source : http://www.aber.ac.uk/careers/modules/presentation/page_24.

htm

Presentation Skills
Table of Contents Learning Outcomes

A. Introduction By the end of this module you should:

1. Learning
Outcomes  know how to create a well structured presentation

2. Learning how  be aware of areas of bad practice in delivery that you

to be a good know to avoid

presenter  have a clear idea as to what to aim for in your own

B. Creating your delivery

presentation  know how to go about improving your performance

1. Team skills, by effective use of non verbal communication

Presentations and voice.

2. Focus
3. Structuring
your presentation
4. Bad habits -
What have you
experienced?
C. Presentation is
Performance
1. Impact
2. Body
Language
3. Posture
4. Making the
connection
5. Start and
finish
D. Developing vocal
technique
1. Resonance
2. Tongue
Twisters
3. Warm ups -
Physical
4. Warm ups -
Vocal
 5. Bad habits -
What have you
experienced?
E. Adding Polish
1. Ideas for
adding variety and
sparkle
2. PowerPoint
3. Summary of
Top Tips
F. Completion
1. Summary
2. Useful
resources
G. What Next?

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Presentation Skills
Table of Contents Learning how to be a good presenter

A. Introduction You can learn to become an effective presenter by

1. Learning following some simple guidelines, understanding the no
Outcomes no's, and putting into practice the tips given here, then
2. Learning how to preparing effectively and practising!
be a good presenter
B. Creating your The following pages will take through the process of

presentation preparing, planning, rehearsing and delivering your

1. Team presentation, step by step. There are some practical

Presentations exercises to help you develop an authoritative, well

2. Focus modulated speaking voice and a couple of quizzes to

3. Structuring your get you thinking about your own knowledge and

presentation understanding about what makes a good presentation.

4. Bad habits - What By the end of this lesson you should be equipped to
have you experienced? start to improve your presentation skills.
C. Presentation is
 Performance The essential element of Coping with nerves is covered
1. Impact in a separate module in this series. Click on the link to
2. Body Language work your way through this additional module, which will
3. Posture also help you make effective presentations.
4. Making the
connection
5. Start and finish
D. Developing vocal
technique
1. Resonance
2. Tongue Twisters
3. Warm ups -
Physical
4. Warm ups - Vocal
5. Bad habits - What
have you experienced?
E. Adding Polish
1. Ideas for adding
variety and sparkle
2. PowerPoint
3. Summary of Top
Tips
F. Completion
1. Summary
2. Useful resources
G. What Next?

Created by the Careers Advisory Service, Aberystwyth University

Presentation Skills
Table of Contents Team Presentations

A. Introduction If you are giving a group presentation, now is the time to

1. Learning decide who is going to be the key presenter. It is a
Outcomes good idea to think about how a TV presenter works,
2. Learning how to where they have to introduce a topic then bring in
 be a good presenter appropriate speakers in turn, and provide a cogent
B. Creating your summary at the end.
presentation
1. Team You will also need to decide who is going to be
Presentations responsible for which section of the presentation. It is a
2. Focus good idea to set up a timing schedule for completion of
3. Structuring your the various sections of the presentation and rehearsals.
presentation
4. Bad habits - What
have you experienced?
C. Presentation is
Performance
1. Impact
2. Body Language
3. Posture
4. Making the
connection
5. Start and finish
D. Developing vocal
technique
1. Resonance
2. Tongue Twisters
3. Warm ups -
Physical
4. Warm ups - Vocal
5. Bad habits - What
have you experienced?
E. Adding Polish
1. Ideas for adding
variety and sparkle
2. PowerPoint
3. Summary of Top
Tips
F. Completion
1. Summary
2. Useful resources
G. What Next?

