SPM Trial 2011 Che Qa SBP

68/,7

&+(0,675<
.HUWDV
2JRV

óMDP
%$+$*,$13(1*8586$1
6(.2/$+%(5$65$0$3(18+'$16(.2/$+.(&(0(5/$1*$1
.(0(17(5,$13(/$-$5$10$/$<6,$

3(3(5,.6$$13(5&8%$$1
6,-,/3(/$-$5$10$/$<6,$

&+(0,675<
.HUWDV

6DWXMDPOLPDEHODVPLQLW

-$1*$1%8.$.(57$662$/$1,1,6(+,1**$',%(5,7$+8

.HUWDVVRDODQLQLPHQJDQGXQJLVRDODQ

-DZDEVHPXDVRDODQ

7LDSWLDSVRDODQGLLNXWLROHKHPSDWSLOLKDQMDZDSDQLDLWX$%&GDQ'%DJLVHWLDS
VRDODQSLOLKVDWXMDZDSDQVDKDMD+LWDPNDQMDZDSDQDQGDSDGDNHUWDVMDZDSDQ
REMHNWLI\DQJGLVHGLDNDQ

-LNDDQGDKHQGDNPHQXNDUMDZDSDQSDGDPNDQWDQGD\DQJWHODKGLEXDWNHPXGLDQ
KLWDPNDQMDZDSDQ\DQJEDUX

5DMDK\DQJPHQJLULQJLVRDODQWLGDNGLOXNLVNDQPHQJLNXWVNDODNHFXDOLGLQ\DWDNDQ

$QGDGLEHQDUNDQPHQJJXQDNDQNDONXODWRUVDLQWLILN\DQJWLGDNEROHKGLSURJUDPNDQ

.HUWDVVRDODQLQLPHQJDQGXQJLKDODPDQEHUFHWDN

#7ULDO+DN&LSWD6HNRODK%HUDVUDPD3HQXK >/LKDW+DODPDQ6HEHODK
68/,7
68/,7

:KDWLVWKHILUVWVWHSLQDVFLHQWLILFLQYHVWLJDWLRQ"
$SDNDKODQJNDKSHUWDPDGDODPVXDWXSHQ\LDVDWDQVDLQV"

$ 0DNLQJDK\SRWKHVLV
0HPEXDWKLSRWHVLV
% 0DNLQJDQREVHUYDWLRQ
0HPEXDWSHPHUKDWLDQ
& ,GHQWLI\LQJWKHSUREOHP
0HQJHQDOSDVWLPDVDODK
' 3ODQQLQJDQH[SHULPHQW
0HUDQFDQJHNVSHULPHQ

*LYHQ WKH IRUPXODH IRU DOXPLQLXP LRQ LV $O DQG VXOSKDWH LRQ LV 62 &KRRVH WKH
FRUUHFWFKHPLFDOIRUPXODRIDOXPPLQLXPVXOSKDWH
'LEHULIRUPXODLRQDOXPLQLXPLDODK$OGDQLRQVXOIDWLDODK623LOLKIRUPXODNLPLD
\DQJEHWXOEDJLDOXPLQLXPVXOIDW
$ $O62
% $O62
& $O62
' $O62

(OHPHQWVDUHDUUDQJHGLQWKHPRGHUQ3HULRGLF7DEOHEDVHGRQWKHLU
8QVXUXQVXUGLVXVXQGDODP-DGXDO%HUNDODPRGHQEHUGDVDUNDQ

$ DWRPLFUDGLXV
MHMDULDWRP
% QXFOHRQQXPEHU
QRPERUQXNOHRQ
& QXPEHURISURWRQV
ELODQJDQSURWRQ
' QXPEHURIQHXWURQV
ELODQJDQQHXWURQ

7ULDO+DN&LSWD6HNRODK%HUDVUDPD3HQXK>/LKDWVHEHODK
68/,7

68/,7

:KLFKVXEVWDQFHLVDQLRQLFFRPSRXQG"
%DKDQPDQDNDKDGDODKVHEDWLDQLRQLN"

$ $PPRQLD1+
$PPRQLD1+
% (WKDQRO&+2+
(WDQRO&+2+
& 1LWURJHQGLR[LGH12
1LWURJHQGLRNVLGD12
' 0DJQHVLXPR[LGH0J2
0DJQHVLXPRNVLGD0J2

'LDJUDPVKRZVWKHVHWXSRIWKHDSSDUDWXVIRUHOHFWURO\VLV
5DMDKPHQXQMXNNDQVXVXQDQUDGDV\DQJGLJXQDNDQGDODPHOHNWUROLVLV

&DUERQ.DUERQ &DUERQ.DUERQ

(OHFWURO\WH
(OHNWUROLW

'LDJUDP
5DMDK

:KLFKRIWKHIROORZLQJFRPSRXQGFDQEHXVHGDVDQHOHFWURO\WH"
$QWDUDVHEDWLDQEHULNXW\DQJPDQDNDKEROHKGLJXQDNDQVHEDJDLHOHNUROLW

$ $PPRQLDVROXWLRQ
/DUXWDQDPPRQLD
% *OXFRVHVROXWLRQ
/DUXWDQJOXNRVD
& 1DSKWKDOHQH
1DIWDOHQD
' (WKDQRO
(WDQRO

68/,7

68/,7

:KLFKRIWKHIROORZLQJLVWUXHRIWKHS+RIDQDFLG"
$QWDUDEHULNXW\DQJPDQDNDKEHQDUWHQWDQJS+VHVXDWXDVLG"

$ 7KHPRUHGLOXWHWKHDFLGWKHKLJKHULWVS+
/HELKFDLUDVLGOHELKWLQJJLQLODLS+Q\D
% 7KHVWURQJHUWKHDFLGWKHKLJKHULWVS+
/HELKNXDWDVLGOHELKWLQJJLQLODLS+Q\D
& 7KHKLJKHUWKHGHJUHHRIGLVVRFLDWLRQWKHKLJKHULWVS+
/HELKWLQJJLGDUMDKSHQJXUDLDQOHELKWLQJJLQLODLS+Q\D
' 7KHKLJKHUWKHFRQFHQWUDWLRQRIK\GURJHQLRQVWKHKLJKHULWVS+
/HELKWLQJJLNHSHNDWDQLRQK\GURJHQOHELKWLQJJLQLODLS+Q\D

:KLFKRIWKHIROORZLQJLVDVDOWDQGVROXEOHLQZDWHU"
$QWDUDEHULNXW\DQJPDQDNDKVDWXJDUDPGDQODUXWGDODPDLU"

$ 6RGLXPK\GUR[LGH
1DWULXPKLGURNVLGD
% $OXPLQLXPR[LGH
$OXPLQLXPRNVLGD
& 0DJQHVLXPQLWUDWH
0DJQHVLXPQLWUDW
' &DOFLXPFDUERQDWH
.DOVLXPNDUERQDW

:KLFKRIWKHIROORZLQJLVDIDVWUHDFWLRQ"
$QWDUDEHULNXW\DQJPDQDNDKWLQGDNEDODVEHUODNXFHSDW"

$ 3UHFLSLWDWLRQUHDFWLRQ
7LQGDNEDODVSHPHQGDNDQ
% 3KRWRV\QWKHVLV
)RWRVHQWLVLV
& )HUPHQWDWLRQ
3HQDSDLDQ
' 5XVWLQJ
3HQJDUDWDQ

68/,7

68/,7

7KHHTXDWLRQLQ'LDJUDPUHSUHVHQWVWKHUHDFWLRQLQWKHLQGXVWULDOSUHSDUDWLRQRI
DPPRQLD
3HUVDPDDQGLGDODP5DMDKPHZDNLOLWLQGDNEDODVSHQJKDVLODQDPPRQLDGDODP
LQGXVWUL
&DWDO\VW0

PDQJNLQ0
1 + 1+

R

&DWP

'LDJUDP
5DMDK
:KDWLV0"
$SDNDK0"

$ ,URQ
)HUXP
% 1LFNHO
1LNHO
& &RSSHU,,R[LGH
.XSUXP,,RNVLGD
' 0DQJDQHVH,9R[LGH
0DQJDQ,9NVLGD

:KLFKRIWKHIROORZLQJSDLUVRIKRPRORJRXVVHULHVDQGJHQHUDOIRUPXODLVFRUUHFW"
$QWDUDEHULNXW\DQJPDQDNDKSDVDQJDQVLULKRPRORJXVGDQIRUPXODXPXPQ\DEHWXO"

+RPRORJRXVVHULHV *HQHUDOIRUPXOD
Siri homologus Formula umum
$ $ONDQH
$ONDQD &Q+Q
% $ONHQH
DONHQD &Q+Q
& $OFRKRO
DONRKRO &Q+Q2+
' &DUER[\OLFDFLG
$VLGNDUERNVLOLN &Q+Q&22+

68/,7

68/,7

7KHIROORZLQJLVWKHKDOIHTXDWLRQRIDUHDFWLRQ
%HULNXWDGDODKVHWHQJDKSHUVDPDDQEDJLVDWXWLQGDNEDODV

&OH&O

:KDWLVPHDQWE\UHGXFWLRQUHDFWLRQEDVHGRQWKHHTXDWLRQ"
$SDNDK\DQJGLPDNVXGNDQGHQJDQWLQGDNEDODVSHQXUXQDQSHUGDVDUNDQSHUVDPDDQLWX"

$ (OHFWURQVDUHUHFHLYHGE\FKORULQH
(OHNWURQGLWHULPDROHKNORULQ
% (OHFWURQVDUHGRQDWHGE\FKORULQH
(OHNWURQGLGHUPDROHKNORULQ
& (OHFWURQVDUHUHFHLYHGE\FKORULGHLRQV
(OHNWURQGLWHULPDROHKLRQNORULGD
' (OHFWURQVDUHGRQDWHGE\FKORULGHLRQV
(OHNWURQGLGHUPDROHKLRQNORULGD

'LDJUDPVKRZVWKHHQHUJ\SURILOHIRUWKHUHDFWLRQEHWZHHQ;DQG<WRSURGXFH=
5DMDKPHQXQMXNNDQSURILOWHQDJDEDJLVDWXWLQGDNEDODVDQWDUD;GDQ<
PHQJKDVLONDQ=

'LDJUDP
5DMDK

:KDWLVWKHDFWLYDWLRQHQHUJ\RIWKHUHDFWLRQDQGWKHW\SHRIUHDFWLRQ"
$SDNDKWHQDJDSHQJDNWLIDQWLQGDNEDODVGDQMHQLVWLQGDNEDODVLWX"

$FWLYDWLRQHQHUJ\N- 7\SHVRIUHDFWLRQ
Tenaga pengaktifan / N- Jenis tindak balas
([RWKHUPLF
$
(NVRWHUPLN
(QGRWKHUPLF
%
(QGRWHUPLN
([RWKHUPLF
&
(NVRWHUPLN
(QGRWKHUPLF
'
(QGRWHUPLN

68/,7

68/,7

'LDJUDPVKRZVWKHVWUXFWXUDOIRUPXODRIDQRUJDQLFFRPSRXQG
5DMDKPHQXQMXNNDQIRUPXODVWUXNWXUEDJLVDWXVHEDWLDQRUJDQLN

'LDJUDP
5DMDK

:KDWLVWKH,83$&QDPHIRUWKLVFRPSRXQG"
$SDNDKQDPD,83$&EDJLVHEDWLDQLQL"

$ SHQWHQH
SHQWHQD
% PHWK\OEXWHQH
PHWLOEXWHQD
& PHWK\OEXWHQH
PHWLOEXWHQD
' PHWK\OEXWHQH
PHWLOEXWHQD

:KLFKRIWKHIROORZLQJVKRZVWKHFRUUHFWW\SHRISDUWLFOHIRUHDFKVXEVWDQFH"
$QWDUDEHULNXW\DQJPDQDNDKPHQXQMXNNDQMHQLV]DUDK\DQJEHWXOEDJLVHWLDSEDKDQ"

$WRP 0ROHFXOH
Atom Molekul
$ &DUERQ &DUERQGLR[LGH
.DUERQ .DUERQGLRNVLGD

% 6XOSKXUGLR[LGH 6XOSKXULFDFLG
6XOIXUGLRNVLGD $VLGVXOIXULN

& 6RGLXP 6RGLXPFKORULGH
1DWULXP 1DWULXPNORULGD

' 6LOLFRQGLR[LGH 6LOLFRQ
6LOLNRQGLRNVLGD 6LOLNRQ

68/,7

68/,7

'LDJUDPVKRZVWKHVHWXSRIDSSDUDWXVWRGHWHUPLQHWKHHPSLULFDOIRUPXODRIDPHWDO
R[LGH
5DMDKPHQXQMXNNDQVXVXQDQUDGDVXQWXNPHQHQWXNDQVDWXIRUPXODHPSLULNORJDP
RNVLGD

0HWDO
/RJDP

'LDJUDP
5DMDK

:KLFKRIWKHIROORZLQJPHWDOLVVXLWDEOHWREHXVHGLQWKHH[SHULPHQW"
$QWDUDORJDPEHULNXW\DQJPDQDNDKVHVXDLGLJXQDNDQGDODPHNVSHULPHQLWX"

$ /HDG
3OXPEXP
% &RSSHU
.XSUXP
& $OXPLQLXP
$OXPLQLXP
' 6WDQXP
7LQ

'LDJUDPVKRZVD3HULRGLF7DEOHZLWKIRXUHOHPHQWVUHSUHVHQWHGE\OHWWHUV$%&DQG
':KLFKRIWKHVHHOHPHQWVKDVDQHOHFWURQDUUDQJHPHQWRI"

5DMDKPHQXQMXNNDQHPSDWXQVXU\DQJGLZDNLOLROHK$%&GDQ'GDODP-DGXDO%HUNDOD
$QWDUDXQVXUEHULNXW\DQJPDQDNDKPHPSXQ\DLVXVXQDQHOHNWURQ"

$ '
&
%

'LDJUDP
5DMDK

68/,7

68/,7

:KDWLRQVDUHSUHVHQWLQVRGLXPVXOSKDWHVROXWLRQ"
$SDNDKLRQLRQ\DQJKDGLUGDODPODUXWDQQDWULXPVXOIDW"

$ 1D62
% 1D6+2+
& 1D62+2
' 1D62+2+

&RSSHU,, VXOSKDWH VROXWLRQ LV HOHFWURO\VHG XVLQJ FRSSHU HOHFWURGHV :KDW FDQ EH
REVHUYHGDWWKHDQRGHDQGFDWKRGHDIWHUPLQXWHV"

/DUXWDQNXSUXP,,VXOIDWGLHOHNWUROLVLVNDQPHQJJXQDNDQHOHNWURGNXSUXP$SDNDK\DQJ
GLSHUKDWLNDQSDGDDQRGGDQNDWRGVHOHSDVPLQLW"

$QRGH &DWKRGH
Anod Katod
$ &RSSHUSODWHEHFRPHVWKLQQHU &RSSHUSODWHEHFRPHVWKLFNHU
3ODWNXSUXPPHQMDGLQLSLV 3ODWNXSUXPPHQMDGLWHEDO
% &RSSHUSODWHEHFRPHVWKLQQHU *DVEXEEOHVDUHUHOHDVHG
3ODWNXSUXPPHQMDGLQLSLV *HOHPEXQJJHOHPEXQJJDVWHUEHEDV
& &RSSHUSODWHEHFRPHVWKLFNHU &RSSHUSODWHEHFRPHVWKLQQHU
3ODWNXSUXPPHQMDGLWHEDO 3ODWNXSUXPPHQMDGLQLSLV
' *DVEXEEOHVDUHUHOHDVHG &RSSHUSODWHEHFRPHVWKLFNHU
*HOHPEXQJJHOHPEXQJJDVWHUEHEDV 3ODWNXSUXPPHQMDGLWHEDO

68/,7

68/,7

:KLFKRIWKHIROORZLQJSURSHUWLHVLVWUXHDERXWDONDOL"
$QWDUDEHULNXW\DQJPDQDNDKbenarWHQWDQJDONDOL"

, 6ROXEOHLQZDWHU
/DUXWGDODPDLU
,, $ONDOLLVQRWFRUURVLYH
$ONDOLWLGDNPHQJKDNLV
,,, &KDQJHVUHGOLWPXVSDSHUWREOXH
0HQXNDUNDQZDUQDNHUWDVOLWPXVPHUDKNHELUX
,9 +DVS+PRUHWKDQ
0HPSXQ\DLQLODLS+OHELKGDULSDGD

$ ,,,DQG,,,
,,,GDQ,,,
% ,,,DQG,9
,,,GDQ,9
& ,,,,DQG,9
,,,,GDQ,9
' ,,,,,DQG,9
,,,,,GDQ,9

:KLFKRIWKHIROORZLQJVXEVWDQFHVDUHVXLWDEOHWRSUHSDUHFRSSHU,,FKORULGH"
$QWDUDEDKDQEHULNXW\DQJPDQDNDKVHVXDLXQWXNPHQ\HGLDNDQNXSUXP,,NORULGD"

, &RSSHUPHWDODQGK\GURFKORULFDFLG
/RJDPNXSUXPGDQDVLGKLGURNORULN
,, &RSSHU,,QLWUDWHDQGVRGLXPFKORULGH

.XSUXP,,QLWUDWGDQQDWULXPNORULGD
,,, &RSSHU,,R[LGHDQGK\GURFKORULFDFLG
.XSUXP,,RNVLGDGDQDVLGKLGURNORULN
,9 &RSSHU,,FDUERQDWHDQGK\GURFKORULFDFLG
.XSUXP,,NDUERQDWGDQDVLGKLGURNORULN

$ ,DQG,,
,GDQ,,
% ,,,DQG,9
,,,GDQ,9
& ,,,,DQG,9
,,,,GDQ,9
' ,,,,,,DQG,9
,,,,,,GDQ,9

68/,7

68/,7

'LDJUDPVKRZVWKHVWUXFWXUDOIRUPXODRIDSRO\PHU
5DMDKPHQXQMXNNDQIRUPXODVWUXNWXUVDWXSROLPHU

+&++&++&+

&&&±&&&

++++++

'LDJUDP
5DMDK

:KLFKRIWKHIROORZLQJLVWKHVWUXFWXUDOIRUPXODIRULWVPRQRPHU"
$QWDUDEHULNXW\DQJPDQDNDKIRUPXODVWUXNWXUEDJLPRQRPHUQ\D"

++

$ &+±&±&±+

++

% +±& &±&+

++

& +±& &±+

&+&+

+
'
+±& &±&±+

&+++

68/,7

68/,7

'LDJUDPVKRZWKHDSSDUDWXVVHWXSXVHGWRVWXG\WKHUDWHRIUHDFWLRQRIFDOFLXP
FDUERQDWHDQGK\GURFKORULFDFLG
5DMDKPHQXQMXNNDQVXVXQDQUDGDVXQWXNPHQJNDMLNDGDUWLQGDNEDODVDQWDUDNDOVLXP
NDUERQDWGHQJDQDVLGKLGURNORULN

'LDJUDP
5DMDK

7KHUDWHRIWKHDERYHUHDFWLRQFDQEHLQFUHDVHGE\
.DGDUEDJLWLQGDNEDODVGLDWDVEROHKGLWLQJNDWNDQGHQJDQ

$ *ULQGLQJWKHPDUEOHFKLSV
0HQXPEXNKDOXVNDOVLXPNDUERQDW
% /RZHULQJWKHWHPSHUDWXUHRIK\GURFKORULFDFLG
0HQXUXQNDQVXKXDVLGKLGURNORULN
& 8VLQJDODUJHUIODVN
0HQJJXQDNDQNHODODQJ\DQJOHELKEHVDU
' $GGLQJZDWHUWRK\GURFKORULFDFLG
0HQDPEDKNDQDLUNHGDODPDVLG

