diction", or like conventional phrases; but that is a kind of writing
that signifies nothing, as a rule.'
Today one can easily think of countless editors and columnists who should read and
heed Teed's creed.
21 (1455) Lasker's name was spelled 'Larket'. C.N. 1455 gave a complete translation of
both articles. El Alcazar reported that Alekhine 'added that in the German magazine
Deutsche Schachzeitung and the German daily Pariser Zeitung, currently published in
Paris, he had been the first to deal with chess from the racial point of view' . We wrote
an account of the Alekhine Nazi articles affair on pages 68-70 of the 2/ 1989 New in
Chess.
C.N. 1 233 published a translation of an Alekhine article about Munich, 1941 (on
political matters and the individual players).
Alekhine wrote a series of articles on Carlsbad, 1929 for The New York Times,
reproduced in full in C.N.s 1 274 and 1 3 19. His articles for the same newspaper during
the first Alekhine v Bogoljubow World Championship match may be found in C.N.s
1 365, 1420, 145 1 , 1485 and 1 5 1 1 .
22 (1747) A comment by W.H. Watts in the introduction t o his mid- 1 920s book Chess
Masterpieces also shows how times have changed: 'There is no possible doubt that the
most popular Chess Books of the past have been collections of master games . . . Many
Chess books have proved u nacceptable to the Chess-playing public but not one
collection of master games has been a failure.' (C.N. 1026)
Book List
Abrahams, G . : Brilliance in Chess (Pitman Publishing Ltd., London, 1977)

Adams, J. : Johannes Zukertort, Artist of the Chessboard (Caissa Editions, Yorklyn,
1989)
Adams, W.W.: How to Play Chess (privately printed, undated)
Alekhine, A.: The Book of the New York International Chess Tournament 1924 (American
Chess Bulletin, New York, 1925)
Alekhine, A . : My Best Games of Chess 1908- 1923 (G.Bell & Sons Ltd., London, 1927)
Alekhine, A.: Internationales und 37. Schweizerisches Schachturnier in Zurich 1 934
(Schachgesellschaft ZUrich, Zurich, 1935)
Alekhine, A.: The Book of the Nottingham International Chess Tournament (Printing
Craft Ltd., London, 1 937)
Alekhine, A . : My Best Games of Chess 1924-193 7 (G.Bell & Sons Ltd., London, 1 939)
Alekhine, A . : Gran Torneo Internacional de Ajedrez Madrid - Octubre 1 943 (Afrodisio
Aguado, S.A., Madrid, 1944)
Alekhine, A . : Legado! (Editorial Dossat, S.A., Madrid, 1946)
Alekhine, A.: Gran Ajedrez (Ricardo Aguilera, Madrid, 1947)
Alekhine, A.: 107 Great Chess Battles (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1 980)
Alekhine, A.: On the Road to the World Championship 1 923-1927(Pergamon Press Ltd.,
Oxford, 1984)
Alexander, C.H.O'D.: Alekhine's Best Games of Chess 1 938-45 (G.Bell & Sons Ltd.,
London, 1949)
Alexander, C.H.O'D.: The Penguin Book of Chess Positions (Penguin Books Ltd.,
Harmondsworth, 1973)
Allgaier, J.: Neue theoretisch-praktische Anweisung zum Schachspiele (Bey Rotzel und
Kaulfusz, Vienna, 1 8 1 1 )
Andrews, H .J.C., Frankenstein, E.N., Laws, B.G. and Planck, C.: The Chess Problem
(Cassell, London, 1 887)
Araujo Pereira, A.: Alekhine, Campeao mundial de Xadrez em Portugal (Parceria
A.M . Pereira, Lisbon, 1940)
Averbakh, Y., Henkin, V. and Chekhover, V.: Comprehensive Chess Endings, volume 3
(Pergamon Press Ltd., Oxford, 1986)
Bachmann, L.: Schachmeister Steinitz (C.Briigel & Sohn A.G., Ansbach, 19 10)
Bachmann, L.: Schachjahrbuch fiir 1912 (C.Briigel & Sohn A.G., Ansbach, 1 9 1 3)
Ban, J.: The Tactics of End-Games (Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd. , London, 1973)
Basman, M . : Chess Openings (The Crowood Press, Ramsbury, 1987)
Berger, J.: Theorie und Praxis der Endspiele (second edition, Walter de Gruyter & Co.,
Berlin and Leipzig, 1922)
Bernstein, S.: Combat: My Fifty Years at the Chessboard(Atlantis Press Ltd., New York,
1977)
Betts, D.A.: CHESS: An Annotated Bibliography of Works Published in the English
Language 1850-1968 (G.K.Hall & Co., Boston, 1974)
Book List 277
Bird, H.E.: Chess Novelties (Frederick Warne and Co. , London, 1 895)
Bisguier, A. and Soltis, A. : American Chess Mastersfrom Morphy to Fischer (Macmillan
Publishing Co. , Inc., New York, 1 974)
Blumenthal, 0.: Schachminiaturen (Verlag von Veit & Comp., Leipzig, 1902)
Book, E . : Ododliga partier och andra schackkaserier (Wahlstrom & Widstrand,
Halmstad, 1966)
Borik, 0.: Budapest Gambit (B.T.Batsford Ltd., London, 1986)
Botterill, G.S., Levy, D .N.L., Rice, J.M. and Richardson, M.J.: British Chess
(Pergamon Press Ltd., Oxford, 1983)
Botvinnik, M.: Achieving the Aim (Pergamon Press Ltd., Oxford, 198 1 )
Botvinnik, M.: 1 5 Games & Their Stories (Chess Enterprises, Inc., Coraopolis, 1982)
Botvinnik, M.: Half a Century of Chess (Pergamon Press Ltd., Oxford, 1984)
Bouton, C. and Mercier, J-P. : Almanach des echecs (Editions Payot, Paris, 1989)
Brinckmann, A . : Grossmeister Bogoljubow (Walter de Gruyter & Co. , Berlin, 1953)
Brinckmann, A.: Siegbert Tarrasch Lehrmeister der Schachwelt (Walter de Gruyter &
Co., Berlin, 1963)
Brown, I.M.: The 'British Chess Magazine' Chess Annual, 1916 (British Chess Magazine,
Leeds, 1 9 1 7)
Capablanca, J.R.: Torneo Internacional de Ajedrez (Imp. Avisador Comercial, Havana,
1 9 1 3)
Capablanca, J.R.: My Chess Career (G.Bell & Sons Ltd., London, 1920)
Capablanca, J .R.: The World's Championship Chess Match Played at Havana (American
Chess Bulletin, New York, 192 1 )
Capablanca, J.R.: Chess Fundamentals (G. Bell & Sons Ltd., London, 192 1 )
Capablanca, J.R.: A Primer of Chess (G. Bell & Sons Ltd., London, 1935 and Harcourt,
Brace and Company, New York, 1935)
Cessolis, Jacobus de: The Game and Playe of the Chesse (William Caxton, 1476)
Chandler, M.: A White Pawn in Europe (privately printed, Wainuiomata, 1975)
Chandler, M. and Keene, R.: The English Chess Explosion (B.T.Batsford Ltd. , London,
198 1 )
Chernev, 1.: Curious Chess Facts (The Black Knight Press, New York, 1937)
Chernev, 1.: Chessboard Magic! (David McKay Company, Philadelphia, 1943)
Chernev, I. and Reinfeld, F.: The Fireside Book of Chess (Simon and Schuster, New
York, 1949)
Chernev, 1 . : The Bright Side of Chess (Hollis & Carter, London, 1952)
Chernev, I . : The I 000 Best Short Games of Chess (Simon and Schuster, New York, 1955)
Chernev, 1.: Wonders and Curiosities of Chess (Dover Publications, Inc., New York,
1974)
Chernev, 1 . : Capablanca's Best Chess Endings (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1978)
Cheron, A.: Lehr- und Handbuch der Endspiele, volume 3 (Das Schach-Archiv, Hamburg,
1969)
Cheshire, H.F.: The Hastings Chess Tournament, 1895 (Chatto & Windus, London,
1 896)
Clarke, P.H . : 100 Soviet Chess Miniatures (G.Bell & Sons Ltd. , London, 1963)
Cockburn, A . : Idle Passion (Simon and Schuster, New York, 1974)
Coles, R.N.: The Chess-player's Week-endBook (Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd . , London,
1950)
Coles, R.N.: H.E.Atkins: Doyen of British Chess Champions (Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons
Ltd., London, 1952)
Coles, R.N.: Dynamic Chess (Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd., London, 1956)
Cook, W . : Synopsis of the Chess Openings (various editions, London and Cincinnati,
1 874- 1 8 88)
Cook, W.: The Chess Players' Compendium (David McKay Company, Philadelphia,
1910)
Curdo, J.: Forty Years at the Top (Chess Enterprises, Inc. , Coraopolis, 1988)
Czerniak, M.: Torneo Internacional del Circulo de Ajedrez Octubre 1939 (Buenos Aires,
1946)
Dann, S.: Chess Was Front Page News . . . 80 Years Ago (privately printed, Worcester,
1972)
Davies, N.: The 2 f4 Sicilian (T.U.I. Enterprises Ltd. , Plumstead, 1985)
Devide, C.: A Memorial to William Steinitz (G. P.Putnam's Sons, New York, 190 1 )
Dickins, A. S.M. and Ebert, H . : 100 Classics of the Chessboard (Pergamon Press Ltd.,
Oxford, 1983)
Diemer, E .J . : Olympische Blitzsiege (Magyar Sakkvihig, Kecskemet, undated)
Diggle, G.H.: Chess Characters, Reminiscences of a Badmaster (Chess Notes, Geneva,
1984)
Dimer, J.: Der 21. Kongress des Deutschen Schachbundes (E. V.) in Hamburg 1921
(Verlag von Bernhard Kagan, Berlin, undated)
Dufresne, J.: Handbuch des Schachspiels (Verlag von Julius Springer, Berlin, 1 863)
du Mont, J.: 200 Miniature Games of Chess (Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd. , London,
194 1 )
du Mont, J. : Chess, More Miniature Games (Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd. , London,
1953)
Dyckhoff, E.: Fernschach-Kurzsch/Usse (Frits Barkhuis, Weidenau, 1947)
Edmondson, E.B. and Tal, M . : Chess Scandals: The 1978 World Chess Championship
(Pergamon Press Ltd., Oxford, 198 1 )
Ehn, M.: Ernst Franz Griinfeld (Wiener Schachverlag, Vienna, 1993)
Ellis, J.H.: Chess Sparks (Longmans, Green, & Co. , London, 1 895)
Elo, A.: The Rating of Chessplayers Past & Present (B.T.Batsford Ltd., London, 1978)
Euwe, M.: A an de nagedachtenis van Daniel Noteboom Jr. (H. Starn, Amsterdam/Haarlem,
1932)
Euwe, M.: Meet the Masters (Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd., London, 1940)
Book List 279
Euwe, M. and Prins, L.: Het Schaakphenomeen Jose Raoul Capablanca y Graupera (G.B.
van Goor zonen's Uitgeversmaatschappij N.V., The Hague, 1949)
Euwe M. and Prins, L.: Were/dschaaktoernooi Amsterdam 1950 (De Tijdstroom,
Lochem, 195 1)
Evans, L.: Vienna International Tournament, 1922 (privately printed, New York, 1948)
Evans, L.: David Bronstein's Best Games of Chess 1944-1949 (privately printed, New
York, 1950)
Evans, L.: Modern Chess Brilliancies (Simon and Schuster, New York, 1970)
Evans, L.: Evans on Chess (Cornerstone Library, New York, 1974)
Evans, L.: The Chess Beat (Pergamon Press Ltd. , Oxford, 1982)
Feenstra Kuiper, P.: Hundert Jahre Schachzweikiimpfe (W. Ten Have, Amsterdam,
1967)
Fine, R.: Basic Chess Endings (David McKay Company, Philadelphia, 194 1 )
Fine, R . : Chess The Easy Way (David McKay Company, Philadelphia, 1942)
Fine, R.: The Ideas Behind the Chess Openings (David McKay Company, Philadelphia,
1943)
Fine, R.: The World's Great Chess Games (Andre Deutsch, London, 1952)
Fine, R.: Lessons from My Games (David McKay Company, Inc., New York, 1958)
Fine, R.: The Psychology of the Chess Player (Dover Publications, Inc., New York,
1967)
Fine, R.: Bobby Fischer's Conquest of the World Chess Championship (G.Bell & Sons
Ltd., London, 1975)
Fischer, R.J.: Bobby Fischer's Games of Chess (Museum Press Limited, London, 1959)
Fischer, R.J.: My 60 Memorable Games (Faber and Faber, London, 1969)
Fischer, R.J.: Mes 60 meilleures parties (Stock, Paris, 1972)
Fischer, R.J . : "I was Tortured in the Pasadena Jailhouse!" (privately printed, Pasadena,
1982)
Fiske, D .W. : The Book of the First American Chess Congress (Rudd & Carleton, New
York, 1 859)
Gaige, J.: A Catalog of Chessplayers & Problemists (privately printed, Philadelphia,
197 1 )
Gaige, J . : Chess Tournament Crosstables Volume IV (1921-1930) (privately printed,
Philadelphia, 1974)
Gaige, J.: A Catalog of U. S.A. Chess Personalia (privately printed, Worcester, 1980)
Gaige, J. : Chess Personalia, A Biobibliography (McFarland & Company, Inc. , Jefferson,
1987)
Gebhardt, R. , Schlechter, C. and Marco, G.: Der zwolfte Kongress des Deutschen
Schachbundes. Munchen 1900 (Verlag von Veit & Comp. , Leipzig, 190 1 )
Gelabert, J.: Glorias del Tablero "Capablanca" (Havana, 1923)
Goldman, W.H.: Temesvar 1912 (E.T.C., Bamberg, 198 1 )
Goldman, W.H.: Vienna 1890 (E.T. C., Bamberg, 1983)
Goldman, W.H.: Carl Schlechter! Life and Times of the Austrian Chess Wizard (Caissa
Editions, Yorklyn, 1994)
Golombek, H.: Capablanca's Hundred Best Games of Chess (G.Bell & Sons, London,
1947)
Golombek, H.: The World Chess Championship 1948 (G.Bell & Sons Ltd., London,
1949)
Golombek, H.: The Game of Chess (Penguin Books Ltd., Harmondsworth, 1954)
Golombek, H.: The Encyclopedia of Chess (B.T.Batsford Ltd., London, 1977)
Golombek, H.: J.R. Capablanca, 75 seiner schonsten Partien (Walter de Gruyter & Co. ,
Berlin, 1977)
Golombek, H.: La partie d'echecs (Payot, Paris, 1979)
Golombek, H.: Beginning Chess (Penguin Books Ltd., Harmondsworth, 198 1 )
Graham, J.: The Literature of Chess (McFarland & Company, Inc. , Jefferson, 1984)
Graham, P. Anderson: Mr B/ackburne's Games at Chess (Longmans, Green and Co. ,
London, 1 899)
Grekov, N.I.: M.l. Chigorin (Fizkultura i Sport, Moscow, 1939)
Gutmayer, F.: Der Weg zur Meisterschaft (third edition, Berlin and Leipzig, 1 9 19)
Hammond, J. and Jamieson, R . : C.J. S.Purdy, His Life, His Games and His Writings
(Belmont Printing Company Pty. Ltd. , Melbourne, 1 982)
Hannak, J .: Emanuel Lasker, The Life of a Chess Master (Andre Deutsch, London, 1959)
Harding, T.D.: Irregular Openings (Chess Digest, Dallas, 1974)
Hartston, W.R. : The Kings of Chess (Pavilion Michael Joseph, London, 1985)
Hartston, W.R. et a/. : The Super Clash (Chequers Chess Publications, London, 1987)
Heidenfeld, W.: Lacking the Master Touch (South African Chessplayer, Cape Town,
1970)
Heidenfeld, W.: Draw! (George Allen & Unwin, London, 1982)
Heinicke, H.: Kunst des Positionsspiels (Verlag: Das Schach-Archiv Kurt Rattmann,
Hamburg, 198 1 )
Henniques, A.L.: The Games of the Intercolonial Chess Match - Melbourne versus New
South Wales played by Electric Telegraph on November 9th 1870 (privately printed, 1 87 1 )
Heuer, V.: Meie Keres (Kirjastus 'Eesti Raamat', Tallinn, 1977)
Hooper, D. and Brandreth, D.: The Unknown Capablanca (B.T.Batsford Ltd., London,
1975)
Hooper, D. and Whyld, K.: The Oxford Companion to Chess (Oxford University Press,
Oxford, 1984 and 1992)
Horowitz, A.: The World Chess Championship: A History (The Macmillan Company,
New York, 1973)
Horowitz, A.: From Morphy to Fischer (B.T.Batsford Ltd., London, 1973)
Horton, B.J.: Dictionary of Modern Chess (Philosophical Library, New York, 1959)
Hotton, P. and Kenny, H.A.: Chess Trivia (Quinlan Press, Boston, 1988)
Johannes Gallensis: Summa Collationum (Ulrich Zel, Cologne, circa 1470)
Book List 281
Kagan, B.: 20 Partien Capablanca's (B.Kagan's Verlag, Berlin, 1 9 1 5 )

Kagan, B.: II. Internationales Ju/ius-Breyer-Memorial Schachturnier (Schachverlag
Bernhard Kagan, Berlin, 1923)
Karpov, A.: My Best Games (RHM Press, Great Neck, 1978)
Karpov, A. and Roshal, A.: Anatoly Karpov: Chess is My Life (Pergamon Press Ltd.,
Oxford, 1980)
Karpov, A. and Gik, Y.: Chess Kaleidoscope (Pergamon Press Ltd., Oxford, 198 1 )
Karpov, A.: Chess at the Top (Pergamon Press Ltd. , Oxford, 1984)
Karpov, A.: Learn from Your Defeats (B.T.Batsford Ltd., London, 1985)
Karpov, A.: Miniatures from the World Champions (B.T.Batsford Ltd. , London, 1 985)
Kashdan, I. et a/. : Book of the Folkestone 1933 International Chess Team Tournament
(Whitehead & Miller Ltd., Leeds, 1933)
Kasparov, G. and Keene, R.: Botsford Chess Openings (B.T.Batsford Ltd., London,
1982, 1983, 1985 and 1986)
Kasparov, G.: The Test of Time (Pergamon Press Ltd., Oxford, 1 986)
Kasparov, G.: London-Leningrad Championship Games (Pergamon Press Ltd., Oxford,
1987)
Kasparov, G.: Child of Change (Hutchinson Ltd., London, 1987)
Kasparov, G.: Bezlimitny Poyedinok (Fizkultura i Sport, Moscow, 1989)
Kasparov, G.: Unlimited Challenge (Fontana Paperbacks, Glasgow, 1990)
Kasparov, G. and Wade, R.G.: Fighting Chess (B.T.Batsford Ltd., London - various
editions)
Kasparyan, G.M.: Domination in 2,545 Endgame Studies (Progress Publishers, Moscow,
1980)
Keene, R . : Flank Openings (British Chess Magazine, St Leonards-on-Sea, 1 968)
Keene, R. : Aron Nimzowitsch: A Reappraisal (G.Bell & Sons Ltd. , London, 1974)
Keene, R . : Nimzowitsch/Larsen A ttack (B.T. Batsford Ltd., London, 1977)
Keene, R . : Becoming a Grandmaster (B.T.Batsford Ltd., London, 1 977)
Keene, R. : London, 1927 (British Chess Magazine, St Leonards-on-Sea, 1983)
Keene, R.: Docklands Encounter (London Docklands Development Corporation,
London, 1984)
Keene, R. and Divinsky, N . : Warriors of the Mind (Hardinge Simpole Publishing,
Brighton, 1989)
Keene, R. : The Complete Book of Gambits (B.T.Batsford Ltd., London, 1992)
Keidanz, H . : Twenty Years of the Rice Gambit (American Chess Bulletin, New York,
19 16)
Kemeny, E.: The Monte Carlo Tournament of 1903 (American Chess Weekly, Phila
delphia, 1903)
Keres, P.: Ausgewiihlte Partien 1931-1958 (W. Ten Have, Amsterdam, 1964)
Keres, P .: Grandmaster of Chess: The Middle Years ofPaul Keres (Herbert Jenkins Ltd.,
London, 1966)
Keres, P.: Practical Chess Endings (B.T.Batsford Ltd. , London, 1984)