Created by the Careers Advisory Service, Aberystwyth University

Presentation Skills
Table of Contents Focus

A. Introduction Before you start to design your presentation, it is crucial

1. Learning to focus on your audience and your purpose.
Outcomes
2. Learning how to What is the point?

be a good presenter
What are you trying to do exactly?
B. Creating your
presentation
What outcomes do you expect?
1. Team
Presentations And at what level should it be pitched? Too high or too
2. Focus low and you will lose the audience immediately.
3. Structuring your
presentation You need to be absolutely clear about the key points
4. Bad habits - What you want to get over and all your material should be
have you experienced? focused on supporting these. Extraneous information,
C. Presentation is even if it is fascinating, should be left out if it is not
Performance relevant.
1. Impact
Next, decide what type of presentation it is to be
2. Body Language
3. Posture
Factual
4. Making the
connection
Persuasive
5. Start and finish
D. Developing vocal Descriptive
technique
1. Resonance Explanatory
2. Tongue Twisters
3. Warm ups - Rhetorical

Physical
Argument
4. Warm ups - Vocal
5. Bad habits - What
Other?
have you experienced?
E. Adding Polish Finally, decide on the tone of your presentation
1. Ideas for adding
variety and sparkle For example, serious, light hearted, emotional,
2. PowerPoint argumentative, humorous, ironic, polemical and so on.
 3. Summary of Top Whichever one you choose, it is good to add a little
Tips variety of tone here and there.
F. Completion
1. Summary For example, even in a predominantly serious
2. Useful resources presentation, a little wit or humour wouldn't go amiss.
G. What Next? Self conscious attempts at humour, however, can be
embarrassing, so only try to raise a smile if you can do
it confidently.

Created by the Careers Advisory Service, Aberystwyth University

Presentation Skills
Table of Contents Structuring your presentation

A. Introduction Tell them what you are going to tell them

1. Learning Outcomes
2. Learning how to be Tell them

a good presenter
Tell them what you told them
B. Creating your presentation
1. Team Presentations
Although rather over simplified, this basic advice may
2. Focus
help you remember to structure your presentation
3. Structuring your
clearly.
presentation
4. Bad habits - What You must tell the audience what they are in for and
have you experienced? what you are going to try to do.
C. Presentation is
Performance It is a good idea if the main body of your presentation
1. Impact is divided into bite size 'chunks'. This means you can
2. Body Language signpost these 'chunks' in the introduction. Don't try to
3. Posture include too much. The rule of three is often claimed to
4. Making the be most effective. Each of the three key points can be
connection expanded upon with subsidiary elements.
5. Start and finish
D. Developing vocal Keep everything relevant and to the point.
technique
1. Resonance Finally sum up the key points or arguments succinctly,

2. Tongue Twisters and make sure your presentation has a clear end.
 3. Warm ups -
Physical
4. Warm ups - Vocal
5. Bad habits - What
have you experienced?
E. Adding Polish
1. Ideas for adding
variety and sparkle
2. PowerPoint
3. Summary of Top
Tips
F. Completion
1. Summary
2. Useful resources
G. What Next?

Created by the Careers Advisory Service, Aberystwyth University

Presentation Skills
Table of Contents Bad habits - What have you experienced?

A. Introduction
1 Focusing only on the CONTENT
1. Learning
(not delivery) of presentations,
Outcomes
from your experience, which of
2. Learning how to
the following examples of bad
be a good presenter
practice annoys you the most?
B. Creating your
presentation
a) Poorly structured and hard to
1. Team
follow
Presentations
2. Focus
b) Too much information
3. Structuring your
presentation
4. Bad habits - c) Aimed at wrong level for

What have you audience

experienced?
 C. Presentation is
d) Tone
Performance
inappropriate/boring/patronising
1. Impact
2. Body Language
e) Aim not clearly spelt out
3. Posture
4. Making the
connection f) No summary or conclusion

5. Start and finish

D. Developing vocal
technique
1. Resonance
2. Tongue Twisters
3. Warm ups -
Physical
4. Warm ups - Vocal
5. Bad habits - What
have you experienced?
E. Adding Polish
1. Ideas for adding
variety and sparkle
2. PowerPoint
3. Summary of Top
Tips
F. Completion
1. Summary
2. Useful resources
G. What Next?

