EXPERT SYSTEMS

Bachelor of Technology
Computer Science and Engineering

Submitted By

NAME: Sonali Gupta

(ROLL NUMBER)-13000117146

September 2019

Techno India
EM-4/1, Sector-V, Salt Lake
Kolkata- 700091
West Bengal
India
CONTENTS
1. Introduction
Components of ES
2. Methodology
3. Current Study
Research Aspects of Expert System
4. Application of ES
5. Conclusion
6. Reference
INTRODUCTION
Expert systems ES are one of the prominent research domains of AI. It is introduced by the researchers at
Stanford University, Computer Science Department. The expert systems are the computer applications
developed to solve complex problems in a particular domain, at the level of extra-ordinary human
intelligence and expertise.

An Expert System is defined as an interactive and reliable computer-based decision-making system which
uses both facts and heuristics to solve complex decision-making problems. It is considered at the highest
level of human intelligence and expertise. It is a computer application which solves the most complex issues
in a specific domain.The expert system can resolve many issues which generally would require a human
expert. It is based on knowledge acquired from an expert. It is also capable of expressing and reasoning
about some domain of knowledge. Expert systems were the predecessor of the current day artificial
intelligence, deep learning and machine learning systems.

Components of the expert system

The components of ES include –

 Knowledge Base
 Interface Engine
 User Interface
METHODOLOGY
The process of ES development is iterative. Steps in developing the ES include −

Identify Problem Domain

The problem must be suitable for an expert system to solve it. Find
the experts in task domain for the ES project.
Establish cost-effectiveness of the system.

Design the System

Identify the ES Technology

Know and establish the degree of integration with the other systems and databases.
Realize how the concepts can represent the domain knowledge best.

Develop the Prototype

From Knowledge Base: The knowledge engineer works to − Acquire

domain knowledge from the expert.
Represent it in the form of If-THEN-ELSE rules.

Test and Refine the Prototype

The knowledge engineer uses sample cases to test the prototype for any deficiencies in
performance.
End users test the prototypes of the ES.

Develop and Complete the ES

o Test and ensure the interaction of the ES with all elements of its environment, including
end users, databases, and other information systems.

o Document the ES project well.Train the user to use ES.

o Maintain the ES

o Keep the knowledge base up-to-date by regular review and update.

o Cater for new interfaces with other information systems, as those systems evolve.
CURRENT STUDY
Research Aspects of Expert System
Distributed Robotics In China, recently people use Distributed Robotics to transfer weather condition from
one region to other. As this is distributed robotics system, so they use multiple robots. These robots are
trained by experts. One robot learned from environment. Second robot learned from the first robot using
various ES techniques. The time for the objective to be completed is measured a teach observation. Three
trails of such robots have been made successful.

Business Structure with ES Japan and Australia plan to use expert system because without expert system
they have to face many problems, such as:
–Slow Decision
–High cost of equipments
–High cost in hiring of locals and other Japanese
–Cultural integration with local employees to work in a flawless way
–In Building the next set of large, deep relationships-means improve customer relationship.

High Performance Computing Research Center This center is currently developing Expert systems that
are able to access intramuscular fat in cows and pigs. Amount of fat depends on breed, food, placement of
the animals, weather, and many other factors. Animal scientists know what they want, but they cannot find
the correlation between these factors. So, developing the neural network, or fuzzy logic or expert system to
guide decision during the raising of the animals will help to achieve the quality and cut down cost. This
institute also currently start to develop a Knowledge Base that Support Detection and Diagnosis and do
Research in Mammography. This will be done by using Expert system, neural network that will firstly do
identification and modeling and then will consider other various factors together with mammogram results
to give accurate result and helps us in making decision.

Future Work Research is being going on to developing such an expert system, who can understand
emotions of people, can create new innovations itself and can judge intelligence of person. And system that
must be able to understand from environment and to make such an expert system those are able to maintain
itself and able to update itself. Today's expert systems deal with domains of narrow specialization. For
expert systems to perform competently over a broad range of tasks, they will have to be given very much
more knowledge. The next generation of expert systems will require large knowledge bases. And research is
being going on it
THE APPLICATIONS OF EXPERT SYSTEMS
The spectrum of applications of expert systems technology to industrial and commercial problems is so wide
as to defy easy characterization. The applications find their way into most areas of knowledge work. They
are as varied as helping salespersons sell modular factory-built homes to helping NASA plan the
maintenance of a space shuttle in preparation for its next flight.

Applications tend to cluster into seven major classes.

Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Devices and Systems of All Kinds

This class comprises systems that deduce faults and suggest corrective actions for a malfunctioning device
or process. Medical diagnosis was one of the first knowledge areas to which ES technology was applied (for
example, see Shortliffe 1976), but diagnosis of engineered systems quickly surpassed medical diagnosis.
There are probably more diagnostic applications of ES than any other type.

Planning and Scheduling

Systems that fall into this class analyze a set of one or more potentially complex and interacting goals in
order to determine a set of actions to achieve those goals, and/or provide a detailed temporal ordering of
those actions, taking into account personnel, materiel, and other constraints. This class has great commercial
potential, which has been recognized. Examples involve airline scheduling of flights, personnel, and gates;
manufacturing job-shop scheduling; and manufacturing process planning.

Configuration of Manufactured Objects from Subassemblies

Configuration, whereby a solution to a problem is synthesized from a given set of elements related by a set
of constraints, is historically one of the most important of expert system applications. Configuration
applications were pioneered by computer companies as a means of facilitating the manufacture of semi-
custom minicomputers (McDermott 1981).

Financial Decision Making

The financial services industry has been a vigorous user of expert system techniques. Advisory programs
have been created to assist bankers in determining whether to make loans to businesses and individuals.
Insurance companies have used expert systems to assess the risk presented by the customer and to determine
a price for the insurance. A typical application in the financial markets is in foreign exchange trading.

Knowledge Publishing

This is a relatively new, but also potentially explosive area. The primary function of the expert system is to
deliver knowledge that is relevant to the user's problem, in the context of the user's problem. The two most
widely distributed expert systems in the world are in this category.

Process Monitoring and Control

Systems falling in this class analyze real-time data from physical devices with the goal of noticing
anomalies, predicting trends, and controlling for both optimality and failure correction. Examples of real-
time systems that actively monitor processes can be found in the steel making and oil refining industries.

Design and Manufacturing

These systems assist in the design of physical devices and processes, ranging from high-level conceptual
design of abstract entities all the way to factory floor configuration of manufacturing processes.
CONCLUSION
Expert systems or knowledge based systems are used to represent and process in a format that is suitable
for computers but still understandable by humans.ES can be cheaper, faster, more accessible, and more
reliable than humans Intelligence. A large number of expert systems are in real use and quite a few even
being sold for individual use. In the future one is likely to see more expert systems packaged with domain
knowledge being sold. Further, these systems are also likely to carry out specialized tasks as parts of much
larger software systems. With ES productivity and relationship with the customer increases which is a
main principle of business.ES agents teach the student in same way as a teacher teaches to them

REFERENCES
[1] Tutorials point, Expert System AI
[2] wtec.org/loyola/kb/c1_s2.htm
[3] expertsystem.com
[4] New research on expert systems, B. G. Buchanan, Computer Science Department, Stanford University,
USA