DUE TO IMPROPER PLANNING (URBAN

SPRAWL), DIFFERENT SOCIAL,

ENVIRONMENTAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL
PROBLEM ARISES.

REPORT

BY
ABDUL REHMAN

AMAN ULLAH KHAN

ARMAN ALI SHAH

4TH YEAR

DATE OF SUBMISSION:14-july-2018
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY PESHAWAR,ABBOTTABAD CAMPUS
ABSTRACT:

Urban sprawl (improper planning) in different regions, and its causes and
impacts on society (physical, psychological, environmental). We know, for
healthy and successful life, a healthy environment is very important,
where all the facilities and needs of people is full filled. And if there is no
basic facilities and unhealthy environment, so then a lot of problems
arises. For that purpose we study about urban development, to see the
causes and impacts of proper or improper planning. For this purpose we
selected two different study populations, i,e two different regions. One on
them is Jinnahabad, and the other is sir sayed colony. we prepare a
questionnaire and then implemented on both regions.and then do a
comparative analysis of both areas. we see that there is a lot of difference
between these two regions just because of their planning i.e physically
,socially and environmentally. As the living standard of Jinnahabad
colony is much better then sir syed colony. we noticed that for healthy
society a proper planning is very essential. As we see a lot of problems
arises because of improper planning.
 *

TABLE OF CONTENTS :

ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. *
Dedicated to…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..01

AKNOWLEDGEMENTs………………………………………………………………………………………………………………02

CHAPTER : 1 – INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………03

CHAPTER : 2 – LITERATURE REVIEW……………………………………………………04

CAUSES OF IMPROPER PLANNING………………………………………………………..04

Improper planning or urban sprawl in Pakistan……………………………………05

Case study…………………………………………………………………………………………….06

CHAPTER : 3 -METHODOLOGY……………………………………………………………06

Data collection……………………………………………………………………………………….

Sample of study………………………………………………………………………………..

Research instrument…………………………………………………………………………

Study population……………………………………………………………………………..

CHAPTER: 4 DATA ANALYSIS AND

INTERPRETATION……………………………………………………………………………..08-16

CHAPTER: 5 CONCLUSIONS…………………………………………………………………….16

CHAPTER: 6RECOMMENDATIONS………………………………………………………….17

REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………………………………….18

APPENDIX………………………………………………………………………………………………..19
 DEDICATED TO :

My respectable teachers and friends who kept me on track all the time.

1
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I thank all the persons who shared their knowledge

and time with me as I compiled my thesis work. I
extend my utmost appreciations and thanks to the
professional endorsement of all these personalities.
I am greatly obliges to the following people for their
guidance during the period I carried out the spade
work of my report.

2
 CHAPTER: 1 - INTRODUCTION
improper planning have a great impact on society and due to which a lot of
problems arises, for e,g different diseases, different social problems etc.improper
planning refers to the expansion of poorly planned, low-density, auto-dependent
development, which spreads out over large amounts of land, putting long
distances between homes, stores, and work and creating a high segregation
between residential and commercial uses with harmful impacts on the people
living in these areas and the ecosystems and wildlife that have been displaced.
Although some would argue that improper planning has its benefits, such as
creating local economic growth, improper has many negative consequences for
residents and the environment, such as higher water and air pollution, increased
traffic problems and for e.g road jams. improper planning is the result of a
complex set of interrelated socioeconomic and cultural forces.While the causes
and consequences of improper planning may seem daunting, there are multiple
policies and techniques that can reduce the proliferation of unsustainable growth
patterns. .The purpose of the study was to find the causes and impacts of
improper planning.

3
 CHAPTER: 2- LITERATURE REVIEW

Literature review :
Improper planning is basically another word for urbanization. It refers to the
migration of a population from populated towns and cities to low density
residential development over more and more rural land. The end result is the
spreading of a city and its suburbs over more and more rural land. In other
words, improper planning is defined as low density residential and commercial
development on undeveloped land. Most of the time, people will move from
these areas to try to find better areas to live. This has been the way of the world
since the beginning.