Kli.iver, H.: Faschingsschach der Welt (Siegfried Engelhardt Verlag, Berlin-Frohnau,
1963)
Kmoch, H.: Max Euwe (Walter de Gruyter & Co. , Berlin and Leipzig, 1938)
Koch, 0 . : Paul Rudolf v. Bilguer (Verlag von Hans Hedewig's Nachfolger, Leipzig,
1 9 1 5)
Koltanowski, G . : Adventures of a Chess Master (David McKay Company, Inc . , New
York, 1 955)
Koltanowski, G.: With the Chess Masters (Falcon Publishers, San Francisco, 1 972)
Koltanowski, G.: Chessnicdotes (Chess E nterprises, Inc., Coraopolis, 1978)
Koltanowski, G.: In the Dark (Chess Enterprises, Coraopolis, 1985)
Konig, 1.: Chess from Morphy to Botwinnik (G.Bell & Sons Ltd. , London, 1952)
Korn, W.: America's Chess Heritage (David McKay Company, Inc., New York, 1978)
Kosten, T.: Winning Endgames (The Crowood Press, Ramsbury, 1987)
Kotow (Kotov), A.: Das Schacherbe A/jechins, two volumes (Sportverlag, Berlin, 1957
and 196 1 )
Kotov, A. : Shakhmatnoe Nasledie A.A. Alekhina, two volumes (Fizkultura i Sport,
Moscow, 1953 and 1958)
Kotov, A . : Herencia ajedrecistica de Alekhine, four volumes (Ricardo Aguilera, Madrid,
1970- 1972)
Kotov, A.: Alexander Alekhine (B.T. Batsford Ltd., London, 1975)
Krabbe, T.: Chess Curiosities (George Allen & Unwin, London, 1 985)
Krejcik, J.: Mein Abschied vom Schach (Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin, 1955)
Landsberger, K.: William Steinitz, Chess Champion (McFarland & Company, Inc.,
Jefferson, 1993)
Lange, M.: Jahrbuch des Westdeutschen Schachbundes 1862 (Verlag von Veit & Comp. ,
Leipzig, 1 862)
Lange, M . : The Chess Genius of Paul Morphy (Hippocrene Books, Inc., New York,
1974)
Langfield, P. : Chess (Macdonald Guidelines, London, 1978)
Lasker, Ed. : Chess for Fun & Chess for Blood (David McKay Company, Philadelphia,
1942)
Lasker, Ed. : Chess: The Complete Self-Tutor (B.T.Batsford Ltd., London, 1973)
Lasker, Em.: Kampf (Verlag der Lasker's Publishing Co., New York, 1907)
Lasker, Em. , Znosko-Borovsky, E. and Maliutin, B.: Mezhdunarodny shakhmatny
kongres v pamyat' M.l. Chigorina, S. Peterburg, 1909 (St Petersburg, 1910)
Lasker, Em.: Lasker's Chess Manual (Printing-Craft Ltd., London, 1 932)
Lasker, Em.: Lasker's Manual of Chess (David McKay Company, New York, 1947 and
Dover Publications, Inc., New York, 1960)
Lasker, Em.: How to Play Chess (Gramercy Publishing Co. , New York, undated)
Lasker, Em.: Lasker's Chess Primer (Portman Press, London, 1988)
Book List 283
Lawson, D.: Paul Morphy, The Pride and Sorrow of Chess (David McKay Company,
Inc., New York, 1 976)
Le Lionnais, F.: Les Prix de Beaute aux Echecs (Payot, Paris, 195 1 )
Le Lionnais, F . and Maget, E.: Dictionnaire des Echecs (Presses universitaires de
France, Paris, 1974)
Levy D. and O'Connell, K . : Oxford Encyclopedia of Chess Games (Oxford University
Press, Oxford, 1 98 1 )
Levy, D . and O'Connell, K.: Instant Chess (Pergamon Press Ltd., Oxford, 1984)
Levy, D. and O'Connell, K.: B/itzschnell Schach gelernt (Walter Rau Verlag, Dusseldorf,
1987)
Lilienthal, A.: Eletem, A Sakk (Sport, Budapest, 1985)
Lilienthal, A.: Schach war mein Leben (Verlag Harri Deutsch, Frankfurt/Main, 1988)
Linder, V. and Linder, 1.: Kapablanka v Rossii (Sovyetskaya Rossiya, Moscow, 1 988)
Loon, A. and Euwe, M.: Hoe neef Jan een goed schaker wordt (G.B. van Goor zonen
Uitgeversmaatschappij N.V., The Hague, 1937)
Lowenthal, J.: A Selection from the Problems of the Era Problem Tournament (Thomas
Day, London, 1 857)
Lowenthal, J.: Era-Schachproblem-Turnierbuch (Verlagsbuchhandlung von J .J. Weber,
Leipzig, 1 857)
Lowenthal, J . : Morphy's Games of Chess (Henry G. Bohn, London, 1 860)
Lowenthal, J . : The Chess Congress of 1862 (Henry G. Bohn, London, 1 864)
Lyman, H. and Dann, S.: 75 Years of Affection for Chess, A Tribute to Harlow B. Daly
(privately printed, 1975)
Lyons, W.H.: Chess-Nut Burrs (W.W.Morgan, New Barnet, 1 886)
Marache, N.: Manual of Chess (Dick & Fitzgerald, New York, 1 866)
Marco, G.: Der lnternationale Schachkongress des Barmer Schachvereins 1905 (Barmer
Schachverein, Barmen, 1906)
Marco, G. and Schlechter, C.: Das Internationale Schachmeisterturnier in Karlsbad 1907
(Verlag der Wiener Schachzeitung, Vienna, 1908)
Mar6czy, G . : Paul Morphy (Verlag von Veit & Comp., Leipzig, 1909)
Marovic, D. and Zlatko, K.: Gary Kasparov: My Games (B.T.Batsford Ltd., London,
1983)
Marquez Sterling, M.: Un poco de ajedrez (Antigua imprenta del comercio, Mexico,
1 893)
Marshall, F.J. and Macbeth, J.C. H . : Chess Step by Step (E.P. Dutton & Company, New
York, 1924)
Marshall, F.J.: Chess Masterpieces (Simon and Schuster, New York, 1928)
Marshall, F.J.: Marshall's Best Games of Chess (Dover Publications, Inc., New York,
1 960). Formerly entitled: My Fifty Years of Chess (David McKay Company, Phila
delphia, 1 942)
Martinez Amengual, G . : 120 Partidas Cortas de Ajedrez (Ediciones del Semanario
Esfuerzo, Havana, 1948)

Mason, J.: Social Chess (Horace Cox, London, 1900)
McCormick, G.H. and Soltis, A . : The U. S. Chess Championship, 1845- 1985 (McFarland
& Company, Inc., Jefferson, 1986)
Meadley, B.: W.A. Whyatt's Chess Problems (Chess in Australia, Belmore, 1979)
Mednis, E.: How to Beat Bobby Fischer (Quadrangle/The New York Times Book Co.,
New York, 1974)
Mengarini, A . : Predicament in Two Dimensions (The Thinkers' Press, Davenport, 1979)
Michel, P.: Torneo internacional de ajedrez Dortmund 1 928 (M.A .Lachaga, Martinez,
1967)
Michell, E.A.: The Year-Book of Chess, 1911 (E.A.Michell, London, 19 1 1)
Michell, E.A.: The Year-Book of Chess, 1912 (E.A.Michell, London, 1 9 1 2)
Minckwitz, J.: Die Schachkongresse zu Dusseldorf, Koln u. Frankfurt aiM (Verlag von
Veit & Comp., Leipzig, 1 879)
Moffatt, W.: Memorable Chess Games, Brilliants, and Miniatures, with Notes, Queries,
and Answers (Stroud, 1 9 1 3 )
Moran, P . : Agonia de un Genio (Alekhine) (Ricardo Aguilera, Madrid, 1972)
Moran, P. : The World Chess Championship: Steinitz to Alekhine (B.T.Batsford Ltd. ,
London, 1 986)
Moran, P.: A.Alekhine, Agony of a Chess Genius (McFarland & Company, Inc., Jefferson,
1989)
Morphy-Voitier, R.: Life ofPaul Morphy in the Vieux Carre ofNew-Orleans andAbroad
(New Orleans, 1926)
MUller, H. and Pawelczak, A.: Schachgenie Aljechin (Siegfried Engelhardt Verlag,
Berlin-Frohnau, 1953)
Murray, H.J.R.: A History of Chess (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1 9 1 3)
Myers, H.: Exploring the Chess Openings (The Thinkers' Press, Davenport, 1978)
Napier, W.E.: The Amenities and Background ofChess-Play (W.E. and E.J.Napier, New
York, 1934)
Napier, W .E.: Paul Morphy and the Golden Age of Chess (David McKay Company, Inc.,
New York, 1957)
Neishtadt, 1.: Paul Keres Chess Master Class (Pergamon Press Ltd., Oxford, 1983)
Nimzowitsch, A.: My System (G. Bell & Sons Ltd., 1929)
Nimzowitsch, A.: The Praxis of My System (Printing-Craft Ltd., London, 1936)
Nimzowitsch, A.: Carlsbad International Chess Tournament 1929 (Dover Publications,
Inc., New York, 198 1 )
Nimzowitsch, A . : Chess Praxis (B.T.Batsford Ltd., London, 1986)
Pachman, L.: Modern Chess Tactics (Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, 1970)
Pachman, L.: The Opening Game in Chess (Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, 1982)
Palacio, C . : Ajedrez en Cuba (Imp. Arquimbau, Havana, 1960)
Palau, L.: Partidas Magistrales de Roberto Grau (Editorial Sopena, Buenos Aires, 1947)
Book List 285
Pandolfini, B . : The Best of Chess Life and Review, Volume 1 (Simon and Schuster, Inc.,
New York, 1988)
Pandolfini, B.: Chess Openings: Traps and Zaps (Simon and Schuster, Inc., New York,
1989)
Panov, V.: Kapablanka (Fizkultura i Sport, Moscow, 1970)
Petroff (Petrov), A.: Shakhmatnaya igra (v Tip. N. Grecha, St Petersburg, 1 824)
Pike, De Lyons: "Popular" Handbook of Chess (Gaskill & Webb, London, circa 1902)
Plaskett, J.: Playing to Win (B.T.Batsford Ltd. , London, 1988)
Platz, J . : Chess Memoirs (Chess Enterprises, Inc. , Coraopolis, 1 979)
Po mar, A.: Mis Cincuenta Partidas con Maestros (Editorial Dossat, S.A., Madrid, 1945)
Ponce-Sala, L.: Estrategia y Tactica en Ajedrez (Ediciones Zeus, Barcelona, 1975)
Pritchard, D.B . : The Encyclopedia of Chess Variants (Games & Puzzles, Godalming,
1994)
Purdy, C.J.S.: The Return of Alekhine (The Australasian Chess Review, Sydney, 1938)
Purdy, C.J.S. ('Chielamangus'): "Among These Mates" (The Australasian Chess
Review, Sydney, 1939)
Purdy, C.J.S., Hutchings, F. and Harrison, K.: How Purdy Won (Castle Books,
Cammeray, 1983)
Ravi Kumar, V.: Karpov's Best Games (Chess Check, Madras, circa 1984)
Reinfeld, F. and Fine, R.: Dr Lasker's Chess Career, Part I: 1889-1914 (Printing-Craft
Ltd. , London, 1935). Subsequently reissued as Lasker's Greatest Chess Games 1889-
1914 (Dover Publications, Inc., New York, 1965)
Reinfeld, F.: The Immortal Games of Capablanca (Chess Review, New York, 1942)
Reinfeld, F.: Tarrasch's Best Games of Chess (Chatto & Windus, London, 1947)
Reinfeld, F.: The Unknown Alekhine 1905- 1914 (Pitman Publishing Corporation, New
York, 1 949)
Reinfeld, F. : A Treasury of British Chess Masterpieces (Chatto & Windus, London,
1 950)
Reinfeld, F.: The Treasury of Chess Lore (David McKay Company, Inc., New York, 195 1 )
Reinfeld, F . : The Human Side of Chess (Faber and Faber Ltd. , London, 1953)
Reinfeld, F.: Great Brilliancy Prize Games of the Chess Masters (Collier Books, New
York, 1 96 1 )
Reinfeld, F . : Great Short Games ofthe Chess Masters (Collier Books, New York, 196 1 )
Reinfeld, F . and Soltis, A. : Morphy Chess Masterpieces (Collier Books, New York,
1974)
Reinfeld, F.: The Complete Chess Course (Unwin Paperbacks, London, 1 983)
Renaud, G. and Kahn, V.: L'art de faire mat (Le Triboulet, Monaco, 1947)
Renaud, G. and Kahn, V. : The Art of the Checkmate (Simon and Schuster, Inc., New
York, 1953)
Reshevsky, S. : Reshevsky on Chess (Chess Review, New York, 1948)
Reti, R.: Modern Ideas in Chess (G.Bell & Sons, London, 1923 )
Reti, R.: Masters of the Chess Board (B.T.Batsford Ltd., London, 1 987)
Romanov, 1 . : Tvorcheskoe Nasledie M.l. Chigorina (Fizkultura i Sport, Moscow, 1960)
Saidy, A. and Lessing, N . : The World of Chess (Random House, Inc., New York, 1974)
Sanchez, M.: Capablanca, Leyenda y Realidad, two volumes (Ediciones Union, Havana,
1978)
Sayen, W.H.: The Grand International Centennial Chess Congress (Claxton, Remsen
and Haffelfinger, Philadelphia, 1 876)
Schellenberg, P., Metger, J. , Lipke, P. and Mieses, J.: Der siebente Kongress des
Deutschen Schachbundes, Dresden, 1892 (Verlag von Veit & Comp. , Leipzig, 1 894)
Schiller, E.: Griienfeld Defense, Russian Variations (Chess Enterprises, Coraopolis,
1985)
Schiller, E.: The Big Book of Combinations (Hypermodern Press, San Francisco, 1994)
Schlechter, C.: Die Budapester Verteidigung des Damengambits (Verlag Bernhard Kagan,
Berlin, 1 9 1 8 )
Schuster, T. : Schachkuriosa (Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart, 1977)
Sergeant, P. W. and Watts, W.H.: Pillsbury's Chess Career (Printing-Craft Ltd., London,
1922)
Sergeant, P. W.: A Century of British Chess (Hutchinson & Co. Ltd., London, 1934)
Sergeant, P.W. : An Introduction to the Endgame at Chess (Chatto & Windus, London,
1939)
Shamkovich, L. and Schiller, E.: Play the Tarrasch (Pergamon Press Ltd. , Oxford, 1984)
Short, D.: Nigel Short: Chess Prodigy (Faber and Faber, London, 198 1 )
Smith., K. and Hall, J . : Modern Art of Attack (Chess Digest, Inc., Dallas, 1988)
Sohl, J . : Underhanded Chess (Hawthorn Books, Inc. , New York, 1973)
Soltis, A . : The Book of Chess Lists (McFarland & Company, Inc., Jefferson, 1984)
Soltis, A.: Frank Marshall, United States Chess Champion (McFarland & Company,
Inc., Jefferson, 1 994)
Soultanbeieff, V.: Le maitre de /'attaque (Echec et Mat, Brussels/Liege circa 195 1 and
Au pion passe, Paris, 1974)
Spanier D . : Total Chess (Seeker & Warburg, London, 1984)
Speelman, J.: Best Games of Chess 1970-80 (George Allen & Unwin, London, 1982)
Speelman, J. and Tisdall, J.: Moscow Marathon (Unwin Paperbacks, London, 1985)
Spence, J.: All of the Games played in the Havana International Chess Congress February
24th-March 20th 1952 (privately printed, Omaha, 1959/60)
Spence, J . : The Chess Career of E.D.Bogoljubow, two volumes (The Chess Player,
Nottingham, undated)
Spence, J.: The Chess Career of Richard Teichmann (The Chess Player, Nottingham,
undated)
Spence, J.: The Chess Career of Rudolf Spielmann, volume 2 (The Chess Player,
Nottingham, undated)
Stahlberg, G. and Alles Monasterio, P.: Partidas Cldsicas de Capablanca (Editorial
Book List 287
Sopena, Buenos Aires, 1943)

