Discovering Knowledge

CSC-210
Object-Oriented Programming

Lecturer
Sameena Javaid

https://sites.google.com/site/sameenajavaidcs

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 Discovering Knowledge

THREADS

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 Discovering Knowledge

Thread
• A thread is a part of execution in a program.

• The Java Virtual Machine allows an application

to have multiple threads of execution running
concurrently.

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 Discovering Knowledge

Computer
Playing Music
Other Video Player
Tasks

My Super Browse
Computer Internet
NotePad

Downloading Playing
Files Game

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 Discovering Knowledge

Music Player
Playing Managing
Songs Playlists

Music
Player
Downloading Accessing
Updates Internet

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 Discovering Knowledge

Why do we use threads?

• Thread is a light weight
process as it shares the
same memory and the
resources of the
process in which it is
created.

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Thread – Life Cycle

New

Program starts
thread
Unlock signal Thread
completes task

Waiting Runnable Terminated

Await lock

Await sleep Interval express

Timed Waiting

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Thread – Methods

New Blocked

t.sleep(),
t.start() t.wait()

Run method
ends
Ready t.run() Running Terminated

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Thread Priorities
• When multiple threads are running the order of
execution of threads depend on priority given to
thread.
• Priority values ranges from 1 to 10.(default-5).
• setPriority(int priority) – method to set priority.

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Creation of threads in multiple ways

Threads can be created in two ways.

• Implementing Runnable interface.
• Extending Thread class

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Implementing Runnable Interface

public class ThreadClass implements Runnable {
public void run() {
System.out.println("Hello from a thread!");
}
}
public class Main{
public static void main(String[] args) {
ThreadClass obj = new ThreadClass(); //object of class ThreadClass
Thread thread_runnable = new Thread(obj);
thread_runnable.start();
}
}

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Extending Thread Class

public class ThreadClass extends Thread {
public void run() {
System.out.println("Hello from a thread!");
}
}
public class Main{
public static void main(String args[]) {
ThreadClass obj = new ThreadClass(); //object of ThreadClass
Thread thread_extend = new Thread(obj);
thread_extend.start();
}
}

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 Discovering Knowledge

Thread Class methods

• void start()
• int getPriority()
• void setPriority(int newpriority) • void run()

• void sleep(long millis) • void wait()

• void join(long millis) • void notify()
• void notifyAll()
• Thread currentThread()
• Thread getState()
• void stop()
• void setName(String name) • void yield()
• String getState()

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Multithreading
• When two or more threads are running in a
process simultaneously then it is called
Multithreading.

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Multithreading
public class One extends Thread{
Example
public void run()
{
System.out.println("This is first thread");
}
}

public class Second extends Thread{

public void run()
{
System.out.println("This is second thread");
}
}

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Multithreading Example
public class Main extends Thread{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Thread thread1 = new Thread(new One());
Thread thread2 = new Thread(new Second());

thread1.start();
thread2.start();
}
}

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Synchronization
• The process of making only one thread access
the object when two or more threads are
accessing the same object is called
Synchronization.
• Keyword - ‘synchronized’.

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How to synchronize the object?

synchronized(object) Synchronized
{
//Statements block
}

synchronized returntype methodname()

Synchronized {
method //Statements
}

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Inter-Thread Communication
• The process of communication between multiple threads
is called Inter-thread communication.

• In this process of communication when one thread is

executing the other thread will wait for the thread to be
executed.

• The methods used for communication are:

wait()
notify()
notifyAll()

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Deadlock
Object
• Deadlock is a situation in 1
which a thread has got an waiting
object and waiting for an
object locked by another
thread which is waiting for
Thread2
the object locked by first Thread1
thread.

waiting
Object
2

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Deadlock Example
• Player1 has got a bat to play and waiting for a
ball.
• Player2 has got a ball to play and waiting for a
bat.
• Both are waiting for the resource which are
held by the other player. This leads to
deadlock.

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