University of Sharjah

Mechanical Engineering Department

summer 19
Fluid Mechanics Lab
Lab Report for Experiment # _7___
- Objective: Determination of Reynolds numbers, friction factors and Pressure drops.
- To obtain data on the Reynolds numbers and friction factors of is to determine the flow
rates and pressure drops in the individual sections of the network.
- Group No:_____________________ ______________________________________

Student’s Names ID’s# Marks (30)

Mohamed arif U17102094
Anas abdullatif U17101630
Ahmed hassan U17102795
Hassan mohammad U17103537
Khalil mohammed U17102264
Lab Instructor Dr Khalid Ramadan
Lab Engineer Engg. Saad Nazir
Experiment Date 10-7-2019
Submission Date 15-7-2019

Examiners Comments

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 Table of Contents
Abstract ...................................................................................................................................... 3
Introduction and Theory ............................................................................................................ 4
Apparatus and Procedures.......................................................................................................... 9
Table(s) of Readings, Sample Calculations and Graph(s) ....................................................... 12
References ................................................................................................................................ 15

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 Abstract
In this experiment we learnt how to measure Reynolds number, friction factors
and pressure drops for four pipe coils of different diameters and connected in
series, in both laminar and turbulent flow from darcy and Reynolds equations,
then we filled the tables and plotted the graphs between flow rate and head loss,
Reynolds numbers and friction factors for each diameters, ending by comparing
the result to the real value.

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 Introduction and theory

Introduction:
In fluid dynamics, pipe network analysis is the analysis of the fluid
flow through a hydraulics network, containing several or many
interconnected branches. The aim is to determine the flow
rates and pressure drops in the individual sections of the network. This
is a common problem in hydraulic design.

Theory:

Network arrangements

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5
The Head Loss Equation

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Available coil sizes:

Elements in Series

Aim: To determine the head v flow characteristics for elements connected in series.

Equipment Preparation: Prepare the equipment as specified.

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Calculate Flow velocity by using continuity equation and Renold, s No using
standard formulas.

Q= A x V (continuity equation)

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9
 Apparatus
cusson p6510 network of pipes

Water tank Water

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Flow meter Manometers

Thermometer Bench

Plugs

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 Procedure

Adjust the intermediate control valves so the water flows only in the
desired series network. Vent any air in the tubes, zero the
manometers readings and measure the water temperature using
thermometer. start the bench’s pump and keep controlling the flow
rate using the inlet valve each time and record the pressure drop
values for all the sections. Then switch off the pump after the
experiment.

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 Table(s) of Readings, Sample Calculations and Graph(s)

Calculations and Graphs

Configuration of network: Series connection

Water temperature: 23 °C

Kinematic viscosity: 0.9344 𝑚𝑚2 /𝑠

Bottom Element Tube Diameter 6.4 mm

Second Element Tube Diameter 8.4 mm
Third Element Tube Diameter 10.4 mm
Top Element Tube Diameter 13 mm

Volumetric Flow Rate Q

7 6 5 4 3 2
(L/min)
Head Loss Bottom
7.960 5.400 3.390 2.21 1.30 0.64
Element (m)
Head Loss 2nd Element
2.250 1.500 0.980 0.580 0.32 0.14
(m)
Head Loss 3rd Element
1.05 0.72 0.43 0.34 0.23 0.17
(m)
Head Loss Top Element
0.25 0.15 0.13 0.034 0.030 0.020
(m)
Velocity Bottom Element
3.627 3.108 2.5900 2.072 1.554 1.036
(m/s)
Velocity 2nd Element
2.105 1.804 1.5040 1.203 0.902 0.6011
(m/s)
Velocity 3rd Element
1.373 1.177 0.9810 0.785 0.589 0.3921
(m/s)
Velocity Top Element
0.879 0.753 0.6280 0.502 0.377 0.2511
(m/s)
Reynolds Number
24842.47 21287.671 17739.730 14191.78 10643.84 7095.891
Bottom Element
Reynolds Number 2nd
18923.37 16217.47 13520.551 10814.641 8108.73 5402.831
Element
Reynolds Number 3rd
15281.68 13100.171 10918.661 8737.161 6555.65 4363.011
Element
Reynolds Number Top
12229.24 10476.241 8737.161 6984.161 5245.8 3492.081
Element
Friction Factor Bottom
9.756E-3 9.013E-3 8.148E-3 8.230E-3 8.792E-3 9.6141E-3
Element
Friction Factor 2nd
0.0107 9.754E-3 9.168E-3 8.481E-3 8.323E-3 8.202E-3
Element
Friction Factor 3rd
0.0146 0.01361 0.01171 0.01451 0.01741 0.02901
Element
Friction Factor Top
0.0106 8.664E-3 0.0108 4.419E-3 6.913E-3 0.01041
Element
Sample Calculations:

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For the sample calculations we will use the first example, which is the bottom element with a flow
rate of 7 L/min.

𝑄
𝑣 = 𝐴 for Q = (7/60)/1000 = 1.1667 * 10^-4 m^3/s.

1.1667 ∗ 10^ − 4
𝑣= = 3.627 𝑚/𝑠
𝜋(6.4 × 10^ − 3)2
4
𝑑𝑣 3.627 ×6.4
Re = 𝜌= ∗ 1000 = 24842.47
𝑛 0.9344

𝑔𝑑 ℎ𝑓 9.81× 6.4 ×10^−3 × 7.96

𝑓= = = 9.756 × 10^ − 3
2 𝑙 𝑣2 2 ×1.947 ×3.6272

Head losses Vs Volumetric Flow Rate

1.00E+01

8.00E+00
Head losses (m)

6.00E+00 6.4 mm
4.00E+00 8.4 mm

2.00E+00 10.4 mm
13 mm
0.00E+00
2.00E-05 4.00E-05 6.00E-05 8.00E-05 1.00E-04 1.20E-04
Volumetric flow rate (m^3/s)

Reynolds Number Vs Volumetric Flow Rate

3.00E+04
Reynolds Number

2.50E+04
2.00E+04
6.4 mm
1.50E+04
8.4 mm
1.00E+04
10.4 mm
5.00E+03
0.00E+00 13.4 mm
0.00002 0.00004 0.00006 0.00008 0.0001 0.00012
Volumetric Flow Rate (m^3/s)

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 Friction factor VS Volumetric Flow Rate
3.50E-02
3.00E-02
Friction factor

2.50E-02
2.00E-02 6.4 mm
1.50E-02 8.4 mm
1.00E-02 10.4 mm
5.00E-03 13 mm
0.00E+00
0.00002 0.00004 0.00006 0.00008 0.0001 0.00012
Volumetric flow rate (m^3/s)

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 Reference

1-lab manual

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