Stahlberg, G.: I kamp med viirldseliten (Forum, O rebro, 1958)
Staker, J.: The Budapest Defence (Chess Digest, Inc., Dallas, 1982)
Staudte, H. and Milescu, M.: Das 1x1 des Endspie/s (Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin,
1965)
Staunton, H.: The Chess Tournament (Henry G. Bohn, London, 1 852)
Staunton, H.: The Chess Tournament London 1851 (B.T.Batsford Ltd., London, 1986)
Steiner, L . : Kings of the Chess Board (Goldstein and Falconer, Roseville, 1 948)
Steinitz, W.: The Modern Chess Instructor (G.P.Putnam's Sons, New York, 1 889)
Steinitz, W .: The Book of the Sixth American Chess Congress (published in New York,
1891)
Steinkohl, L.: Faszination Fernschach (Schachverlag Manfred Madler, Dusseldorf,
1984)
Stevens, M.: The Year-Book of Chess, 1914 (Frank Hollings, London, 1 9 1 5 )
Suhle, B . : Das grosse Schachturnier zu London im Jahre 1862 (Verlag von Julius
Springer, Berlin, 1 864)
Sunnucks, A . : The Encyclopaedia of Chess (Robert Hale, London, 1970 and 1976)
Sutherland, M. and Lommer, H . : 1234 Modern End- Game Studies (Printing-Craft Ltd.,
London, 1938)
Tangborn, E. : Chess Combinations of The World Champions (Chess Digest, Inc. , Dallas,
1994)
Tarrasch, S . : Dreihundert Schachpartien (Verlag von Veit & Comp. , Leipzig, 1 895)
Tarrasch, S. and Schroder, C.: Das internationale Schachturnier des Schachclubs
Nurnberg (Verlag von Veit & Comp., Leipzig, 1 897)
Tartakower, S.: Am Baum der Schacherkenntnis (Verlag Bernhard Kagan, Berlin, 192 1 )
Tartakower, S . : Das internationale Szen-Memorialturnier zu Budapest, 1929 (Magyar
Sakkvihig, Kecskemet, 1930)
Tartakower, S.: My Best Games ofChess 1905-1930 (G.Bell & Sons Ltd. , London, 1953)
Tevis, W.: The Queen's Gambit (Pan Books Ltd., London, 1984)
van der Linde, A . : Geschichte und Litteratur des Schachspie/s (Verlag von Julius
Springer, Berlin, 1 874)
van Fondern, M. : Roman Dzindzichashvi/i - Sein Aufstieg zur We/tspitze (Joachim Beyer
Verlag, Hollfeld, 1982)
Vasconcellos, F.A . : Teoria e Prdtica do Gambito Budapeste (Juiz de Fora, 1966)
Verjovsky, L.: Tab/as (Ediciones Martinez Roca, Barcelona, 1 973)
Verkhovsky, L . : Nichya! (Fizkultura i Sport, Moscow, 1979)
Vicent, F.: Libre de/s jochs partitis de/s schachs en nombre de 100 (Valencia, 1495)
von Bilguer, P.R. et a/. : Handbuch des Schachspiels (Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin
and Leipzig, 1 9 1 6)
von Gottschall, H . : Adolf Anderssen (Verlag von Veit & Co., Leipzig, 19 1 2)
von Holzhausen, W.: Das filnfundzwanzigste Kongress des Deutschen Schachbundes in
Magdeburg 1927 (Schachverlag Bernhard Kagan, Berlin, 1927)

Wade, R.G.: Soviet Chess (Neville Spearman Limited, London, 1968)
Wade, R.G., Speelman, J., Povah, N.E. and Blackstock, L.S.: Sicilian: Lasker-Pelikan
(B.T. Batsford Ltd., London, 1978)
Waitzkin, F.: Searching for Bobby Fischer (Random House, New York, 1988 and The
Bodley Head, London, 1989)
Walker, G.: Chess Studies (Longman, Brown, London, 1 844)
Walker, J.N.: Chess for Tomorrow's Champions (Pergamon Press Ltd., Oxford, 1983
and Cadogan Books pic, London, 1 995)
Wallis, E.: 777 "Chess Miniatures in Three" (E. Wallis, Springfield, Scarborough, 1908)
Warburton, C.W.: My Chess Adventures (Runaway Press, Inc., Chicago, 1980)
Watts, W.H.: Chess Masterpieces (Daily News Ltd., London, 1924)
Wellmuth, F.: The Golden Treasury of Chess (Chess Review, New York, 1943)
Wenman, P.: One Hundred Chess Gems (Whitehead & Miller Ltd., Leeds, 1939)
Wenman, P.: Learn to Play Chess (Whitehead & Miller Ltd., Leeds, 1 946)
Wenman, P.: 1 75 Chess Brilliancies (Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd ., London, 1947)
Wenman, P.: Great American Chess-Players, II. H.N.Pillsbury (The Mitre Press,
London, 1 948)
Whitworth, T.G .: Mattison's Chess Endgame Studies (British Chess Magazine, St
Leonards-on-Sea, 1987)
Whyld, K . : Emanuel Lasker Volume 3 (The Chess Player, Nottingham, 1976)
Whyld, K . : Chess The Records (Guinness Books, Enfield, 1 986)
Wildhagen, E . : Weltgeschichte des Schachs: Tal (Verlag Dr. E.Wildhagen, Hamburg,
196 1 )
Winter, E .G.: World Chess Champions (Pergamon Press Ltd., Oxford, 198 1)
Wood, B.H.: The World-Championship Match (Chess, Sutton Coldfield, 1938)
Yates, F. D. and Winter, W.: Games Played in the World's Championship Match ( Printing
Craft Ltd., London, 1 928)

Yates, F.D.: One-Hundred-and-One of My Best Games of Chess (Printing-Craft Ltd.,
London, 1934)
Young, F .K. and Howell, E.C. : The Minor Tactics ofChess (Chatto & Windus, London,
1 895)
Young, F.K . : The Grand Tactics of Chess (Kegan Paul & Co., London, 1 898 )
Young, F.K.: The Major Tactics of Chess (Sampson Low, Marston Ltd. , London, 1 898)
Young, F.K.: Chess Strategetics Illustrated (Sampson Low, Marston Ltd. , London,
1900)
Young, F.K. : Field Book of Chess Generalship (G.P.Putnam's Sons, New York, 1923)
- XVIII. Kongress des Deutschen Schachbundes, e. V. Bres/au, 1912 (E.Riemann'sche
Hofbuchhandlung, Coburg, 1 9 1 3 )
- Modern Chess Openings (various editors/editions)
- Homenaje a Jose Raul Capab/anca (Ministerio de Educaci6n, Havana, 1943)
Book List 289
- The Budapest Defence (Chess Digest, Texas, 1972)

- Paris 1924 (M.A.Lachaga, Martinez, 1973)
- San Remo, 1930 (Chess Digest, Dallas, 1973)
- Kemeri-Riga 1939 International Chess Tournament (Caissa Editions, Yorklyn,
undated)
- Prag, 1942 (M.A.Lachaga, Martinez, 1973)
- Prag, 1943 (M .A.Lachaga, Martinez, undated)
- Encyclopaedia of Chess Middlegames (Chess Informant, Belgrade, 1980)
- Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings, volume C, second edition (Chess Informant,
Belgrade, 198 1 )
- 5e Interpolis schaaktoernooi 1981 (Uitgevers-en publiciteitsmij Andriessen bv,
Amsterdam, Keesing boeken bv, Amsterdam/Antwerp, 1982)
Index of G ames and Positions Chronologically
(* = position only)
von Bilguer v Mayet, 1 839 75

von Bilguer v von der Lasa, Occasion ? 75
Tassinari v de Riviere, Paris, 1 853 44
Smigielski v N.N., Berlin, circa 1 854 1 0 1
Morphy v Bonford, New Orleans, 1 858 76
Anderssen v Lange, Breslau, 1 8 59 190
Hirschfeld v Anderssen, Berlin, 1 860 28
Fraser v Steinitz, Dundee, 1 867 56
Skipworth v Cuthbertson, London, 1 868 86
Viesca v Marti, circa 1 876 52
Bird v Mason*, New York, 1 8 76 1 0
Eguiluz v Vazquez, Occasion ? 76
Steinitz v Young, Boston, 1 886 204
A.Neumann v N.N.*, Vienna, circa 1886 19
Gunsberg v von Gottschall, Frankfurt, 1 887 67
Ktirschner v Tarrasch, Nuremberg, 1 887 or 1 888 45
Ktirschner & Regensburger v Tarrasch, Nuremberg, 1 887 or 1 888 46
Mackenzie v N.N. *, New York, 1 888 1 3
Mieses v SchottHinder, Leipzig, 1 888 196
Riemann v Mieses, Leipzig, 1888 197
van Vliet v Em.Lasker, London, 1 892 49
Albin v von Bardeleben*, Dresden, 1 892 8
Em.Lasker v MacLeod*, Quebec, 1 892 3
Young v Pillsbury, Boston, 1 893 203
Burn v Uedemann, Chicago, circa 1 893 48
Murray v W.M.C., 1 894 57
Alapin v Lange, Correspondence, circa 1 894 49
Pillsbury v von Zehn, St Petersburg, 1 895 or 1 896 46
Shaw v Burn, Occasion ? 48
Albin v Winawer, Nuremberg, 1 896 43
Marco v Metger*, Berlin, 1 897 4
Physick v Hall, Telephone match, 1 897 87
Janowsky v Trenchard, Vienna, 1 898 36
Ettlinger v Janowsky, New York, 1 898 37
Caldas Vianna v Silvestre, Rio de Janeiro, 1900 82
Janowsky v Mar6czy, Munich, 1900 198

Seyboth/Chigorin v Lewin/Schiffers*, St Petersburg, 1900 4
Janowsky v A . . . . r, Vienna, 1900 37
Andreaschek v M., Olmiitz, 190 1 39
von Ehlert v Bohl, Riga, 190 1 38
Woolf v N.N., 190 1 53
Heftye v Mieses, Sweden, 1902 3 1
Blackburne v N.N., Canterbury, 1903 3 1
Mieses v Finn, New York, 1903 47
Lowy v Felix, Vienna, 1 904 79
Benedek v Schweiger*, Pecska, 1905 3
McGrath v Em.Lasker, New Orleans, 1 905 76
Labatt v Dobbs, New Orleans, 1905 77
Swiderski v Caro, Barmen, 1905 44
Mar6czy v Daly, Boston, 1906 99
Marshall v Chilton, Philadelphia, 1906 77
P.Johner v Janowsky, Carlsbad, 1907 44
Alapin v Janowsky, Prague, 1908 38
Menkes v Rosen, New York, 1909 200
Taft v Marshall, New York, 1 9 10 177
Kreymborg v Chajes, New York, 19 1 1 1 36
Miinz v Krejcik, Vienna, 19 1 1 40
Lengden v Peacock, Occasion ? 54
Davidson v Euwe, Amsterdam, 1 9 12 80
Spielmann v Strassl, Passau, 1 9 1 2 69
Maliu tin v Gregory*, Breslau, 1 9 1 2 1 1
Szekely v Reti, Temesvar, 1 9 12 4 1
von Holzhausen v Tarrasch, Frankfurt am Main, 1 9 1 2 200
Labatt v Marshall*, New Orleans, 1 9 1 3 1 5
'Teichman v Marbl' *, Leipzig, 1 9 1 3 22
Capablanca v Kalantarov*, St Petersburg, 1 9 1 3 25
Schuster v Carls, Oldenburg, 1 9 1 3 ? 1 79
Capablanca v N.N. (?) * , Occasion ? 24
Marshall v Mlotkowski, Occasion ? 78
MacMahon v Schumer, Occasion ? 30
Barry v Kostic, Boston, 1 9 1 5 79
Fahrni v Maliutin, Triberg, 1 9 1 6 35
Evenssohn v Alekhine*, Kiev, 1 9 1 6 1 76
Corzo v Mora, Havana, circa 1 9 1 6 56
Janowsky v Keene*, New York, 1 9 1 7 10
Janowsky v N.N.*, New York, 1917 1 1
Marshall v Janowsky, New York, 1 9 1 8 82
Capablanca v White*, London, 1 9 1 9 7
Williams v Wight, Hastings, 1 9 1 9 30
Krueger v Reshevsky, Hamburg, 1920 61
Index of Games and Positions Chronologically 293
Reshevsky v Beaumont, Leeds, 1920 62

Reshevsky v Stillman, New York, 1920 62
Reshevsky v Hilliard, New York, 1920 62
Reshevsky v Michelsen, New York, 192 1 63
Reshevsky v Dunn, New York, 192 1 64
Reshevsky v Hollway, Grand Rapids, 1 92 1 64
Reshevsky v Haller, St Louis, 1921 64
Reshevsky v Barkuloo, St Paul, 1921 65
Carls v Brinckmann*, Hamburg, 192 1 1 2
Reshevsky v Grommer, St Louis, 1 92 1 65
Grau v Guerra Boneo, Buenos Aires, 1921 32
Reshevsky v Ballou, Washington, 1922 66
Spielmann v P.Johner, Pistyan, 1922 70
'Capablanca v Hagenlocher' (hoax), ('Monte Carlo, 1922') 1 80
Alekhine v Tartakower* , Carlsbad, 1923 9
Gelabert v Bermudez, Occasion ? 60
Ed. Lasker v Marshall*, New York, 1924 5
Marshall v Bogoljubow*, New York, 1924 6
Alekhine v Frieman*, New York, 1924 1 7
Krejcik v Schmuttermaier, Reinberg-Dobersberg, 1924 93
Book v Hiidenheimo, Helsinki, 1924 42
Migoya v N.N., Havana, 1924 96
Krejcik v N .N. * , circa 1924 9
Spielmann v Janowsky*, Semmering, 1926 7
Marshall v Mar6czy, Lake Hopatcong, 1926 1 1 8
Bogoljubow v Leonhardt, Magdeburg, 1 927 5 1
Capablanca v Alekhine*, Buenos Aires, 1927 20
Spielmann v Reti, Dortmund, 1928 69
Soultanbeieff v Winter*, Ramsgate, 1 929 1 6
Capablanca v Colle, Budapest, 1929 268
Griinfeld v Spielmann, Vienna, 1929 7 1
Warren v Selman, Correspondence, 1930 50
Marrero v Melgarejo (genuine game?), Placetas, 1 932 59
Keres v Verbak, Correspondence, 1932 5 1
Lucarelli v Carra*, Bologna, 1932 6
Nissl v Tarrasch, Munich, circa 1933 73
Capablanca v Bain, Hollywood, 1933 192
Tartakower v Lilienthal, Paris, 1933 88
N.N. v Walls * , circa 1934 2
Purdy v Crowl, Correspondence, 1934-35 83
Lilienthal v Menchik*, Hastings, 1935 206
Winter v Capablanca*, Nottingham, 1936 1 6 1
A.Steiner v Prins*, Munich, 1936 1 5
Dew v Thomson*, Brighton, 1938 19
Palau v Najdorf, Buenos Aires, 1939 81
Kagan v Daly, Boston, 1939 68

Alekhine v Braumann, Lisbon, 1940 57
Zita v Junge, Prague, 1942 43
Lokvenc v Pachman, Prague, 1943 50
Soultanbeieff v Ambuhl*, Brussels, 1943 1 6
Salomon v Pomar*, Castile, 1945 24
Ortega v Barreras, Havana, 1946 58
Lundin v Ekstrom, Stockholm, 1947 50
Sumar v Perez, Peru, 1947 55
Krejcik v N.N., 1947 58
Ponce-Sala v Parpal, Barcelona, 1950 29
Schonmann-Heinicke, Hamburg, 1952 83
Blek v Tal*, Riga, 1955 8
Dzindzichashvili v Zacharov, USSR Junior Ch. , 1957 58
Tolush v Aronson, Moscow, 1957 194
Gusev v Zhukhovitsky*, Alma Ata, 1958 22
'Bielovsky v Cherniev' *, Occasion ? 14
Novosibirsk v Saratov, Telegraph match, 1960 34
Seger v Andersson, Correspondence, 1962 33
Myers v Alvarez, Santo Domingo, 1966 89
Mengarini v Ervin, Lone Pine, 197 1 50
Diaz v Valladares, Correspondence, 1972 59
Mengarini v Kramer, New York, 1973 50
Chalker v Bernstein, New York, 1976 50
Zhelnin v Semeniuk*, Novosibirsk, 1976 1 3
Pestic v Bernstein, Philadelphia, 1978 60
Dunning v Curdo, Leominster, 1979 8 1
Harnett v Muller, Guernsey, 1980 88
Fiorito v Groiss, Correspondence, circa 198 1-82 41
Wiker v Sandehn, Correspondence, 1982 34
Vilela v Estevez* , Holguin, 1984 20
Kasparov v Krabbe, Amsterdam, 1987 60
J.Polgar v S. Polgar, Swiss television, 1987 73
Hedge v Palatnik*, Calicut, 1988 23
Index of Games and Positions b y Player
(* = position only)
Alapin 38, 49
Albin 8*, 43
Alekhine 9*, 17*, 20*, 57, 1 76*
Alvarez 89
Ambuhl 16*
Anderssen 28, 190
Andersson 33
Andreaschek 39
Aronson 194
Bain 192
Ballou 66
Barkuloo 65
Barreras 58
Barry 79
Beaumont 62
Benedek 3*
Bermudez 60
Bernstein, S . 50, 60
'Bielovsky' 14*
Bird 10*
Blackburne 3 1
Blek 8*
Bogoljubow 6*, 5 1
Bohl 38
Bonford 76
Book 42
Braumann 57
Brinckmann 12*
Burn 48
Caldas Vianna 82
Capablanca 7*, 20*, 24*, 25*, 1 6 1 *, 1 80, 192, 268
Carls 1 2*, 1 79
Caro 44
Carra 6*
Chaj es 1 36
Chalker 50
'Cherniev' 14*
Chigorin 4*
Chilton 77
Colle 268
Corzo 56
Curdo 8 1
Cuthbertson 86
Crowl 83
Daly 68, 99
Davidson 80
de Riviere 44
Dew 19*
Diaz 59
Dobbs 77
Dunn 64
Dunning 8 1
Dzindzichashvili 58
Eguiluz 76
Ekstrom 50
Ervin 50
Estevez 20*
Ettlinger 37
Euwe 80
Evenssohn 1 76*
Fahrni 35
Felix 79
Finn 47
Fiorito 4 1
Fraser 56
Frieman 17*
Gelabert 60
Grau 32
Gregory 1 1 *
Groiss 41
Grommer 65
Gri.infeld 7 1
Guerra Boneo 32
Gunsberg 67
Gusev 22*
'Hagenlocher' 1 80
Hall 87
Haller 64
Harnett 88
Hedge 23*
Index of Games and Positions by Player 297
Heftye 3 1
Heinicke 83
Hiidenheimo 42
Hilliard 62
Hirschfeld 28
Hollway 64
Janowsky 7*, 1 0*, 1 1 *, 36, 3 7, 38, 44, 82, 198
Johner, P. 44, 70
Junge 43
Kagan 68
Kalantarov 25*
Kasparov 60
Keene 10*
Keres 5 1
Kostic 79
Krabbe 60
Kramer 50
Krejcik 9*, 40, 58, 93
Kreymborg 1 36
Krueger 6 1
Kiirschner 45, 46
Labatt 15*, 77
Lange 49, 190
Lasker, Ed. 5*
Lasker, Em. 3*, 49, 76
Lengden 54
Leonhardt 5 1
Lewin 4*
Lilienthal 88, 206*
Lokvenc 50
Lowy 79
Lucarelli 6*
Lundin 50
Mackenzie 13*
MacLeod 3*
MacMahon 30
Maliutin 1 1 *, 35
'Marbl' 22*
Marco 4*
Maroczy 99, 1 1 8, 198
Marrero 59
Marshall 5*, 6*, 1 5*, 77, 78, 82, 1 1 8, 1 77
Marti 52
Mason 10*
Mayet 75
McGrath 76
Melgarejo 59
Menchik 206*
Mengarini 50
Menkes 200
Metger 4*
Michelsen 63
Mieses 3 1 , 47, 1 96, 1 97
Migoya 96
Mlotkowski 78
Mora 56
Morphy 76
Muller 88
Munz 40
Murray 57
Myers 89
Najdorf 8 1
Neumann, A . 19*
Nissl 73
N.N. 2*, 9*, 1 1 *, 1 3 * , 1 9*, 24*, 3 1 , 37, 39, 53, 57, 58, 96, 1 0 1
Novosibirsk 34
Ortega 58
Pachman 50
Palatnik 23*
Palau 8 1
Parpal 29
Peacock 54
Perez 55
Pestic 60
Physick 87
Pillsbury 46, 203
Polgar, J. 73
Polgar, S. 73
Pomar 24*
Ponce-Sala 29
Prins, L. 1 5 *
Purdy 8 3
Regensburger 46
Reshevsky 6 1-66
Reti 4 1 , 69
Riemann 197
Rosen 200
Salomon 24*
Sandehn 34
Saratov 34
Index of Games and Positions by Player 299
Schiffers 4*
Schmuttermaier 93
Schonmann 83
SchottHinder 196
Schumer 30
Schuster 1 79
Schweiger 3*
Seger 33
Selman 50
Semeniuk 1 3*
Seyboth 4*
Shaw 48
Silvestre 82
Skipworth 86
Smigielski 1 0 1
Soultanbeieff 1 6*
Spielmann 7*, 69, 70, 7 1
Steiner, A . 15*
Steinitz 56, 204
Stillman 62
Strassl 69
Sumar 55
Swiderski 44
Szekely 41
Taft 1 77
Tal 8*
Tarrasch 45, 46, 73, 200
Tartakower 9*, 88
Tassinari 44
'Teichman' 22*
Thomson 19*
Tolush 194
Trenchard 36
Uedemann 48
Valladares 59
van Vliet 49
Vazquez 76
Verbak 5 1
Viesca 52
Vilela 20*
von Bardeleben 8*
von Bilguer 75
von der Lasa 75
von Ehlert 38
von Gottschall 67
von Holzhausen 200