68/,7

68/,7

'LDJUDPVKRZVWKHDSSDUDWXVVHWXSWRGHWHUPLQHWKHSRVLWLRQRIFDUERQLQWKH
5HDFWLYLW\6HULHVRI0HWDOV
5DMDKPHQXQMXNNDQVXVXQDQUDGDVXQWXNPHQHQWXNDQNHGXGXNDQNDUERQGDODP6LUL
.HUHDNWLIDQ/RJDP

'LDJUDP
5DMDK

([FHVVFDUERQSRZGHULVPL[HGWKRURXJKO\ZLWKWKHSRZGHUR[LGHRIPHWDO3DQGWKHQ
KHDWHGVWURQJO\7KHH[SHULPHQWLVUHSHDWHGZLWKR[LGHVRIPHWDOV4DQG57KHIROORZLQJ
REVHUYDWLRQVDUHREWDLQHG
6HUEXNNDUERQ\DQJEHUOHELKDQGLJDXOUDWDEHUVDPDGHQJDQVHUEXNRNVLGDORJDP3GDQ
VHWHUXVQ\DGLSDQDVNDQGHQJDQNXDW(NVSHULPHQGLXODQJPHQJJXQDNDQRNVLGDORJDP3
GDQRNVLGDORJDP53HPHUKDWLDQEHULNXWGLSHUROHKL

0L[WXUHCampuran 2EVHUYDWLRQPemerhatian
&DUERQ3PHWDOR[LGH %XUQVEULJKWO\JUH\SRZGHULVIRUPHG
.DUERQRNVLGDORJDP3 0HQ\DODGHQJDQWHUDQJVHUEXNNHODEXWHUKDVLO
&DUERQ4PHWDOR[LGH *ORZVIDLQWO\JUH\SRZGHULVIRUPHG
.DUERQRNVLGDORJDP4 0HPEDUDGHQJDQPDODSVHUEXNNHODEXWHUKDVLO
&DUERQ5PHWDOR[LGH 1RFKDQJH

.DUERQRNVLGDORJDP5 7LDGDSHUXEDKDQ
7KHSRVLWLRQRIFDUERQZLWKUHVSHFWWRWKHPHWDOV34DQG5LQWKHUHDFWLYLW\VHULHVRIPHWDO
LQGHVFHQGLQJRUGHULV
.HGXGXNDQNDUERQEHUEDQGLQJORJDPORJDP34GDQ5GDODP6LUL.HUHDNWLIDQ/RJDP
GDODPWXUXWDQPHQXUXQLDODK

$ 345&DUERQ

% 34&DUERQ5

& &DUERQ543

' 5&DUERQ43

68/,7

68/,7

$FDUERQFRPSRXQG4KDVWKHFKDUDFWHULVWLFVEHORZ
&RORXUOHVVWKHEURZQFRORXURIEURPLQHZDWHU
&RORXUOHVVWKHSXUSOHFRORXURIDFLGLILHGSRWDVVLXPPDQJDQDWH9,,

:KDWLV4"
$ +H[DQH
KHNVDQD
% +H[HQH
KHNVHQD
& (WKDQRLFDFLG
$VLGHWDQRLN
' (WK\OHWKDQRDWH
(WLOHWDQRDW

'LDJUDPVKRZVDQHQHUJ\OHYHOGLDJUDPIRUWKHGLVSODFHPHQWUHDFWLRQ
5DMDKPHQXQMXNNDQUDMDKDUDVWHQDJDEDJLVDWXWLQGDNEDODVSHQ\HVDUDQ

(QHUJ\
0J&X

¨+ [N-PRO

&X0J

'LDJUDP
5DMDK

:KLFKVWDWHPHQWFDQEHGHGXFHGIURPWKH'LDJUDP"
3HUQ\DWDDQPDQDNDK\DQJEROHKGLUXPXVNDQGDULSDGD5DMDK"

$ 7KHKHDWRIGLVSODFHPHQWLV[N-PRO
+DEDSHQ\HVDUDQLDODK[N-PRO
% [N-RIHQHUJ\LVQHHGHGIRUWKHUHDFWLRQ
[N-WHQDJDGLSHUOXNDQXQWXNWLQGDNEDODVLQL
& 7KHSURGXFWVFRQWDLQPRUHHQHUJ\WKDQWKHUHDFWDQWV
+DVLOWLQGDNEDODVPHQJDQGXQJLOHELKEDQ\DNWHQDJDGDULSDGDEDKDQWLQGDNEDODV
' 7KHWHPSHUDWXUHDWWKHHQGRIWKHUHDFWLRQLVORZHUWKDQWKDWDWWKHEHJLQQLQJRIWKH
UHDFWLRQ
6XKXDNKLUWLQGDNEDODVOHELKUHQGDKGDULSDGDVXKXDZDOWLQGDNEDODV

68/,7

68/,7

:K\GHWHUJHQWVPRUHHIIHFWLYHWKDQVRDSV"
.HQDSDNDKGHWHUJHQOHELKEHUNHVDQEHUEDQGLQJGHQJDQVDEXQ"
$ 'HWHUJHQWVDUHELRGHJUDGDEOHZKHUHDVVRDSVDUHQRQELRGHJUDGEOH
'HWHUJHQEROHKWHUELRGHJUDGDVLPDQDNDODVDEXQWLGDNWHUELRGHJUDGDVL
% 'HWHUJHQWVUHGXFHWKHVXUIDFHWHQVLRQRIZDWHUZKHUHDVVRDSVGRQRW
'HWHUJHQ PHUHQGDKNDQ NHWHJDQJDQ SHUPXNDDQ DLU PDQDNDOD VDEXQ WLGDN
PHUHQGDKNDQNHWHJDQJDQSHUPXNDDQDLU
& 'HWHUJHQWVGRQRWIRUPVFXPLQKDUGZDWHUZKHUHDVVRDSVIRUPVFXP
'HWHUJHQWLGDNPHPEHQWXNNHNDWGLGDODPDLUOLDWPDQDNDODVDEXQPHPEHQWXN
NHNDW
' 'HWHUJHQWVDUHVROXEOHLQJUHDVHZKHUHDVVRDSVDUHLQVROXEOHLQJUHDVH
'HWHUJHQODUXWGDODPJULVPDQDNDODVDEXQWLGDNODUXWGDODPJULV

7DEOHVKRZVWKHQXPEHURIQHXWURQVIRUEURPLQHLVRWRSHV
-DGXDOPHQXQMXNNDQELODQJDQQHXWURQEDJLLVRWRSLVRWRSEURPLQ

,VRWRSH 1XPEHURIQHXWURQV
Isotop Bilangan neutron
%URPLQH
%URPLQH ;
7DEOH
-DGXDO

:KDWLVWKHYDOXHRI["
$SDNDKQLODL["

$
%
&
'

68/,7

68/,7

,QDQH[SHULPHQWJRIHOHPHQW;UHDFWZLWKJVXOSKXUWRIRUPDFRPSRXQG
:KDWLVWKHHPSLULFDOIRUPXODRIWKDWFRPSRXQG"
>5HODWLYHDWRPLFPDVV; 6 @

'DODPVDWXHNVSHULPHQGLGDSDWLJXQVXU;EHUWLQGDNEDODVGHQJDQVXOIXUPHPEHQWXN
VHEDWLDQ
$SDNDKIRUPXODHPSLULNVHEDWLDQLWX"
>-LVLPDWRPUHODWLI; 6 @

$ ;6

% ;6

& ;6

' ;6

(OHPHQW;LVEHORZSRWDVVLXPLQWKH3HULRGLF7DEOH:HFDQSUHGLFWWKDW
8QVXU;EHUDGDGLEDZDKNDOLXPGDODP-DGXDO%HUNDOD%ROHKGLUDPDONDQEDKDZD

$ (OHPHQW;LVOHVVHOHFWURSRVLWLYHWKDQSRWDVVLXP
8QVXU;DGDODKNXUDQJHOHNWURSRVLWLIGDULSDGDNDOLXP
% 7KHVL]HRIDWRP;LVVPDOOHUWKDQSRWDVVLXP
6DL]DWRP;DGDODKOHELKNHFLOGDULSDGDNDOLXP
& $WRPRIHOHPHQW;KDVPRUHYDOHQFHHOHFWURQVWKDQSRWDVVLXP
$WRPXQVXU;PHPSXQ\DLOHELKEDQ\DNELODQJDQHOHNWURQYDOHQVGDULSDGDNDOLXP
' (OHPHQW;UHDFWVPRUHYLJRURXVO\WKDQSRWDVVLXPLQR[\JHQ
8QVXU;EHUWLQGDNEDODVOHELKFHUJDVEHUEDQGLQJNDOLXPGDODPRNVLJHQ

:KLFKVWDWHPHQWH[SODLQVZK\LRQLFFRPSRXQGKDVKLJKPHOWLQJSRLQW"
3HUQ\DWDDQPDQDNDKPHQHUDQJNDQPHQJDSDVHEDWLDQLRQPHPSXQ\DLWDNDWOHEXU\DQJ
WLQJJL"

$ &RYDOHQWERQGEHWZHHQDWRPVLVVWURQJ
,NDWDQNRYDOHQDQWDUDDWRPDWRPDGDODKNXDW
% (OHFWURVWDWLFIRUFHEHWZHHQLRQVLVVWURQJ
'D\DHOHNWURVWDWLNDQWDUDLRQLRQDGDODKNXDW
& 7KHUHDUHIUHHPRYLQJLRQVLQWKHFRPSRXQG
7HUGDSDWLRQLRQ\DQJEHEDVEHUJHUDNGDODPVHEDWLDQLWX
' 0RUHHQHUJ\LVQHHGHGWRRYHUFRPHWKHIRUFHVEHWZHHQPROHFXOHV
/HELKWHQDJDGLSHUOXNDQXQWXNPHQJDWDVLGD\DDQWDUDPROHNXO

68/,7

68/,7

7DEOHVKRZVWKHREVHUYDWLRQRIHOHFWURO\VLVRIDVXEVWDQFHXVLQJFDUERQHOHFWURGH
-DGXDOPHQXQMXNNDQSHPHUKDWLDQEDJLHOHNWUROLVLVVXDWXEDKDQPHQJJXQDNDQHOHNWURG
NDUERQ

(OHFWURGH 2EVHUYDWLRQ
Elektrod Pemerhatian
$QRGH $JUHHQLVK\HOORZJDVUHOHDVHG
$QRG *DVEHUZDUQDNXQLQJNHKLMDXDQWHUEHEDV
&DWKRGH $FRORUOHVVJDVZKLFKEXUQVZLWKDµSRS¶VRXQGLVUHOHDVHG
.DWRG *DV\DQJWLGDNEHUZDUQDGDQWHUEDNDUGHQJDQEXQ\LSRSWHUEHEDV

7DEOH
-DGXDO
7KHHOHFWURO\WHPD\EH
(OHNWUROLWLWXPXQJNLQ
$ 'LOXWHK\GURFKORULFDFLG
$VLGKLGURNORULNFDLU
% &RQFHQWUDWHGSRWDVVLXPFKORULGHVROXWLRQ
/DUXWDQNDOLXPNORULGDSHNDW
& &RSSHU,,FKORULGHVROXWLRQ
/DUXWDQNXSUXP,,NORULGD
' &RQFHQWUDWHGPDJQHVLXPEURPLGHVROXWLRQ
/DUXWDQPDJQHVLXPEURPLGDSHNDW

$FLG UDLQ FDXVHV WKH ODQG WR EHFRPH DFLGLF )DUPHUV QHXWUDOL]H DFLGLW\ LQ WKH VRLO E\
DGGLQJ
+XMDQ DVLG PHQ\HEDENDQ WDQDK PHQMDGL EHUDVLG 3HWDQL PHQHXWUDONDQ NHDVLGDQ WDQDK
GHQJDQPHQDPEDKNDQ

$ /LPH
.DSXU
% 6XOSKXU
6XOIXU
& =LQFQLWUDWH
=LQNQLWUDW
' $PPRQLXPVXOSKDWH
$PPRQLXPVXOIDW

68/,7

68/,7

'LDJUDPVKRZVWKHDSSDUDWXVVHWXSIRUWKHKHDWLQJVDOW-
5DMDKPHQXQMXNNDQVXVXQDQUDGDVEDJLSHPDQDVDQJDUDP-

-

/LPHZDWHU

$LUNDSXU
'LDJUDP
5DMDK

:KHQ-LVKHDWHGWKHOLPHZDWHUEHFRPHPLON\DQGWKHKRWUHVLGXHLVEURZQEXWWXUQV
\HOORZRQFRROLQJ
:KDWLV-"

$SDELOD-GLSDQDVNDQDLUNDSXUPHQMDGLNHUXKGDQEDNLSDQDVEHUZDUQDSHUDQJWHWDSL
EHUXEDKNXQLQJVHPDVDVHMXN
$SDNDK-"

$ /HDG,,R[LGH
3OXPEXP,,R[LGH
% =LQFFDUERQDWH
=LQNNDUERQDW
& /HDG,,FDUERQDWH
3OXPEXP,,NDUERQDW
' /HDG,,QLWDUWH
3OXPEXP,,QLWUDW

68/,7

68/,7

$VXEVWDQFHKDVWKHIROORZLQJSURSHUWLHV
6XDWXEDKDQPHPSXQ\DLFLULFLULEHULNXW

+DUGDQGRSDTXH
.HUDVGDQWLGDNOXWFDKD\D
*RRGLQVXODWRURIKHDWDQGHOHFWULFLW\
3HQHEDWKDEDGDQHOHNWULN\DQJEDLN

,QHUWWRZDUGVFKHPLFDOV
/HQJDLWHUKDGDSEDKDQNLPLD

:KLFKRIIROORZLQJVXEVWDQFHVKDVWKHDERYHSURSHUWLHV"
$QWDUDEDKDQEDKDQEHULNXW\DQJPDQDNDKPHPSXQ\DLFLULFLULVHSHUWLGLDWDV"

$ &HUDPLFV
6HUDPLN
% *ODVV
.DFD
& 0HWDO
/RJDP
' 3RO\PHU
3ROLPHU

7DEOHVKRZVWKHYROXPHRIR[\JHQJDVUHOHDVHGIURPWKHGHFRPSRVLWLRQRIK\GURJHQ
SHUR[LGH
-DGXDOPHQXQMXNNDQLVLSDGXJDVRNVLJHQ\DQJWHUEHEDVGDULSDGDSHQJXUDLDQ
KLGURJHQSHURNVLGD

7LPHPLQXWH

Masa / minit
9ROXPHRIJDVFP

Isipadu gas / FP
7DEOH
-DGXDO

:KDWLVWKHDYHUDJHUDWHRIGHFRPSRVLWLRQRIK\GURJHQSHUR[LGHIRUWKHILUVWIRXU
PLQXWHV"
%HUDSDNDKNDGDUSHQJXUDLDQKLGURJHQSHURNVLGDEDJLHPSDWPLQLW\DQJSHUWDPD"

$ FPPLQ±
% FPPLQ±
& FPPLQ±
' FPPLQ±
68/,7

68/,7

:KLFKRIWKHIROORZLQJDUHLVRPHUVRISHQWDQH
$QWDUDEHULNXW\DQJPDQDNDKPHUXSDNDQLVRPHUEDJLSHQWDQD

++++
____
, +±&±&±&±& &±+
____
++++

+++
___
,, +±&±& &±&±+
__
++
+±&±+
_
+

++++
____
,,, +±&±&±&±&±+
___
+++
+±&±+
_
+

+
_
,9 +±&±+
++
__
+±&±&±&±+
__
++
+±&±+
_
+
$ ,DQG,,
,GDQ,,
% ,DQG,,,
,GDQ,,,
& ,,,DQG,9
,,,GDQ,9
' ,,,,,DQG,9
,,,,,GDQ,9
68/,7

68/,7

:KLFKRIWKHIROORZLQJHTXDWLRQVUHSUHVHQWDUHGR[UHDFWLRQ"
$QWDUDSHUVDPDDQEHULNX\DQJPDQDNDKPHZDNLOLWLQGDNEDODVUHGRN"

, &X2+62ĺ&X62+2
,, +&O=Qĺ=Q&O+
,,, $J&Oĺ$J&O
,9 &O,ĺ&O,
$ ,DQG,,
,GDQ,,
% ,,DQG,9
,,GDQ9
& ,DQG,,,
,GDQ,,,
' ,,,DQG,9
,,,GDQ,9

&DUERQEXUQVLQR[\JHQLQDUHDFWLRQDVVKRZQLQWKHHTXDWLRQEHORZ
.DUERQWHUEDNDUGDODPRNVLJHQVHSHUWLGLWXQMXNNDQGDODPSHUVDPDDQGLEDZDK

&V2JÆ&2JŸ+ N-PRO
:KDWLVWKHPDVVRIFDUERQWKDWPXVWEHEXUQWFRPSOHWHO\WRSURGXFHN-RIKHDW"
%HUDSDNDKMLVLPNDUERQ\DQJPHVWLWHUEDNDUXQWXNPHQJKDVLONDQN-KDED"

$ J
% J
& J
' J

:KLFKRIWKHIROORZLQJFDQEHXVHGWRFXUHKHDGDFKHV"
$QWDUDEHULNXW\DQJPDQDNDKGDSDWGLJXQDXQWXNPHUDZDWVDNLWNHSDOD"

$ &RUWLVRQH
.RUWLVRQ
% 6WUHSWRP\FLQ
6WUHSWRPLVLQ
& 3DUDFHWDPRO
3DUDVHWDPRO
' %DUELWXUDWHV
%DUELWXUDW

68/,7

68/,7

'LDJUDPVKRZVWKHHOHFWURQDUUDQJHPHQWRID*LRQ
5DMDKPHQXQMXNNDQVXVXQDQHOHNWURQEDJLVXDWXLRQ*

'LDJUDP
5DMDK

*LRQFRQWDLQVQHXWURQV
:KDWLVWKHQXFOHRQQXPEHURIDWRP*"
,RQ*PHQJDQGXQJLQHXWURQ
$SDNDKQRPERUQXNOHRQDWRP*"

$
%
&
'

7KHIROORZLQJHTXDWLRQVKRZVWKHGHFRPSRVLWLRQUHDFWLRQRIOHDG,,QLWUDWHZKHQKHDWHG
DWURRPWHPSHUDWXUHDQGSUHVVXUH
3HUVDPDDQEHULNXWPHQXQMXNNDQWLQGDNEDODVSHQJXUDLDQSOXPEXP,,QLWUDWDSDELOD
GLSDQDVNDQSDGDVXKXGDQWHNDQDQELOLN

3E123E2122

:KLFKRIWKHIROORZLQJLVWUXHZKHQPRORIOHDG,,QLWUDWHLVGHFRPSRVHG"
>5HODWLYHIRUPXODPDVV3E2 DQGPROJDVRFFXSLHVWKHYROXPHRIGPDW
URRPWHPSHUDWXUHDQGSUHVVXUH@
$QWDUD\DQJEHULNXW\DQJPDQDNDKEHQDUDSDELODPROSOXPEXP,,QLWUDWWHUXUDL"
>-LVLPIRUPXODUHODWLI3E2 GDQPROJDVPHQHSDWLLVLSDGXVHEDQ\DNGP
SDGDVXKXGDQWHNDQDQELOLN@
$ JRIOHDG,,R[LGHLVIRUPHG
JSOXPEXP,,RNVLGDWHUEHQWXN
% FPRIQLWURJHQGLR[LGHLVJLYHQRII
FPJDVQLWURJHQGLRNVLGDWHUEHEDV
& GPRIR[\JHQJDVHVLVJLYHQRII
GPJDVRNVLJHQWHUEHEDV
' JRIOHDG,,R[LGHLVIRUPHG
JSOXPEXP,,RNVLGDWHUEHQWXN
68/,7