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Presentation Skills
Table of Contents Impact

A. Introduction In a presentation the impact a presenter makes on the audience is -

1. Learnin
g Outcomes  55% visual
 2. Learnin  38% vocal
g how to be a  7% verbal
good
presenter So you have to get the performance aspect right. If you don't look
B. Creating your and sound right, the audience won't hear you!
presentation
1. Team
Presentations
2. Focus
3. Structu
ring your
presentation
4. Bad
habits - What
have you
experienced?
C. Presentation
is Performance
1. Impac
t
2. Body
Language
3. Postur
e
4. Making
Original illustration by Vera Carbin Aberystwyth University School of
the
Art
connection
5. Start
and finish
D. Developing
vocal technique
1. Resona
nce
2. Tongue
Twisters
3. Warm
ups - Physical
4. Warm
ups - Vocal
5. Bad
habits - What
 have you
experienced?
E. Adding Polish
1. Ideas
for adding
variety and
sparkle
2. PowerP
oint
3. Summ
ary of Top
Tips
F. Completion
1. Summ
ary
2. Useful
resources
G. What Next?

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Presentation Skills
Table of Contents Body Language

A. Introduction From the moment you take up your position, long before you
1. Learning begin to speak, you are transmitting obvious and complex
Outcomes messages. Just like dogs can smell fear, people can 'catch'
2. Learning anxiety, shyness, embarrassment and so on. We humans are
how to be a good a surprisingly empathetic bunch and are very good at reading
presenter facial expressions and movements of the body and knowing
B. Creating your how someone is feeling - their mood, state of mind.
presentation
1. Team So what can you do? You are genuinely feeling many of these

Presentations anxious feelings perhaps, so how do you minimise these

2. Focus negative messages?

3. Structuring
 your presentation Tip. Look at the 'Coping with Nerves' lesson, if you have
4. Bad habits - not already done so. This will help you to mentally
What have you prepare yourself before you go on. In fact, it is a kind of
experienced? meditation
C. Presentation is
Performance
1. Impact
2. Body
Language
3. Posture
4. Making the
connection
5. Start and
finish
D. Developing vocal
technique
1. Resonance
2. Tongue
Twisters
3. Warm ups -
Physical
Original illustration by Vera Carbin, Aberystwyth University
4. Warm ups -
School of Art
Vocal
5. Bad habits -
What have you
experienced?
E. Adding Polish
1. Ideas for
adding variety and
sparkle
2. PowerPoint
3. Summary of
Top Tips
F. Completion
1. Summary
2. Useful
resources
G. What Next?
 Created by the Careers Advisory Service, Aberystwyth University

Presentation Skills
Table of Contents Posture

A. Introduction Using the detailed guidance in 'Coping with nerves',

1. Learning make sure you adopt a confident posture when you are
Outcomes about to begin your presentation. You need to be
2. Learning how to standing tall, shoulders down, chest open from the
be a good presenter moment you get into position until you finish.
B. Creating your Deliberately make yourself big, not small.
presentation
1. Team Stretch up through your spine and neck and make

Presentations yourself as tall and straight as possible. This will have

2. Focus the effect of lifting your chin slightly. This position opens

3. Structuring your up your chest and neck and also helps your vocal

presentation resonance. Do not stoop, and make sure your head is

4. Bad habits - What not tipped to one side.

have you experienced? Covering the body
C. Presentation is
Performance When people are nervous it is a natural reaction to
1. Impact cover the vital organs! This is a self protective measure
2. Body Language that goes with the 'fight or flight' instinct that comes
3. Posture along with the adrenaline rush. Some may hug a bag, a
4. Making the folder or papers, cross their arms or hide behind a
connection lectern or desk. These sorts of actions send out a
5. Start and finish strong message that the person is feeling nervous. Try
D. Developing vocal to present an open front if you can.
technique
Touching the body
1. Resonance
2. Tongue Twisters
Funny as it may sound, when we are anxious we are
3. Warm ups -
prone to touching ourselves - in effect, we are giving
Physical
ourselves a little hug. It is very comforting, for example,
4. Warm ups - Vocal
to stroke one upper arm with the other hand, to stroke a
5. Bad habits - What
cheek or chin, cover the mouth, pull an ear, twiddle with
have you experienced?
a lock of hair and so on. All of us have particular
E. Adding Polish
physical tics, which may become exaggerated when we
1. Ideas for adding
 variety and sparkle are nervous. Ask someone who knows you well what
2. PowerPoint your physical tics or habits are. If you are aware of them
3. Summary of Top you will be able to fight the urge to do them when
Tips speaking in public.
F. Completion
1. Summary
2. Useful resources
G. What Next?