von Zehn 46
Walls 2*
Warren 50
White 7*
Wight 30
Wiker 34
Williams 30
Winawer 43
Winter 1 6* , 1 6 1 *
Woolf 53
Young 203, 204
Zacharov 58
Zhelnin 1 3 *
Zhukhovitsky 22*
Zita 43
Index of Openings
Alapin's Opening 49
Albin Counter-Gambit 198
Alekhine's Defence 87, 93
Caro-Kann Defence 179
Centre Counter Game 66
Damiano's Defence 40, 52
Danish Gambit 30, 47, 78
Double Fianchetto Defence 79
English Opening 44
Evans Gambit Accepted 28, 59, 76, 77, 82
Falkbeer Counter-Gambit 37
Four Knights' Game 6 1 , 192
French Defence 34, 4 1 , 50, 5 1 , 80, 1 1 8
Giuoco Piano 3 1 , 43, 44, 75
Greco Counter-Gambit 57
Irregular 5 1 , 60
King's Gambit Accepted 3 1 , 48, 60, 62, 76, 204
King's Gambit Declined 37, 38, 62
King's Indian Defence 34, 43
Lisitsin Gambit 8 1
Muzio Gambit 3 1 , 76
Nimzo-Indian Defence 50, 83, 268
Paris Opening 88, 89
Polish Opening 86
Ponziani Opening 46
Queen's Gambit Accepted 77
Queen's Gambit Declined, Orthodox Defence 44, 49, 50, 60, 64, 65, 99
Queen's Gambit Declined, Slav Defence 96
Queen's Gambit Declined, Tarrasch Defence 73, 1 0 1
Queen's Indian Defence 5 5
Queen's Pawn, Benoni Defence 50
Queen's Pawn, Budapest Defence 50, 58
Queen's Pawn, Chigorin's Defence 194
Queen's Pawn Game 50, 7 1 , 82
Ruy Lopez, Berlin Defence 35, 79
Ruy Lopez, Bird's Defence 190
Ruy Lopez, Morphy Defence 38, 45, 76, 1 97

Ruy Lopez, other defences 36, 203
Scotch Gambit 54, 64, 75
Scotch Game 30
Sicilian Defence 29, 33 4 1 , 58, 62, 63, 67, 68, 73, 8 1 , 83, 136
Steinitz Gambit 48
Two Knights' Defence 64, 1 77, 200
Valladares Opening 59
Vienna Gambit 48
Vienna Game 32, 42, 69, 70, 196
Odds games 37, 39, 53, 56, 57, 58, 1 80
General Index
Aaltio, Erkki 220

Aan de nagedachtenis van Daniel Noteboom Jr. 182
Abolgassemi, Parviz M . 1 49
Abonyi, Stefan (Istvan) 2 1 9
Abrahams, Gerald 269
Abundo, Casto Paulino 1 29
Achieving the Aim 1 04, 235-236, 27 1
Adams, Edwin Ziegler 29, 257, 266
Adams, James Bernard (Jimmy) 256
Adams, Weaver Warren 1 32
Adolf Anderssen 28, 1 9 1
Adventures of a Chess Master 1 60
Age of writers 1 08, 262
Age, Peak for chess-playing 1 27
Agonia de Un Genio (A.Alekhine) 147, 1 5 2
Aitken, James Macrae 1 20
Ajedrez en Cuba 58-59, 1 63
Ajedrez Espafiol, El 1 28
Alapin, Simon 38, 40, 49
Alber, Horst 1 0 1 , 261
Albin, Adolf 8, 43, 94
Alcazar, El 248, 273 ·
A.Alekhine, Agony of a Chess Genius 265-266

Alekhine, Alexander Alexandrovich 6, 9, 1 7- 1 8 , 20-2 1 , 24, 57, 67, 72, 86, 92, 94, 95, 96,
98, 106, 107, 108, 1 14, 1 16, 1 1 8, 1 19- 1 20, 1 22, 1 23 , 1 34, 1 35, 1 39, 1 4 1 , 142, 145, 146, 147,
148- 149, 1 5 1 - 1 52, 155, 1 56, 1 59, 160, 16 1 , 1 62, 163, 165, 166, 1 67, 168, 1 69, 1 76- 177, 1 8 1 ,
1 83, 1 87, 1 88, 190, 193, 194, 199-200, 2 12, 214, 2 1 5 , 219, 225, 228, 229, 233, 234, 235,
236, 238-239, 240, 246, 248, 257, 258, 259, 260, 262, 263 , 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269,
272, 273
Alekhine, Alleged doctorate of 268
Alekhine, Campeao mundial de Xadrez em Portugal 57
Alekhine Nazi articles 248, 273
Alekhine's Best Games of Chess 1938-45 1 88, 2 1 2
Alekhine's Defence 86-88, 90, 95, 259
Alexander Alekhine 190
Alexander, Conel Hugh O'Donel 3 1 , 198, 2 1 2, 230
Alles Monasterio, Paulino 98
Allgaier, Johann Baptist 87
Almanach des echecs 1 70

Alvarez, Tirso 89
Amar, Charles 89
Am Baum der Schacherkenntnis 1 73
Ambuhl, Louis Joseph 16
Amenities and Background of Chess-Play, The 28
American Chess Bulletin 1 7, 1 8 , 59, 6 1 -66, 78, 79, 82, 97, 102, 1 10, 1 1 1 , 1 12, 1 30, 1 34,
1 36, 183, 189, 192, 200, 20 1 , 202, 203, 2 1 2, 220, 249, 250, 257, 26 1 , 268
American Chess Magazine 258, 264
American Chess Masters from Morphy to Fischer 1 54
American football and chess 232-233
Americans: Letters from America 1969-1979, The 232
America's Chess Heritage 202, 265
"Among These Mates" 246
Amsterdam, 1950 1 82
Analysis, Longest 1 1 7
Anand, Viswanathan 1 3 5
Anatoly Karpov: Chess is My Life 232, 266
Anderson, Benjamin M. 1 1 7
Anderson, Magnus Victor 1 72
Anderson, Martin 1 30
Anderson Graham, Peter 90, 1 32, 258, 264
Anderssen, Adolf 28, 76, 92, 100, 1 14, 1 4 1 , 1 42, 1 90- 19 1 , 241 , 242, 257
Andersson, Benny 2 1 2
Andersson, Harry 3 3
Andreaschek, Karl 39
Annotations 1 1 7, 1 2 1 , 1 32
Announced mate 83, 1 64
Annual Obituary 1981, The 1 49
Anti-Turton theme 5-6
APCT News Bulletin 1 56
Apps, Ernest A. 1 77
Apscheneek (Apsenieks), Franz 1 34- 1 35
Araujo Pereira, A . 57
Argentine Variation 98-99
Aron Nimzowitsch: A Reappraisal 146, 1 59, 228
Aronson, Lev Abramovich 1 94, 1 95
Arrabal 209
Art de faire mat, L' 264-265
Art of the Checkmate, The 264-265
Ashby, F.L. 54-55
Ashley, C.S. 269
'Assiac' 1 1 8- 1 19
Asztalos, Laj os 98, 1 60
Atkins, Henry Ernest 1 04, 1 72
General Index 305
Ausgewiihlte Partien, 1931-1958 5 1

Auspitzer, Sigmund 258
Austral, The 1 2
Australasian Chess Review, The 1 16, 1 39, 233
Averbakh, Yury Lvovich 19
Bachmann, Ludwig Ernst August 56, 69, 200, 201 , 202

Bad Pistyan, 1922 70
Bain, Mary 192
Baird, David Graham 9 1
Balance of material, Unusual 1 2- 1 3
Balaschoff, Prince 1 1 1
Balashov, Yury Sergeevich 2 1 3
Ballo, Harald E. 205
Ballou, Sidney 66
Bampton, Samuel Warren 1 02
Ban, Jeno 19
Barden, Leonard William 1 6 1 , 1 69
Barkuloo, Dare D. 65
Barmen, 1905 44, 45
Barnes, Thomas Wilson 92
Barre, Todd 1 5 6
Barreras Merino, Jose Luis 5 8
Barrett, James J. 1 19, 1 24, 1 62
Barry, John Finan 79, 204
Basic Chess Endings 153
Basman, Michael John 1 04, 1 40
Basta, Emanuel Adolph 1 1 5
Botsford Chess Openings 89, 1 50- 152, 266
Bauer, R. 219
Beaumont, G.W. 62
Becker, Albert 98, 237
Becoming a Grandmaster 1 53
Beethoven, Ludwig van 244
Beginning Chess 25 1
Beihoff, George J. 264
Bellin, Robert 2 10
Bell's Weekly Messenger 220
Benedek, D. 3
Benoni Defence 9 1
Berger, Johann Nepomuk 1 9
Berliner, Hans Jack 153
Berliner Loca/anzeiger 188
Berliner Zeitung 243
Bermudez, Evelio 60
Berndtsson, Karl 1 50
Bernstein, Ossip Samuel 1 30, 1 5 1 , 1 60, 228, 269
Bernstein, Sidney Norman 50, 60, 1 27, 1 8 3
Best Chess Games 1970-80 265
Best games (masters' selections) 60, 7 1-73, 83, 259
Best of Chess Life and Review, Volume I, The 203
Betts, Douglas Alfred 27 1
Betty, Peter Kemmis 1 5 1
Bez/imitny Poyedinok 270
Bibuld, Jerome 9 1
'Bielovsky' 14
Big Book of Combinations, The 267
Bilguer, Paul Rudolf von 74-76
Billiards, Chess and 1 79- 1 82, 268
Bird, Henry Edward 10, 9 1 , 94, 99, 1 14, 214
Bisguier, Arthur Bernard 1 54
Bjelica, Dimitrije 123, 1 67- 168, 226
Blackburne, Joseph Henry 3 1 -32, 89, 90, 9 1 , 1 02, 1 07, 1 09, 1 29, 1 3 1- 132, 144, 1 53,
1 60, 241 , 258, 260, 264, 265
Blackburne's Games at Chess, Mr 90, 1 3 1 - 1 32, 258, 260, 264
Blair, Louis 1 88, 202, 203, 268, 272
Blake, Joseph Henry 98, 1 5 5
Bleis, Christian 1 0 1 , 26 1
Blek 8
Blindfold chess 245, 27 1
B/itzschne/1 Schach gelernt 267
'Blumenfeld' 264
Blumenthal, Oskar 34
Bobby Fischer's Conquest of the World Chess Championship 1 2 1
Bobby Fischer's Games of Chess 1 08
Bogoljubow, Efim Dimitrijewitsch 6, 5 1 , 52, 69, 72, 1 20, 1 72, 1 8 1 , 1 83-1 84, 220, 239,
266, 272, 273
'Bogunovich, Grigory' 194- 195
Bohl, Piers 38
Bohm, Hans 1 14
Boleslavsky, Isaak Efremovich 1 58
Boletin Ajedrez 56
Boletin de Ajedrez 1 25
Bondarevsky, Igor Zakharovich 1 5 8
Bonford, P. E. 76
Book, Eero Einar 42, 1 79
Book of Chess Lists, The 10, 50, 1 89
Book of the Year Award ( C.N. ) 256
Borik, Otto 2 1 9
General Index 307
Boston Post 258

Botterill, George Steven 2 1 0, 2 1 1 , 239
Botvinnik, Mikhail Moiseevich 94, 1 04, 1 18 , 1 22, 123, 1 28, 140, 1 59, 1 6 1 , 1 67, 205,
206, 227, 229, 232, 234, 235, 240, 27 1 , 272
Bourqui 93
Bouton, Christophe 1 70
Bouwmeester, Hans 1 82
Bowles, H.L. 185
Boxer, A.B. 105
Boyd, Frank 2 1 0
Boys' Life 25 1
Bradley, R.F. 93
Braine, Bob 1 92
Brandreth, Dale Alden 45, 95, 1 09, 1 22
Branson, Justice 1 25
Braumann, Peter 57
Brentano's Chess Monthly 1 32
Breslau, 1912 (Hauptturnier) 1 1
Brevities and miniatures (definition) 34
Breyer, Gyula 1 72- 1 73
Brien, Robert Barnett 1 37
Bright Side of Chess, The 1 2 1 , 1 34, 1 82
Brilliance in Chess 269
Brilliancy prize 132
Brinckmann, Alfred 12, 1 65, 220
Britannica Book of the Year (1982) 149
Britannica Book of the Year (1988) 1 68
British Chess 2 1 0-2 1 1
British Chess Magazine (BCM) 3, 1 1 , 14, 1 7, 1 8- 19, 20, 2 1 , 32, 40, 53-56, 57, 70, 87, 89,
91-92, 93, 95, 98, 99, 104, 105, 1 10, 1 1 1, 1 1 3 , 1 1 5, 1 16, 1 17, 1 1 8 , 1 19, 1 24, 1 25, 1 26, 1 29,
1 30, 1 3 1 , 1 32, 140, 1 4 1 , 143 , 144, 145, 1 55, 1 58, 165, 168, 1 70, 1 72, 1 73, 1 74, 175, 1 84, 1 88,
193, 194, 195, 205, 2 1 5, 217, 220, 229, 237, 239, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 26 1 , 262, 263,
264, 267, 268, 269, 270
'British Chess Magazine' Chess Annual, 1916, The 36, 1 76
'de Broch/Brock' 1 9 1 , 269
Bronstein, David Ionovich 108, 1 22, 1 50, 227
Brooklyn Eagle, The 1 1 0
Brown, Isaac Mcintyre 1 76
Bruce, Rowena Mary, nee Dew 19, 2 1 0
Bruckstein, Max 6 1
Brunswick, Duke of 1 60
Biicker, Stefan Michael 261
· Buckley, Robert John 268
Budapest, 1929 268
Budapest Defence, The (Chess Digest) 50
Budapest Defence, The (Staker) 219

Budapest Gambit 219
Budapester Verteidigung des Damengambits, Die 2 1 9
Buenos Aires, 1939 8 1 , 1 69
Buerger, Victor 1 16
Buncombe, W.P. 1 86
Burille, Constant Ferdinand 203
Burn, Amos 48, 9 1 , 1 1 5- 1 1 6, 1 25, 1 30, 146, 148, 245, 257, 260, 272
Burns, Andrew 264
Buswell, Paul 2 1 2
Byrne, Robert Eugene 1 67
Cadman, H.A. 219

Cafferty, Bernard 87
Cahiers de I'Echiquier Franrais, Les 1 8, 7 1 , 1 75
Cairncross, J. 94
Caissa 1 84, 192, 200, 220
Caldas Vianna, Joao 82
Calvo Minguez, Ricardo 1 1 3
Cambridge/Bedlam game 1 85- 1 87
Campomanes, Florencio Basa 2 1 6-21 8 , 222-225, 270
Capablanca y Graupera, Jose Raul vii, 7, 16, 17, 20-2 1 , 23-24, 25-26, 56, 7 1 , 9 1 , 94, 95,
98, 102, 107, 108, 1 1 7, 1 22, 1 23, 128, 1 34, 135, 1 39, 143, 145, 146, 149, 1 50, 1 53, 1 54,
1 55, 158, 159, 1 6 1 , 1 62, 163, 1 64, 1 65, 1 66, 1 67, 1 68, 179- 1 8 1 , 1 82, 1 83, 1 84, 1 87, 190,
1 9 1 , 192, 193, 199, 205, 208, 2 14, 2 1 5-21 6, 225, 227, 228, 229, 235, 237, 239, 240, 245, 248,
252, 257, 258, 259, 26 1 , 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 271-272
Capablanca, Leyenda y Realidad 1 58, 1 59
Capablanca-Magazine 54, 268, 269
Capablanca's Best Chess Endings 1 84
Capablanca's Hundred Best Games of Chess 98, 2 1 5-2 1 6, 270
Capablanca billiards hoax 1 79- 1 82, 268
Capablanca Clark, Olga 239, 27 1 , 272
Capt. Crawley's Handbook of Games 1 29
Carle, Gilles 209
Carls, Carl Johan Margot 12, 1 79
Carlsbad, 1907 44
Carlsbad, 1929 236
Carl Schlechter! Life and Times of the A ustrian Chess Wizard 268
Caro, Horatio 44
Caro-Kann Defence 94, 260
Carra 6
Cassel, Hartwig 1 10- 1 1 1 , 262
Castling, Mate by 79-80
Catalog of Chessplayers & Problemists, A 87, 1 77, 1 8 5
Catalog of U. S.A. Chess Personalia, A 1 83
General Index 309
Caxton, William 1 14
Centre Counter Defence 90-9 1
Century of British Chess, A 1 08
Ceske Listy Sachove 1 75
Chajes, Oscar 135- 1 36, 158, 257
Chalker, R. 50
Chandler, Murray Graham 108, 1 54
Charousek, Rudolf 1 34, 234
Cheating 14, 1 60, 1 89
Checkers 59
Chekhover, Vitaly Alexandrovich 19, 240
Cheney, George Nelson 96
Chepmell, Claude Herries 1 29
Chernev, Irving 3, 50, 59, 6 1 , 94, 102, 1 1 5, 1 2 1 , 1 34, 1 35, 152, 1 64, 165, 1 82, 1 84, 1 85,
1 86, 1 87, 19 1 , 195, 200, 20 1 , 202, 264, 265
'Cherniev' 14
Cheron, Andre 19
Cheshire, Horace Fabian 9 1
Chess (Alexander) 198
Chess (Langfield) 1 39
Chess (musical) 1 66, 2 1 2, 2 1 4
CHESS 19, 50, 68, 92, 97, 104, 106, 1 07, 109, 1 1 2, 1 1 3, 1 20, 1 2 1 , 126, 127, 1 28, 1 3 1 ,
1 32, 1 34, 1 35, 140, 1 50, 153, 158, 1 60, 1 64, 1 65, 168, 1 72, 1 77, 1 84, 1 85, 1 86, 193, 194,
197, 198, 199, 2 1 5, 2 1 6, 2 17, 2 1 8, 238, 240, 244, 246, 257, 259, 262, 269, 272
Chess Amateur, The 96, 102, 1 64, 257
CHESS: An Annotated Bibliography of Works Published in the English Language 1850-
1968 27 1
Chess Archives 1 82
Chess at the Top 8 1 , 2 1 3
Chess Beat, The 142, 143, 1 82, 208-209
Chessboard Magic! 1 85
Chess Career of E.D.Bogo/jubow, The 220
Chess Career of Richard Teichmann, The 1 22
Chess Career of Rudolf Spielmann, The 70
Chess Characters, Reminiscences of a Badmaster 96, 1 19, 192
Chess Combinations of The World Champions 267
Chess Curiosities 256, 257
Chess for Fun & Chess for Blood 5 , 202, 269
Chess for Tomorrow's Champions 264
Chess from Morphy to Botwinnik 1 00
Chess Fundamentals 2 1 5
Chess Gazette 1 59
Chess Genius of Paul Morphy, The 100
Chess Horizons 268
Chess lnformantllnjormator 23, 234
Chess in the RSA 1 68