68/,7

7KHUDWHRIFDWDO\WLFGHFRPSRVLWLRQRIFPRIPROGPRIK\GURJHQSHUR[LGHLV
VKRZQLQFXUYH4
.DGDUSHQJXUDLDQEHUPDQJNLQFPPROGPKLGURJHQSHURNVLGDGLWXQMXNNDQ
VHEDJDLOHQJNXQJ4

7LPHPLQ

:KLFKRIWKHIROORZLQJFKDQJHVWRWKHH[SHULPHQWZLOOSURGXFHFXUYH3"
<DQJPDQDVDWXNDKSHUXEDKDQWHUKDGDSHNVSHULPHQEHULNXW\DQJPHQJKDVLONDQ
OHQJNXQJ3"

$ &RROWKHK\GURJHQSHUR[LGHVROXWLRQWRORZHUWHPSHUDWXUH
6HMXNNDQODUXWDQKLGURJHQSHURNVLGDNHVXKX\DQJOHELKUHQGDK

% 5HSHDWWKHH[SHULPHQWE\XVLQJFPRIPROGPRIK\GURJHQSHUR[LGH
VROXWLRQ
8ODQJHNVSHULPHQGHQJDQPHQJJXQDNDQFPPROGPODUXWDQKLGURJHQ
SHURNVLGD

& 5HSHDWWKHH[SHULPHQWE\XVLQJFPRIPROGPRIK\GURJHQSHUR[LGH
VROXWLRQ
8ODQJHNVSHULPHQGHQJDQPHQJJXQDNDQFPPROGPODUXWDQKLGURJHQ
SHURNVLGD

' $GGLQJPRUHFDWDO\VWWRWKHFPRIPROGPRIK\GURJHQSHUR[LGHVROXWLRQ
7DPEDKOHELKEDQ\DNPDQJNLQNHSDGDFPPROGPODUXWDQKLGURJHQ
SHURNVLGD

68/,7

68/,7

7DEOHVKRZVWKHUHVXOWRIDQH[SHULPHQWIRUWKUHHVLPSOHYROWDLFFHOOV
-DGXDOPHQXQMXNNDQNHSXWXVDQVXDWXHNVSHULPHQEDJLWLJDVHOULQJNDV
3RVLWLYHWHUPLQDO 1HJDWLYHWHUPLQDO 9ROWDJH9
: ;
< ;
; =
7DEOH
-DGXDO
7KHDUUDQJHPHQWRIWKHPHWDOVLQWKHHOHFWURFKHPLFDOVHULHVLQGHVFHQGLQJRUGHURI
HOHFWURSRVLWLYLW\LV
6XVXQDQORJDPORJDPPHQJLNXWNHHOHNWURSRVLWLIDQGDODPVLULHOHNWURNLPLDPHQJLNXW
XUXWDQPHQXUXQDGDODK

$ :=;<
% <:;=
& <:=;
' =;:<

68/,7

68/,7

'LDJUDPVKRZVWKHVWDQGDUGUHSUHVHQWDWLRQIRUWKHDWRPVRIWZRHOHPHQWV;DQG<
5DMDKPHQXQMXNNDQSHUZDNLODQSLDZDLDWRPEDJLGXDXQVXU;GDQ<

; <

'LDJUDP
5DMDK

:KLFKRIWKHIROORZLQJUHSUHVHQWVWKHHOHFWURQDUUDQJHPHQWIRUDFRPSRXQGIRUPHG
ZKHQHOHPHQW;UHDFWVZLWKHOHPHQW<"
$QWDUDEHULNXW\DQJPDQDNDKPHZDNLOLVXVXQDQHOHNWURQEDJLVDWXVHEDWLDQ\DQJ
WHUEHQWXNDSDELODXQVXU;EHUWLQGDNEDODVGHQJDQXQVXU<"

$

%

&

'

68/,7

68/,7

7KHHTXDWLRQUHSUHVHQWVDQHXWUDOLVDWLRQUHDFWLRQ
3HUVDPDDQPHZDNLOLVDWXWLQGDNEDODVSHQHXWUDODQ

+12%D2+ĺ%D12+2

FP RI EDULXP K\GUR[LGH VROXWLRQ PRO GP LV WLWUDWHG ZLWK QLWULF DFLG
PROGP,IWKHLQLWLDOUHDGLQJRIWKHEXUHWWHLVFPZKDWLVWKHILQDOUHDGLQJ
RIWKHEXUHWWH"
FP ODUXWDQ EDULXP KLGURNVLGD PRO GP GLWLWUDW GHQJDQ DVLG QLWULN
PROGP-LNDEDFDDQDZDOEXUHWLDODKFPEHUDSDNDKEDFDDQDNKLUEXUHW"

$ FP
% FP
& FP
' FP

7KHIROORZLQJHTXDWLRQVKRZVWKHUHDFWLRQEHWZHHQVLOYHUQLWUDWHDQGVRGLXPFKORULGH
3HUVDPDDQ EHULNXW PHQXQMXNNDQ WLQGDN EDODV DQWDUD DUJHQWXP QLWUDW GDQ QDWULXP
NORULGD

$J12DT1D&ODT ĺ $J&OV1D12DT

:KDW LVWKHPDVVRIWKHLQVROXEOHVDOWSURGXFHGZKHQFPPROGPVLOYHUQLWUDWH
UHDFWVZLWKFPPROGPVRGLXPFKORULGH"
>5HDOWLYHDWRPLFPDVV1 2 1D &O $J @

%HUDSDNDK MLVLP JDUDP WDNODUXW \DQJ WHUKDVLO DSDELOD FP PRO GP DUJHQWXP
QLWUDWEHUWLQGDNEDODVFPPROGPQDWULXPNORULGD"
>-LVLPDWRPUHODWLI1 2 1D &O $J @

$ J
% J
& J
' J

68/,7

68/,7

:KLFKRIWKHIROORZLQJUHDFWLRQVQHHGVDFDWDO\VWIRUWKHSURGXFWLRQRIVXOSKXULFDFLGE\
&RQWDFW3URFHVV"
$QWDUDWLQGDNEDODVEHULNXW\DQJPDQDNDKPHPHUOXNDQPDQJNLQXQWXNSHQJKDVLODQDVLG
VXOIXULNPHODOXL3URVHV6HQWXK"
$ 62ĺ62
% 622ĺ62
& 62+62ĺ+62
' +62+2ĺ+62

7KHIROORZLQJLQIRUPDWLRQVKRZVWKHHIIHFWRIDSDUWLFXODUIDFWRURQWKHUDWHRIUHDFWLRQ
0DNOXPDWEHULNXWPHQXQMXNNDQNHVDQVXDWXIDNWRU\DQJPHPSHQJDUXKLNDGDUWLQGDN
EDODV

3DUWLFOHVKDYHKLJKNLQHWLFHQHUJ\
=DUDKPHPSXQ\DLWHQDJDNLQHWLN\DQJWLQJJL

1XPEHUVRISDUWLFOHVZLWKDFWLYDWLRQHQHUJ\LQFUHDVHV
%LODQJDQ]DUDK\DQJPHPSXQ\DLWHQDJDSHQJDNWLIDQEHUWDPEDK

)UHTXHQF\RIFROOLVLRQEHWZHHQSDUWLFOHVLQFUHDVHV
)UHNXHQVLSHUODQJJDUDQDQWDUD]DUDKEHUWDPEDK

)UHTXHQF\RIHIIHFWLYHFROOLVLRQLQFUHDVHV
)UHNXHQVLSHUODQJJDUDQHIHNWLIEHUWDPEDK

:KLFKRIWKHIROORZLQJFDQFDXVHWKHDERYHHIIHFW"
0DQDNDKDQWDUDEHULNXWPHPEHULNDQNHVDQVHSHUWLGLDWDV"

$ ,QFUHDVLQJWRWDOVXUIDFHDUHDRIUHDFWDQWV
0HQDPEDKMXPODKOXDVSHUPXNDDQEDKDQWLQGDNEDODV
% ,QFUHDVLQJWKHFRQFHQWUDWLRQRIUHDFWDQWV
0HQDPEDKNHSHNDWDQEDKDQWLQGDNEDODV
& $GGLQJDFDWDO\VW
0HQDPEDKPDQJNLQ
' ,QFUHDVLQJWHPSHUDWXUHRIUHDFWDQWV
0HQDLNNDQVXKXEDKDQWLQGDNEDODV

68/,7

68/,7

'LDJUDPVKRZVWKHDSSDUDWXVDUUDQJHPHQWWRLQYHVWLJDWHWKHR[LGDWLRQDQGUHGXFWLRQ
LQWHUPVRIWKHWUDQVIHURIHOHFWURQDWDGLVWDQFH

5DMDKPHQXQMXNNDQVXVXQDQUDGDVEDJLPHQJNDMLSHQJRNVLGDDQGDQSHQXUXQDQ
EHUGDVDUNDQSHPLQGDKDQHOHNWURQSDGDVDWXMDUDN

*

&DUERQ3 &DUERQ4

,URQ,,VXOSKDWHVROXWLRQ %URPLQHZDWHU
/DUXWDQIHUXP,,VXOIDW $LUEURPLQ

6XOSKXULFDFLG
$VLGVXOIXULN

'LDJUDP
5DMDK

:KLFKRIWKHIROORZLQJUHSUHVHQWVWKHKDOIHTXDWLRQIRUUHDFWLRQRFFXUVDW3DQG4
HOHFWURGH
$QWDUD EHULNXW \DQJ PDQDNDK PHZDNLOL SHUVDPDDQ VHWHQJDK EDJL WLQGDN EDODV \DQJ
EHUODNXGLHOHNWURG3GDQ4

3 4
$ )HÆ)HH %UHÆ%U
% )HÆ)HH &HÆ&
& 62Æ62H %UHÆ%U
' )HÆ)HH %UÆ%UH

68/,7

68/,7

7KHIROORZLQJHTXDWLRQVKRZVDFRPEXVWLRQUHDFWLRQRQSURSDQRO"
3HUVDPDDQEHULNXWPHQXQMXNNDQWLQGDNEDODVSHPEDNDUDQSURSDQRO

Z&+2+[2 ĺ \&2]+2

:KDWDUHWKHYDOXHVRIZ[\DQG]"
$SDNDKQLODLZ[\GDQ]"

Z [ \ ]
$
%
&
'

(1'2)48(67,213$3(5
KERTAS SOALAN TAMAT
68/,7

1DPD7LQJNDWDQ

68/,7

&+(0,675<
.HUWDV
2JRV
òMDP

%$+$*,$13(1*8586$1
6(.2/$+%(5$65$0$3(18+'$16(.2/$+.(&(0(5/$1*$1
.(0(17(5,$13(/$-$5$10$/$<6,$

3(3(5,.6$$13(5&8%$$1
6,-,/3(/$-$5$10$/$<6,$

&+(0,675<
.HUWDV

'XDMDPWLJDSXOXKPLQLW

-$1*$1%8.$.(57$662$/$1,1,6(+,1**$',%(5,7$+8

7XOLV 1DPD GDQ 7LQJNDWDQ DQGD SDGD 8QWXN.HJXQDDQ3HPHULNVD
UXDQJDQ\DQJGLVHGLDNDQ
0DUNDK 0DUNDK
%DKDJLDQ 6RDODQ
.HUWDVVRDODQLQLDGDODKGDODPGZLEDKDVD
SHQXK GLSHUROHK

6RDODQGDODPEDKDVD,QJJHULVPHQGDKXOXL

VRDODQ\DQJVHSDGDQGDODPEDKDVD0HOD\X

$
&DORQ GLEHQDUNDQ PHQMDZDE NHVHOXUXKDQ
DWDX VHEDKDJLDQ VRDODQ VDPD DGD GDODP
EDKDVD,QJJHULVDWDXEDKDVD0HOD\X

5. &DORQ GLNHKHQGDNL PHPEDFD PDNOXPDW GL
KDODPDQEHODNDQJNHUWDVVRDODQLQL. %

&

-XPODK

7ULDO+DN&LSWD6HNRODK%HUDVUDPD3HQXK >/LKDWKDODPDQVHEHODK
68/,7
68/,7
6HFWLRQ$
Bahagian A

>PDUNV@
>PDUNDK@

$QVZHUDOOTXHVWLRQLQWKLVVHFWLRQ
-DZDEsemuaVRDODQGDODPEDKDJLDQLQL

7DEOH VKRZV WKH SDUWLFXODUV RI IRXU GLIIHUHQW W\SHV RI PDQXIDFWXUH VXEVWDQFHV LQ WKH
LQGXVWULHV
5DMDKPHQXQMXNNDQEXWLUDQWHQWDQJHPSDWMHQLVEDKDQEXDWDQGDODPLQGXVWUL

0DQXIDFWXUHG
SURGXFWV 1DPHRISURGXFWV &RPSRQHQWV
Bahan buatan Nama hasil Kompenan
FRSSHUDQG;
$OOR\ %UDVV
NXSUXPGDQ;
$ORL /R\DQJ

<VRGLXPR[LGHDQGOHDG
*ODVV /HDGJODVV
<QDWULXPRNVLGDGDQSOXPEXP
.DFD .DFDSOXPEXP

&RQFUHWHFHPHQWVDQGDQGVPDOO
5HLQIRUFHGFRQFUHWH SHEEOHVDQG=
&RPSRVLWHPDWHULDO
.RQNULW\DQJ .RQNULWVLPHQSDVLUGDQEDWX
%DKDQNRPSRVLW
GLSHUNXNXKNDQ NHULNLOGDQ=

YLQ\OFKORULGH
3RO\PHU
3 YLQLONORULGD
3ROLPHU

7DEOH
-DGXDO

D L 6WDWHWKHQDPHRIHOHPHQW;LQEUDVV
1\DWDNDQQDPDEDJLXQVXU;GDODPOR\DQJ

«««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««
>PDUN@

LL 'HVFULEHKRZWKHSUHVHQWRIHOHPHQW;LQFUHDVHVWKHKDUGQHVVRIEUDVV
7HUDQJNDQEDJDLPDQDNHKDGLUDQXQVXU;PHQLQJNDWNDQNHNHUDVDQOR\DQJ

«««««««««««««««««««««««««««

«««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««
>PDUNV@

68/,7
68/,7
LLL =LVDQH[DPSOHRIDQRWKHUDOOR\WKDWLVXVHGWRPDQXIDFWXUHUHLQIRUFHG
FRQFUHWH
:KDWLV="
=DGDODKVDWXFRQWRKODLQDORL\DQJGLJXQDNDQGDODPSHPEXDWDQNRQNULW
\DQJGLSHUNXNXKNDQ
$SDNDK="

«««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««
>PDUN@

E6XEVWDQFH<LVSDUWRIFRPSRQHQWVLQERURVLOLFDWHJODVV
%DKDQ<DGDODKVHEDKDJLDQGDULSDGDNRPSRQHQGDODPNDFDERURVLOLNDW

L 6WDWHWKHQDPHRIVXEVWDQFH<
1\DWDNDQQDPDEDJLEDKDQ<LWX

«««««««««««««««««««««««««««««
>PDUN@
LL %RURVLOLFDWHJODVVLVXVXDOO\XVHGDVODERUDWRU\JODVVZDUH
6WDWHRQHFKDUDFWHULVWLFRIERURVLOLFDWHJODVVFRPSDUHWRWKHRWKHUW\SHVRI
JODVVHV
.DFDERURVLOLNDWOD]LPQ\DGLJXQDNDQVHEDJDLSHUDODWDQPDNPDO
1\DWDNDQVDWXVLIDWNDFDERURVLOLNDWEHUEDQGLQJGHQJDQNDFDMHQLV\DQJODLQ

«««««««««««««««««««««««««««««
>PDUN@

F 7KHFKHPLFDOIRUPXODRIPRQRPHU3LV&+&O
)RUPXODNLPLDEDJLPRQRPHU3LDODK&+&O

L 'UDZWKHVWUXFWXUDOIRUPXODRIPRQRPHU3
/XNLVNDQIRUPXODVWUXNWXUEDJLPRQRPHU3

>PDUN@
LL 6WDWHWKHQDPHRIFRPSRXQG3
1\DWDNDQQDPDEDJLVHEDWLDQ3

«««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««
>PDUN@
LLL 6WDWHWKHQDPHRISURFHVVWKDWFKDQJHPRQRPHUWRSRO\PHU
1\DWDNDQQDPDEDJLSURVHVXQWXNPHQXNDUPRQRPHUNHSDGDSROLPHU

«««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««
>PDUN@

68/,7
68/,7
7DEOHVKRZVWKHHOHPHQWVLQSHULRGRIWKH3HULRGLF7DEOHRIHOHPHQWV
-DGXDOPHQXQMXNNDQXQVXUXQVXUGDODPNDODEDJL-DGXDO%HUNDOD8QVXU

(OHPHQW
1D 0J $O 6L 3 6 &O $U
8QVXU
3URWRQQXPEHU

1RPERUSURWRQ

7DEOH
-DGXDO

D :KDWLVPHDQWE\SHULRG"
$SDNDK\DQJGLPDNVXGNDQGHQJDQNDOD"

««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««
>PDUN@
E:K\WKHVHHOHPHQWVDUHSODFHLQSHULRG"
0HQJDSDNDKXQVXUXQVXULQLWHUOHWDNGDODPNDOD"

««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««
>PDUN@
F 6RGLXPDQGFKORULQHFDQUHDFWZLWKZDWHUWRIRUPDVROXWLRQ
1DWULXPGDQNORULQEROHKEHUWLQGDNEDODVGHQJDQDLUPHPEHQWXNVXDWXODUXWDQ

L :ULWHWKHFKHPLFDOHTXDWLRQIRUWKHUHDFWLRQRIFKORULQHZLWKZDWHULQ7DEOH
7XOLVSHUVDPDDQNLPLDEDJLWLQGDNEDODVNORULQGHQJDQDLUGDODP-DGXDO

>PDUNV@

&RORXUFKDQJHRIOLWPXVSDSHU
ZKHQGLSLQWRWKHVROXWLRQ
(OHPHQW &KHPLFDOHTXDWLRQ
3HUXEDKDQZDUQDNHUWDVOLWPXV
8QVXU 3HUVDPDDQNLPLD
DSDELODGLFHOXSNDQNHGDODP
ODUXWDQ
6RGLXP «««««««««««««
1D+2ĺ1D2++
1DWULXP
«««««««««««««
&KORULQH
«««««««««««««««« «««««««««««««
.ORULQ
«««««««««««««

7DEOH
-DGXDO

68/,7
68/,7
LL/LWPXVSDSHULVSODFHGLQWRWKHVROXWLRQIRUPHG
6WDWHWKHFRORXUFKDQJHRIWKHOLWPXVSDSHULQ7DEOH
.HUWDVOLWPXVGLPDVXNNDQNHGDODPODUXWDQ\DQJWHUKDVLO
1\DWDNDQSHUXEDKDQZDUQDNHUWDVOLWPXVGDODP-DGXDO
>PDUNV@