Migration and improper planning isn’t something that is just now becoming
popular, as it has been around for quite some time. Cities and their suburbs are
now becoming overcrowded because of this, but now it is time to look at the
causes and the effects of the improper planning, so that you can gain a better
understanding of it.

Causes of improper planning:

4
Improper planning can be caused by a variety of different things. These causes
will mainly include:

Lower Land Rates: Lower cost land and houses in the outer suburbs of the
cities, because the centers of urban development have really made people want
to stop settling in these areas and want to venture further out.

Improved Infrastructure: There is increased spending on certain types of

infrastructures, including roads and electricity. This is something that hasn’t
always been available, and there are still some areas that don’t have these
luxuries. That doesn’t mean that they aren’t working on it.

Rise in Standard of Living: There are also increases in standards of living

and average family incomes, which means that people have the ability to pay
more to travel and commute longer distances to work and back home.

Lack of Urban Planning: People love to find areas that are less trafficked
and more calm, which leads them to sprawl out to other sections of the town.
Unprecedented development, cutting of trees, loss of green cover, long traffic
jams, poor infrastructure force people to move out to new areas.

Lower House Tax Rates: Cities will usually have high property taxes, and
you can usually avoid these taxes by living in the outer suburbs because the
taxes are usually lower than they would be in other situations.

Rise in Population Growth: Another factor that contributes towards

urban sprawl is rise in population growth. As number of people in a city grows
beyond capacity, the local communities continues to spread farther and farther
from city centers.

Consumer Preferences: People in high income groups have stronger

preferences towards larger homes, more bedrooms, bigger balconies and bigger
lawns. This also causes urban sprawl as this option is not available in crowded

5
cities. People generally look out for low-density residential areas where they
can get home according to their preference.

Improper planning or urban sprawl in Pakistan

Pakistan has one of the highest urbanization rate in South Asian nations. The
presence of 3 million Afghan refugees and about 4 million Internally Displaced
Persons (IDPs), in the country in general and in North Western part including
Islamabad, in particular has created a lot of pressure on the cities.

CASE STUDY:
Over the past 30 years, Land development and consumption have been out of
control and expanding out of order, especially in marginal areas of some
metropolises in Pakistan. In this research the dynamic change of urban sprawl and
its spatial and temporal characteristics was analyzed for Lahore division, Pakistan

We see there is alot of decrease in the barren land in Lahore, and increase in built
up area.

CHAPTER :3 -Methodology

6
It was a survey type study, which largely focused on the improper planning (urban
sprawl) and its impacts (physical, social, psychological). Quantitative approach
was used for the collection of data. The data was presented in the form of graph
and further elaborated in percentages.

STUDY POPULATION
residents of two different regions of Abbottabad, sir sayed colony (improper
planning) and jinnahabad (proper planning)

SAMPLE OF STUDY
15 residentsfrom both of the regions (jinnahabad and sir sayed colony),
comprised the sample of study. These residentswere selected through random
sampling techniques.

RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
A close-ended questionnaire was designed for data collection. The questionnaire
was designed keeping in view the objective of the study. The question items were
based on to study improper planning and its impacts.

DATA COLLECTION
Researchers personally distributed the questionnaires to the respondents in
order to keep the validity of the data.The questionnaires were collected and
update data were elicited.

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 CHAPTER: 4 - Data Analysis and
Interpretation
1- free space

free space for house (jinnahabad)

12
No of respondent

10
8
6
4
2
0
1 2 3 4
free space

free spaces for each houses (sir sayed colony)

10
no of respondents

8
6
4
2
0
1 2 3 4
free spaces

We concluded from the above graph that the percentage of free spaces is more in
each houses of the jinnahabad is compare to sir syedcolony.which provide a good

ventilation because of the proper planning in jinnahabad .