Chess is My Life 232, 266
Chess Kaleidoscope 258
Chess Life 53, 100, 128, 148, 1 53, 1 57, 158, 203, 2 1 2, 2 1 6, 2 1 7, 2 1 8, 227, 236, 246, 259 ,
262, 270
Chess Life & Review 104, 1 36, 1 57, 1 60, 192
Chess Masterpieces (Marshall) 7 1
Chess Masterpieces (Watts) 273
Chess Memoirs 107, 136
Chess Monthly, The 1 82, 262
Chess, More Miniature Games 70, 20 1
Chessnicdotes 268
Chess Novelties 99
Chess-Nut Burrs 273
Chess Openings 140
Chess Openings: Traps and Zaps 230
Chess Personalia, A Biobib/iography 88, 97, 195, 196, 197, 219-220, 256, 270
Chess Pie 220, 269
Chess Player's Chronicle, The 1 16, 1 37, 245, 246, 27 1
Chess Players' Compendium, The 99
Chess Player's Quarterly 199
Chess-player's Week-end Book, The 1 79
Chess Post 250
Chess Praxis 1 59
Chess Problem, The 34
Chess Review 1 09, 1 26, 1 52, 153, 1 65, 1 86, 194, 220, 263
Chess Scandals: The 1978 World Chess Championship 236
Chess Sparks 1 82
Chess Step by Step 265
Chess Strategetics Illustrated 203
Chess Studies 1 1 6, 232
Chess: The Complete Self-Tutor 257
Chess The Easy Way 39
Chess The Records 162
Chess Tournament Crosstables 219
Chess Trivia 1 69
Chess Was Front Page News 80 Years Ago 203, 204
. . .
Chessworld 1 1 4
Chess World 1 06, 246
Chicco, Adriano 43
Chigorin, Mikhail Ivanovich 4, 94, 98, 1 04, 1 10, 1 50, 192- 193, 269
Chigorin 's Defence 98
Child of Change 220-226, 270
Chilton, Harris J. 77
Churchill, Winston Leonard Spencer 40
120 Partidas Cortas de Ajedrez 96
General Index 311
Cincinnati Commercial Gazette 241

C.J. S.Purdy, His Life, His Games and His Writings 234-235
Clarke, Peter Hugh 195
Clemenz, Hermann 260
Cochrane, John 95
Cockburn, Alexander 1 62, 208
Cohn, Erich 260
Coles, Richard Nevil 86, 90, 1 04, 1 53, 1 79
Colle, Edgard 1 60, 268
Collins, John William 1 27
Combat: My Fifty Years at the Chessboard 50, 60
Commercial Appeal 1 30
Compleat Draughts Player, The 59
Complete Book of Gambits, The 262
Complete Chess Course, The 90
Comprehensive Chess Endings 19
Computers 8 1 , 250
Conill 26 1
Cook, William 99- 1 0 1 , 1 1 6, 24 1
Cooke, Alistair 232, 233
Copying by writers 1 64, 262, 267
Correspondence chess 49, 50, 5 1 , 250, 258
Correspondents:
Abundo, Casto Paulino 129
Ballo, Harald, E. 205
Barrett, James J. 1 19, 1 24, 1 62
Bernstein, Sidney Norman 60, 1 27, 1 8 3
Bibuld, Jerome 9 1
Blair, Louis, 1 88, 202, 203, 272
Boxer, A.B. 105
Bradley, R.F. 93
Brandreth, Dale Alden 109, 1 22
BUcker, Stefan Michael 26 1
Cafferty, Bernard 87
Capablanca Clark, Olga 27 1
Chernev, Irving 265
Chicco, Adriano 43
Cozens, William Harold 32, 34, 4 1 , 90, 1 04, 1 07, 140, 1 79, 257
De Smet, Karl 1 2 1
Diggle, Geoffrey Harber 1 1 6, 1 36, 246, 27 1
Donnell, Brian 99- 100, 192
Duke, James H. 1 93
Erlandsson, Carl-Eric 5 1 , 59, 1 22
Evans, Larry Melvyn 266
Fischer, Robert James (Bobby) 249
Forster, Richard 259

Freeman, Nigel 1 35
Gaige, Jeremy 257, 27 1
Golombek, Harry 269
Gray, John 94
Hartston, William Roland 1 24, 1 8 1
Hooper, David Vincent 1 80
Janusz, Edward 260
Jelliss, George Peter 106
Johansson, Sixten 42, 1 04
Kazic, Bozidar 1 89
Keene, Raymond Dennis 266
Kleinhenz, Hans-Georg 40, 1 0 1 , 165, 1 8 1 , 196
Korn, Walter 266
Krabbe, Tim 60
Kuperman, Hector B. 99
Lappin, Richard 67, 96, 99, 1 28, 203, 204
Lopez, Victor Jimenez 192
Lyman, Harry 68
Macdonald-Ross, Michael Inman Philip 89, 1 14, 262
McAlister, David 1 1 6
McDowell, Michael 6, 86, 94, 142, 145, 1 78
McGuigan, Colin 1 27, 1 52
Meadley, Robert 106, 108, 1 69, 198, 264
Moran Santamaria, Pablo 192, 194, 248, 267
Mottet, Philipp 39
Muller, Gunter 89, 1 80
Mur, Frank X. 1 70
Myers, Hugh Edward 87, 1 04, 1 14, 1 1 9, 1 23- 124, 1 50, 1 54, 19 1 , 2 1 2, 233, 260, 269
Neat, Kenneth Philip 25-26, 92, 266
Nunn, John Denis Martin 1 6, 269
O'Keefe, Jack 23, 1 75, 1 8 1 , 1 86- 1 87
Olthof, Rene 1 3 , 23, 26, 1 14, 1 1 7
Ozols, Karlis Alexander 1 35
Pearce, Ronald 20
Pollard, Gordon 70
Pratt, James 266
Prins, Lodewijk 1 63, 1 82, 257
Rather, John Carson 108 ·
Reich, Richard 25 1
Robinson, C. Derek 86, 263
Roycroft, Arthur John 2, 140, 1 65
Rubinstein, William D. 1 23, 128, 1 6 1 , 1 82, 185, 1 8 8
Russell, Hanon William 260
Schiller, Eric Andrew 266
General Index 313
Sharpe, Michael 19
Sinnott, Robert 258
Skoff, Frank Joseph 39-40
Squires, Michael 28, 1 7 8
Steinkohl, Ludwig Wilhelm 258
Stern, George 203, 252
Tassinari, Edward J. 50, 9 1 , 92, 1 28, 1 34, 1 36, 1 5 2, 1 66, 1 67, 194
Testa, Tom 1 0 1
Thivisol, Richard 57
Timson, Paul 2, 109, 190
Valois, Paul Stedman 1 26- 1 27
van de Weijer, Jeroen 88-89
Verhoeven, Rob 50, 87, 1 00- 1 0 1 , 1 1 6, 1 63, 1 89, 197, 263
Wade, Robert Graham 258
Whatmough, Granville 28
Whitworth, Timothy George 58
Whyld, Kenneth 19, 23, 1 2 1 , 1 58, 1 79, 1 8 1, 1 84, 1 88, 1 89, 195, 200
Wilson, Fred 266
Wood, Baruch Harold 1 06, 270
Zutter, Fran�ois 258
Corzo y Principe, Juan 56, 9 1 , 1 39, 1 54, 1 94, 2 1 5, 258
Coudari, Camille 209, 2 1 0
Country Life 264
Courrier, Le 14
Courts, Chess in the 1 09- 1 1 3 , 262
Cox, E. 262
Cozens, William Harold 32, 34, 4 1 , 90, 1 04, 1 07, 140, 1 79, 257
Cr6nica de Ajedrez 52
Cross, Rupert 1 60
Crowl, Frank Arthur 83
Cukierman, Josef 1 19, 146, 265
Curdo, John Anthony 68, 8 1
Curious Chess Facts 1 2 1
Cuthbertson 86
Czerniak, Moshe 8 1 , 1 69
Daily Mail 54-55

Daily Sketch 105
Daily Telegraph 109, 1 56, 2 1 8
Dake, Arthur William 1 34
Daly, Harlow Bussey 67-68, 96-97, 99
Dangerous Moves 214
Daniels, David 1 54
Dann, Stephen Alan 67, 99
Danvers Opening 96-97
Darrach, Brad 1 62, 209

Das 1 x 1 des Endspiels 23
David Bronstein's Best Games of Chess 1944- 1949 108
Davidson, Jacques 80
Davies, Nigel Rodney 152
Davis, Steve 1 8 1
Dawson, Thomas Rayner 1 06
Death 1 26- 1 27
Debarnot, Roberto 1 1 4
de Firmian, Nicholas Ernest 1 3 5
Delmar, Eugene 1 02, 261
Delprat , T .D. 106
'de Lyons Pike, Professor' 144, 265
Dempsey, Jack 1 8 1
del Sel, Luis Enrique 55
de Riviere, Arnous 44
De Smet, Karl 1 2 1
Deutsche Schachbliitter 1 34, 1 79, 220, 268
Deutsche Schachzeitung 28, 40, 98, 10 1 , 1 8 1 , 188, 1 95, 196, 197, 202, 220, 257, 258, 259,
260, 273
Deutsches Wochenschach 1 1 1 , 1 79, 200, 244
Devide, Charles 20 1 , 202
Devide, H . 59
Dew, Rowena Mary 1 9, 2 1 0
Diagonale du Fou, La 2 14
Diamond, H.S. 1 24
Diario de Ia Marina 1 35
Diaz, Luis R. 59
Diccionario Encic/opedico Hispano-Americano 143
Dictionary of Modern Chess 90, 1 07, 144
Dictionnaire des Echecs 34, 124
Dickins, Anthony Stewart Mackay 145
Diemer, Emil Josef 1 5
Diggle, Geoffrey Harber 96, 1 16, 1 36, 140, 192, 246, 27 1
Divinsky, Nathan Joseph 227
Dobbs, Gilbert 77
Docklands Encounter 229
Doery 6 1
Domination in 2, 545 Endgame Studies 1 85
Donaldson, John 262
Donnell, Brian 99- 100, 192
Donner, Johannes Hendrikus (Jan Hein) 193
Dortmund, 1928 69
Doubled pawns 1 26, 264
Drake, Sir Francis 237
General Index 315
Draughts 59
Draw! 234, 256
Dreihundert Schachpartien 1 65, 196
Dresden, 1892 8, 92, 94
Dubois, Serafino 20 1 , 202
Dufresne, Jean 1 0 1
Duke, James H. 193
du Mont, Julius 70, 179, 1 9 1 , 20 1 , 2 1 5
Dunn, W.R. 64
Dunning, John 8 1
Dunsany, Lord 1 1 6- 1 1 7
Duras, Oldrich 1 07, 229
Durnovo 173, 1 75
Dyckhoff, Eduard 5 1 , 1 60
Dynamic Chess 86, 1 53
Dzindzichashvili, Roman Yakovlevich 58, 258
Earliest chess content in book 1 14

Ebert, Hilmar 145
Eccles, A . 1 72, 173
Echiquier, L' 98, 1 20
Echiquier Beige, L' 1 19
Eco degli Scacchi, L' 54
Edge, Frederick Miln[e]s 256
Edmondson, Edmund Broadley 236
Egli, H. 219
Eguiluz, Mariano 76
Ehn, Michael 260
Einstein, Albert 2 10
Ekstrom, Folke 50
Eletem, A Sakk 205
Eljaschoff, Moissei Zacharowitsch 258
Ellis, John Henry 1 82
Elo, Arpad Emrick 1 27, 1 62, 220, 228, 272
Elo ratings 67, 1 62, 220, 228, 272
Elson, Jacob 26 1
Emanuel Lasker, The Life of a Chess Master 49, 148
Emanuel Lasker Volume 3 67, 176
Emery, Alfred 1 00
Enciclopedia Universal Ilustrada 143
Encyclopaedia Britannica 1 68, 252
Encyclopaedia of Chess, The 76, 142, 143
Encyclopaedia of Chess Middlegames 1 68, 200, 267
Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings 77, 2 1 9
Encyclopaedia Judaica 249, 250
Encyclopedia of Chess, The 28, 1 04, 142

Encyclopedia of Chess Variants, The 258
Englisch, Berthold 90
English Chess Association 1 68
English Chess Explosion, The 1 54
English Opening 89, 90, 260
En Passant 227
Equipe, L' 247
Era 1 3 3
Era-Schachproblem-Turnierbuch 27 1
Erlandsson, Carl-Eric 5 1 , 59, 1 22
Ernst Franz Griinfeld 260
Ervin 50
Estevez Morales, Guillermo 20
Estrategia Mexicana, La 52
Estrategia y Tdctica en Ajedrez 29
Ettlinger, Alfred K. 37
Europa-Rochade 23
Europe Echecs 1 06, 2 1 7, 27 1
Euwe, Machgielis (Max) 68, 80, 92, 96, 1 04, 1 05, 1 06, 1 07, 1 09, 1 23, 1 28, 1 35, 1 39, 149,
1 5 1 , 1 60, 1 63, 1 64, 1 66, 1 82- 1 83, 205, 209, 233, 235-236, 238, 239, 246, 263, 266, 27 1
Evans, Larry Melvyn 1 08, 142, 1 53, 1 57- 158, 1 63, 1 66, 1 82, 195, 208-209, 246, 262,
266, 269
Evans Gambit 77
Evans on Chess 1 66, 195
Evening News 2, 109, 1 24
Evening News and Post, The 1 10
Evening Standard 140
Evenssohn, Alexander Moiseevich 1 76, 1 77
Excuses for winning 1 25
Exploring the Chess Openings 89
Fahndrich, Hugo 77
Fahrni, Hans 35, 1 5 1
Fairhurst, William Albert 2 1 0
Falkbeer, Ernst Karl 1 00
Falling Towards England 265
Faschingsschach der Welt 1 8 1
Fastest players 1 34:.. 1 3 5
Faszination Fernschach 5 1
Federation Internationale des Echecs 1 29- 1 30, 1 89, 2 1 6-218
Feenstra Kuiper, Pieter 1 62
Feldt, M. 267
Felix 79
Fernschach 50, 5 1
General Index 31 7
Fernschach-Kurzsch/iisse 5 1
FIDE 1 29- 1 30, 1 89, 2 1 6-21 8
FIDE Revue 1 89
FIDE's origins 1 29- 1 30
Field, The 1 0 1 , 144, 148, 1 74, 1 75, 1 77, 1 86, 1 8 7
Field Book of Chess Generalship 204, 205
15 Games & Their Stories 1 1 8
Fifty-move limit 1 14- 1 1 5, 262-263
Figaro, Le 22 1
Figaro, El 52, 56
Fighting Chess 266
Filip, Miroslav 193
Financial Times 1 6 1
Finck, F.F. 197
Fine, Reuben 39, 49, 67, 1 07, 1 2 1 , 1 52- 1 53, 1 62, 165, 1 83, 197, 198, 202, 208, 209, 2 1 0,
222, 234, 237, 239, 260, 262, 263, 266, 272
Fingerfeh1er 1 66, 1 69
Finn, Julius 47, 1 1 1
Fiorito 4 1
Fireside Book of Chess, The 1 35, 1 64, 1 86, 195
Fischer, Joan 25 1
Fischer, Robert James (Bobby) 1 04, 108, 1 14, 1 1 5, 1 16, 1 2 1 , 123, 1 28, 149, 1 57, 1 58,
1 67, 208, 209, 2 10, 2 1 4, 2 1 5, 226, 227, 229, 235, 240, 246-247, 249-250, 25 1-252, 262, 266
Fiske, Daniel Willard 256
Five queens games 257
Five World Champions in tournaments 142, 2 1 5
Flamberg, Aleksander Dawidowicz 53
Flank Openings 108
Fleischmann, Blanca 53, 258
Fleissig, Bernhard 1 5 1
Flohr, Salo 1 2 1 , 1 60, 1 66, 205, 239, 263
Florian, Tibor 230
Fo/kestone Olympiad, 1933 193
Forster, Richard 259
Forty Years at the Top 8 1
Foster, Alfred William 1 09, 1 1 1
Four Knights' Game 99, 1 73, 260-26 1
Fraenkel, Heinrich 1 1 8- 1 19, 148
Frankfurt aiM, 1878 1 0 1
Frankfurt, 1887 67
Frankfurter Zeitung 1 89
Frank Marshall, United States Chess Champion 263, 268
Fraser, George Brunton 56, 86
Frederick the Great 173
Freeborough, Edward 92
Freeman, Nigel 135

'Freeman, S.' 1 7
French Defence 86, 89, 92, 1 1 7
Frere 102 ,.
Fridstein, German Samuilovich 1 53