GL 6WDWHWKHFKDQJHVLQWKHDWRPLFVL]HRIWKHHOHPHQWVDFURVVSHULRGIURPOHIW
WRULJKW
1\DWDNDQSHUXEDKDQVDL]DWRPEDJLQVXUHXQVXULQLPHUHQWDVLNDODGDULNLULNH
NDQDQ

«««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««
>PDUN@
([SODLQ\RXUDQVZHULQGL
7HUDQJNDQMDZDSDQDQGDGLGL

««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««

««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««

««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««
>PDUNV@

68/,7
68/,7

'LDJUDPVKRZVWKHDSSDUDWXVVHWXSRIDFKHPLFDOFHOO
5DMDKPHQXQMXNNDQVXVXQDQUDGDVEDJLVHONLPLD

&RSSHUHOHFWURGH 6LOYHUHOHFWURGH
(OHNWURGNXSUXP (OHNWURGDUJHQWXP
&RSSHU,,QLWUDWHVROXWLRQ
/DUXWDQNXSUXPQLWUDW 6LOYHUQLWUDWHVROXWLRQ
4 /DUXWDQDUJHQWXP
QLWUDW

'LDJUDP

5DMDK

D :KDWLVWKHSURFHVVWKDWWDNHVSODFHDWFRSSHUHOHFWURGH"
$SDNDKSURVHV\DQJEHUODNXGLHOHNWURGNXSUXP"

««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««
>PDUN@

EL 6WDWHWKHIXQFWLRQRI4
1\DWDNDQIXQJVL4

«««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««
>PDUN@

LL1DPHDFKHPLFDOVXEVWDQFHWKDWFDQEHXVHGDV4
1DPDNDQVDWXEDKDQNLPLD\DQJEROHKGLJXQDNDQVHEDJDL4

«««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««
>PDUN@

F ,Q'LDJUDPPDUNWKHGLUHFWLRQRIWKHHOHFWURQIORZ
'DODP5DMDKWDQGDNDQDUDKSHQJDOLUDQHOHNWURQ
>PDUN@

G6WDWHWKHFRORXUFKDQJHRIFRSSHU,,QLWUDWHVROXWLRQ*LYHDUHDVRQIRU\RXU
DQVZHU
1\DWDNDQSHUXEDKDQZDUQDODUXWDQNXSUXP,,QLWUDW%HULNDQVDWXVHEDEEDJL
MDZDSDQDQGD

«««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««

«««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««
>PDUNV@

68/,7
68/,7
H :ULWHWKHKDOIHTXDWLRQIRUWKHUHDFWLRQDWWKHQHJDWLYHWHUPLQDO
7XOLVNDQVHWHQJDKSHUVDPDDQEDJLWLQGDNEDODVGLWHUPLQDOQHJDWLI

«««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««
>PDUNV@
I ,IFRSSHUHOHFWURGHDQGFRSSHU,,QLWUDWHVROXWLRQDUHUHSODFHGZLWK]LQFHOHFWURGH
DQG]LQFQLWUDWHVROXWLRQ
-LNDHOHNWURGNXSUXPGDQODUXWDQNXSUXP,,QLWUDWGLJDQWLNDQGHQJDQHOHNWURG
]LQNGDQODUXWDQ]LQNQLWUDW

LZKDWKDSSHQHGWRWKHYROWPHWHUUHDGLQJ"
DSDNDK\DQJEHUODNXNHSDGDEDFDDQYROWPHWHU"

«««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««
>PDUN@
LLJLYHDUHDVRQIRU\RXUDQVZHU
EHULVDWXVHEDEEDJLMDZDSDQDQGD

«««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««
>PDUN@

68/,7
68/,7
7KHIROORZLQJLQIRUPDWLRQLVDERXWDVDPSOHRIFRPSRXQG4
0DNOXPDWEHULNXWDGDODKEHUNDLWDQGHQJDQVDWXVDPSHOVHEDWLDQ4

%ODFNVROLG
3HSHMDOEHUZDUQDKLWDP

&RQWDLQVJFRSSHUDQGJR[\JHQ

0HQJDQGXQJLJNXSUXPGDQJRNVLJHQ
D :KDWLVWKHPHDQLQJRIHPSLULFDOIRUPXOD"
$SDNDKPDNVXGIRUPXODHPSLULN"

«««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««
>PDUN@
E'LDJUDPVKRZVDQLQFRPSOHWHHTXDWLRQZKLFKLVRQHRIWKHVWHSVLQYROYHGLQ
GHWHUPLQLQJWKHHPSLULFDOIRUPXOD
&RPSOHWHWKLVHTXDWLRQ
5DMDKPHQXQMXNNDQSHUVDPDDQWDNOHQJNDS\DQJPHUXSDNDQVDWXGDULSDGDODQJNDK
GDODPPHQHQWXNDQIRUPXODHPSLULN
/HQJNDSNDQSHUVDPDDQLWX

1XPEHURIPROHBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
=
5HODWLYHDWRPLFPDVV

%LODQJDQPROBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
=
-LVLPDWRPUHODWLI
'LDJUDP
5DMDK
>PDUN@

F %DVHGRQWKHLQIRUPDWLRQRIWKHVDPSOHRIFRPSRXQG4
FDOFXODWH
>5HODWLYHDWRPLFPDVV&X 2 @
%HUGDVDUNDQPDNOXPDWWHQWDQJVDPSHOVHEDWLDQ4
KLWXQJNDQ
>-LVLPDWRPUHODWLI&X 2 @

L1XPEHURIPROHRIFRSSHU
%LODQJDQPRONXSUXP
>PDUN@

LL1XPEHURIPROHRIR[\JHQ
%LODQJDQPRORNVLJHQ
>PDUN@
68/,7
68/,7
G'HWHUPLQHWKHHPSLULFDOIRUPXODRIWKHFRPSRXQG4
7HQWXNDQIRUPXODHPSLULNEDJLVHEDWLDQ4

«««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««
>PDUN@

H &RPSRXQG4UHDFWVFRPSOHWHO\ZLWKK\GURJHQJDVWRIRUPFRSSHUDQGFRPSRXQG5
6HEDWLDQ4EHUWLQGDNEDODVOHQJNDSGHQJDQJDVK\GURJHQXQWXNPHQJKDVLONDQNXSUXP
GDQVHEDWLDQ5

L1DPHWZRVXEVWDQFHVWKDWFDQEHXVHGWRSUHSDUHK\GURJHQJDV
1DPDNDQGXDEDKDQ\DQJGLJXQDNDQXQWXNPHQ\HGLDNDQJDVKLGURJHQ

«««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««
>PDUN@
LL:ULWHDEDODQFHGFKHPLFDOHTXDWLRQIRUWKHUHDFWLRQWKDWWDNHVSODFH
7XOLVSHUVDPDDQNLPLD\DQJVHLPEDQJEDJLWLQGDNEDODVLWX

«««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««
>PDUNV@

LLL6WDWHRQHREVHUYDWLRQIRUWKHUHDFWLRQ
1\DWDNDQVDWXSHPHUKDWLDQEDJLWLQGDNEDODVLWX

«««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««
>PDUN@

LY1DPHFRPSRXQG5
1DPDNDQVHEDWLDQ5

«««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««
>PDUN@

68/,7
68/,7
$VWXGHQWFDUULHGRXWWZRH[SHULPHQWVWRLQYHVWLJDWHWKHHIIHFWVRIWKHIDFWRULQIOXHQFLQJ
WKHUDWHRIUHDFWLRQ7DEOHVKRZVWKHUHVXOWVRIWKHH[SHULPHQWV
6HRUDQJSHODMDUPHQMDODQNDQGXDHNVSHULPHQXQWXNPHQJNDMLNHVDQIDNWRU\DQJ
PHPSHQJDUXKLNDGDUWLQGDNEDODV-DGXDOPHQXQMXNNDQNHSXWXVDQEDJLHNVSHULPHQLWX

7LPHWDNHQIRUDOOWKH
R PDJQHVLXPWRGLVVROYHV
([SHULPHQW 6HWXSRIWKHDSSDUDWXV 7HPSHUDWXUH &
Masa yang diambil untuk
Eksperimen Susunan radas Suhu / oC
semua magnesium
melarut / s
,
,,

'LDJUDP
5DMDK

D L:KDWLVWKHIDFWRUWKDWLQIOXHQFHVWKHUDWHRIUHDFWLRQLQERWKH[SHULPHQW
$SDNDKIDNWRU\DQJPHPSHQJDUXKLNDGDUWLQGDNEDODVGDODPNHGXDGXD
HNVSHULPHQ

«««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««
>PDUN@

LL&DOFXODWHWKHPD[LPXPYROXPHRIK\GURJHQJDVSURGXFHG
>5HODWLYHDWRPLFPDVV0J PRODUJDVYROXPH GPPRODWURRP
FRQGLWLRQ@
+LWXQJLVLSDGXPDNVLPXPJDVKLGURJHQ\DQJWHUKDVLO
>-LVLPDWRPUHODWLI0J LVLSDGXPRODUJDVGPPROSDGDNHDGDDQ
ELOLN@

>PDUNV@
68/,7
68/,7
E &DOFXODWHWKHDYHUDJHUDWHRIUHDFWLRQLQ
+LWXQJNDGDUWLQGDNEDODVSXUDWDGDODP

L([SHULPHQW,
(NVSHULPHQ,

LL([SHULPHQW,,
(NVSHULPHQ,,

>PDUNV@

F L&RPSDUHWKHUDWHRIUHDFWLRQEHWZHHQ([SHULPHQW,DQG([SHULPHQW,,
%DQGLQJNDQNDGDUWLQGDNEDODVEDJL(NVSHULPHQ,GDQ(NVSHULPHQ,,

«««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««
>PDUN@

LL([SODLQWKHDQVZHULQFLZLWKUHIHUHQFHWRWKHFROOLVLRQWKHRU\
-HODVNDQMDZDSDQGLFLGHQJDQPHUXMXNNHSDGDWHRULSHUODQJJDUDQ

«««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««

«««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««

«««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««
>PDUNV@

G6NHWFKWKHJUDSKVIRUWKHYROXPHRIK\GURJHQJDVDJDLQVWWLPHIRU([SHULPHQW,DQG
([HULPHQW,,RQWKHVDPHD[HV
/DNDUNDQJUDILVLSDGXJDVK\GURJHQPHODZDQPDVDEDJL(NVSHULPHQ,GDQ
(NVSHULPHQ,,SDGDSDNVL\DQJVDPD

>PDUNV@
68/,7
68/,7
$VWXGHQWFDUULHGRXWDQH[SHULPHQWWRGHWHUPLQHWKHYDOXHRIKHDWRIGLVSODFHPHQW
'LDJUDPVKRZVWKHVHWXSRIWKHDSSDUDWXVXVHGLQWKHH[SHULPHQW
6HRUDQJSHODMDUWHODKPHQMDODQNDQVDWXHNVSHULPHQXQWXNPHQHQWXNDQQLODLKDED
SHQ\HVDUDQ
5DMDKPHQXQMXNNDQVXVXQDQUDGDV\DQJGLJXQDNDQGDODPHNVSHULPHQLWX

'LDJUDP
5DMDK
D :K\LVDSRO\VW\UHQHFXSXVHGLQWKHH[SHULPHQW"
0HQJDSDNDKFDZDQSROLVWLUHQDGLJXQDNDQGDODPHNVSHULPHQLWX"

«««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««
>PDUN@
EL6WDWHRQHREVHUYDWLRQLQWKHH[SHULPHQW
1\DWDNDQVDWXSHPHUKDWLDQGDODPHNVSHULPHQLWX

«««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««
>PDUN@

LL6WDWHRQHUHDVRQIRUWKHREVHUYDWLRQLQEL
1\DWDNDQVDWXVHEDEEDJLSHPHUKDWLDQGLEL

«««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««
>PDUN@
LLL6WDWHWKHQDPHRIWKHVXEVWDQFHWKDWLVR[LGLVHGGXULQJWKHUHDFWLRQ

([SODLQ\RXUDQVZHULQWHUPVRIWKHFKDQJHLQR[LGDWLRQQXPEHU
1\DWDNDQQDPDEDKDQ\DQJPHQJDODPLSHQJRNVLGDDQGDODPWLQGDNEDODVLQL
7HUDQJNDQMDZDSDQDQGDEHUGDVDUNDQSHUXEDKDQQRPERUSHQJRNVLGDDQ

«««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««
>PDUNV@

68/,7
68/,7
F ,QWKLVH[SHULPHQWH[FHVVFRSSHULVDGGHGWRFPRIPROGPVLOYHUQLWUDWH
VROXWLRQ7KHKHDWRIGLVSODFHPHQWLQWKLVH[SHULPHQWLVN-PRO
>6SHFLILFKHDWFDSDFLW\RIWKHVROXWLRQLV-JR&WKHGHQVLW\RIWKHVROXWLRQLV
JFP@
'DODPHNVSHULPHQLQL]LQNEHUOHELKDQGLWDPEDKNHSDGDFPODUXWDQ
NXSUXP,,VXOIDWPROGP+DEDSHQ\HVDUDQGDODPHNVSHULPHQLWXLDODK
N-PRO
>0XDWDQKDEDWHQWXODUXWDQLDODK-JR&GDQNHWXPSDWDQODUXWDQLDODKJFP
@
L&DOFXODWHWKHKHDWHQHUJ\UHOHDVHGLQWKLVH[SHULPHQW
+LWXQJWHQDJDKDED\DQJGLEHEDVNDQGDODPHNVSHULPHQLQL

>PDUNV@
LL&DOFXODWHWKHWHPSHUDWXUHFKDQJHLQWKLVH[SHULPHQW
+LWXQJSHUXEDKDQVXKXGDODPHNVSHULPHQLQL

>PDUN@
G'UDZWKHHQHUJ\OHYHOGLDJUDPIRUWKHUHDFWLRQ
/XNLVNDQJDPEDUUDMDKDUDVWHQDJDEDJLWLQGDNEDODVLWX

>PDUNV@

68/,7
68/,7
6HFWLRQ%
Bahagian B

>PDUNV@
>PDUNDK@

$QVZHUDQ\RQHTXHVWLRQVIURPWKLVVHFWLRQ
-DZDEPDQDPDQDsatuVRDODQGDULSDGDEDKDJLDQLQL

D&DUERQLVRQHLVRWRSHRIFDUERQ,WKDVQHXWURQV
L'UDZDQGGHVFULEHWKHDWRPLFVWUXFWXUHRIFDUERQ
.DUERQDGDODKVDWXLVRWRSNDUERQ,DPHPSXQ\DLQHXWURQ
/XNLVGDQKXUDLNDQVWUXNWXUDWRPEDJLNDUERQ
>PDUNV@
LL*LYHRQHH[DPSOHRIDQRWKHULVRWRSHRIFDUERQ
6WDWHWKHQXPEHURIQHXWURQLQWKHLVRWRSH
:ULWHWKHV\PERORIWKHLVRWRSHLQWKHIRUP$

;
=
%HULNDQVDWXFRQWRKODLQLVRWRSNDUERQ
1\DWDNDQELODQJDQQHXWURQGDODPLVRWRSLWX
7XOLVNDQV\PEROEDJLLVRWRSLWXGDODPEHQWXN$

;
=
>PDUNV@

E'LDJUDPVKRZVWKHVHWXSRIDSSDUDWXVWRGHWHUPLQHWKHPHOWLQJSRLQWRI
QDSKWKDOHQH
5DMDKPHQXQMXNNDQVXVXQDQUDGDVXQWXNPHQHQWXNDQWDNDWOHEXUQDIWDOHQD
1DSKWKDOHQH
1DIWDOHQD
6XEVWDQFH;
%DKDQ;

'LDJUDP
5DMDK

68/,7
68/,7
7DEOHVKRZVWKHPHOWLQJSRLQWDQGERLOLQJSRLQWRIQDSKWKDOHQHVXEVWDQFH3DQG
VXEVWDQFH4
-DGXDOPHQXQMXNNDQWDNDWOHEXUGDQWDNDWGLGLKEDJLQDIWDOHQDEDKDQ3GDQ
EDKDQ4
6XEVWDQFH 0HOWLQJSRLQW %RLOLQJSRLQW
Bahan Takat lebur & 7DNDWGLGLK&
1DSKWKDOHQH

1DIWDOHQD
3
4

7DEOH
-DGXDO

L:KLFKVXEVWDQFH3RU4LVVXLWDEOHWREHXVHGDVVXEVWDQFH;LQ'LDJUDP"
([SODLQ\RXUDQVZHU
%DKDQ\DQJPDQDNDK3DWDX4DGDODKVHVXDLGLJXQDNDQVHEDJDLEDKDQ;GDODP
5DMDK"
7HUDQJNDQMDZDSDQDQGD >PDUNV@
LL([SODLQZK\QDSKWKDOHQHLVQRWKHDWHGGLUHFWO\ZLWKDEXQVHQEXUQHU
7HUDQJNDQPHQJDSDQDIWDOHQDWLGDNGLSDQDVNDQVHFDUDWHUXVGHQJDQSHQXQX
EXQVHQ
>PDUN@
F*UDSKVKRZVWKHFRROLQJFXUYHRIQDSKWKDOHQH
*UDIPHQXQMXNNDQOHQJNXQJSHQ\HMXNDQEDJLQDIWDOHQD

7HPSHUDWXUH, C
o
6XKX

)UHH]LQJSRLQW
80
7DNDWEHNX

7LPH,s

0DVD
t1 t2 t3 t4
*UDSK
*UDI

'HVFULEH*UDSKLQWHUPVRIVWDWHVRIPDWWHUSDUWLFOHDUUDQJHPHQWVDQGFKDQJHVLQ
HQHUJ\
+XUDLNDQJUDIGDULVHJLNHDGDDQMLULPVXVXQDQ]DUDKGDQSHUXEDKDQWHQDJD\DQJ
EHUODNXVHPDVDSURVHVSHQ\HMXNDQ
>PDUNV@
68/,7
68/,7
D 'LDJUDPVKRZVWKHDSSDUDWXVVHWXSRI([SHULPHQW,([SHULPHQW,,DQGWKH
REVHUYDWLRQV
ZKHQFRSSHU,,R[LGHLVDGGHGLQWRK\GURFKORULFDFLGLQWZRGLIIHUHQFHVROYHQW
5DMDKPHQXQMXNNDQVXVXQDQUDGDVEDJL(NVSHULPHQ,(NVSHULPHQ,,GDQ
SHPHUKDWLDQDSDELODNXSUXP,,RNVLGDGLWDPEDKNHGDODPDVLGKLGURNORULNGDODP
GXDSHODUXW\DQJEHUODLQDQ

([SHULPHQW $SSDUDWXVVHWXS 2EVHUYDWLRQ
(NVSHULPHQ 6XVXQDQUDGDV 3HPHUKDWLDQ
%ODFNVROLG
+\GURFKORULFDFLGLQVROYHQW; GLVVROYHV
$VLGKLGURNORULNGDODPSHODUXW; 3HSHMDOKLWDP
ODUXW
, &RSSHU,,R[LGH &RORXUOHVV
.XSUXP,,RNVLGD VROXWLRQ
WXUQVEOXH
/DUXWDQWDQSD
ZDUQDPHQMDGL
ELUX

