Chapter 20

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the
statement or answers the question.
1) A hormone that helps to regulate the sodium ion concentration of the
blood is
A) parathormone.
B) aldosterone.
C) somatotropin.
D) thymosin.
E) cortisol.

2) Atrial natriuretic peptide

A) promotes diuresis.
B) reduces thirst.
C) blocks the release of ADH.
D) blocks the release of aldosterone.
E) all of the above

3) A person who suffers from emphysema will exhibit signs of

A) respiratory alkalosis.
B) metabolic alkalosis.
C) respiratory acidosis.
D) metabolic acidosis.
E) none of the above

4) Angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II by enzymes primarily

located in the
A) kidneys.
B) blood vessels.
C) heart.
D) lungs.
E) liver.

5) Stimuli for the activation of the RAAS pathway include

A) low blood pressure in arterioles in the nephron.
B) a decrease in fluid flow through the distal tubule.
C) high blood pressure in the renal artery.
D) A and B
E) A, B and C

6) A person who suffers from hyperventilation will exhibit signs of

A) respiratory alkalosis.
B) metabolic acidosis.
C) metabolic alkalosis.
D) respiratory acidosis.
E) none of the above

7) The principal cation in the ICF is

A) sodium.
B) calcium.
C) potassium.
D) magnesium.
E) chloride.

8) Atrial natriuretic peptide

A) inhibits the release of renin.
B) increases the GFR.
C) stimulates the release of renin.
D) A and B
E) A and C

9) An increase in plasma potassium levels is properly called

A) hyperpotassemia.
B) hypernatremia.
C) hyperpotasseplasmia.
D) hypercalcemia.
E) hyperkalemia.

10) Hypoventilation causes

A) metabolic acidosis.
B) respiratory alkalosis.
C) respiratory acidosis.
D) metabolic alkalosis.
E) none of the above

11) When the concentration of sodium ion in the ECF decreases,

A) there is a decrease in the level of aldosterone.
B) there is an increase in the level of atrial natriuretic factor.
C) osmoreceptors are stimulated.
D) less ADH is released.
E) a person experiences an increased thirst.

12) In an attempt to correct for dehydration, which mechanism(s) could

be used?
A) increased cardiac output
B) increased aldosterone secretion
C) increased ADH secretion
D) A and B
E) A and C

13) Atrial natriuretic peptide

A) has long-lasting effects.
B) increases Na+ retention.
C) lowers blood pressure.
D) A and B
E) B and C

14) Aldosterone
A) is secreted in response to elevated levels of sodium in the blood.
B) functions in pH regulation.
C) increases the concentration of sodium in urine.
D) promotes sodium retention in the kidneys.
E) helps decrease blood volume.

15) ACE converts

A) renin to aldosterone.
B) angiotensinogen to angiotensin I.
C) angiotensin II to aldosterone.
D) renin to angiotensinogen.
E) angiotensin I to angiotensin II.

16) Most K+ in the body is found

A) in the lymph. B) inside cells.
C) in the interstitial fluid. D) in the blood.
17) The three systems that work together most closely to regulate
blood pressure, osmolarity and pH are the __________ systems.
A) respiratory, lymphatic and cardiovascular
B) urinary, respiratory and cardiovascular
C) cardiovascular, integumentary and urinary
D) urinary, lymphatic and digestive
E) cardiovascular, digestive and urinary

18) Angiotensin II
A) causes widespread vasoconstriction throughout the body.
B) stimulates thirst.
C) causes the synthesis and release of aldosterone from the adrenal
cortex.
D) A and B
E) A, B and C

19) Atrial natriuretic peptide

A) acts as both a hormone and a neurotransmitter.
B) is secreted by neurons originating in the hypothalamus.
C) is produced by specialized myocardial cells.
D) A and B
E) A, B and C

20) Which of the following is not true about angiotensin II?

A) is a potent vasoconstrictor
B) elevates blood pressure
C) activates parasympathetic output
D) stimulates thirst
E) increases cardiac output
21) Dangers of low plasma potassium include
A) skeletal muscle weakness.
B) arrhythmias.
C) weakness and failure of the muscles of respiration.
D) A and B
E) A, B and C

22) Each of the following statements concerning the hormone atrial

natriuretic peptide is true except one. Identify the exception.
A) Atrial natriuretic peptide suppresses ADH secretion.
B) Atrial natriuretic peptide increases aldosterone secretion.
C) Atrial natriuretic peptide reduces the sensation of thirst.
D) Atrial natriuretic peptide promotes sodium loss at the kidneys.
E) Atrial natriuretic peptide is produced by cells in the heart.

23) When large amounts of pure water are consumed,

A) a fluid shift occurs and the volume of the ICF decreases.
B) the ECF becomes hypertonic to the ICF.
C) osmolarities of both ECF and ICF will be slightly lower.
D) the volume of the ECF will decrease.
E) the volume of the ICF will decrease.

24) If plasma levels of potassium get too high,

A) cells are unable to repolarize fully.
B) excitable cells depolarize readily.
C) action potentials become smaller or nonexistent.
D) muscle weakness occurs.
E) All of these events occur.
25) The kidneys can alter extracellular fluid volume and osmolarity by
A) changing the amount of water excreted.
B) changing the amount of sodium excreted.
C) both of these
D) neither of these

26) As a result of respiratory alkalosis,

A) the kidneys conserve bicarbonate.
B) the tidal volume increases.
C) the body retains less carbon dioxide.
D) the respiratory rate increases.
E) the kidneys secrete less hydrogen ions.

27) Juxtaglomerular cells in the nephron secrete

A) angiotensinogen.
B) renin.
C) angiotensin I.
D) angiotensin converting enzyme.
E) aldosterone.

28) The enzyme renin is responsible for the activation of

A) erythropoietin.
B) atrial natriuretic peptide.
C) adrenaline.
D) angiotensin.
E) cortisol.

29) When plasma water is lost but electrolytes are retained,

A) the osmolarity of the ECF falls.
B) both the ECF and the ICF become more dilute.
C) there is an increase in the volume of the ICF.
D) osmosis moves water from the ICF to the ECF.
E) all of the above

30) A mountain climber at high altitude may develop

A) respiratory alkalosis.
B) respiratory acidosis.
C) metabolic acidosis.
D) metabolic alkalosis.
E) none of the above

31) ACE inhibitors

A) lower blood pressure.
B) block the conversion of angiotensin I to II.
C) reduce Na+ reabsorption and decrease extracellular fluid volume.
D) A and B
E) A, B and C

32) When the concentration of sodium ion in the ECF increases,

A) osmoreceptors are stimulated.
B) there is a decreased thirst.
C) ADH secretion decreases.
D) there is an increase in the volume of urine produced.
E) aldosterone secretion increases.

33) The hormone ADH

A) causes the kidneys to produce a large volume of urine.
B) is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland in response to changes in
blood osmolarity.
C) stimulates the kidneys to retain sodium ion.
D) stimulates water conservation at the kidneys.
E) all of the above

34) The hormone that controls water excretion by the kidneys is

A) aldosterone.
B) angiotensin.
C) ANP.
D) ADH.
E) epinephrine.

1) B
2) E
3) C
4) B
5) D
6) A
7) C
8) D
9) E
10) C
11) D
12) E
13) C
14) D
15) E
16) B
17) B
18) E
19) E
20) C
21) E
22) B
23) C
24) E
25) C
26) C
27) B
28) D
29) D
30) A
31) E
32) A
33) D
34) D