Frieman, A. 1 7
From Morphy to Fischer 1 50, 1 70, 266
Fuller, Lawrence J. 203
Furman, Semyon Abramovich 227
Gaige, Jeremy 87, 88, 97, 1 77, 183, 185, 1 95, 197, 219, 220, 256, 257, 262, 270, 27 1
Gallego, Luis 147
Gallensis, Johannes 1 14
Game and Playe of the Chesse, The 1 14
Game of Chess, The 1 64, 260
Games of the Intercolonial Chess Match, The 198
Games Played in the World's Championship Match (Capablanca v Alekhine) 98
Garcia Palermo, Carlos H. 2 1 3
Gary Kasparov: My Games 266
Gawler Chess Journal, The 198
Gazette of the Gro/ier Club 1 9 1
Gebhardt, Rudolf 1 30
Gelabert y Barruete, Jose Antonio 60, 1 66
Geller, Efim Petrovich 1 25, 1 52
General Anzeiger 46
Gens una sumus (magazine) 1 67
Gens una sumus (motto) 1 89
Geography, Dubious 1 59, 1 70
Geschichte und Litteratur des Schachspie/s 198
Ghobash, Mohammed 1 1 3
Ghost writers 1 82- 1 83, 268, 270
Gibson, J.T. 1 86
Gik, Evgeny Yakovlevich 2 14, 258
Gligoric, Svetozar 1 25, 149, 224, 270
Glorias del Tab/ero "Capablanca" 1 66
Gobet, Fernand 14
'Gold coins game' (Marshall move) 84, 1 45 , 265
Golden Treasury of Chess, The 1 9 1
Goldman, Warren H. 42, 92, 268
Goldschmidt, E.P. 1 14
Golmayo Zupide, Celso F. 1 1 5
Golombek, Harry 28, 90, 98, 1 04, 1 1 3, 1 1 5, 142, 155, 1 64, 2 1 4, 2 1 5, 2 1 6, 229, 25 1 , 260,
269, 270
Gomez, Manuel A. 1 27
Gooding, A.M. 269
General Index 319
Goodman, David Simon Charles 2 1 7, 224, 270

Gorbachov, Mikhail Sergeevich 22 1
Gordon, Steven W. 262
Gottlieb, A. 93
Grabill 20 1
Graham, John . 1 50, 1 59
Graham, Peter Anderson 90, 1 32, 258, 264
Gran Ajedrez 1 88, 268
Grandmaster of Chess: The Middle Years of Paul Keres 169
Grand Tactics of Chess, The 204
Grau, Roberto Gabriel 32
Gray, John 94
Great American Chess-Players, II. H.N.Pillsbury 148
Great Brilliancy Prize Games of the Chess Masters 1 56
Great Short Games of the Chess Masters 1 9 1
Gregory, Bernhard 1 1
Grekov, Nikolay lvanovich 94, 257
Griffith, Richard Clewin 6 1
Griffith, Robert B . 6 1
Griffith, William H. 1 30
Griffith Jr., William H. 1 30- 1 3 1
Griffiths, Peter Charles 1 5 5
Grigoriev, Nikolay Dmitrievich 257
Grob, Henry 220
Grodzensky, Sergey Yakovlevich 92
Groiss 4 1
Grommer, Jacques 65
Grossmeister Bogo/jubow 220
Griinfeld, Ernst Franz 7 1 -73, 94, 1 07, 1 20, 1 55, 260
Griienfeld Defense, Russian Variations 1 5 5
Guardian, The 1 69
Guerra Boneo, Alejandro 32
Gulko, Boris Frantsevich 227
Gunsberg, lsidor Arthur 67, 90, 9 1 , 1 09, 1 10, 1 1 1 , 1 30, 1 85, 259, 260
Guns berg, Mrs 268
Gusev 22-23
Gutmayer, Franz 269
Gwinner, Herman George 1 86
Hagenlacher, Erich 1 79- 1 82

'Hagenlocher', Erich 1 79- 182
Half a Century of Chess 240
Hall, John 142
Hall, John Edmund 87-88
Haller, Lewis T. 64, 65
Halprin, Alexander 234
Hamburg, 1921 12
Hammond, George 203
Hammond, John 234
Hamppe, Carl 234, 27 1
Handbuch des Schachspiels (von Bilguer) 1 00
Handbuch des Schachspiels (Dufresne) 1 0 1
Hanham, James Moore 257
Hannak, Jacques 49, 148
Harding, Timothy David 89
Harnett, Robert 88
Harrison, Kevin J. 84
Harrwitz, Daniel 244, 261
Hartston, William Roland 1 24, 1 25, 142, 1 8 1 , 1 9 1
Hastings, 1895 9 1
Havana, 1913 9 1 , 1 39
Havana, 1952 1 63
Havasi, Kornel 98
Hawks, H.W. 269
Hearst, Eliot Sanford 1 28
H.E.Atkins: Doyen of British Chess Champions 104
Hecht, Solomon 1 7
Hedge 23
Heftye, J.G. 3 1
Heidenfeld, Wolfgang 5 , 28, 234, 256, 262
Heinicke, Herbert Theodoro 83
Helms, Hermann 105, 145, 1 54, 257, 268
Hempel, Jutta 53, 258
Henkin, V. 19
Henniques, A.L. 198
Herencia ajedrecfstica de Alekhine 148, 1 88 , 200
Herrera 26 1
Het Schaakphenomeen Jose Raoul Capablanca y Graupera 1 82- 1 83
Heuer, Valter 5 1 , 268
Hiidenheimo, A. 42
Hildebrand, Alexander 2 1
Hill, H.B. 96, 97
Hilliard, Edmund B. 62
Hilton, Suzanne 1 34
Hindels, Meier 1 7 3
Hirschfeld, Philipp 2 8 , 257
History of Chess, A 1 14
Hitler, Adolf 227
Hoaxes 1 36- 1 37, 1 79- 1 82, 194- 195, 264
Hodges, Albert Beauregard 1 1 1
Hoe neef Jan een goed schaker wordt 1 82
General Index 321
Hoffer, Leopold 148, 1 77, 1 80, 1 8 1 , 1 82, 1 86, 1 8 7

Hollway, F .A. 64
Homenaje a Jose Raul Capablanca 95, 1 66, 27 1
Hooper, David Vincent 1 80, 2 1 1, 245, 256
Hoppe, Willie 1 8 1
Horowitz, Israel Albert (AI) 143, 1 50, 1 56, 1 70, 209, 266
Hort, Vlastimil 227, 230
Horton, Byrne J. 90, 1 07, 144
Horwitz, Bernhard 1 3 1 , 241
Hotton, Peter 1 69
Howell, Clarence Seaman 82, 93
Howell, Edwin C. 203
How Purdy Won 84
How to Beat Bobby Fischer 1 1 6
How to Play Chess (Adams) 1 32
How to Play Chess (Lasker) 106, 272
HUbner, Robert 1 1 7
Human Side of Chess, The 96, 143, 265
Hume-Williams 1 09
Hundert Jahre Schachzweikiimpfe 1 62
Hundred Chess Gems, One 1 99
100 Classics of the Chessboard 145
1 00 Soviet Chess Miniatures 195
107 Great Chess Battles 1 8 8
1 75 Chess Brilliancies 1 9 1
Hustler, The 2 1 2
Hutchings, Frank 84
Hypermodernism 90, 95, 1 84, 1 87
Ideas Behind the Chess Openings, The 198

Idle Passion 1 62, 208
I kamp med viirldseliten 1 22
Illustrated London News 86, 1 33, 1 73, 1 76, 233, 237
Illustrated Sporting and Dramatic News 1 3 3
Immortal Games of Capablanca, The 1 84
Impostors 1 36- 137, 264
Injormaciones 248
Inside Chess 201 , 262
Instant Chess 1 63, 267
International Chess Magazine, The 9 1 , 1 05, 1 10, 1 2 1 , 125, 203, 24 1 -243, 260, 263, 273
International Herald Tribune 1 67
In the Dark 1 60
Introduction to the Endgame at Chess, An 19
Irregular openings 92, 94, 1 0 1 - 102
Irregular Openings 89
Ita/ia Scacchistica, L' 1 79, 1 87

"I Was Tortured in the Pasadena Jailhouse!" 249
Jacobs, Herbert Levi 1 1 1

Jaffe, Charles 6 1 , 1 1 0- 1 1 1 , 1 58
Jahrbuch des Westdeutschen Schachbundes 1862 1 16
James, Clive 265
Jamieson, Robert Murray 234
Janowsky, Chaim 258
Janowsky, Dawid Markelowicz 7, 10- 1 1 , 18, 36-38, 44, 6 1 , 82, 1 1 5 , 1 34, 145, 1 54, 155,
1 67, 173- 1 76, 1 84, 198- 1 99, 229, 243, 258, 267
Janusz, Edward 260
Jaque Mate (1930s) 193- 194
Jaque Mate 59, 1 25, 263
Jefferson, Rosa 130
Jelliss, George Peter 1 06
Jeux & Strategie 250
Johannes Zukertort, Artist of the Chessboard 256
Johansson, Sixten 42, 1 04, 1 79
John, Walter 1 60, 260
Johner, Hans 70
Johner, Paul F. 44, 70
Johnston, T.J. 1 83
J.R. Capablanca, 75 seiner schiinsten Partien 2 1 5
Judd, Max 9 1
Jugovitski 22-23
Junge, Klaus 43, 1 3 1 , 1 59, 1 60
Jungwirth, Helmut 1 1 3
Kagan, Bernhard 1 60, 1 9 1

Kagan, Milton 68
Kagans Neueste Schachnachrichten 1 87, 2 1 9
Kahn, Victor 265
Kalantarov 26
Kampf ('Struggle') 244
Kapablanka 1 83, 214
Kapablanka v Rossii 25
Karl 26 1
Karpov, Anatoly Evgenievich vii, 8 1 , 104, 107, 1 1 3, 123, 14 1 , 142, 1 57, 1 58, 1 6 1 , 1 8 1 ,
209, 2 1 3, 214, 2 1 5, 217, 222-225, 226, 228, 229, 232, 234, 236, 246, 247, 258, 265, 266,
269, 270
Karpov's Best Games 1 6 1
Kasparov, Garry Kimovich vii, 60, 90, 1 4 1 , 1 5 1 , 157, 166, 2 1 6-218, 220-226, 228, 229,
246-247, 250, 256, 264, 266, 267, 269, 270, 273
Kasparyan, Genrikh Moiseevich 1 85
General Index 323
Kasse/er Neueste Nachrichten 1 20

Kazic, Bozidar 1 89
Keeble, John Frederick 1 3 1 , 1 32
Keene, Lester 1 0- 1 1
Keene, Raymond Dennis 108, 146, 1 5 1 , 153, 1 54, 1 5 5 , 1 59, 1 65 , 1 66, 168, 19 1 , 21 6-21 8 ,
223, 224, 227-230, 262, 266, 267, 270
Kemeny, Emil 145
Kemeri-Riga, 1939 95
Kennedy, Hugh Alexander 246
Kenny, Herbert A . 1 69
Keres, Paul 5 1 , 87, 1 06, 1 22, 1 4 1 , 1 55, 1 69, 1 70, 1 87, 210, 230, 235, 240, 256, 268
Kevitz, Alexander 1 9 1
Kholmov, Ratmir Dmitrievich 227
King's Indian Defence 95
Kings of Chess, The 1 25
Kings of the Chess Board 1 28
Kinzel, Alfred 224
Klein, Ernst Ludwig 1 1 3, 262
Kleinhenz, Hans-Georg 40, 1 0 1 , 165, 1 8 1 , 196
Kliiver, Hans 1 80, 1 8 1
Klyatskin, Mikhail Gertsovich 87
Kmoch, Hans 80, 1 07, 1 20, 1 82, 190, 2 19, 263
Knight tour 20
Koch, Otto Gustav 74
Kok, Bessel 2 1 8
Kolisch, Ignatz 268
Koltanowski, George 1 0 1 , 1 2 1 , 1 59- 1 60, 262, 263, 265, 268
Kondratiev, Pavel Evseevich 1 52
Konig, Imre 100
Korchnoi, Viktor Lvovich 2 1 3, 2 14, 232, 234
Korn, Walter 202, 265, 266
Korostenski, Frank 1 68- 1 69
Kosten, Anthony Cornelius 140, 1 4 1
Kostic, Boris 7 9 , 1 07, 1 24, 1 62, 1 64, 1 87, 262
Kotov, Alexander Alexandrovich 1 88, 190, 200
Kovacevic, V. 35
Krabbe, Tim 60, 256, 257
Kramer, George Mortimer 50, 1 5 3
Kramer, Haije 1 83
Krejcik, Josef Emil 9, 40, 58, 93
Krejcik Gambit 93
Kreymborg, Alfred 1 35-1 36, 262, 264
Krueger, P. 6 1
KUchler, G.W. 1 86
Kunst des Positionsspiels 83
Kupchik, Abraham 9 1 , 1 3 5
Kuperman, Hector B. 99
Ktirschner, Max 45-46
Kussman, Leon 1 5 1
Labatt, Leon L . 14- 1 5, 77

Lacking the Master Touch 5
Lady's Pictorial 268
'Lamberg' 53
Lancet, Edmond Emile 1 19- 1 20, 263
Land and Water 86
Landau, Salo 1 07, 262
Landsberger, Kurt 264
Lange, Max 28, 49, 97-98, 1 00, 1 16, 1 24, 1 54, 190- 1 9 1 , 269
Langeweg, Christiaan Gerrit 1 82
Langfield, Paul 1 39
Language in chess books 140- 142, 265
Lappin, Richard 67, 96, 99, 1 28, 203, 204
Larsen, Bent 1 04, 1 25, 20 1 , 202, 2 1 0, 2 1 3, 2 1 8, 250
Lasker, Edward 5, 149, 1 73, 202, 257, 269
Lasker, Emanuel 3, 49, 59, 67, 76, 82, 9 1 , 92, 94, 97, 1 05, 106, 107, 108, 1 22, 1 23, 1 25-
1 26, 128, 129, 1 34, 1 39, 145, 148, 149, 1 50, 1 60, 1 64, 1 65, 1 67, 1 7 3- 1 76, 177, 1 78, 183,
1 87, 1 88, 190, 193, 197, 203, 208, 214, 2 1 5, 228, 229, 234, 24 1 , 243, 244, 245, 248, 249,
259, 26 1 , 264, 267, 268, 269, 272, 273
Lasker family background 1 73
Lasker & His Contemporaries 45, 1 73, 193
Lasker's Chess Career, Part I: 1889-1914, Dr 49, 197
Lasker's Chess Magazine 128
Lasker's Chess Manual 82, 1 07, 1 78
Lasker's Chess Primer 24 1 , 272
Lasker's Greatest Chess Games 1889-1914 49, 197
Lasker's How to Play Chess 1 06, 272
Lasker's Manual of Chess 82, 107, 178
Lasker/Schlechter controversy 1 77, 268
Latvis 2 1
Laws, Benjamin Glover 109
Lawson, David 108, 1 62, 262
Lazard, Frederic 144
Learn from Your Defeats 2 1 3, 2 14, 225
Learn to Play Chess 199
Lee, Francis Joseph 1 10
Leens 1 1 5
Legado! 24
Legrain, Gaston 7 1
Lehmann, F . 260
General Index 325
Lehr- und Handbuch der Endspiele 19

Leith, Paul 17
Le Lionnais, Fran�ois 7 1 , 1 1 2, 257
Lengden, John 54
Leonhardt, Paul Saladin 5 1
Lessing, Norman 86
Lessons from My Games 183, 260, 272
Levenfish, Grigory Yakovlevich 1 28, 240
Levitzky, Stepan Mikhailovich 145
Levy, David Neil Lawrence 1 63, 2 10, 2 1 1 , 2 1 6, 2 1 8
Levy, Jacqueline 2 1 7
Levy, Judge 1 10
Lewin (Levin), A. 4
Liberation 1 70
Libre dels jochs partitis dels schachs en nombre de 100 198
Life of Paul Morphy in the Vieux Carre of New-Orleans and Abroad 1 62
Lilienthal, Andor 88, 1 2 1 , 128, 1 60, 1 99, 205, 206, 264
Lincoln, Abraham 40
Linder, Isaak Maxovich 25-26
Linder, Vladimir 25-26
Lindstrom, A. 1 1 1
Linguistic faults 140- 142, 265
Lipschutz, S. 1 14, 1 83
Literature of Chess, The 1 50, 266
Littlewood, John Eric 1 4 1
Ljubojevic, Ljubomir 209, 229
Locock, Charles Dealtry 1 29
Lokvenc, Josef 50
London, 1851 1 59
London, 1862 20 1 , 202
London, 1927 1 45- 146
Long, Robert B. 1 7 3
Longest analysis 1 17
Long thinking 1 17- 1 1 8
Lopez Esnaola, Benito 1 52
Lopez, Victor Jimenez 1 92
Lopez 26 1
Lord 99
Lowcki, Mojzesz Leopoldowicz 1 63
Lowe, Edward 246
Lowenthal, Johann Jacob 53, 1 00, 1 32- 133, 20 1 , 2 1 4, 27 1
Lowtzky, M. 265
Lowy, Leopold 79
Loyd, Sam 39
Lucarelli 6
Lucena da Silva, Lincoln 2 1 6-21 8 , 223

Lundin, Erik 50
Lyman, Harry 67-68, 99
Macbeth, J.C.H. 265

Macdonald-Ross, Michael Inman Philip 89, 1 14, 262
MacDonnell, George Alcock 1 3 3
Mackarness, Mrs H enry 1 34
Mackenzie, George Henry 1 3, 94, 1 5 1 , 203, 204
MacLeod, Nicholas Menelaus 3, 257
MacMahon, P.A. 30
Madrid, 1943 238
Magdeburg, 1927 5 1 , 52
Magee, James Francis 102
Maitre de /'attaque, Le 1 6- 1 7
Major Tactics of Chess, The 247
Maliutin, Boris Evgenievich 1 1 , 35
Manchester Evening News 243
Manchester Guardian 1 69
Mangelsdorf, Richard 196
Manual of Chess 100
Mapes, Bob 1 54
Marache, Napoleon 100
'Marbl' 22-23
Marble, Murray 22-23
Marco, Georg 4, 92, 149, 193, 234, 258
Marcos, Ferdinand 2 1 6
Marie Antoinette 258
Mar6czy, Geza 7 1 , 99, 1 17- 1 1 8, 128, 145, 1 50, 198- 199, 2 14, 250, 263
Marquez Sterling, Manuel 76
Marrero, Tomas 59
Marshall, Frank James 5, 6, 14- 1 5 , 45, 67, 7 1 , 77, 78, 82, 84, 90, 92, 102, 104, 105, 1 1 1 ,
1 1 7- 1 1 8, 128, 129, 135, 1 36, 145, 146, 1 50, 153, 1 54, 164, 1 77, 1 82, 1 83, 1 88, 2 14, 229,
26 1 , 263, 265, 268
Marshall Gambit 102, 26 1
Marshall Swindle 14- 15
Marshall, James 126
Marshall's Best Games of Chess 45, 1 77, 1 82
Marti, Jose 52
Martin, William 242
Martinez Amengual, Gumersindo 96
Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots 258
Mason, James 1 0, 9 1 , 92, 1 10, 242, 269
Masters of the Chess Board 1 4 1
Mate by castling 79-80
General Index 327
Mates, Missed 7, 10, 1 5 , 2 1 , 80, 257