+\GURFKORULFDFLGLQVROYHQW<
$VLGKLGURNORULNGDODPSHODUXW< 1RFKDQJH
,,
7LDGDSHUXEDKDQ
&RSSHU,,R[LGH

.XSUXP,,RNVLGD

'LDJUDP
5DMDK

%DVHGRQWKHLQIRUPDWLRQLQ'LDJUDP
%HUGDVDUNDQPDNOXPDWGDODP5DMDK

L 1DPHRQHVXLWDEOHH[DPSOHRIHDFKVROYHQW;DQGVROYHQW<
1DPDNDQVDWXFRQWRK\DQJVHVXDLEDJLVHWLDSSHODUXW;GDQSHODUXW<
>PDUNV@

LL&RPSDUHREVHUYDWLRQVLQ([SHULPHQW,DQG([SHULPHQW,,([SODLQ\RXUDQVZHU
DQGLQFOXGHDQLRQLFHTXDWLRQWKDWLQYROYHG
%DQGLQJSHPHUKDWLDQGDODP(NVSHULPHQ,GDQ(NVSHULPHQ,,7HUDQJNDQ
MDZDSDQDQGD
GDQVHUWDNDQSHUVDPDDQLRQ\DQJWHUOLEDW
>PDUNV@

68/,7
68/,7
LLL5HIHUULQJWRWKHREVHUYDWLRQLQ([SHULPHQW,
VWDWHWKHW\SHRIUHDFWLRQWKDWRFFXU
ZULWHWKHFKHPLFDOHTXDWLRQIRUWKHUHDFWLRQEHWZHHQK\GURFKORULFDFLGDQG
FRSSHU,,R[LGH
FDOFXODWHWKHPDVVRIFRSSHU,,R[LGHQHHGHGWRUHDFWFRPSOHWHO\ZLWK
FPRIPROGPRIK\GURFKORULFDFLG
>5HODWLYHDWRPLFPDVV&X 2 @

0HUXMXNNHSDGDSHPHUKDWLDQGDODP(NVSHULPHQ,
Q\DWDNDQMHQLVWLQGDNEDODV\DQJEHUODNX
WXOLVSHUVDPDDQNLPLDEDJLWLQGDNEDODVDQWDUDDVLGKLGURNORULNGDQ
NXSUXP,,RNVLGD
+LWXQJNDQMLVLPNXSUXP,,RNVLGD\DQJGLSHUOXNDQXQWXNEHUWLQGDNEDODV
OHQJNDSGHQJDQFPDVLGKLGURNORULNPROGP
>-LVLPDWRPUHODWLI&X 2 @
>PDUNV@
E7DEOHVKRZVWKHFRQFHQWUDWLRQVDQGS+YDOXHVRIWZRGLIIHUHQWDONDOLV
-DGXDOPHQXQMXNNDQNHSHNDWDQGDQQLODLS+EDJLGXDDNDOL\DQJEHUODLQDQ

$ONDOL &RQFHQWUDWLRQPROGP S+
Alkali Kepekatan /mol dm-3 pH
6RGLXPK\GUR[LGHVROXWLRQ

/DUXWDQQDWULXPKLGURNVLGD
$PPRQLDDTXHRXVVROXWLRQ

/DUXWDQDNXHXVDPPRQLD

7DEOH
-DGXDO

([SODLQZK\WKHDONDOLVLQ7DEOHKDYHGLIIHUHQWS+YDOXHV
7HUDQJNDQPHQJDSDDONDOLGDODP-DGXDOPHPSXQ\DLQLODLS+\DQJ
EHUODLQDQ
>PDUNV@

68/,7
68/,7

6HFWLRQ&
Bahagian C

>PDUNV@
>PDUNDK@

$QVZHUDQ\RQHTXHVWLRQVIURPWKLVVHFWLRQ
-DZDEPDQDPDQDsatuVRDODQGDULSDGDEDKDJLDQLQL

'LDJUDPVKRZVDVHULHVRIUHDFWLRQVLQYROYLQJK\GURFDUERQ<
5DMDKPHQXQMXNNDQVDWXVLULWLQGDNEDODV\DQJPHOLEDWNDQKLGURNDUERQ<

+\GURJHQDWLRQ
+\GURFDUERQ< %XWDQH
3HQJKLGURJHQDQ

+\GUDWLRQ
3HQJKLGUDWDQ

(VWHULILFDWLRQ

&RPSRXQG= (VWHU4
3HQJHVWHUDQ

'LDJUDP
5DMDK
D %DVHGRQ'LDJUDP
VWDWHWKHJHQHUDOIRUPXOD
VWDWHWKHIXQFWLRQDOJURXSDQG
GUDZWKHVWUXFWXUDOIRUPXOD
RIK\GURFDUERQ<

%HUGDVDUNDQ5DMDK
Q\DWDNDQIRUPXODDP
Q\DWDNDQNXPSXODQEHUIXQJVLGDQ
OXNLVNDQIRUPXODVWUXNWXU
EDJLKLGURNDUERQ<
>PDUNV@
E:ULWHWKHFKHPLFDOHTXDWLRQWRVKRZWKHK\GUDWLRQSURFHVVRIK\GURFDUERQ<
6WDWHWKHFRQGLWLRQVQHHGHGIRUWKHSURFHVVWKDWWDNHVSODFH
7XOLVNDQSHUVDPDDQNLPLDEDJLPHQXQMXNNDQSURVHVSHQJKLGUDWDQKLGURNDUERQ<
1\DWDNDQNHDGDDQ\DQJGLSHUOXNDQXQWXNWLQGDNEDODVWHUVHEXWEHUODNX
>PDUNV@
68/,7
68/,7
F 7DEOHVKRZVWKHUHVXOWRIDFKHPLFDOWHVWWRGLIIHUHQWLDWHEHWZHHQK\GURFDUERQ<
DQGEXWDQH
-DGXDOPHQXQMXNNDQNHSXWXVDQXMLDQNLPLDXQWXNPHPEH]DNDQDQWDUD
KLGURNDUERQ<GDQEXWDQD
3URFHGXUH 2EVHUYDWLRQ
Prosedur Pemerhatian
%URPLQHZDWHULVDGGHGWRK\GURFDUERQ< %URZQEURPLQHZDWHUGHFRORXULVHG
$LUEURPLQGLWDPEDKNHGDODP :DUQDSHUDQJDLUEURPLQ
KLGURNDUERQ< GLOXQWXUNDQ
%URPLQHZDWHULVDGGHGWREXWDQH %URZQEURPLQHZDWHUUHPDLQV
$LUEURPLQGLWDPEDKNHGDODPEXWDQD XQFKDQJH
:DUQDSHUDQJDLUEURPLQWLGDN
EHUXEDK

7DEOH
-DGXDO
([SODLQZK\WKHUHLVGLIIHUHQFHLQWKHREVHUYDWLRQV
7HUDQJNDQPHQJDSDWHUGDSDWSHUEH]DDQGDODPSHPHUKDWLDQLWX
>PDUNV@

G$VWXGHQWLQWHQGVWRSUHSDUHDQHVWHU4IURPWKHUHDFWLRQEHWZHHQFRPSRXQG=
DQGQDPHGFDUER[\OLFDFLG
'HVFULEHDODERUDWRU\H[SHULPHQWWRSUHSDUHWKHHVWHU
<RXUDQVZHUVKRXOGLQFOXGHWKHIROORZLQJ

$OLVWRIPDWHULDO

3URFHGXUHRIWKHH[SHULPHQW

2EVHUYDWLRQDQGFKHPLFDOHTXDWLRQ

1DPHRIWKHHVWHUSURGXFHG

6HRUDQJSHODMDUEHUKDVUDWPHQ\HGLDNDQVHMHQLVHVWHU4GDULSDGDWLQGDNEDODV
DQWDUDVHEDWLDQ=GDQVHMHQLVDVLGNDUERNVLOLN\DQJGLQDPDNDQ
+XUDLNDQVDWXHNVSHULPHQPDNPDOXQWXNPHQ\HGLDNDQHVWHUWHUVHEXW
-DZDSDQDQGDPHVWLPHPSXQ\DLSHUNDUDEHULNXW
6HQDUDLEDKDQNLPLD
3URVHGXUHNVSHULPHQ
3HPHUKDWLDQGDQSHUVDPDDQNLPLD
1DPDHVWHU\DQJWHUKDVLO
>PDUNV@

68/,7
68/,7
D ,URQJDWHVRIKRXVHVVLWXDWHGQHDULQGXVWULDODUHDVEHFRPHVUXVW\IDVWHUWKDQWKRVH
VLWXDWHGIDUIURPLQGXVWULDODUHDV([SODLQWKLVSKHQRPHQRQ

3DJDUEHVLUXPDK\DQJEHUGHNDWDQGHQJDQNDZDVDQLQGXVWULPHQMDGLEHUNDUDWOHELK
FHSDWGDUL\DQJEHUDGDMDXKGDULNDZDVDQLQGXVWUL-HODVNDQIHQRPHQDLQL
>PDUNV@
E'LDJUDPVKRZVWKHFKHPLFDOHTXDWLRQIRU5HDFWLRQ,DQG5HDFWLRQ,,
5DMDKPHQXQMXNNDQSHUVDPDDQNLPLDEDJL7LQGDNEDODV,GDQ7LQGDNEDODV,,

5HDFWLRQ,+&ODT1D2+DTÆ1D&O+
2
7LQGDNEDODV,
5HDFWLRQ,,0JV&X62
DTÆ0J62&X
7LQGDNEDODV,,
'LDJUDP
5DMDK

%DVHGRQWKHFKHPLFDOHTXDWLRQVLQ'LDJUDPGHWHUPLQHZKHWKHUWKHUHDFWLRQLV
UHGR[UHDFWLRQ([SODLQ\RXUDQVZHU
%HUGDVDUNDQWLQGDNEDODVNLPLDGDODP5DMDKWHQWXNDQVDPDDGDWLQGDNEDODV
WHUVHEXWDGDODKWLQGDNEDODVUHGRNV-HODVNDQMDZDSDQDQGD

>PDUNV@

F'LDJUDPVKRZVWKHFKDQJHVLQYROYLQJLURQLURQ,,LRQDQGLURQ,,,LRQV
5DMDKPXQXQMXNNDQSHUXEDKDQ\DQJPHOLEDWNDQIHUXPLRQIHUXP,,GDQLRQ
IHUXP,,,

6WHS, 6WHS,,
)H /DQJNDK, )H /DQJNDK,,
)H

'LDJUDP
5DMDK

%\UHIHUULQJWR'LDJUDPVXJJHVWDVXLWDEOHFKHPLFDOVXEVWDQFHWRFDUU\RXWWKH
FKDQJHVLQ6WHSV,DQG,,<RXUDQVZHUVVKRXOGLQFOXGHWKHREVHUYDWLRQIRUHDFKRI
WKHVWHSLQYROYHG
'HQJDQPHUXMXNNHSDGD5DMDKFDGDQJNDQEDKDQNLPLD\DQJVHVXDLXQWXN
PHODNVDQDNDQSHQXNDUDQGDODPODQJNDK,GDQ,,-DZDSDQDQGDKHQGDNODK
GLVHUWDNDQGHQJDQSHPHUKDWLDQXQWXNVHWLDSODQJNDK\DQJWHUOLEDW
>PDUNV@

68/,7
68/,7
G7KHIROORZLQJVWDWHPHQWLVDERXWUHGR[UHDFWLRQ
3HUQ\DWDDQEHULNXWDGDODKPHQJHQDLWLQGDNEDODVUHGRN

$UHGR[UHDFWLRQFDQRFFXUEHWZHHQDUHGXFLQJDJHQWDQGR[LGLVLQJDJHQWZLWKRXWLQ
FRQWDFWZLWKRQHDQRWKHU
7LQGDNEDODVUHGRNVEROHKEHUODNXDQWDUDDJHQSHQXUXQDQGDQDJHQSHQJRNVLGDDQ

WDQSDEHUVHQWXKDQWDUDVDWXVDPDODLQ

%\XVLQJSRWDVVLXPLRGLGHVROXWLRQGLOXWHVXOSKXULFDFLGDQGDVXLWDEOHR[LGLVLQJ
DJHQWGHVFULEHDQH[SHULPHQWWRYHULI\WKHDERYHVWDWHPHQW<RXUDQVZHUVKRXOG
FRQVLVWRIWKHIROORZLQJ
/DEHOHGGLDJUDP
3URFHGXUH
+DOIHTXDWLRQVLQYROYHG
2EVHUYDWLRQV

'HQJDQPHQJJXQDNDQODUXWDQNDOLXPLRGLGDDVLGVXOIXULNFDLUGDQDLUEURPLQH
KXUDLNDQVDWXHNVSHULPHQXQWXNPHQJHVDKNDQSHUQ\DWDDQGLDWDV-DZDSDQDQGD
KDUXVPHQJDQGXQJLSHUNDUDEHULNXW
*DPEDUDMDKEHUODEHO
.DHGDDD[K
3HUVDPDDQVHWHQJDK\DQJWHUOLEDW
3HPHUKDWLDQ

>PDUNV@

(1'2)48(67,213$3(5
KERTAS SOALAN TAMAT

68/,7
68/,7

68/,7
68/,7
,1)250$7,21)25&$1','$7(6
0$./80$78178.&$/21

7KLVTXHVWLRQSDSHUFRQVLVWVRIWKUHHVHFWLRQV6HFWLRQV$%DQG&
.HUWDVVRDODQLQLPHQJDQGXQJLWLJDEDKDJLDQ%DKDJLDQ$, %GDQ&

$QVZHUDOOTXHVWLRQVLQ6HFWLRQ$:ULWH\RXUDQVZHUVIRU6HFWLRQ$LQWKHVSDFHV
SURYLGHGLQWKHTXHVWLRQSDSHU
-DZDEVHPXDVRDODQGDODP%DKDJLDQ$7XOLVNDQMDZDSDQEDJL%DKDJLDQ$GDODP
UXDQJ\DQJGLVHGLDNDQGDODPNHUWDVVRDODQ

$QVZHURQHTXHVWLRQIURP6HFWLRQ%DQGRQHTXHVWLRQIURP6HFWLRQ&
:ULWH\RXUDQVZHUVIRU6HFWLRQ%DQG6HFWLRQ&RQWKHCZULWLQJSDSHU¶SURYLGHGE\WKH
LQYLJLODWRUV
$QVZHUTXHVWLRQVLQ6HFWLRQ%DQG6HFWLRQ&LQGHWDLO
<RXPD\XVHHTXDWLRQVGLDJUDPVWDEOHVJUDSKVDQGRWKHUVXLWDEOHPHWKRGVWRH[SODLQ
\RXUDQVZHU
-DZDEVDWXVRDODQGDULSDGD%DKDJLDQ%GDQVDWXVRDODQGDULSDGD%DKDJLDQ&
7XOLVNDQMDZDSDQEDJL%DKDJLDQ%GDQ%DKDJLDQ&SDGDKHODLDQWDPEDKDQ\DQJ
GLEHNDONDQROHKSHQJDZDVSHSHULNVDDQ-DZDE%DKDJLDQ%GDQ%DKDJLDQ&GHQJDQ
WHUSHULQFL$QGDEROHKPHQJJXQDNDQSHUVDPDDQJDPEDUUDMDKMDGXDOJUDIGDQFDUD
ODLQ\DQJVHVXDLXQWXNPHQMHODVNDQMDZDSDQDQGD

6KRZ\RXUZRUNLQJ,WPD\KHOS\RXWRJHWPDUNV
7XQMXNNDQNHUMDPHQJLUD,QLPHPEDQWXDQGDPHQGDSDWNDQPDUNDK

,I\RXZLVKWRFKDQJH\RXUDQVZHUQHDWO\FURVVRXWWKHDQVZHUWKDW\RXKDYHGRQH7KHQ
ZULWHGRZQWKHQHZDQVZHU
6HNLUDQ\DDQGDKHQGDNPHPEDWDONDQVHVXDWXMDZDSDQEXDWJDULVDQGLDWDVMDZDSDQLWX

7KHGLDJUDPVLQWKHTXHVWLRQVDUHQRWGUDZQWRVFDOHXQOHVVVWDWHG

0DUNVDOORFDWHGIRUHDFKTXHVWLRQRUSDUWTXHVWLRQDUHVKRZQLQEUDFNHWV
0DUNDK\DQJGLSHUXQWXNNDQEDJLVHWLDSVRDODQDWDXFHUDLDQVRDODQGLWXQMXNNDQGDODP
NXUXQJDQ

7KHWLPHVXJJHVWHGWRDQVZHU6HFWLRQ$LVPLQXWHV6HFWLRQ%LVPLQXWHVDQG
6HFWLRQ&LVPLQXWHV
0DVD\DQJGLFDGDQJNDQXQWXNPHQMDZDE%DKDJLDQ$LDODKPLQLW%DKDJLDQ%LDODK
PLQLWGDQ%DKDJLDQ&LDODKPLQLW

<RXPD\XVHDQRQSURJUDPPDEOHVFLHQWLILFFDOFXODWRU

+DQGLQ\RXUDQVZHUVKHHWVDWWKHHQGRIWKHH[DPLQDWLRQ
6HUDKNDQVHPXDNHUWDVMDZDSDQDQGDGLDNKLUSHSHULNVDDQ

68/,7
68/,7

1DPD «««««««««««««««««« 7LQJNDWDQ««««

68/,7

&+(0,675<

3DSHU

2JRV

òMDP

%$+$*,$13(1*8586$1

6(.2/$+%(5$65$0$3(18+'$16(.2/$+.(&(0(5/$1*$1

.(0(17(5,$13(/$-$5$10$/$<6,$

3(3(5,.6$$13(5&8%$$1630
6,-,/3(/$-$5$10$/$<6,$

&+(0,675<

.HUWDV

6DWXMDPWLJDSXOXKPLQLW

-$1*$1%8.$.(57$662$/$1,1,6(+,1**$',%(5,7$+8

7XOLVnamaGDQtingkatan DQGDSDGDUXDQJDQ
\DQJGLVHGLDNDQGLDWDV 8QWXN.HJXQDDQ3HPHULNVD
0DUNDK 0DUNDK
.HUWDVVRDODQLQLDGDODKGDODPdwibahasa 6RDODQ
3HQXK 'LSHUROHK

6RDODQGDODP%DKDVD,QJJHULVPHQGDKXOXLVRDODQ
\DQJVHSDGDQGDODP%DKDVD0HOD\X

&DORQGLEHQDUNDQPHQMDZDENHVHOXUXKDQDWDX
VHEDKDJLDQVRDODQVDPDDGDGDODPBahasa

InggerisDWDXBahasa Melayu
-XPODK

&DORQGLNHKHQGDNLPHPEDFDPDNOXPDWGL
KDODPDQEHODNDQJNHUWDVVRDODQLQL


+DNFLSWD6HNRODK%HUDVUDPD3HQXK >/LKDWVHEHODK
68/,7

68/,7
,1)250$7,21)25&$1','$7(6
MAKLUMAT UNTUK CALON

7KLVTXHVWLRQSDSHUFRQVLVWVRIWKUHHVHFWLRQV4XHVWLRQ4XHVWLRQDQG4XHVWLRQ
.HUWDVVRDODQLQLPHQJDQGXQJWLJDVRDODQSoalan 1, Soalan2GDQSoalan 3

$QVZHUDOOTXHVWLRQV:ULWH\RXUDQVZHUVIRU4XHVWLRQDQG4XHVWLRQLQWKHVSDFHVSURYLGHG
LQWKHTXHVWLRQSDSHU

-DZDEVHPXDVRDODQ7XOLVNDQMDZDSDQEDJLSoalan 1 GDQ Soalan 2 SDGDUXDQJ\DQJ

GLVHGLDNDQGDODPNHUWDVVRDODQLQL

:ULWH\RXUDQVZHUVIRU4XHVWLRQRQWKHµKHODLDQWDPEDKDQ¶SURYLGHGE\WKHLQYLJLODWRUV
<RXPD\XVHHTXDWLRQVGLDJUDPVWDEOHVJUDSKVDQGRWKHUVXLWDEOHPHWKRGVWRH[SODLQ\RXU