2- set backs

8
 set back for house(jinnahabad)
15
no of respondent

10

0
yes no
set back

15
set back for houses(sir sayed colony)
no of respondents

10

0
yes set back no

In jinnahabad colony the ratio of setback is more than that of sir syed colony .the
proper setback provide a good service for the users. In jinnahabad there is
implement a proper rule of the authority which achieve a proper urban planning.

3- windows and opening:

window in each room (jinnahabad)

14
12
no of respondent

10
8
6
4
2
0
yes no
windows

9
 window in each room(sir sayed colony)
12
no of respondents

10
8
6
4
2
0
yes no
window
.

One of the most important factor of proper planning is ventilation(proper

windows in buildings).

If we see the above result of both colonies, then we say that there is no proper
ventilation provided in sir sayed colony, means there is improper planning, due to
which different diseases arises for example shortness of breath.

4- No of residents:

NO of residents in house (jinnahabad)

9
8
no of respondent

7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1 to 5 5 to 10 10 to 15
resident

10
 no of respondents 10
no of residents in house (sir sayed colony)
8
6
4
2
0
1 to 5 5 to 10
residents 10 to 15

For healthy life it is important that, for every person there should be enough
space for their different personal and healthy activities. If we see the above
result of both colonies, which shows that residents per house ratio in sir sayed
colony is much more larger then jinnahabad due to which they can not enjoy a
healthy life and have more psychological problem. This is just because of
improper planning.

5- pure drinking water:

supply of pure drinking water (jinnahabad)

14
no of respondents

12
10
8
6
4
2
0
yes no
pure water

11
 10
supply of pure drinking water (sir sayed
colony)
no of respondents

0
yes no
pure water

Pure water is one of most important compound for the survival of human being.
If the water is not pure and unhealthy, then they suffer from different diseases.
The above figures shows that there is no proper supply of pure drinking water in
sir sayed colony and the main reason is there is no proper supply system means
Improper planning.

6- availability of different utilities:

availibility of utility (jinnahabad)

15
no of respondent

10

0
yes no
utility

availibility of utility (sir sayed colony)

8.2
8
no of respondents

7.8
7.6
7.4
7.2
7
6.8
6.6
6.4
yes no
utility

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 The ratio of utilities means electricity, gas etc, in jinnahabad is more than that
of sir sayed colony according to the above graph. This is because of large
population in small area of sir sayed colony, so the users are in large numbers
and the utilities are less.

7- drainage system:

10
types of drainage system (jinnahabad)
no of respondent

8
6
4
2
0
storge tank gutter tank M st: line
drainage

types of drainage system (sir sayed colony)

8.5
no of respondents

8
7.5
7
6.5
storge tank gutter tank M st: line
drainage

In jinnahabad colony there is availible a main stream line and in sir syed colony
there is a storage tank system which cause more pollution than steam line
system. This is because of im improper planning.

13
8- types of diseases mostly occurs:

types of diseases (jinnahabad)

10
no of respondent

8
6
4
2
0
lungs diseases short breath none
diseases

types of diseases (sir sayed colony)

15
no of respondents

10

0
lungs diseases diseases short breath none

From the above graph we conclude that the ratio of diseases in sir syed colony is
more than that of jinnahabad.Because of the improper planning in sir syed
colony.

9- emergency, vehicular Access

14
 availibility of vehicular access (jinnahabad)
10
no of respondent

8
6
4
2
0
yes no
vehicular access

availibily of vehicular access (sir sayed colony)

15
no of respondents

10

0
yes no
vehicular access

.Vehicular access means direct access of all types of transport in case of

emergency for example fire brigade, ambulance is very important. As we see in
above result vehicular access of sir sayed colony is much more less then the
jinnahabad due to which there will be a lot of troubles occure in case of
emergency in sir sayed colony and this is just because of improper planning.