Mathewson, F. 97
Mattison, Herman 2 1
Mattison's Chess Endgame Studies 2 1
Max Euwe 80
Maxim, Hudson 146
Mayet, Carl 75
McAlister, David 1 1 6
McClure, G.T. 97
McCombe, Alexander George 264
McCormick, Gene H. 1 00
McCudden, J.L. 97
McDonald, Frank 1 69
McDonnell, Alexander 232
McDowell, Michael 6, 86, 94, 1 42, 145, 178
McGrath, Martin D. 76
McGuigan, Colin 1 27, 1 52
Meadley, Robert 106, 108, 1 69, 198, 263, 264
Medina Garcia, Antonio Angel Jose 147
Mednis, Edmar John 1 16
Meet the Masters 1 39, 1 82
Meiden, Walter 236
Meie Keres 5 1
Mein Abschied vom Schach 58
Meitner, Philipp 234, 260
Melgarejo, Francisco 59
Memorable Chess Games, Brilliants, and Miniatures, with Notes, Queries, and
Answers 269
Memorial to William Steinitz, A 20 1
Memory 107
Menchik, Vera 72, 1 60, 1 67, 205, 206, 262, 269
Mengarini, Ariel Aldace Anteo 50
Menkes, H. 200
Mercier, Jean-Pierre 1 70
Mes 60 meilleures parties 1 49
Mestel, Jonathan 1 35
Metger, Johannes 4
Michel, Paul 69
Michell, Edward Algernon 1 77
Michell, Reginald Pryce 1 50, 1 5 1 , 1 60
Michelsen, Einar 63
M.I. Chigorin 94
Middlesex Chess/etter 2
Middle Years of Paul Keres, The 1 69
Mieses, Jacques 3 1 , 47, 67, 9 1 , 1 1 5, 1 20, 1 95, 196, 197
Migoya, Jose Fernandez 96

Milescu, Milu 23
Miller, J.W. 24 1
Milton, Frank 1 12
Minckwitz, Johannes 1 65, 263
Mindeno, Heinz Erwin 214
Mingrelia, Prince Dadian of 264
Miniatures and brevities (definition) 34
Miniatures from the World Champions 2 14-21 5, 265
Minor Tactics of Chess, The 203, 204
Mis Cincuenta Partidas con Maestros 108
Missed mates 7, 10, 1 5 , 2 1 , 80, 257
Mlotkowski, Stasch 78
Modern Art of Attack 142
Modern Chess Brilliancies 1 63
Modern Chess Instructor, The 99
Modern Chess Openings 7, 107, 1 52, 1 54, 1 55, 266
Modern Chess Tactics 6
Modern Ideas in Chess 1 72
Moeurs en direct: jouer sa vie 209-2 10
Moffatt, W. 269
Monde //lustre, Le 1 8
Monte Carlo, 1903 145
Mora Iturralde, Maria Teresa 56
Moran Santamaria, Pablo 147, 1 52, 1 92, 194, 199, 248, 267
Moreau, Colonel 227
Morgan, David James 1 1 8- 1 19, 1 72, 237, 245
Morley, F. 1 86
Morphy, Paul Charles vii, 52-53, 76, 84, 92, 99- 1 0 1 , 104, 108, 1 20, 1 2 1 , 1 56, 1 57, 1 58,
1 60, 1 62, 2 1 2, 2 1 4, 229, 235, 241 , 242, 244, 248, 256, 260, 26 1 , 262, 265
Morphy Chess Masterpieces 248
Morphy's Defence (Ruy Lopez) 99- 101
Morphy's Games of Chess 100, 214
Morphy-Voitier, Regina 1 62
Moscow Marathon 265
Mottet, Philipp 39
Mouterde, Anatole 23
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus 244
Muffang, Andre 1 20
Mugridge 20 1
Muhring, Willem Jan 1 83
Muller, Gunter 89, 1 80, 1 8 1
Muller, Hans 1 88, 200, 219
Muller, H.D. 88
Munich, 1900 199, 234
General Index 329
Mtinz, R. 40
Mur, Frank X. 1 70
Murray, Harold James Ruthven 57, 1 14, 1 44
Muzio Gambit 234
My Best Games 157, 266
My Best Games of Chess 1908-1923 1 77
My Best Games of Chess 1924-1937 1 7, 96, 146, 1 5 1 , 1 93
My Best Games of Chess 1905-1930 7 1 , 87, 1 27, 2 19, 269
My Chess Adventures 94
My Chess Career 56, 1 39, 252
Myers, Hugh Edward 87, 89, 104, 1 14, 1 19, 123- 1 24, 1 50, 1 54, 1 9 1 , 2 1 2, 232, 260, 269
Myers Openings Bulletin, The 89
My Fifty Years of Chess 45, 1 77, 1 82
My Games 266
My 60 Memorable Games 149
My System 1 59
Naci6n, La 259
Najdorf, Miguel 8 1 , 1 22, 1 28, 228
Napier, William Ewart 28, 84
Nardus, Leo 1 74
Nationalism 1 3 1
Navarro, Miguel 238
Neat, Kenneth Philip 25-26, 92, 2 1 0, 2 1 3, 2 14, 266
Neill, Benjamin Milnes 9 1
Neishtadt, lakov Isaevich 87, 2 10, 256
Nenarokov, Vladimir lvanovich 194- 195
Neue theoretisch-praktische Anweisung zum Schachspiele 87
Neue Wiener Schachzeitung 9
Neumann, Alexander 19
Neumann, Gustav Richard Ludwig 19, 244
Newcastle Evening Chronicle 269
New Citizen, The 1 28
New in Chess 1 1 3, 135, 1 89, 192, 247, 258, 266, 268, 269, 270, 272, 273
New Orleans Times-Democrat 76-77, 243
Newsflash/news flash 1 1 3, 1 20, 1 4 1 , 2 1 2, 2 1 3, 2 1 6, 2 1 7, 2 1 8
New Statesman, The 1 1 8
Newton, Sir Isaac 242
New York Evening Post 1 74, 1 75, 1 8 8
New York Recorder 49
New York Times, The 126, 1 27, 1 66, 1 8 1 , 273
New York, 1857 1 00
New York, 1889 1 14, 238
New York, 1924 6, 95, 98, 145, 178
Nichya! 23
Nield, Alan Edgar 1 1 2

Niemeyer, Friedrich August 101
Nigel Short: Chess Prodigy 1 04
Nigro, Carmine 25 1
Nimzo-Indian Defence 90, 92, 97
Nimzowitsch, Aron 44, 90, 1 46, 1 59, 1 66, 1 69, 228, 236-237, 259, 27 1
Nimzowitsch Defence 90
Nimzowitsch/Larsen Attack 1 9 1
Nissl, Theodor 73
Norton, Frank 53, 258
Notation 1 25- 1 26
Noteboom, Daniel 1 82
Nottingham, 1936 1 6 1 , 1 66, 239, 272
Novoe Vremya 1 76
Nunn, John Denis Martin 16, 269
Nuremberg, 1896 43
Obituaries, Brief 1 34
Observer, The 220, 226
Ocho por ocho 192, 1 99
O'Connell, Kevin J. 1 63
Odell/O'Dell 1 23
Ododliga parlier och andra schackkaserier 42
O'Keefe, Jack 23, 1 75, 1 8 1, 1 86- 1 87
O'Kelly de Galway, Alberic 1 1 5, 1 22
Oldest chess writers 108, 262
O'Leary, Theodore 1 67
Olland, Adolf Georg 1 26
Olthof, Rene 13, 23, 26, 1 14, 1 1 7
Olympische Blitzsiege 1 5
On the Road to the World Championship 1923- 1927 98
One-Hundred-and-One of My Best Games of Chess 1 04, 1 26
One Hundred Chess Gems 1 99
Opening Game in Chess, The 94
Opocensky, Karel 260
Ortega, Rogelio 58
Osiecki, Kazimierz 1 12
6sterreichische Lesehalle 19
Ostolaza 26 1
Owen, John 146
Oxford Companion to Chess, The 99, 100, 198, 199, 2 1 1 , 243, 256, 269
Oxford Encyclopedia of Chess Games 74, 86, 99, 1 9 1 , 260
Oxford Reference Dictionary, The 1 87
Ozols, Karlis Alexander 1 1 5, 1 3 5
General Index 331
Pachman, Ludek 6, 50, 94

Paderewski, Ignace Jan 244
Palacio y Toscana, Carlos Alberto 58, 163
Palatnik, Semyon Alexandrovich 23
Palau, Luis Argentino 8 1
Pandolfini, Bruce 2 1 1-2 1 2, 226, 230
Panov, Vasily Nikolaevich 183, 214
Paris, 1924 147
Paris Opening 88-89
Pariser Zeitung 273
Parpal, J. 29
Partidas Cldsicas de Capablanca 98
Partidas Magistrales de Roberto Gra.u 33
Partie d'echecs, La 1 64
Pascal, Blaise 142
Paul Keres Chess Master Class 87, 2 10, 256
Paul Morphy 214
Paul Morphy and the Golden Age of Chess 84
Paul Morphy, The Pride and Sorrow of Chess 1 08, 1 62, 262
Paul Morphy - Sketch from the Chess World 100
Paul Rudolf v. Bi/guer 74
Paulsen, Louis 24 1 , 242
Paulsen, Wilfried 94, 195
Paunin, Thierry 247, 250
Pawelczak, Adolf 1 88, 200
Peacock, J.O. 54
Peak age 1 27
Pearce, Ronald 20
Pearson, Arthur Cyril 87
Penguin Book of Chess Positions, The 31
Perez Perez, Francisco Jose 263
Perez, Jose Andres 55
Perlis, Julius 1 77
Perlman 1 1 0
Perna, Alois 92
Pester Loyd 258
Pestic, R. 60
Pet moves 104
Petroff (Petrov), Alexander Dmitrievich 87
Petroffs Defence 94
Petrosian, Tigran Vartanovich 104, 105, 142, 2 14, 232, 27 1
Philadelphia, 1876 9 1
Philidor, Fran�Yois-Andre Danican 104, 143
Physick, Thomas 87
Piece coiffee 124
Pillsbury, Harry Nelson 14, 46, 59, 67, 9 1 , 105, 146, 148, 1 54, 1 84- 1 85, 203, 204, 208,
214, 225, 234, 244, 26 1
Pillsbury's Chess Career 1 85
Pion coifje 123- 1 24
Piotrowski, Alexander 1 12
Pirc Defence 90
Pistyan, 1922 70
Plaskett, Harold James 1 4 1
Platz, Joseph 107, 1 36
Playing to Win 1 4 1
Play the Tarrasch 1 50
Poco de ajedrez, Un 76
Podgorny, Jiri 1 5 1
Polgar, Judit 73
Polgar, Sofia 73
Polish Opening 86
Pollard, Gordon 70
Pomar Salamanca, Arturo 24, 108, 1 63
Ponce-Sala, Lorenzo 29
Popert, H.W. 95, 1 1 6
Popiel, Ignatz von 92
"Popular" Handbook of Chess 144- 145, 265
Popular journalism 208-209
Porreca, Giorgio 1 79
Portisch, Lajos 1 1 7, 1 70, 250
Potter, William Norwood 1 64, 272
Powell, Daniel 272
Practical Chess Endings 1 4 1
Prague, 1942 43
Prague, 1943 50
Pratt, James 266
Praxis of My System, The 1 59
Predicament in Two Dimensions 50
Predictions 1 28- 1 29, 264
Primer of Chess, A 1 17, 143
Prins, Lodewijk 1 5, 1 09, 1 5 1 , 163, 1 82, 257, 262, 266
Pritchard, David Brine 258
Pritchett, Craig William 2 1 0
Prix de Beaute aux Echecs, Les 257
Problem moves in play 5-6
Prodigies 52-56, 6 1-66, 1 30- 1 3 1 , 258-259
Provenance 1 69
Przepiorka, Dawid 7 1 , 259, 264
Psychology and chess 1 65, 208
Psychology of the Chess Player, The 1 62, 1 65, 222
General Index 333
Public Ledger 54
Punctuation 1 1 6
Purdy, Cecil John Seddon 83-84, 1 06, 234-235, 246, 259, 27 1
Queen sacrifices 29, 1 29

Queen's Gambit, The 2 1 1 , 225
Queen's Gambit Accepted 9 1
Queen's Gambit Declined 9 1 , 96, 98-99, 1 73
Queen's Gambit Declined, Tarrasch Defence 74, 1 0 1
Queen's Indian Defence 95
Queen's Pawn Game 9 1 , 101
Queen's Pawn, Budapest Defence 219
Quesada, Juan Antonio 1 63
Rabinovich, Ilya Leontievich 1 52, 219

Radio recordings of masters 1 22- 1 23
Ranken, Charles Edward 9 1 , 99
Ranneforth, Heinrich Johann August 1 1 1
Rather, John Carson 1 08
Rating of Chessp/ayers Past & Present, The 127, 1 62, 272
Ravi Kumar, V. 1 6 1
Raymond, E . L . 186
Recordings of masters 1 22- 123, 263
Ree, Hans 272
Reeders, J .C. 80
Rees, Leonard Percy 1 30
Regeln fiir Nichtmitspie/er 1 2 1
Regensburger, L. 46
Reich, Richard 25 1
Reinfeld, Fred 45, 49, 74, 90, 96, 109, 135, 143, 147, 1 56, 164, 1 8 2, 1 84, 1 86, 19 1 , 195,
197 ' 208, 248, 265
Rejfif, Josef 1 60
Renaud, Georges 265
Reshevsky, Samuel Herman 54, 6 1-66, 92, 104, 1 10, 1 1 8 , 120, 1 3 1 , 143, 1 54, 235, 258-
259, 268
Reshevsky on Chess 268
Reshevsky's year of birth 259
Reti, Richard 4 1 , 69, 90, 92, 95, 120, 1 4 1 , 1 50, 1 72, 1 73, 193, 20 1, 202, 227, 260
Reti Opening 90, 260
Retirement announcements 1 04- 105, 1 35- 1 36, 261-262
Retreating moves 58
Return of Alekhine, The 246
Reuben, Stewart 1 3 1
Revista Cubana de Ajedrez 60
Revista de Ajedrez, La 1 3
Revista del Club Argentino de Ajedrez 55

Revista lnternacional de Ajedrez 1 1 3, 263
Rey, H. 95
Rey Ardid, Ramon 1 5 1
Ribli, Zoltan 2 1 3
Rice Gambit 1 10- 1 1 1
Rice, Isaac Leopold 1 1 0- 1 1 1
Rice, John Michael 2 1 0
Rice, Tim 2 1 2
Richardson, Martin J . 2 1 0
Richter, Kurt Otto Joseph 92, 1 79
Richter 1 0 1
Richter-Veresov Opening 92, 260
Riemann, Fritz 195, 196, 197
Rivista Scacchistica ltaliana 43
Robinson, C. Derek 86, 263
Roegner, Johannes Adolf (Adolph) 121
Roman Dzindzichashvili - Sein Aufstieg zur Weltspitze 58, 258
Romanov, Isaak Zalmanovich 94
Romanovsky, Peter Arsenievich 26
Romih, Max 264
Rosebault, Frederick D. 257, 258
Rosen , Leon 200
Rosenthal, Jacob Carl I l l
Rosenthal, Samuel 1 00, I l l
Roshal, Alexander Borisovich 232
Rothman, A. 107
Rotlewi, Gedali Abram 258
Rousseau, Eugene 1 00
Roycroft, Arthur John 2, 1 40, 1 65
Rubinstein, Akiba Kiwelowicz 6 1 , 7 1 , 99, 107, 1 20, 1 2 1 - 122, 1 5 1 , 1 89, 190, 229, 230
Rubinstein, Artur 1 22
Rubinstein, Sammy 1 2 1- 122
Rubinstein family 1 22
Rubinstein Variation (Four Knights' Game) 99, 260-26 1
Rubinstein, William D . 123- 1 24, 1 28, 1 6 1 , 1 82, 185, 1 8 8
Russell, Hanon William 260
Russell Collection 260
Ruy Lopez 95, 97, 99- 1 0 1 , 102, 1 73, 26 1
Ryall, Isaac 262
Saburov (Sabourow), Peter Alexandrovich 175

Saburov, Peter Petrovich 1 30, 1 7 5
Sahovski Glasnik 1 79, 1 80, 1 8 1
Saidy, Anthony Fred 86
General Index 335
'
Saint-Amant, Pierre Charles Fournier de 95, 260
Sales of books 1 3 1- 132, 265
Salomon, Eugenio 24
Salot, Henry 54
Salvioli, Carlo 1 87
Samisch, Friedrich 52, 1 20, 238
Sanchez, Bob 8 1
Sanchez, Miguel Angel 158, 1 59
Sandehn, Kenth 34
San Francisco Chronicle 1 0 1
San Remo, 1930 1 54
Sapira, Emmanuel 160
Sarratt, Jacob Henry 220, 262
Saturday Review 1 34
Scacco 1 68
Schachfreund 40
Schacherbe A/jechins, Das 1 88, 200
Schachgenie Aljechin, Leben und Werk 1 88, 200
Schachjahrbuch fiir 1912 69, 200, 202
Schachkuriosa 39
Schachmeister Steinitz 56, 202
Schachminiaturen 34
Schach Report 268
Schach war mein Leben 205
Schachwart, Das 244
Schachwoche, Die 2 1 6, 2 1 7
Schachzeitung der Berliner Schachgesel/schaft 1 0 1
Schacknytt 1 79
Schaefer, Jake 1 8 1
Schakend Nederland 1 79
Schapiro, Morris A . 6 1
Schelfhout, Willem Andreas Theodorus 262
Schierstedt 1 24
Schiffers, Emanuel 4
Schiller, Eric Andrew 1 50, 1 5 5 , 2 1 3, 2 14, 2 19, 266, 267
Schlechter, Carl 7 1 , 128, 147, 1 50, 1 77, 1 89, 2 19, 229, 234, 265, 268
Schmidt, Paul Felix 160
Schmorl, Alfred 97-98
Schmuttermaier, Fr. 93
Schneider 92
Schonberg, Harold Charles 167
Schonmann 83
Schottlander, Arnold 195- 197
Schiill, Ludolph 1 25
Schulten, John William 1 3 1
Schultz, Donald 262