DQVZHU
7XOLVMDZDSDQDQGDEDJLSoalan 3 GDODPKHODLDQWDPEDKDQ\DQJGLEHNDONDQROHKSHQJDZDV
SHSHULNVDDQ$QGDEROHKPHQJJXQDNDQSHUVDPDDQJDPEDUUDMDKMDGXDOJUDIGDQFDUDODLQ
\DQJVHVXDLXQWXNPHQMHODVNDQMDZDSDQDQGD

7KHGLDJUDPVLQWKHTXHVWLRQVDUHQRWGUDZQWRVFDOHXQOHVVVWDWHG

0DUNVDOORFDWHGIRUHDFKTXHVWLRQRUVXESDUWRIWKHTXHVWLRQDUHVKRZQLQEUDFNHWV

0DUNDK\DQJGLSHUXQWXNNDQEDJLVHWLDSVRDODQDWDXFHUDLDQVRDODQGLWXQMXNNDQGDODP
NXUXQJDQ

6KRZ\RXUZRUNLQJ,WPD\KHOS\RXWRJHWPDUNV

7XQMXNNDQNHUMDPHQJLUD,QLPHPEDQWXDQGDPHQGDSDWNDQPDUNDK

,I\RXZLVKWRFKDQJH\RXUDQVZHUFURVVRXWWKHDQVZHUWKDW\RXKDYHGRQH7KHQZULWHGRZQWKH
QHZDQVZHU

6HNLUDQ\DDQGDKHQGDNPHQXNDUMDZDSDQEDWDONDQMDZDSDQ\DQJWHODKGLEXDWNHPQXGLDQWXOLV
MDZDSDQ\DQJEDUX

<RXPD\XVHDQRQSURJUDPPDEOHVFLHQWLILFFDOFXODWRU


7LHWRJHWKHU\RXUDQVZHUVKHHWVZLWKWKLVTXHVWLRQSDSHUDWWKHHQGRIWKHH[DPLQDWLRQ

,NDWVHPXDNHUWDVMDZDSDQDQGDEHUVDPDVDPDVRDODQLQLGLDNKLUSHSHULNVDDQ

2011 Hak cipta Sekolah Berasrama Penuh 68/,7

68/,7

7ZRH[SHULPHQWVZHUHFDUULHGRXWE\DJURXSRIVWXGHQWVWRLQYHVWLJDWHWKHHIIHFWRIWKH
W\SHRIHOHFWURGHVRQWKHSURGXFWIRUPHGGXULQJHOHFWURO\VLV
'XDHNVSHULPHQWHODKGLMDODQNDQROHKVHNXPSXODQSHODMDUXQWXNPHQ\LDVDWNHVDQMHQLV
HOHNWURGWHUKDGDSKDVLO\DQJWHUEHQWXNVHPDVDHOHNWUROLVLV

([SHULPHQW,

(OHFWURO\VLVXVLQJFDUERQHOHFWURGHVDQGPROGPFRSSHU,,FKORULGH

VROXWLRQLVXVHGDVDQHOHFWURO\WH

Eksperimen,

(OHNWUROLVLVPHQJJXQDNDQHOHNWURGNDUERQGDQODUXWDQNXSUXP,,NORULGD

PROGPGLJXQDNDQVHEDJDLHOHNWUROLW

([SHULPHQW,,

(OHFWURO\VLVXVLQJFRSSHUHOHFWURGHVDQGPROGPFRSSHU,,FKORULGH

VROXWLRQLVXVHGDVDQHOHFWURO\WH

Eksperimen,,

(OHNWUROLVLVPHQJJXQDNDQHOHNWURGNXSUXPGDQODUXWDQNXSUXP,,NORULGD

PROGPGLJXQDNDQVHEDJDLHOHNWUROLW

'LDJUDPDQG'LDJUDPVKRZWKHVHWXSRIWKHDSSDUDWXVIRUERWKH[SHULPHQWV
5DMDKGDQ5DMDKPHQXQMXNNDQVXVXQDQUDGDVEDJLNHGXDGXDHNSHULPHQ

([SHULPHQW,
Eksperimen,

%HJLQQLQJRIH[SHULPHQW $IWHUPLQXWHV
$ZDOHNVSHULPHQ 6HOHSDVPLQLW

&DUERQHOHFWURGHV &DUERQHOHFWURGHV
(OHNWURGNDUERQ (OHNWURGNDUERQ

PROGP PROGP
FRSSHU,,FKORULGH FRSSHU,,FKORULGH
VROXWLRQ VROXWLRQ
/DUXWDQNXSUXP,, /DUXWDQNXSUXP,,
$
NORULGDPROGP $ NORULGDPROGP

'LDJUDP
5DMDK
7ULDO630 68/,7

68/,7 )RU
H[DPLQHU¶V
XVH
([SHULPHQW,,
Eksperimen ,,

%HJLQQLQJRIH[SHULPHQW $IWHUPLQXWHV
$ZDOHNVSHULPHQ 6HOHSDVPLQLW

$ $

&RSSHUHOHFWURGHV
(OHNWURGNXSUXP

PROGPFRSSHU
,,FKORULGHVROXWLRQ
/DUXWDQNXSUXP,,

NORULGDPROGP

'LDJUDP
5DMDK

D &RPSOHWHWKH7DEOHE\VWDWLQJWKHREVHUYDWLRQIRUERWKH[SHULPHQWV
/HQJNDSNDQ-DGXDOGHQJDQPHQ\DWDNDQSHPHUKDWLDQEDJLNHGXDGXDHNSHULPHQ

([SHULPHQW 2EVHUYDWLRQDWDQRGH
Eksperimen Pemerhatian di anod

,

,,

D
7DEOH
-DGXDO
>PDUNV@

E6WDWHWKHLQIHUHQFHIURPWKHREVHUYDWLRQLQDIRU([SHULPHQW,,
1\DWDNDQLQIHUHQVEHUGDVDUNDQSHPHUKDWLDQGLDEDJL(NVSHULPHQ,,

««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««
E

«««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««
>PDUNV@

7ULDO630 68/,7

68/,7
)RU
H[DPLQHU¶V
F 6WDWHWKHK\SRWKHVLVIRUWKHH[SHULPHQW XVH
1\DWDNDQKLSRWHVLVEDJLHNVSHULPHQWHUVHEXW

««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««

F
««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««

««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««
>PDUNV@

G%DVHGRQWKHH[SHULPHQWVWDWH
%HUGDVDUNDQHNVSHULPHQQ\DWDNDQ

LWKHPDQLSXODWHGYDULDEOH
SHPEROHKXEDK\DQJGLPDQLSXODVLNDQ

««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««

LLWKHUHVSRQGLQJYDULDEOH
SHPEROHKXEDK\DQJEHUJHUDNEDODV

«««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««

LLLWKHFRQVWDQWYDULDEOH
SHPEROHKXEDK\DQJGLWHWDSNDQ G

«««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««
>PDUNV@

H ,IPROGPFRSSHU,,FKORULGHVROXWLRQLQ([SHULPHQW,LVUHSODFHGE\
PROGPFRSSHU,,FKORULGHVROXWLRQSUHGLFWWKHSURGXFWIRUPHGDWWKHDQRGH
-LNDODUXWDQNXSUXP,,NORULGDPROGPGDODP(NVSHULPHQ,GLJDQWLNDQ
GHQJDQODUXWDQNXSUXP,,NORULGDPROGPUDPDONDQSURGXN\DQJWHUKDVLOGL
DQRG
H
«««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««

«««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««

>PDUNV@

7RWDO

7ULDO630 68/,7

68/,7

'LDJUDPVKRZV6WHS,DQG6WHS,,LQDQH[SHULPHQWWRFRQVWUXFWDQLRQLFHTXDWLRQ
IRUWKHIRUPDWLRQRIEDULXPFKURPDWH9,
5DMDKPHQXQMXNNDQODQJNDK,GDQ,,EDJLHNVSHULPHQXQWXNPHPELQDSHUVDPDDQ
LRQEDJLSHPEHQWXNDQEDULXPNURPDW9,

6WHS,
/DQJNDK,

FP FP FP FP FP FP FP
PROGP
SRWDVVLXP
FKURPDWH9,
VROXWLRQ
ODUXWDQNDOLXP
NURPDW9,
PROGP

6WHS,,
/DQJNDK,

FP FP FP FP FP FP FP
PROGPEDULXP
FKORULGH
VROXWLRQ
ODUXWDQEDULXP
NORULGDPROGP

<HOORZSUHFLSLWDWH
0HQGDNDQNXQLQJ

'LDJUDP
5DMDK

7ULDO630 68/,7

68/,7
)RU
H[DPLQHU¶V
XVH
PROGPEDULXPFKORULGH%D&OVROXWLRQZDVDGGHGWRHDFKWHVWWXEHFRQWDLQLQJ
FPSRWDVVLXPFKURPDWH9,.&U2VROXWLRQDFFRUGLQJWRWKHYROXPHVVKRZQLQ6WHS
,,(DFKWHVWWXEHLVVWRSSHUDQGVKDNHQZHOO<HOORZSUHFLSLWDWHRIEDULXPFKURPDWH9,
LVIRUPHG
/DUXWDQEDULXPNORULGD%D&OPROGP GLWDPEDKNHGDODPVHWLDSWDEXQJXML\DQJ
PHQJDQGXQJLFPODUXWDQNDOLXPNURPDW9,.&U2PROGPPHQJLNXWLVLSDGX
VHSHUWL \DQJ GLWXQMXNNDQ GDODP ODQJNDK ,, 6HWLDS WDEXQJ XML GLWXWXS GDQ GLJRQFDQJ
0HQGDNDQNXQLQJEDULXPNURPDW9,WHUEHQWXN

7DEOHVKRZVWKHUHVXOWVIRUWKLVH[SHULPHQW
-DGXDOPHQXQMXNNDQNHSXWXVDQHNSHULPHQWHUVHEXW

7HVWWXEH

7DEXQJXML
9ROXPHRIPROGP
EDULXPFKORULGHVROXWLRQFP

,VLSDGXODUXWDQEDULXPNORULGD
PROGPFP
+HLJKWRIEDULXPFKURPDWH
9,SUHFLSLWDWHFP
7LQJJLPHQGDNDQEDULXP
NURPDW9,FP

7DEOH
-DGXDO

D 8VLQJWKHUXOHUPHDVXUHWKHKHLJKWRI\HOORZSUHFLSLWDWHLQWHVWWXEHWRDQGUHFRUG
WKHKHLJKWRIWKHSUHFLSLWDWHLQ7DEOH
D
'HQJDQPHQJJXQDNDQSHPEDULVXNXUWLQJJLPHQGDNDQNXQLQJ\DQJWHUGDSDWGDODP
WDEXQJXMLKLQJJDGDQUHNRGNDQWLQJJLPHQGDNDQGDODP-DGXDO
>PDUNV@

E'UDZDJUDSKRIKHLJKWRISUHFLSLWDWHDJDLQVWYROXPHRIEDULXPFKORULGHRQWKHJUDSK
SDSHUSURYLGHGRQSDJH
/XNLVNDQJUDIWLQJJLPHQGDNDQPHODZDQLVLSDGXODUXWDQEDULXPNORULGDSDGD E
NHUWDVJUDI\DQJGLVHGLDNDQGLPXNDVXUDW
>PDUNV@

7ULDO630 68/,7

68/,7

4XHVWLRQE

7ULDO630 68/,7

68/,7

)RU
H[DPLQHU¶V
XVH
F %DVHGRQWKHWDEOHDERYHVWDWHWKHYROXPHRIEDULXPFKORULGHVROXWLRQPROGP
IRUUHDFWVFRPSOHWHO\ZLWKFPRISRWDVVLXPFKURPDWH9,VROXWLRQDQGFDOFXODWHWKH
QXPEHURIPROHRIEDULXPFKORULGHVROXWLRQLVQHHGHGWRUHDFWVFRPSOHWHO\ZLWK
PROHSRWDVVLXPFKURPDWH9,VROXWLRQ
%HUGDVDUNDQMDGXDOGLDWDVEHUDSDNDKLVLSDGXODUXWDQEDULXPNORULGDPROGP
\DQJGLSHUOXNDQXQWXNEHUWLQGDNEDODVOHQJNDSGHQJDQFPODUXWDQNDOLXP
NURPDW9,PROGPGDQKLWXQJNDQELODQJDQPROODUXWDQEDULXPNORULGD\DQJ
GLSHUOXNDQXQWXNEHUWLQGDNEDODVOHQJNDSGHQJDQPROODUXWDQNDOLXPNURPDW9,

F

>PDUNV@

G:ULWHDQLRQLFHTXDWLRQIRUWKHUHDFWLRQEHWZHHQSRWDVVLXPFKURPDWH9,VROXWLRQ
DQGEDULXPFKORULGHVROXWLRQ
7XOLVNDQSHUVDPDDQLRQEDJLWLQGDNEDODVDQWDUDODUXWDQNDOLXPNURPDW9,GHQJDQ
ODUXWDQEDULXPNORULGD G

«««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««
>PDUNV@

H %DVHGRQWKLVH[SHULPHQWVWDWHWKHRSHUDWLRQDOGHILQLWLRQIRUWKHSUHFLSLWDWLRQ
UHDFWLRQ
%HUGDVDUNDQHNSHULPHQLQLQ\DWDNDQGHILQLVLVHFDUDRSHUDVLEDJLWLQGDNEDODV
SHPHQGDNDQ

««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««

««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««« H

««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««
>PDUNV@

7ULDO630 68/,7

68/,7

)RU
H[DPLQHU¶V
XVH
I &ODVVLI\WKHIROORZLQJVDOWVLQWRVROXEOHVDOWVDQGLQVROXEOHVDOWV
.HODVNDQJDUDPJDUDPEHULNXWNHSDGDJDUDPODUXWGDQJDUDPWDNODUXW

6RGLXPFDUERQDWH1D&2/HDG,,VXOSKDWH3E62
1DWULXPNDUERQDW1D&23OXPEXP,,VXOIDW3E62

6LOYHUFKORULGH$J&O0DJQHVLXPQLWUDWH0J12

$UJHQWXPNORULGD$J&O0DJQHVLXPQLWUDW0J12

6ROXEOHVDOWV ,QVROXEOHVDOWV
Garam terlarut Garam tak terlarut

I

>PDUNV@

7RWDO

7ULDO630 68/,7

68/,7

%UD]LOWKHILIWKODUJHVWFRXQWU\LQWKHZRUOGLPSRUWVQRRLOVLQFHKDOILWVFDUVUXQRQ
DOFRKROIXHOPDGHIURPVXJDUFDQH'LDJUDPVKRZVDQDOFRKROIXHOVWDWLRQLQ%UD]LO
%UD]LOQHJDUD\DQJNHOLPDEHVDUGLGXQLDWLGDNPHQJLPSRUWSHWUROVHSDUXKGDULSDGD
NHUHWDGLQHJDUDLWXPHQJJXQDNDQEDKDQDSLDONRKRO\DQJGLEXDWGDULSDGDDLUWHEX
5DMDKPHQXQMXNNDQVHEXDKVWHVHQEDKDQDSLDONRKROGL%UD]LO

'LDJUDP
5DMDK
'LIIHUHQWW\SHVRIDOFRKROVSURGXFHGLIIHUHQWKHDWRIFRPEXVWLRQV7KHYDOXHRIWKH
KHDWRIFRPEXVWLRQLVGHSHQGHGRQWKHQXPEHURIFDUERQDWRPVSHUDOFRKROPROHFXOH
3ODQDODERUDWRU\H[SHULPHQWWRFRPSDUHWKHKHDWFRPEXVWLRQRIPHWKDQROHWKDQRO
DQGSURSDQRO
-HQLVMHQLVDONRKRO\DQJEHUODLQDQPHQJKDVLONDQKDEDSHPEDNDUDQ\DQJEHUODLQDQ
1LODLKDEDSHPEDNDUDQDGDODKEHUJDQWXQJNHSDGDELODQJDQDWRPNDUERQSHU
PROHNXODONRKRO5DQFDQJVDWX HNVSHULPHQPDNPDOXQWXNPHPEDQGLQJNDQKDED
SHPEDNDUDQEDJLPHWDQROHWDQROGDQSURSDQRO

<RXUSODQQLQJVKRXOGLQFOXGHWKHIROORZLQJDVSHFWV
3HUDQFDQJDQDQGDKDUXVODKPHQJDQGXQJLDVSHNDVSHNEHULNXW

D $LPRIWKHH[SHULPHQW
7XMXDQHNVSHULPHQ

E $OOWKHYDULDEOHV
6HPXDSHPEROHKXEDK

F 6WDWHPHQWRIWKHK\SRWKHVLV
3HUQ\DWDDQKLSRWHVLV

G /LVWRIVXEVWDQFHVDQGDSSDUDWXV
6HQDUDLEDKDQGDQDODWUDGDV

H 3URFHGXUHRIWKHH[SHULPHQW
3URVHGXUHNVSHULPHQ

I 7DEXODWLRQRIGDWD
3HQMDGXDODQGDWD
>PDUNV@

(1'2)48(67,213$3(5
KERTAS SOALAN TAMAT
7ULDO630 68/,7

68/,7

3HUDWXUDQ3HUPDUNDKDQ
&+(0,675<
.HUWDV
2JRV

%$+$*,$13(1*8586$1
6(.2/$+%(5$65$0$3(18+'$16(.2/$+.(&(0(5/$1*$1
.(0(17(5,$13(/$-$5$10$/$<6,$

3(5$785$13(50$5.$+$1

3(3(5,.6$$13(5&8%$$1
6,-,/3(/$-$5$10$/$<6,$

&+(0,675<
75,$/

0$5.,1*6&+(0(

3$3(5

7ULDO+DN&LSWD6HNRODK%HUDVUDPD3HQXK 68/,7

68/,7

6.(0$.(57$6
&+(0,675<

& &
% '
& '
' '
$ %
$ %
& $
$ &
$ $
& &
$ &
% %
& &
$ &
& '
' %
' %
$ '
& &
% %
% &
$ %
' '
% $
$ &


68/,7

3HUDWXUDQ3HUPDUNDKDQ
&+(0,675<
.HUWDV
2JRV

%$+$*,$13(1*8586$1
6(.2/$+%(5$65$0$3(18+'$16(.2/$+.(&(0(5/$1*$1
.(0(17(5,$13(/$-$5$10$/$<6,$

3(5$785$13(50$5.$+$1

3(3(5,.6$$13(5&8%$$1
6,-,/3(/$-$5$10$/$<6,$

&+(0,675<
75,$/

0$5.,1*6&+(0(

3$3(5


68/,7

0$5.,1*6&+(0()25&+(0,675<3$3(5

1R $QVZHU 0DUN
DL =LQF

LL 7KHSUHVHQFHRI;]LQFDWRPVGLVUXSWVWKHRUGHUO\DUUDQJHPHQWVRI
FRSSHUDWRPV
7KLVUHGXFHWKHOD\HUVRIDWRPVIURPVOLGLQJRYHURQHDQRWKHUHDVLO\