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Presentation Skills
Table of Contents Making the connection

A. Introduction There is a simple sounding technique which can help you

1. Learning make an impact when giving a presentation. You need to
Outcomes connect with your audience before you start to speak. To do
2. Learning how this, first follow the guidance above and then when you are
to be a good in position, be perfectly still and silent for a little while and
presenter make eye contact with the audience and smile. Take your
B. Creating your time. Do not begin until you feel you have their full attention
presentation and start slow. You will have the urge to start immediately
1. Team and race off at a rate of knots. If can curb this desire and
Presentations start in stillness and silence it will really help you to impress
2. Focus your audience.
3. Structuring
your presentation Maintaining eye contact with the audience thereafter is also

4. Bad habits - really important. Don't just look at the people in the front row

What have you left, and on no account look at the clock on the back wall

experienced? (advice I was given once while at school). You must try to

C. Presentation is include the whole audience in your circle of attention.

Performance Gesture and energy

1. Impact
2. Body There is nothing worse than a speaker who appears not to
Language be interested in their subject. Do not be afraid to use
3. Posture movement and gesture in your presentation, to
 4. Making the communicate your passion for the subject. Standing still as
connection a stone is not a way to transmit enthusiasm. Of course,
5. Start and there is a balance in all things, but in general there are far
finish fewer people who use too much movement and gesture,
D. Developing vocal than those who use too little. You may feel a little self
technique conscious at first, but give it a try.
1. Resonance
2. Tongue
Twisters
3. Warm ups -
Physical
4. Warm ups -
Vocal
5. Bad habits -
What have you
experienced?
E. Adding Polish
1. Ideas for
adding variety and
sparkle
2. PowerPoint
3. Summary of
Original illustration by Vera Carbin, Aberystwyth University
Top Tips
School of Art
F. Completion
1. Summary
2. Useful
resources
G. What Next?

Created by the Careers Advisory Service, Aberystwyth University

Presentation Skills
Table of Contents Start and finish

A. Introduction As we have already said, being still and silent at the

1. Learning start is really effective. After that, greet the audience;
 Outcomes introduce yourself and your topic. Pause again. Then
2. Learning how to you can begin.
be a good presenter
B. Creating your Finish on time and make sure the audience know you
presentation have finished. As we have already suggested, you will
1. Team end up with a summary of the points you were trying to
Presentations make.
2. Focus
After that, thank people for listening, so they know you
3. Structuring your
have finished.
presentation
4. Bad habits - What
You may decide to ask if there are any questions at this
have you experienced?
point. If there are, deal with them and when everyone is
C. Presentation is
done, once again thank them for listening and stay
Performance
there for a little while for applause perhaps. Try to resist
1. Impact
the temptation to rush off immediately. It is good
2. Body Language
manners to acknowledge your audience at the end.
3. Posture
4. Making the
connection
5. Start and finish
D. Developing vocal
technique
1. Resonance
2. Tongue Twisters
3. Warm ups -
Physical
4. Warm ups - Vocal
5. Bad habits - What
have you experienced?
E. Adding Polish
1. Ideas for adding
variety and sparkle
2. PowerPoint
3. Summary of Top
Tips
F. Completion
1. Summary
2. Useful resources
G. What Next?
 Created by the Careers Advisory Service, Aberystwyth University