10 street fight:

street fighting b/t the resident (jinnahabad)

8.5
no of respondent

7.5

6.5
yes no
street fighting

15
 8.5
street fighting b/t the resident (sir sayed colony)
no of residents

7.5

6.5
yes no
street fighting

As shown in the above figures that the street fight ratio in sir sayed colony is 50%
more then from jinnahabad colony and from the above result we should conclude
that improper planning has a great social effects on societies.

CHAPTER: 5 - Conclusions

Based on data interpreted, following conclusions were drawn:

Majority of the conclusion agreed shows that improper planning causes

different physical, social, psychological problems.

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 CHAPTER: 6 - Recommendations
Based on data interpreted and conclusions of the study, following
recommendations were made.

1. proper rules and regulations should be identified for new development .

2. government should applied these rules for new developers.

3. government should arranged awareness and motivational programs for the

residents of society.

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References
1.Town Planning & Urban Management by Jahangir World Times

2.Town Planning and Urban Management 1st Edition By M SohailBhatti

3.Cities Of Tomorrow: An Intellectual History Of Urban Planning And Design

Since 1880 (4Th Edition) [Paperback-2014]

4.Advanced Town Planning & Urban Management By KashifFaraz Ahmad.

[5]C. Jaret, R. Ghadge, L. Reid and R. Adelman, 'The

Measurement of Suburban Sprawl: An Evaluation', City

& Community, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 65-84, 2009

[6]'Changes in land use and land cover: A global perspective',

Environment International, vol. 21, no. 3, p. 345, 1995.

[7]M. Herold, N. Goldstein and K. Clarke, 'The

spatiotemporal form of urban growth: measurement,

analysis and modeling', Remote Sensing of Environment,

vol. 86, no. 3, pp. 286-302, 2003.

[8]T. Van de Voorde, W. Jacquet and F. Canters, 'Mapping

form and function in urban areas: An approach based on

urban metrics and continuous impervious surface data',

Landscape and Urban Planning, vol. 102, no. 3, pp.

143-155, 2011.

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 APPENDIX
UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY ABBOTTABAD CAMPUS

INTRODUCTION :

Dear residents:

The student of 4th year Architecture department is

conducting a research study to find out the causes and impacts (physical, social,
environmental etc) of improper planning .For this purpose we select two regions.

1.sirsayed colony

2.jinnahabad.

Gathering information from residents is a vital part of this process.

THANK YOU FOR THE TIME YOU ARE TAKING THE EVALUATION.YOUR ANSWERS
WILL HELP IMPROVE THE CONTENT OF OUR COURSES. ALL THE ANSWERS WILL BE
HELD IN THE STRICTEST CONFIDENTIALITY.

PLEASE CIRCLE A RESPONSE FOR EACH QUESTION. WHEN YOU ARE DONE,
RETURN THE QUESTIONNAIRE TO A STUDENT REPRESENTATIV.

QUESTIONS:

QNO1: Is there is free spaces in your house?

A)10% B) 20% C) 30% D) 40%

QNO 2: Is there is any set back given to the houses from streets?

a) YES b) NO

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QNO3: Is there is windows provided in each room?

a) YES b) NO

QNO4: How many residents in each house?

a) 1to5 b) 5 to 10 c) 10 to 15

QNO5: Is there is supply of pure drinking water?

a) YES b) NO

QNO6: Is there is the availability of different utilities?

Example: gas, Electricity etc.

QNO7: What types of drainage system is?

a) Storage tank B) Gutter C) Main stream line.

QNO7: What types of drainage system is?

a) Storage tank B) Gutter C) Main stream line.

QNO8: What types of diseases mostly occurs?

a) Lung diseases B) Shortness of breath c) None

QNO9: Is there is recreational spaces in the colony?

a) YES b) NO

Q: 10 In case of emergency, is there is directly vehicular

Access is available or not?

a) YES b) NO

Q: 11 In case of emergency, is there is directly vehicular

Access is available or not?

a) YES b) NO

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THE END