LLL 6WHHO

EL 6LOLFRQGLR[LGHVLOLFDVDQG

LL +HDWUHVLVWDQWFDQZLWKVWDQGZLWKKLJKWHPSHUDWXUH

FL +&O
__
& &
__
++

LL 3RO\YLQ\OFKORULGHSRO\FKORURHWKHQH

LLL SRO\PHUL]DWLRQ

727$/

1R $QVZHU 0DUN
D +RUL]RQWDOURZRIHOHPHQWVLQWKH3HULRGLF7DEOHRI(OHPHQWV
E $WRPVKDYHVKHOOVRFFXSLHGZLWKHOHFWURQ
FL &RUUHFWIRUPXODHRIUHDFWDQWVDQGSURGXFWV
%DODQFHGHTXDWLRQ
&O+2ĺ+&O+2&O

LL 6RGLXP 5HGOLWPXVSDSHUEOXH

&KORULQH %OXHOLWPXVSDSHUUHG


68/,7
1R $QVZHU 0DUN
GL $WRPLFVL]HGHFUHDVH

LL 3URWRQQXPEHUQXPEHURISURWRQQXFOHLFKDUJHLQFUHDVH
1XFOHLDWWUDFWLRQRQYDOHQFHHOHFWURQLVVWURQJHU

727$/

1R $QVZHU 0DUN
D 2[LGDWLRQ
EL 7RDOORZWKHPRYHPHQWIORZRILRQV
LL 3RWDVVLXPQLWUDWHVROXWLRQ>DQ\VXLWDEOHVXEVWDQFH@
F )URPFRSSHUHOHFWURGHWRVLOYHUHOHFWURGH
,QWHQVLW\RIEOXHFRORXUVROXWLRQLQFUHDVH
G
%HFDXVHWKHFRQFHQWUDWLRQQXPEHURI&XLQFUHDVH
&X&XH
H )RUPXODRIUHDFWDQWDQGSURGXFW
%DODQFHG
IL ,QFUHDVH
7KHGLVWDQFHEHWZHHQ]LQFDQGVLOYHULVIXUWKHUWKDQFRSSHUDQGVLOYHULQ
LL
HOHFWURFKHPLFDOVHULHV

727$/


68/,7
1R $QVZHU 0DUN
D $FKHPLFDOIRUPXODWKDWVKRZVWKHVLPSOHVWUDWLRRIDWRPRIHOHPHQW
LQDFRPSRXQG

E
1XPEHURIPROH0DVV

5HODWLYHDWRPLFPDVV
FL 1XPRIPROHRIFRSSHU

LL 1XPRIPROHRIR[\JHQ

G &X2
HL 0DJQHVLXPDQGK\GURFKORULFDFLG=LQFDQGVXOSKXULFDFLG
LL &X2+Æ&X+2
LLL %ODFNSRZGHUFKDQJHWREURZQ
LY :DWHU

727$/

1R $QVZHU 0DUN
DL 7HPSHUDWXUH
LL 1XPRIPROH PROPRO

9ROXPHRI+ [GPGPFP
E $YHUDJHUDWHRIUHDFWLRQLQH[SHULPHQW, FPVFPV

$YHUDJHUDWHRIUHDFWLRQLQH[SHULPHQW,, FPVFPV

FL 5DWHRIUHDFWLRQRIH[SHULPHQW,,LVKLJKHUWKDQH[SHULPHQW,

68/,7
1R $QVZHU 0DUN
FLL 7KHWHPSHUDWXUHRIUHDFWLRQIRUH[SHULPHQW,,LVKLJKHUWKDW
H[SHULPHQW,
7KHNLQHWLFHQHUJ\RIWKHSDUWLFOHVRIUHDFWDQWVIRUH[SHULPHQW,,LV
KLJKHUWKDQH[SHULPHQW,
7KHIUHTXHQF\RIHIIHFWLYHFROOLVLRQVLQFUHDVHV
G

727$/

1R $QVZHU 0DUN
D 7RUHGXFHWKHKHDWORVVWRWKHVXUURXQGLQJV
EL $VKLQQ\JUH\VROLGLVIRUPHG$FRORXUOHVVVROXWLRQWXUQVEOXH
LL 6LOYHUPHWDOLVIRUPHG&RSSHU,,LRQVIRUPHG
LLL &RSSHU

2[LGDWLRQQXPEHULQFUHDVHIURPWR

68/,7
1R $QVZHU 0DUN
FL 1XPRIPROH [PRO

+HDWHQHUJ\UHOHDVHG [N-N--
LL ș R&

[

G

$[LVZLWKODEHOHQHUJ\DQGWZROHYHO
&RUUHFWSRVLWLRQRIUHDFWDQWVDQGSURGXFWV
¨+ N-PRO

727$/

1R $QVZHU 0DUN
DL

S
&
Q

>'UDZDQGODEHO@

>$EOHWRGHVFULEHWKHDWRP&DUERQ@

+DVQXFOHXVDWWKHFHQWUHRIWKHDWRP
QXFOHXVFRQWDLQVSURWRQDQGQHXWURQ
KDVVKHOORFFXSLHGHOHFWURQ
YDOHQFHHOHFWURQV
0D[


68/,7
1R $QVZHU 0DUN
LL &DUERQ&DUERQ

&&

EL 3
%RLOLQJSRLQW3KLJKHUWKDQPHOWLQJSRLQWQDSKWKDOHQH

LL 1DSKWKDOHQHLVIODPPDEOH

F $WWLPHW±W $WWLPHW±W $WWLPHW±W 0DUN

1DSKWKDOHQHLVLQ ,QOLTXLGDQGVROLGVWDWH ,QVROLGVWDWH

OLTXLGVWDWH
7KHPROHFXOHVDUH 7KHPROHFXOHVDUHFORVHO\ 7KHPROHFXOHVDUH

FORVHO\SDFN SDFN FORVHO\SDFN
7KHPROHFXOHVQRW 6RPHPROHFXOHVDUHLQ 7KHPROHFXOHVDUH

LQRUGHUO\ RUGHUO\DUUDQJHPHQWEXW LQRUGHUO\
DUUDQJHPHQW VRPHDUHQRWLQRUGHUO\ DUUDQJHPHQW
DUUDQJHPHQW
7KHNLQHWLFHQHUJ\ 7KHNLQHWLFHQHUJ\LV 7KHNLQHWLFHQHUJ\

GHFUHDVH FRQVWDQW GHFUHDVH
727$/


68/,7

6XE 0DUN
1R $QVZHU
0DUN
6ROYHQW;:DWHU+2
DL
6ROYHQW<3URSDQRQH0HWK\OEHQ]HQH

>DQ\RUJDQLFVROYHQW@

LL +\GURFKORULFLQVROYHQW;ZDWHUUHDFWVZLWKFRSSHU,,
R[LGH

+\GURFKORULFLQVROYHQW<SURSDQRQHGRHVQRWUHDFWVZLWK
FRSSHU,,R[LGH
$FLGRQO\VKRZVLWVDFLGLFSURSHUWLHVZKHQGLVVROYHLQZDWHU
,QWKHSUHVHQWRIZDWHUK\GURFKORULFDFLGLRQL]HWRIRUP+
LRQ

7KH+LRQFDXVHVWKHK\GURFKORULFDFLGUHDFWVZLWK
FRSSHU,,R[LGH

+&X2ĺ&X+2
3URGXFHFRSSHU,,FKORULGH&XLRQ
,QSURSDQRQHK\GURFKORULFDFLGH[LVWDVPROHFXOH,Q
SURSDQRQH+LRQLVQRWSUHVHQW
1HXWUDOLVDWLRQ
LLL &RUUHFWIRUPXODHRIUHDFWDQWDQGSURGXFW
%DODQFHGHTXDWLRQ

&X2+&Oĺ&X&O+2

1XPEHURIPROHRI+&O

1XPEHURIPROHRI&X2 PRO

0DVVRI&X2 ;JJ

E 6RGLXPK\GUR[LGHLVDVWURQJDONDOL6RGLXPK\GUR[LGH
LRQLVHVFRPSOHWHO\LQZDWHU
$PPRQLDLVDZHDNDONDOLDPPRQLDLRQLVHVSDUWLDOO\LQ

ZDWHU
7KHFRQFHQWUDWLRQRIK\GUR[LGHLRQVLQVRGLXPK\GUR[LGHLV
KLJKHUWKDQLQDPPRQLDVROXWLRQ
:KHQWKHFRQFHQWUDWLRQRIK\GUR[LGHLRQLVKLJKHUWKHS+
YDOXHLVKLJKHU

727$/

68/,7

1R $QVZHU 0DUN
D *HQHUDOIRUPXOD&Q+QQ «««
)XQFWLRQDOJURXS'RXEOHERQGEHWZHHQFDUERQDWRPV& &
6WUXFWXUDOIRUPXOD>%XWHQH%XWHQH@

([DPSOH

E &++2&+2+
&RQGLWLRQ
7HPSHUDWXUHR&
0D[
3UHVVXUHDWP
&DWDO\VW&RQFHQWUDWHG3KRVSKRULFDFLG

F <LVXQVDWXUDWHGK\GURFDUERQ
<UHDFWZLWKEURPLQH
%XWDQHLVVDWXUDWHGK\GURFDUERQ
%XWDQHGRHVQRWUHDFWZLWKEURPLQH

G 6DPSOHDQVZHU
/LVWRIPDWHULDO%XWDQRO>HWDQRLFDFLG@FRQFHQWUDWHGVXOSKXULFDFLG
3URFHGXUH

3RXU>@FPEXWDQROLQWRDERLOLQJWXEH
$GG>@FPRIHWKDQRLFDFLG
$GGGURSVRIFRQFHQWUDWHGVXOSKXULFDFLG
+HDWWKHPL[WXUHFDUHIXOO\RYHUDVPDOOIODPH
%RLOWKHPL[WXUHVORZO\DERXWWRPLQXWHV
3RXUWKHFRQWHQWRIWKHERLOLQJWXEHLQWRWKHEHDNHUFRQWDLQLQJZDWHU
6PHOOWKHFRQWHQWVRIWKHEHDNHU
2EVHUYDWLRQ)UXLW\VPHOOVXEVWDQFHSURGXFHG
&KHPLFDOHTXDWLRQ

&+2+&+&22+&+&22&++2
&RUUHFWIRUPXODHRIUHDFWDQWV
&RUUHFWIRUPXODHRISURGXFWV
1DPH%XWK\OHWKDQRDWH
0D[
727$/

68/,7

6XE 0DUN
1R $QVZHU
0DUN
D $FLGLFJDVHVUHOHDVHGLQLQGXVWULHVGLVVROYHGLQUDLQZDWHUZDWHU
YDSRXU
WRIRUPHOHFWURO\WHZKLFKLQFUHDVHVWKHUDWHRI rusting

E 5HDFWLRQ,LVQRWDUHGR[UHDFWLRQ

1RFKDQJHLQR[LGDWLRQQXPEHUIRUDOOHOHPHQWVEHIRUHDQG
DIWHUWKHUHDFWLRQ

+&O1D2+Æ+21D&O

2[LGDWLRQ1R

5HDFWLRQ,,LVDUHGR[UHDFWLRQ

2[LGDWLRQQXPEHUVRIPDJQHVLXPLQFUHDVHVIURPWR
DQGFRSSHUGHFUHDVHVIURPWR

0JV&X62DTÆ0J62&X

2[LGDWLRQ1R
F

6WHS &KHPLFDOVXVHG 2EVHUYDWLRQ

, $Q\VXLWDEOH &RUUHFWFRUUHVSRQGLQJ
R[LGLVLQJDJHQW REVHUYDWLRQ%OXHVROXWLRQ
RI&RSSHU,,VXOSKDWH
HJ&RSSHU,,
VROXWLRQEHFRPHVSDOHURU
VXOSKDWHVROXWLRQ
FRORXUOHVV

,, $Q\VXLWDEOH &RUUHFWFRUUHVSRQGLQJ
UHGXFLQJDJHQW REVHUYDWLRQ]LQFSRZGHU
GLVVROYHVEURZQFRORXURI
HJ]LQFSRZGHU
LURQ,,,LRQVEHFRPHVSDOH
JUHHQ

68/,7
G 6DPSOHDQVZHU

/DEHOHGGLDJUDP
)XQFWLRQDODSSDUDWXV
/DEHOFRQVLVWVRIRQHUHGXFLQJDJHQWDQGRQH
R[LGL]LQJDJHQWLQVROXWLRQIRUPVHSDUDWHG

E\DVDOWEULGJH

6DPSOHDQVZHU

3URFHGXUH

)LOOHGWKH³8WXEH´ZLWKGLOXWH+62XQWLOFPIURP
WKHPRXWKRIHDFKDUP
$GGSRWDVVLXPLRGLGHVROXWLRQFDUHIXOO\WRRQHDUPDQG
EURPLQHZDWHUWRDQRWKHUDUPXQWLOFPKHLJKW
,PPHUVHGWKHFDUERQHOHFWURGHVWRHDFKDUPDQG
FRQQHFWWRWKHJDOYDQRPHWHUXVLQJFRQQHFWLQJZLUH
6. 5HFRUGWKHREVHUYDWLRQ
+DOIHTXDWLRQVLQYROYHG

(OHFWURGHLQ.,$QRGH,Æ,H

8. (OHFWURGHLQ%U&DWKRGH%UHÆ%U
2EVHUYDWLRQ
(OHFWURGHLQ.,$QRGHFRORXUOHVVVROXWLRQRI.,
EHFRPHVEURZQ
(OHFWURGHLQ%U&DWKRGH%URZQFRORXURIEURPLQH
EHFRPHVFRORXUOHVV

727$/

(1'2)0$5.,1*6&+(0(


68/,7
0$5.,1*6&+(0(
&+(0,675<
Paper

4XHVWLRQ 5XEULF 6FRUH
$EOHWRVWDWHDOOREVHUYDWLRQVFRUUHFWO\

6DPSOHDQVZHU

([SHULPHQW 2EVHUYDWLRQDWDQRGH
, %XEEOHVRIJDVUHOHDVHGHIIHUYHVFHQFHRFFXUV

,, &RSSHUDQRGHEHFRPHVWKLQQHUGLVVROYHGVPDOOHU
D
$EOHWRVWDWHRQHREVHUYDWLRQFRUUHFWO\
$EOHWRVWDWHDQLGHDRIREVHUYDWLRQ

6DPSOHDQVZHU
([SHULPHQW,DLUEXEEOHV
([SHULPHQW,,6L]HGHFUHDVHV
1RUHVSRQVHRUZURQJUHVSRQVH

$EOHWRVWDWHWKHLQIHUHQFHFRUUHFWO\EDVHGRQREVHUYDWLRQ

6DPSOHDQVZHU
&RSSHU,,LRQ&XSURGXFHG&RSSHULRQLVHV&RSSHUUHOHDVHG
HOHFWURQ&RSSHULVR[LGLVHG
$EOHWRVWDWHWKHLQIHUHQFHLQFRUUHFWO\

E
6DPSOHDQVZHU
$WRPFKDQJHGWRLRQ
$EOHWRVWDWHDQLGHDRILQIHUHQFH

6DPSOHDQVZHU
&RSSHUFKDQJHGLRQGLVFKDUJHG

+DNFLSWD6HNRODK%HUDVUDPD3HQXK
7ULDO630

68/,7

$EOHWRJLYHWKHK\SRWKHVLVDFFXUDWHO\

6DPSOHDQVZHU

:KHQFRSSHUHOHFWURGHVDUHXVHGLQVWHDGRIFDUERQHOHFWURGHVWKHW\SHVRI
SURGXFWVIRUPHGDWWKHHOHFWURGHVDUHGLIIHUHQW'LIIHUHQWHOHFWURGHDQRGH
SURGXFHVGLIIHUHQWSURGXFWV
F
$EOHWRJLYHWKHK\SRWKHVLVDOPRVWDFFXUDWHO\

6DPSOHDQVZHU

'LIIHUHQWSURGXFWVSURGXFHZKHQGLIIHUHQWHOHFWURGHDQRGHLVXVHG

$EOHWRVWDWHDQLGHDRIK\SRWKHVLV

6DPSOHDQVZHU
'LIIHUHQWFHOOVJLYHGLIIHUHQWSURGXFWV
(OHFWURGHFKDQJHDIIHFWLQIOXHQFHSURGXFW

$EOHWRVWDWHWKHWKUHHYDULDEOHVFRUUHFWO\

6DPSOHDQVZHU
0DQLSXODWHGYDULDEOH7\SHRIHOHFWURGHDQRGHFRSSHUDQGFDUERQ

5HVSRQGLQJYDULDEOH3URGXFWDWWKHDQRGH3URGXFWRIHOHFWURO\VLV
G &RQVWDQWYDULDEOH&RSSHU,,VXOSKDWH&X62(OHFWURO\WH
&RQFHQWUDWLRQRIHOHFWURO\WH
U9ROXPH
$EOHWRVWDWHDQ\WZRYDULDEOHVFRUUHFWO\
$EOHWRVWDWHDQ\RQHYDULDEOHFRUUHFWO\

$EOHWRSUHGLFWWKHSURGXFWFRUUHFWO\

6DPSOHDQVZHU
&KORULQHJDV&O
H $EOHWRSUHGLFWWKHSURGXFWOHVVDFFXUDWHO\

6DPSOHDQVZHU
+DORJHQJDV
$EOHWRVWDWHDQLGHDRISURGXFW

6DPSOHDQVZHU
*UHHQLVK\HOORZJDV%XEEOHVRIJDVR[\JHQ
1RUHVSRQVHJLYHQZURQJUHVSRQVH

7ULDO630

68/,7

$EOHWRPHDVXUHDOOWKHKHLJKWRISUHFLSLWDWHDFFXUDWHO\ZLWKRQHGHFLPDO
SODFHV
$QVZHU

D 7HVWWXEH

+HLJKWRI

SUHFLSLWDWH > > > > > > >

@ @ @ @ @ @ @

$EOHWRZULWHDQ\UHDGLQJVDFFXUDWHO\$OOUHDGLQJVFRUUHFWO\EXW

ZLWKRXWGHFLPDOSODFHV
$EOHWRZULWHDQ\UHDGLQJVFRUUHFWO\

$EOHWRGUDZWKHJUDSKFRUUHFWO\

L $[LV[YROXPHRIEDULXPFKORULGHFPDQGD[LV\KHLJKWRI
SUHFLSLWDWHFP
LL &RQVLVWHQWVFDOHDQGWKHJUDSKKDOIRIJUDSKSDSHU
LLL $OOWKHSRLQWVDUHWUDQVIHUUHGFRUUHFWO\
LY &RUUHFWFXUYH

E

$EOHWRGUDZWKHJUDSKLQFRUUHFWO\

L $[LV[YROXPHRIEDULXPFKORULGHDQGD[LV\KHLJKWRI
SUHFLSLWDWH,QYHUVHD[HV
LL &RQVLVWHQWVFDOH
LLL $ERXWSRLQWVDUHWUDQVIHUUHGFRUUHFWO\
LY &RUUHFWFXUYH
$EOHWRVWDWHDQLGHDWRGUDZWKHJUDSK