Presentation Skills
Table of Contents Resonance

A. Introduction Vocal quality is dependent on resonance. The lovely rich

1. Learning quality in the best voices comes from the sound waves
Outcomes resonating in different parts of the body, predominantly the
2. Learning how chest, the mouth and nasal cavities and all the spaces in
to be a good the face. So the voice doesn't just come from the throat.
presenter The deeper notes tend to resonate in the chest and have a
B. Creating your lovely rich, dark brown, velvety quality. Higher notes,
presentation silvery, bell like and clear as crystal resonate in the cavities
1. Team of the head
Presentations
2. Focus Resonance is just as important for the speaking voice as

3. Structuring for the singing voice. The best exercise for improving

your presentation resonance and getting to know your own voice is

4. Bad habits -
UNGHH AWWW
What have you
experienced?
Taking a deep breath low into your abdomen choose a
C. Presentation is
note and intone UNGHH which is like a hum but with your
Performance
mouth open. Use your stomach muscles to control the
1. Impact
escaping breath so that you exhale slowly and evenly.
2. Body Language
3. Posture The middle of your tongue should be touching your soft
4. Making the palate so that the throat is blocked and the sound comes
connection through the nose. Do that a few times on different notes,
5. Start and finish high, low, middle range. Try to feel how the sound vibrates
D. Developing vocal in your face, and other parts of your body.
technique
1. Resonance When you are comfortable with that, start off with UNGHH
2. Tongue again, but before your breath runs out lower your tongue
Twisters and transition to AWW. Keep your mouth egg shaped not
3. Warm ups - frog mouth shaped. The wider you open your mouth, the
Physical better the effect.
4. Warm ups -
Vocal When you have practised this a few times, it's fun to go
 5. Bad habits - quite quickly from UNGHH to AWW and then play about
What have you with the different sounds your mouth can make by opening
experienced? wide, closing to a small gap, going frog mouth and moving
E. Adding Polish your tongue around in lots of different positions.
1. Ideas for
adding variety and This is an excellent way to help you to find out how to
sparkle improve the quality of your voice. Do this exercise on lots
2. PowerPoint of different notes.
3. Summary of
Just out of interest, take a look at what some people can
Top Tips
do by manipulating the resonating chambers of their voice
F. Completion
resulting in the amazing overtone singing, where the
1. Summary
harmonics in the voice can be heard above the basic notes
2. Useful
being sung.
resources
G. What Next?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a940YFaRI50&feature=r
elated

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZczbWh6hdB4

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Presentation Skills
Table of Contents Tongue Twisters

A. Introduction Try some of these

1. Learning
Outcomes Red lorry, yellow lorry, red lorry, yellow lorry.

2. Learning how to
Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.
be a good presenter
Did Peter Piper pick a peck of pickled peppers?
B. Creating your
If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers,
presentation
where's the peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked?
1. Team
Presentations
Unique New York.
2. Focus
3. Structuring your Six thick thistle sticks. Six thick thistles stick.
presentation
 4. Bad habits - What The sixth sick sheik's sixth sheep's sick.
have you experienced?
C. Presentation is Three free throws.
Performance
Six sick slick slim sycamore saplings.
1. Impact
2. Body Language
A noisy noise annoys an oyster.
3. Posture
4. Making the
Friendly Frank flips fine flapjacks.
connection
5. Start and finish Sheep on cheap ship trip.
D. Developing vocal
technique Lovely lemon liniment.
1. Resonance
2. Tongue Many an anemone sees an enemy anemone.
Twisters
Nine nice night nurses nursing nicely.
3. Warm ups -
Physical
Thieves seize skis.
4. Warm ups - Vocal
5. Bad habits - What
Chop shops stock chops.
have you experienced?
E. Adding Polish The Leith police dismisseth us.
1. Ideas for adding
variety and sparkle The seething seas ceaseth
2. PowerPoint
3. Summary of Top Freshly fried fresh flesh.
Tips
F. Completion
1. Summary
2. Useful resources
G. What Next?