Schumer, Jacob 30
Schuster 1 79
Schuster, Theo 39
Schwartz 6 1
Schwarz, Adolf 260
Schwarz, Jacques 258
Schweiger, A. 3
Scott, Roland Henry Vaughan 244, 272
Sea air claims (Tarrasch) 1 88- 1 89
Searching for Bobby Fischer 226-227
Seckbach, Fern 250
Secret games 1 20
Seger, Yngve 33
Seguin, James DeBenneville 243
Seirawan, Yasser 35, 228, 229
Seitz, Jakob Adolf 149, 1 83- 1 84, 1 92, 2 19, 268
Selection from the Problems of the Era Problem Tournament, A 27 1
Seletsky, A.S. 1 8 5
Selman 50
Semeniuk, Alexander Andreevich 1 3
Sergeant, Edward Guthlac 1 55
Sergeant, Philip Walsingham 19, 1 08, 1 55 , 1 72, 1 8 5
Sevastyanov, Vitaly Ivanovich 224
777 "Miniatures in Three" 34
75 Years of Affection for Chess, A Tribute to Harlow B. Daly 67-68, 99
Seyboth, Hans 4
Shakhmatnaya igra 87
Shakhmatnoe Nasledie A.A.Aiekhina 1 88, 200
Shakhmatny Zhurnal 1 7 3
Shakhmaty 92
Shakhmaty v SSSR 26, 1 79, 1 85
Shamkovich, Leonid Alexandrovich 1 50
Sharp, Sydney T. 1 02
Sharpe, Michael 1 9
Shaw 262
Shaw, J.H. 48
Sherrard, Hugh William 1 86
Sherwin, James Terry 149
Shipley, Walter Penn 45, 1 12, 1 74
Shipley scrapbooks 45-49, 1 74
Short, David 104
Short, Nigel David 104, 1 4 1 , 1 54, 226, 228, 229, 264
Showalter, Jackson Whipps 49
Sicilian Defence 9 1 , 1 52, 260
General Index 337
Sicilian: Lasker-Pelikan 1 3
Siegbert Tarrasch Lehrmeister der Schachwelt 1 65
Silvestre, A. 82
Sims, C. 1 32
Simultaneous displays 237-238, 27 1
Single bishop mate 1 3- 14, 257
Sinnott, Robert 258
Skillcorn, W. 59
Skipworth, Arthur Bolland 86
Skoff, Frank Joseph 39-40
Smigielski, L. 1 0 1
Smith, Kenneth Ray 142
Smith, Magnus Magnusson 227
Smith, Theodore Weldon 1 26- 1 27
Smyslov, Vasily Vasilievich 1 22, 123, 1 42, 227, 240, 252, 27 1
Snow, Charles B. 203
Snyder, Robert M. 148
Social Chess 269
Social Chess Quarterly, The 2
Sohl, Jerry 14
Sokolov, Andrey Yurievich 1 4 1
Soldatenkov, V . 1 73- 1 76
Soltis, Andrew Eden 10, 50, 1 00, 1 04, 1 54, 1 89, 248, 259, 263, 268
Sortier, Norman 140
Soultanbeieff, Victor lvanovich 1 6- 17, 98
South African Chessplayer, The 105
Southard, Elmer Ernest 96, 97
Soviet Chess 158
Spalding, F .S.L. 54
Spanier, David 1 52, 2 1 7
Spassky, Boris Vasilievich 1 04, 105, 1 2 1 , 142, 149
Spectator, The 1 65 , 2 1 7, 2 1 8, 226, 229
Speed of play 1 34- 1 35
Speelman, Jonathan Simon 37, 140, 1 4 1 , 2 1 0, 265
Spence, Jack Lee 70, 1 22, 1 63, 220
Sphere 140
Spielmann, Rudolf 7, 68-69, 70, 7 1-72, 94, 1 56, 1 60, 1 82, 227, 230, 236, 237, 259
Squires, Michael 28, 1 78
SSKK Bulletinen 33, 34, 35
Stahlberg, Gideon 98, 1 04, 1 22, 259
Staker, Josef 2 1 9
Standard, The 87
Stanley, Charles Henry 100
Staudte, Rainer 23
Staunton, Howard vii, 86, 90, 95, 106, 1 09, 1 12, 1 14, 1 1 6, 120, 1 32- 133, 140, 147, 1 57,
1 59, 1 72, 193, 232, 233, 237, 245, 246, 256, 266, 27 1
Steiner, Endre (Andras) 1 5, 86, 1 5 1 , 1 53, 2 19, 257
Steiner, Herman 1 53
Steiner, Lajos 128, 1 5 1 , 153, 1 60, 193
Steinitz, Wilhelm (William) 56, 59, 9 1 , 92, 99, 1 0 1 , 1 04, 1 05, 1 10, 1 14, 1 1 5, 125, 144,
1 58, 190, 192, 20 1 , 202, 203, 204, 209, 228, 24 1 -243, 244, 263, 264, 266, 268, 272
Steinkohl, Ludwig Wilhelm 5 1 , 258
Stern, George 203, 252
Stevens, M.W. 29, 178
Stevenson, Rufus Henry Streatfeild 263
Stillman, L.S. 62
Stirling, H.M. 86
Stoppard, Tom 226
St Petersburg, 1909 258
Strassl, H. 69
Strategie, La 23, 95, 1 05, 1 1 1 , 1 15 , 1 87, 260
Street names with chess connections 1 05- 106, 262
Streeter, William F. 20 1 , 202
Suetin, Alexey Stepanovich 1 52
Suhle, Berthold 1 9 1 , 24 1
Suicide 1 1 8- 1 20, 263
Sumar, Julio 55
Summa Collationum 1 1 4
Sun (Indianapolis) 1 28- 1 29
.
Sunday Telegraph 2 1 6
Sunday Times 270
Sunnucks, Anne 76, 142, 143, 144
Super Clash, The 2 1 8
Supico, A . 199
Suttles, Duncan 104
Sweby, T.W. 1 85, 1 86
Swiderski, Rudolf 44, 45, 263
Sydenham, Colin Peter 2 1 1
Symmetry 3 1, 257-258
Synopsis of the Chess Openings 1 00, 1 0 1 , 1 1 6, 24 1
Szabo, Laszlo 227
Szekely, Jeno 4 1
Tab/as 22
Tactics of End-Games, The 19
Taft, James H. 1 77- 178, 268
Tag 188
Taimanov, Mark Evgenievich 1 52
Takacs, Sandor 1 20, 190
Tal, Mikhail Nekhemievich 8-9, 1 23, 142, 167, 232, 236, 240, 27 1
General Index 339
Tangborn, Eric K. 267

Tarrasch, Siegbert 45-46, 73-74, 86, 9 1 , 92, 1 0 1 , 1 1 1 , 1 1 5, 1 39, 145, 1 60, 165, 1 88- 189,
196, 200, 214, 228, 234, 235
Tarrasch Defence (Queen's Gambit Declined) 74, 1 0 1 , 1 50
Tarrasch's Best Games of Chess 74
Tarrasch's Schachzeitung 74
Tartakower, Savielly Grigorievich 9, 7 1 , 87, 88, 89, 97, 98, 1 27, 140, 1 5 1 , 1 53, 163,
1 72, 173, 183, 193, 2 19, 227, 228, 233, 239, 259, 260, 263, 268, 269
Tassinari, Edward 50, 9 1 , 92, 1 28, 1 34, 1 36, 1 52, 1 66, 1 67, 194
Tassinari, Girolamo 43-44
Taubenhaus, Jean 1 7 3- 1 76
Taylor, Frank H. 1 1 1 , 1 12
Taylor, John Odin Howard 1 29, 1 64
Teed, Frank Melville 273
'Teichman' 22-23
Teichmann, Richard 22-23, 7 1 , 9 1 , 1 1 5, 1 22, 146, 1 53
Temesvar, 1912 42
ten Geuzendam, Dirk Jan 270
Tennant-Smith, J. 1 1 3
Teoria e Prtitica do Gambito Budapeste 2 19
Teplitz-SchOnau, 1922 220
Termination of 1 984-85 World Championship match 22 1-225, 269-270
Teschner, Rudolf 2 1 5
Test of Time, The 256
Testa, Tom 10 1
Tevis, Walter 2 1 1 , 2 1 2, 225
Theorie und Praxis der Endspiele 19
Thivisol, Richard 57
Tholfsen, Erling 1 6
Thomas, Sir George Alan 1 09, 202, 205, 247, 269
Thomson, Florence Frankland 19-20
Thorold, Edmund 1 16
1000 Best Short Games of Chess, The 50, 1 02, 1 64, 1 9 1 , 200, 20 1 , 202
1234 Modern End-Game Studies 1 85
Tidskrift for Schack 259
Tietz, Victor 264
Tijdschrift van den Nederlandsch-Indischen Schaakbond 229, 27 1
Tilburg, 1981 1 17
Time 1 62
Times, The 109, 1 1 8, 1 30, 155, 1 66, 2 1 4, 2 1 7, 2 18, 229, 245, 272
Times Literary Supplement 30, 3 1
Timman, Jan Hendrik 209, 224
Timson, Paul 2, 1 09, 1 90
Tinsley, Edward Samuel 245, 272
Tinsley, Samuel 9 1 , 245, 272
Tisdall, Jonathan David 227, 265

Tollit, A.H. 269
Tolush, Alexander Kazimirovich 194, 195
Toran Albero, Roman 163
Torre Repetto, Carlos 29, 67, 125, 1 79, 257, 266, 268
Torre family 1 25
Total Chess 1 52
Touch and move 1 1 5- 1 16
Town & Country 239
Traube, H. 6 1
Treasury of British Chess Masterpieces, A 147
Treasury of Chess Lore, The 109
Trelford, Donald 220, 270
Trenchard, Herbert William 36
Troitzky, A1exey A1exeevich 60
Troy Times 264
Tschepurnoff, Anatol Aleksievits 1 47
Tunney, Gene 1 8 1
Turnbull, William Peveril 96
Turner, Abe 1 26- 1 27
Turton theme 5
Tvorcheskoe Nasledie M.l. Chigorina 94
Twenty Years of the Rice Gambit 1 1 1
200 Miniature Games of Chess 1 79, 1 9 1
2 f4 Sicilian, The 1 52
Uedemann, Louis 48, 169

Ulvaeus, Bjorn 2 1 2
Underhanded Chess 14
Unknown Alekhine 1905-1914, The 147
Unknown Capablanca, The 7
Unlimited Challenge 270
Unzicker, Wolfgang 1 15
U.S. Chess Championship, 1845-1985, The 100
Vaisey, Justice 1 09
Vajda, Arpad 147, 1 53
Valladares, Miguel 59
'Valladares Opening' 59
Valois, Paul Stedman 126- 127
van den Berg, Carel Benjamin 182
van den Bosch, Johannes Hendrik Otto 107
van der Linde, Antonius 198
van der Sterren, Paul 183
van de Weijer, Jeroen 88-89
General Index 341
van Doesburgh, G. 262

van Donk, H.J. 1 79
van Fondern, Manfred 58, 258
van Niiss, Alfred 69
van Scheltinga, Tjeerd Daniel 107
van Vliet, Louis 49
Vasconcellos, Fernando de Almeida 2 1 9
Vazquez, Andres Clemente 52-53, 76
Verbak, E. 5 1
Verhoeven, Rob 50, 87, 100- 1 0 1 , 1 16, 163, 1 89, 197, 229, 263
Verkhovsky (Verjovsky), L. 22, 23
Vicent, Francesch 198
Victorian Era, The 264
Vidmar, Milan 1 60, 257
Vienna, 1890 92
Vienna, 1922 108
Viesca, Andres Ludovico 52-53
Vilela, Jose Luis 20
Vo/ksblatt 1 10
von Bardeleben, Curt 8, 195, 263
von Ehlert, H . 38
von Gottschall, Hermann 28, 67, 94, 1 9 1
von Heydebrand und der Lasa, Tassilo 40, 74, 75
von Holzhausen, Baron Walther 200
von Scheve, Theodor 53, 92, 195
von Zehn, Count 46
Wade, Robert Graham 1 5 5 , 1 58, 258

Wagner, Richard 1 1 3
Wainwright, George Edward 1 29
Waitzkin, Fred 226-227
Waitzkin, Joshua Abraham 226-227
Walbrodt, Carl August 1 1 1 , 1 88, 26 1
Waldstein, L. 260
Walker, George 1 16, 232
Walker, John N. 264
Wallace, William 264
Wallace Murder Case 264
Waller, V.W.H. 1 98
Wallis, Edward 34
Wails, Leonard 2
Warburton, Charles W. 94
Ware, Preston 9 1 , 203, 204
Warren 50
Warriors of the Mind 227-230
Watts, William Henry 104, 107, 1 85, 192, 273

W.A. Whyatt's Chess Problems 263
Way It Was: 1876, The 1 34
Wayte, William 1 16, 1 29
Weg zur Meisterschaft, Der 269
Weinstein, Raymond Allen 1 26, 127
Weinstein, Samuil Osipovich 205
Weissman, Stephen 192
Welling, Jules 2 1 7
Welt, Die 180, 1 8 1
Weltgeschichte des Schachs: Tal 9
Wenman, [Francis] Percival 148, 19 1 , 1 99, 269
Western Morning News 54
Whatmough, Granville 28
White, John Herbert 7
White Pawn in Europe, A 108
Whitworth, Timothy George 21, 58
Who's Who 1 1 8, 1 29
Who Was Who 264
Who Was Who in America 146
Whyatt, William Alfred 263
Whyld, Kenneth 19, 23, 1 2 1 , 158, 1 62, 173, 176, 179, 1 8 1 , 1 84, 188, 1 89, 195, 200, 2 1 1 ,
256
Wiener Schachzeitung 3, 5, 7, 9, 10, 36-38, 39, 40, 73, 79-80, 89, 93, 98, 1 16, 193, 2 19,
258, 260
Wight, William Dundas 30
Wiker, Bo 34
William Steinitz, Chess Champion 264
Williams, Philip Hamilton 30
Wilson, Fred 266
Winawer, Szymon Abramowicz 39, 43, 92
Winawer Defence 92
Winning Endgames 140
Winslade, Mike 199
Winter, William 1 6, 98, 1 07, 1 24- 125, 1 26, 140, 146, 1 6 1 , 244-245
With the Chess Masters 160, 265
Wolf, Heinrich 1 20
Wolf, Siegfried Reginald 89
Wolfers, A. 1 28
Women, Chess and 1 34, 264, 269
Wonders and Curiosities of Chess 3, 50, 94, 1 1 5, 1 2 1 , 1 34, 164, 1 86, 200, 264
Wood, Baruch Harold 1 06, 109, 1 32, 1 56, 2 1 0, 270
Woolf, George William 53, 54
Woolverton, Harry 1 20
World Book Encyclopedia 1 67
General Index 343
World Book Year Book (1962) 1 67

World-Championship Match, The (Euwe v Alekhine) 238
World Chess Champions 1 08 , 262
World Chess Championship: A History, The 1 50, 1 70, 266
World Chess Championship 1948, The 229
World Chess Championship: Steinitz to Alekhine, The 267
World of Chess, The 86
World's Championship Chess Match Played at Havana, The 1 87
World's Great Chess Games, The 67, 1 65, 202, 237
World tour, Earliest 1 24
Wouters 1 1 5
Wren, Fred Montelle 1 09
Yanofs ky, Daniel Abraham (Abe) 1 22

Yates, Frederick Dewhurst 95, 98, 1 04, 1 18- 1 19, 1 26, 149, 1 56, 244, 245
Year-Book of Chess, 191 1, The 1 7 7
Year-Book of Chess, 1912, The 265
Year-Book of Chess, 1914, The 29, 1 78 , 1 79
Yorkshire Observer Budget 1 12
Young, Franklin Knowles 203-205, 247
Youngest chess writers 108
Young Lady's Book, The 1 34
Yudovich, Mikhail Mikhailovich 1 52, 1 53
Yusupov, Artur Maiakovich 1 4 1 , 228
Zabludovsky 6 1
Zacharov, Yuri 58, 258
Zazludovsky 6 1
Zhelnin, Vladimir Victorovich 1 3
Zhukhovitsky 23
Zinkl, Adolf Julius Leopold 89
Zita, Frantisek 43
Znosko-Borovsky, Eugene Alexandrovich 143, 147, 260
Zugzwang 1 6
Zukertort Johannes Hermann 67, 99, 1 00, 1 34, 203, 204, 24 1 , 244, 256, 260
Zukierman, Josef 1 19, 1 46, 265
Zurich, 1934 239
Zutter, Fran�ois 258
20 Partien Capablanca's 1 9 1
Zytogorski, Adolf 1 37, 220
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Book List 275

An ending from actual play?

consequences having been seen.'

D.Benedek (blindfold}-A.Schweiger, Pecska, 1 January 1905.

Two queens down

As noted on page 50 of Chernev's Wonders and Curiosities of Chess, N.M.MacLeod

57 ... @al+ (There is a mate in two with 57 . . . @b 1 , 57 . . . 1Wh 1 or 57 . . . \Wg7.) 58

King and queen stalemated

An unusual finish occurred in the consultation game H.Seyboth and M.Chigorin v

From Michael McDowell:

Capa misses mate in three

Instead of 51 lt:\e5+ as played, it is mate in three with 5 1 lt:\h6+. (628)

Here is another finish from a quick game. Krejcik was White:

Missed mate in one

Two Janowsky finishes

'The consternation of Keene can well be imagined when Janowsky forced a

Janowsky-N.N., Manhattan Chess Club, New York, July 1 9 1 7 . White wound up

Single bishop mate

The following position is given on page 42 of La Revista de Ajedrez (Havana) of

A forgotten example of a double Marshall Swindle which, however, is unsuccessful. It

4 1 . . . tbh7. Judge Labatt played 41 Itld7 and Marshall resigned. (1291)

What went wrong?

A curiosity is the ending of Soultanbeieffs game against William Winter (Black) at

Not the real finish

Alekhine's second volume of best games contains a brilliancy v 'S.Freeman' played

Solution: 1 't!Va8. The composition was also given on page 3 1 1 of issue 1 0 of

A strange queen ending

White (Neumann) defeated an unnamed opponent with 1 1We4 'iVxgS+ 2 �6 'and

From Ken Whyld:

A position published on page 27 of volume 3 of Comprehensive Chess Endings by

'A game in the Women's Championship came down to the diagrammed

Mattison's Chess Endgame Studies by T.G. Whitworth (published by the BCM) is a

Latvis, 1924. White to move and draw.

Solution: 1 c6 h3 2 c7 Itc2 (or Itg8) 3 c8=1f Itxc8 4 �g3 h2 5 i.d2+ �b3 6 �2

From Ken Whyld:

Rene Olthof writes:

From Jack O'Keefe:

1 h8=11 'fl.xh8 2 i.d5 'fl.h2 3 j.g2 Drawn.

The following position appears on page 1 7 of the June 1988 Europa-Rochade:

'Capablanca v N.N., Simultaneous Exhibition'. No date is given. White won by

An interesting bishop v knight ending appeared with analysis by Alekhine on page 1 1 7

an account by Romanovsky in Shakhmaty v SSSR 1959 No. 6 of a simultaneous display

From Rene Olthof:

He never won anything

Multiple queen sacrifices

P.A.MacMahon-J.Schumer, Occasion ? Danish Gambit.

20 'fi'xh7+ � 21 '@'hS+ 'lte7 22 WeS+ 'ltxd6 23 ll:Jf5+ ll:Jxf5 24 lid1 + lid3 25

10 ... �xd5 11 i.xd8 �f4 12 0-0 llaxd8 13 c3 �xf3+ 14 gxf3 i.h3 15 a4 d5

Sacrifices on an empty square

As C.H.O'D.Alexander pointed out in The Penguin Book of Chess Positions, page 1 7,

B.Wiker-K.Sandehn, Lag-SM, 1982. French Defence.

More fine chess