L 'UDZWKHD[LV[DQGD[LV\
LL ,QFFRUUHFWFXUYH

7ULDO630

68/,7

$EOHWRVWDWHWKHYROXPHDQGFDOFXODWHWKHQXPEHURIPROFRUUHFWO\

$QVZHU
FP
1RRIPROH [PRO

$EOHWRVWDWHWKHYROXPHFRUUHFWO\RUFDOFXODWHWKHQXPEHURIPRO
FRUUHFWO\
F

6DPSOHDQVZHU
FP[PRO

$EOHWRVWDWHDQLGHDWRFDOFXODWH

6DPSOHDQVZHU
[

$EOHWRZULWHWKHLRQLFHTXDWLRQFRUUHFWO\

6DPSOHDQVZHU
%D&U2Æ%D&U2
G $EOHWRZULWHWKHLRQLFHTXDWLRQLQFRUUHFWO\

6DPSOHDQVZHU
%D&U2%D&U2%D&U2Æ%D&U2
$EOHWRVWDWHDQLGHDRIZULWLQJHTXDWLRQ

6DPSOHDQVZHU
%D&O.&U2Æ%D&U2.&O

7ULDO630

68/,7

$EOHWRJLYHWKHPHDQLQJRIWKHSUHFLSLWDWLRQUHDFWLRQFRUUHFWO\

6DPSOHDQVZHU
<HOORZSUHFLSLWDWHLVIRUPHGZKHQEDULXPFKORULGHVROXWLRQUHDFWVZLWK
SRWDVVLXPFKURPDWH9,VROXWLRQ
H
$EOHWRJLYHWKHPHDQLQJRIWKHUDWHRIUHDFWLRQOHVVDFFXUDWHO\

6DPSOHDQVZHU

<HOORZSUHFLSLWDWHLVIRUPHG

$EOHWRJLYHDQLGHDRIWKHUDWHRIUHDFWLRQ

6DPSOHDQVZHU
'RXEOHGHFRPSRVLWLRQUHDFWLRQ

$EOHWRFODVVLI\DOOWKHVDOWVFRUUHFWO\
6DPSOHDQVZHU

6ROXEOHVDOWV ,QVROXEOHVDOWV

6RGLXPFDUERQDWH1D&2 /HDG,,VXOSKDWH3E62

0DJQHVLXPQLWUDWH0J12 6LOYHUFKORULGH$J&O

I
$EOHWRFODVVLI\DQ\WKUHHVDOWVFRUUHFWO\
$EOHWRFODVVLI\DQ\WZRVDOWVFRUUHFWO\RUJLYHRSSRVLWHDQVZHUV

6DPSOHDQVZHU

,QVROXEOHVDOWV 6ROXEOHVDOWV
6RGLXPFDUERQDWH1D&2 /HDG,,VXOSKDWH3E62
0DJQHVLXPQLWUDWH0J12 6LOYHUFKORULGH$J&O


7ULDO630

68/,7

$EOHWRJLYHWKHDLPRIWKHH[SHULPHQWFRUUHFWO\

6DPSOHDQVZHU

7RFRPSDUHWKHKHDWRIFRPEXVWLRQRIGLIIHUHQWDOFRKROVPHWKDQRO
HWKDQROSURSDQRO

$EOHWRJLYHDUHOHYDQWLGHDZLWKWKHSUREOHPVWDWHPHQWRUDLPRIWKH
H[SHULPHQW
D
6DPSOHDQVZHU
7RGHWHUPLQHKHDWUHOHDVHZKHQDOFRKROVLVEXUQ
'RHVDOFRKROZLWKDKLJKHUQXPEHURIFDUERQDWRPVSHUPROHFXOH
KDYHDKLJKHUKHDWRIFRPEXVWLRQ"
'RHVFRPEXVWLRQUHOHDVHGLIIHUHQWTXDQWLW\RIKHDW"



$EOHWRVWDWHDOOYDULDEOHVFRUUHFWO\

6DPSOHDQVZHU

0DQLSXODWHGYDULDEOH'LIIHUHQWW\SHRIDOFRKROVW\SHRI

DOFRKROVPHWKDQROHWKDQROSURSDQRO

5HVSRQGLQJYDULDEOH+HDWRIFRPEXVWLRQ

E
&RQWUROOHGYDULDEOH9ROXPHRIZDWHUFRSSHUFDQWKHUPRPHWHU

$EOHWRVWDWHDQ\WZRYDULDEOHVDERYHFRUUHFWO\

$EOHWRVWDWHDQ\RQHYDULDEOHDERYHFRUUHFWO\

7ULDO630

68/,7

$EOHWRJLYHWKHK\SRWKHVLVRIWKHH[SHULPHQWDFFXUDWHO\

6DPSOHDQVZHU

7KHKLJKHUWKHQXPEHURIFDUERQDWRPVLQWKHDOFRKROPROHFXOHVWKH
KLJKHUWKHKHDWRIFRPEXVWLRQ

$EOHWRJLYHWKHK\SRWKHVLVRIWKHH[SHULPHQWFRUUHFWO\

6DPSOHDQVZHU
7KHKHDWRIFRPEXVWLRQLQFUHDVHVZKHQWKHQXPEHURIFDUERQSHU
PROHFXOHRIDOFRKROLQFUHDVHV'LIIHUHQWW\SHVRIDOFRKROVKDYH
F GLIIHUHQWKHDWRIFRPEXVWLRQ7KHODUJHUWKHVL]HRIDOFRKROV
PROHFXOHWKHKLJKHUWKHKHDWRIFRPEXVWLRQZKHQWKHPRODUPDVV
RIDOFRKROLQFUHDVHVWKHKHDWRIFRPEXVWLRQLQFUHDVHV

$EOHWRJLYHDUHOHYDQWLGHDZLWKWKHK\SRWKHVLVRIWKHH[SHULPHQW

6DPSOHDQVZHU

6L]HPRODUPDVVRIDOFRKROPROHFXOHDIIHFWWKHKHDWRIFRPEXVWLRQ
1XPEHURIFDUERQDWRPLQDOFRKRODIIHFWWKHKHDWUHOHDVHGLQ
FRPEXVWLRQ $OFRKROVKDYHGLIIHUHQWKHDWRIFRPEXVWLRQ.


$EOHWRJLYHWKHOLVWRIWKHPDWHULDOVDQGDSSDUDWXV
FRUUHFWO\DQGFRPSOHWHO\

VDPSOHDQVZHU

0DWHULDOPHWKDQROHWKDQROSURSDQROZDWHU

$SSDUDWXV&RSSHUFDQWULSRGVWDQGWKHUPRPHWHUPHDVXULQJ

F\OLQGHUVSLULWODPSZHLJKLQJEDODQFHZRRGHQEORFN
ZLQGVKLHOG
$EOHWROLVWRXWDOOKHPDWHULDOVDQGWKHDSSDUDWXVFRUUHFWO\EXWQRW

G FRPSOHWHO\

6DPSOHDQVZHU

PHWKDQROHWKDQROSURSDQROZDWHU

&RSSHUFDQWKHUPRPHWHUVSLULWODPSZHLJKLQJEDODQFH
$EOHWRJLYHDQLGHDDERXWWKHOLVWRIWKHPDWHULDOVDQG
WKHDSSDUDWXV

6DPSOHDQVZHU
7KHUPRPHWHUDQGDQ\RQHVXEVWDQFH
7ULDO630

68/,7

$EOHWRVWDWHDOOSURFHGXUHVFRUUHFWO\

6DPSOHDQVZHU
>±@FPRIZDWHULVPHDVXUHGDQGSRXULQWRDFRSSHU
FDQ
7KHLQLWLDOWHPSHUDWXUHRIZDWHULVUHFRUGHG
7KHFRSSHUFDQLVSODFHGRQDWULSRGVWDQG
$VSLULWODPSLVILOOHGZLWKPHWKDQRODQGWKHLQLWLDOPDVVLV
ZHLJKWHGDQGUHFRUGHG
7KHVSLULWODPSLVSXWXQGHUWKHFRSSHUFDQDQGWKHZLFNRI
WKHODPSLVOLJKWHGLPPHGLDWHO\
7KHZDWHULVVWLUUHGZLWKWKHWKHUPRPHWHUXQWLOWKH
H WHPSHUDWXUHULVHVDERXWR&
7KHIODPHLVSXWRIIDQGWKHKLJKHVWWHPSHUDWXUHLVUHFRUGHG
7KHVSLULWODPSDQGLWVFRQWHQWLVZHLJKHGLPPHGLDWHO\DQG
WKHILQDOPDVVLVUHFRUGHG
6WHSVWRDUHUHSHDWHGXVLQJHWKDQRODQGSURSDQROWR
UHSODFHPHWKDQRO

$EOHWROLVWGRZQVWHSVDQG

$EOHWROLVWGRZQVWHSVDQG


I $EOHWRWDEXODWHWKHGDWDZLWKWKHIROORZLQJDVSHFWV
L &RUUHFWWLWOHV
LL &RUUHFWXQLW
LLL&RPSOHWHOLVWRIDOFRKROV
7\SHVRI ,QLWLDO +LJKHVW ,QLWLDOPDVVRI )LQDOPDVVRI

DOFRKROV WHPSHUDWXUHR& WHPSHUDWXUHR& VSLULWODPSJ VSLULWODPSJ

0HWKDQRO

(WKDQRO

3URSDQ
RO

7ULDO630

68/,7

$EOHWRWDEXODWHWKHGDWDZLWKWKHIROORZLQJDVSHFWV
L &RUUHFWWLWOHV
LL &RPSOHWHOLVWRIDOFRKROV

6DPSOHDQVZHU
7\SHVRI ,QLWLDO +LJKHVW ,QLWLDOPDVVRI )LQDOPDVVRI
DOFRKROV WHPSHUDWXUH WHPSHUDWXUH VSLULWODPS VSLULWODPS

0HWKDQRO
(WKDQRO
3URSDQRO

$EOHWRH[KLELWWKHWDEXODWLRQRIGDWDOHVVDFFXUDWHO\

6DPSOHDQVZHU
7\SHVRI ,QLWLDO +LJKHVW
DOFRKROV WHPSHUDWXUH WHPSHUDWXUH

0HWKDQRO

(WKDQRO


(1'2)0$5.,1*6&+(0(

7ULDO630

RALAT CHEMISTRY PAPER 1
No Asal (pilihan jawapan) Pembetulan

13
m.s.7 A SHQWHQH A 3HQWHQH
2-pentena Pent-2-ena
B PHWK\OEXWHQH B PHWK\OEXWHQH
2-metil-1-butena 2-metilbut-1-ena
C PHWK\OEXWHQH C PHWK\OEXWHQH
D PHWK\OEXWHQH D PHWK\OEXWHQH
No Asal (pilihan jawapan) Pembetulan

14
m.s.7 Atom Molecule 6XEVWDQFH 3DUWLFOH
Atom Molekul Bahan Zarah
A Carbon Carbon dioxide $ &DUERQ $WRP
Karbon Karbon dioksida .DUERQ $WRP
B Sulphur dioxide Sulphuric acid % 6XOSKXUGLR[LGH ,RQ
Sulfur dioksida Asid sulfurik 6XOIXUGLRNVLGD ,RQ
C Sodium Sodium chloride & 6RGLXP 0ROHFXOH
Natrium Natrium klorida 1DWULXP 0ROHNXO
D Silicon dioxide Silicon ' 6LOLFRQGLR[LGH ,RQ
Silikon dioksida Silikon 6LOLNRQGLRNVLGD ,RQ
No Asal (soalan) Pembetulan

24 $FDUERQFRPSRXQG4KDVWKHFKDUDFWHULVWLFV $FDUERQFRPSRXQG4KDVWKHFKDUDFWHULVWLFV
m.s.14 EHORZ EHORZ
x &RORXUOHVV WKH EURZQ FRORXU RI 6DWXVHEDWLDQNDUERQ4PHPSXQ\DLFLUULFLUL
EURPLQHZDWHU EHULNXW
x &RORXUOHVV WKH SXUSOH FRORXU RI x 'HFRORXULVH WKH EURZQ FRORXU RI
DFLGLILHGSRWDVVLXPPDQJDQDWH9,, EURPLQHZDWHU
x 'HFRORXULVH WKH SXUSOH FRORXU RI
:KDWLV4" DFLGLILHGSRWDVVLXPPDQJDQDWH9,,

x 0HQQ\DKZDUQDNDQ ZDUQD SHUDQJ DLU
EURPLQ
x 0HQQ\DKZDUQDNDQ ZDUQD XQJX NDOLXP
PDQJDQDW9,,EHUDVLG

:KDWLV4"
$SDNDK4
ERATA
CHEMISTRY PAPER 2
KIMIA KERTAS 2
BAHAGIAN A : MUKA SURAT 2 , SOALAN 1
Asal
0DQXIDFWXUHGSURGXFWV 1DPHRISURGXFWV &RPSRQHQWV
<VRGLXPR[LGHDQGOHDG
*ODVV /HDGJODVV
<QDWULXPRNVLGDGDQSOXPEXP
.DFD .DFDSOXPEXP

Sepatutnya
0DQXIDFWXUHG
SURGXFWV 1DPHRISURGXFWV &RPSRQHQWV
<VRGLXPR[LGHDQGOHDG,,R[LGH
*ODVV /HDGJODVV
<QDWULXPRNVLGDGDQSOXPEXP,,RNVLGD
.DFD .DFDSOXPEXP

BAHAGIAN C : MUKA SURAT 21 , SOALAN 10(d)
Asal
'HQJDQ PHQJJXQDNDQ ODUXWDQ NDOLXP LRGLGD DVLG VXOIXULN FDLU GDQ DLU EURPLQH KXUDLNDQ VDWX
HNVSHULPHQXQWXNPHQJHVDKNDQSHUQ\DWDDQGLDWDV

Sepatutnya:
'HQJDQ PHQJJXQDNDQ ODUXWDQ NDOLXP LRGLGD DVLG VXOIXULN FDLU GDQ DJHQ SHQJRNVLGDDQ \DQJ VHVXDL
KXUDLNDQVDWXHNVSHULPHQXQWXNPHQJHVDKNDQSHUQ\DWDDQGLDWDV
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 (SOALAN)
RALAT
RUJUKAN ASAL PEMBETULAN
PV (DFKWHVWWXEHLVVWRSSHUDQGVKDNHQZHOO (DFKWHVWWXEHLVVWRSSHUHGDQGVKDNHQ

1REDULV ZHOO

PV 8VLQJWKHUXOHU 8VLQJDUXOHU
QRD

PV %DVHGRQWKHWDEOHDERYH %DVHGRQWKHJUDSKDERYH
QREDULV

PV %DVHGRQWKLVH[SHULPHQWVWDWHWKH 6WDWHWKHRSHUDWLRQDOGHILQLWLRQIRUWKH
QRH RSHUDWLRQDOGHILQLWLRQIRUWKH SUHFLSLWDWLRQRIEDULXPFKURPDWH9,
SUHFLSLWDWLRQUHDFWLRQ 1\DWDNDQGHILQLVLVHFDUDRSHUDVLEDJL
%HUGDVDUNDQHNSHULPHQLQLQ\DWDNDQ SHPHQGDNDQEDULXPNURPDW9,
GHILQLVLVHFDUDRSHUDVLEDJLWLQGDN
EDODVSHPHQGDNDQ

SKEMA PAPER 3
RUJUKAN ASAL PEMBETULAN
PV1RH $EOHWRJLYHWKHPHDQLQJRIWKHUDWHRI $EOHWRJLYHWKHPHDQLQJRIWKH

6NRU UHDFWLRQOHVVDFFXUDWHO\ SUHFLSLWDWLRQUHDFWLRQOHVVDFFXUDWHO\

SPM Trial 2011 Che Qa SBP

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

SPM Trial 2011 Che Qa SBP

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

68/,7 

,, &RSSHU ,, QLWUDWHDQGVRGLXPFKORULGH

,,  

LLL 6WDWHWKHQDPHRIWKHVXEVWDQFHWKDWLVR[LGLVHGGXULQJWKHUHDFWLRQ

.HUWDVVRDODQLQLPHQJDQGXQJWLJDVRDODQSoalan 1, Soalan2GDQSoalan 3

-DZDEVHPXDVRDODQ7XOLVNDQMDZDSDQEDJLSoalan 1 GDQ Soalan 2 SDGDUXDQJ\DQJ

2011 Hak cipta Sekolah Berasrama Penuh 68/,7

1R $QVZHU 0DUN

1R $QVZHU 0DUN

LLL %ODFNSRZGHUFKDQJHWREURZQ 

E $YHUDJHUDWHRIUHDFWLRQLQH[SHULPHQW, FPVFPV

1R $QVZHU 0DUN

LL 6LOYHUPHWDOLVIRUPHG&RSSHU ,, LRQVIRUPHG 

LLL &RSSHU

1R $QVZHU 0DUN

LL ș R& 

1R $QVZHU 0DUN

F $WWLPHW±W $WWLPHW±W $WWLPHW±W 0DUN

7KHPROHFXOHVDUH 7KHPROHFXOHVDUHFORVHO\ 7KHPROHFXOHVDUH

7KHPROHFXOHVQRW 6RPHPROHFXOHVDUHLQ 7KHPROHFXOHVDUH

7KHNLQHWLFHQHUJ\ 7KHNLQHWLFHQHUJ\LV 7KHNLQHWLFHQHUJ\ 

6WHS &KHPLFDOVXVHG 2EVHUYDWLRQ

4XHVWLRQ 5XEULF 6FRUH

4XHVWLRQ 5XEULF 6FRUH

4XHVWLRQ 5XEULF 6FRUH

4XHVWLRQ 5XEULF 6FRUH

4XHVWLRQ 5XEULF 6FRUH

4XHVWLRQ 5XEULF 6FRUH

4XHVWLRQ 5XEULF 6FRUH

4XHVWLRQ 5XEULF 6FRUH

7\SHVRI ,QLWLDO +LJKHVW ,QLWLDOPDVVRI )LQDOPDVVRI

No Asal (pilihan jawapan) Pembetulan

No Asal (pilihan jawapan) Pembetulan

No Asal (soalan) Pembetulan

BAHAGIAN A : MUKA SURAT 2 , SOALAN 1

BAHAGIAN C : MUKA SURAT 21 , SOALAN 10(d)

RUJUKAN ASAL PEMBETULAN

PV (DFKWHVWWXEHLVVWRSSHUDQGVKDNHQZHOO (DFKWHVWWXEHLVVWRSSHUHGDQGVKDNHQ

RUJUKAN ASAL PEMBETULAN

PV1RH $EOHWRJLYHWKHPHDQLQJRIWKHUDWHRI $EOHWRJLYHWKHPHDQLQJRIWKH

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen

68/,7

,, &RSSHU,,QLWUDWHDQGVRGLXPFKORULGH

,,

LLL6WDWHWKHQDPHRIWKHVXEVWDQFHWKDWLVR[LGLVHGGXULQJWKHUHDFWLRQ

.HUWDVVRDODQLQLPHQJDQGXQJWLJDVRDODQSoalan 1, Soalan2GDQSoalan 3

-DZDEVHPXDVRDODQ7XOLVNDQMDZDSDQEDJLSoalan 1 GDQ Soalan 2 SDGDUXDQJ\DQJ

2011 Hak cipta Sekolah Berasrama Penuh 68/,7

1R $QVZHU 0DUN

1R $QVZHU 0DUN

LLL %ODFNSRZGHUFKDQJHWREURZQ

E $YHUDJHUDWHRIUHDFWLRQLQH[SHULPHQW, FPVFPV

1R $QVZHU 0DUN

LL 6LOYHUPHWDOLVIRUPHG&RSSHU,,LRQVIRUPHG

1R $QVZHU 0DUN

LL ș R&

1R $QVZHU 0DUN

F $WWLPHW±W $WWLPHW±W $WWLPHW±W 0DUN

7KHNLQHWLFHQHUJ\ 7KHNLQHWLFHQHUJ\LV 7KHNLQHWLFHQHUJ\

PV (DFKWHVWWXEHLVVWRSSHUDQGVKDNHQZHOO (DFKWHVWWXEHLVVWRSSHUHGDQGVKDNHQ

PV1RH $EOHWRJLYHWKHPHDQLQJRIWKHUDWHRI $EOHWRJLYHWKHPHDQLQJRIWKH