Created by the Careers Advisory Service, Aberystwyth University

Presentation Skills
Table of Contents Warm ups - Physical
 It is essential to warm up a little before any
A. Introduction
performance work
1. Learning
Outcomes  Stretch up neck and gently drop to one
2. Learning how to shoulder then the other, then chin on chest and
be a good presenter point chin forwards in a circular movement
B. Creating your  Yawn widely, then move your jaw in a bite then
presentation a chew action.
1. Team  Stick out tongue and make circles one direction
Presentations then the other
2. Focus  Brrrr noise vibrating the lips. Brrr noise while
3. Structuring your sticking out tongue
presentation  Stretch mouth wide in hideous grin, swap to
4. Bad habits - What pursed lips and frown
have you experienced?
C. Presentation is
Performance
1. Impact
2. Body Language
3. Posture
4. Making the
connection
5. Start and finish
D. Developing vocal
technique
1. Resonance
2. Tongue Twisters
3. Warm ups -
Physical
4. Warm ups - Vocal
5. Bad habits - What
have you experienced?
E. Adding Polish
1. Ideas for adding
variety and sparkle
2. PowerPoint
3. Summary of Top
Tips
F. Completion
1. Summary
2. Useful resources
 G. What Next?

Created by the Careers Advisory Service, Aberystwyth University

Presentation Skills
Table of Contents Bad habits - What have you experienced?

A. Introduction 1
Focusing on the PERFORMANCE
1. Learning aspect of a presentation, what
Outcomes bad habits have you observed?
2. Learning how to a) Poor eye contact
be a good presenter
B. Creating your
b) No
presentation
enthusiasm/energy/boring
1. Team
Presentations
c) fidgety and embarrassed
2. Focus
3. Structuring your
d) Monotonous voice
presentation
4. Bad habits - What
have you experienced? e) Too quiet
C. Presentation is
Performance f) Too fast
1. Impact
2. Body Language
3. Posture
4. Making the
connection
5. Start and finish
D. Developing vocal
technique
1. Resonance
2. Tongue Twisters
3. Warm ups -
Physical
4. Warm ups - Vocal
 5. Bad habits -
What have you
experienced?
E. Adding Polish
1. Ideas for adding
variety and sparkle
2. PowerPoint
3. Summary of Top
Tips
F. Completion
1. Summary
2. Useful resources
G. What Next?

Created by the Careers Advisory Service, Aberystwyth University

Presentation Skills
Table of Contents Ideas for adding variety and sparkle

A. Introduction  Quotations - you can always find pithy, apt

1. Learning quotations on the Internet which can add life and
Outcomes interest to your presentation
2. Learning  Stories - personal, true stories, so long as they are
how to be a good relevant, are a great way to illustrate a point and tend
presenter to be liked by audiences.
B. Creating your  Examples - Help to clarify the point you are making
presentation and can be memorable
1. Team  Analogies/metaphors - useful, especially if you are
Presentations dealing with complex ideas. For inspiration, check out
2. Focus the famous Blackadder metaphors and similes -
3. Structuring http://www.facebook.com/topic.php?uid=1108884110
your presentation 5&topic=5490
4. Bad habits -  Questions to the audience - the easiest way to
What have you engage your audience and get them to offer opinions
experienced?  Straw polls - A show of hands a great way of
C. Presentation is keeping the audience awake and involved
Performance  Pictures, video, audio - for variety
1. Impact  Statistics - amazing statistics a good way of starting
2. Body a presentation and thought provoking at any time.
Language  Humour - If you are confident you can make people
3. Posture laugh, go for it. A little humour or wit can be great. But
4. Making the don't try it if you are not sure.
connection  Surprises! - Use your imagination.
5. Start and  Props - Anything interesting and relevant to your talk
finish
D. Developing vocal
technique
1. Resonance
2. Tongue
Twisters
3. Warm ups -
Physical
4. Warm ups -
Vocal
5. Bad habits -
What have you
experienced?
E. Adding Polish
1. Ideas for
adding variety
and sparkle
2. PowerPoint
3. Summary of
Top Tips
F. Completion
1. Summary
2. Useful
resources
G. What Next?

Created by the Careers Advisory Service, Aberystwyth University

Presentation Skills
Table of Contents PowerPoint

A. Introduction A few tips on using PowerPoint.

1. Learning Outcomes
2. Learning how to be  Do not use too many slides

a good presenter  The fewer words on a slide the better

B. Creating your presentation  Keep font size large eg 28 in Verdana

1. Team Presentations minimum

2. Focus  Not too many bells and whistles - you are the

3. Structuring your star of the piece, not the PowerPoint

presentation  And of course, don't read it! You can print out

4. Bad habits - What a notes page for your own use, while you are

have you experienced? delivering your presentation.

C. Presentation is
Performance
1. Impact
2. Body Language
3. Posture
4. Making the
connection
5. Start and finish
D. Developing vocal
technique
1. Resonance
2. Tongue Twisters
3. Warm ups -
Physical
4. Warm ups - Vocal
5. Bad habits - What
have you experienced?
E. Adding Polish
1. Ideas for adding
variety and sparkle
2. PowerPoint
3. Summary of Top
Tips
F. Completion
1. Summary
2. Useful resources
G. What Next?
 Created by the Careers Advisory Service, Aberystwyth University

Presentation Skills
Table of Contents Summary of Top Tips

A. Introduction It is important to rehearse your presentation to get your

1. Learning timings right and to allow you to become familiar with
Outcomes the material and to develop your ideas. Film yourself if
2. Learning how to you can. It is the best way to find out which areas you
be a good presenter need to work on.
B. Creating your
presentation Remember, Presentation is Performance. Follow the

1. Team hints and tips given; practise all the elements and your

Presentations skills will improve dramatically.

2. Focus Top Tips 1

3. Structuring your
presentation The best presenters know their material so well, they
4. Bad habits - What either use no notes, or appear to be using none!
have you experienced?
C. Presentation is Spoken language is different in structure from the
Performance written word.
1. Impact
2. Body Language So you are not to just write an essay and read it out!

3. Posture
4. Making the
connection
5. Start and finish
D. Developing vocal
technique
1. Resonance
2. Tongue Twisters
3. Warm ups -
Physical
4. Warm ups - Vocal
5. Bad habits - What
have you experienced? Original illustration by Vera Carbin, Aberystwyth
E. Adding Polish University School of Art
1. Ideas for adding
Top Tip 2
variety and sparkle
2. PowerPoint
Don't turn your back on the audience
3. Summary of Top
Tips
F. Completion
1. Summary
2. Useful resources
G. What Next?

Top Tip 3

Don't read the PowerPoint. Your audience is quite

capable of reading what's on the slides and don't put
everything you want to say on your PowerPoint. Less is
more. Your slides should be a guide, a way of helping
you to structure your presentation, so that the audience
can follow your ideas clearly.

http://www.presentationmagazine.com/8-mistakes-
microsoft-powerpoint-presentations.htm

Top Tip 4

Be completely still, silent and grounded for a few

moments before you begin to speak.

Top Tip 5

Make eye contact with the whole audience, not just the
front row
Top Tip 6

Develop your vocal power and timbre by orating

dramatic monologues and/ or singing, and doing the
exercises, of course

http://www.monologuearchive.com/

Top Tip 7

Rehearse your presentation thoroughly so that you only

need to use key words, to remind you what comes next.
These could be put on small index cards which you can
use in a subtle way throughout your presentation

Top Tip 8

Tell them when you have finished by thanking them for

listening. Don't just rush off. Acknowledge your
audience.
 Top Tip 9

Smile often, as appropriate. Even in a serious piece a

smile can be a powerful way to connect with your
audience

Top Tip 10

Make sure you have command of your topic. Don't try to

busk it, by talking about something you know little
about. Choose your topic carefully, if it has been chosen
for you, do your homework.

That way you will be able to tackle the subject with

confidence and deal with questions with aplomb.

Created by the Careers Advisory Service, Aberystwyth University