Judit López

WORD FORMATION

Word Formation.
Adding prefixes (Pg. 181).
1. NEGATIVE MEANINGS.

 Dis-: Dislike, disrespect.

 In-: Inconvenience.
 Un-: Unconventional.
 Il-: Illiterate.
 Im-: Imperfect.
 Ir-: Irrelevant, irrational.

2. WHEN STH HAPPEN.

 Pre-: Premature (before).

 Post-: Postgraduate (after).

3. ATTITUDE.

 Pro-: pro-European (supporting).

 Anti-: anti-social (against).

4. OTHER.

 Mis-: misbehave (badly/wrongly).

 Re-: rebuild (again).
 Inter-: Interactive (between/among).
 Over-: Overview, oversee (from above).
 Under-: Underground, undermine (below).

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 Judit López
WORD FORMATION

Adding suffixes (Pg. 181-182).

1. VERB – NOUN.

SUFFIX VERB NOUN MEANING

recruit recruitment Process or result of making or doing
-ment
develop development something.
-ation accuse accusation
-ition define definition
Action or condition.
-tion distract distraction
-sion provide provision
-er fight fighter
Person/object that does something.
-or sail sailor
-ance acquaint acquaintance
Action, a series of actions, or a state.
-ence interfere interference
Person/object causing or performing
-ant contest contestant
the action.
-al arrive arrival Add the meaning “the action of”.
-ee train trainee Person affected by the verb.

2. ADJECTIVE – NOUN.

SUFFIX ADJECTIVE NOUN MEANING

-ance significant significance
Adjectives ending in –ant/-ent.
-ence convenient convenience
-ness ready readiness Quality or condition.
diverse diversity
-ity Ability.
liable liability

3. NOUN – ADJECTIVE.

SUFFIX NOUN ADJECTIVE MEANING

-y filth filthy “Like the started thing”.
Having the stated quality to a high
-ful fruit fruitful
degree, or causing it.
-ous number numberous
-less use useless Being without something.
-al nutrition nutritional Add the meaning “connected with”.
-ic idealist idealistic
What a person, thing or action is like.
-ish snob snobbish
-proof water waterproof Cannot be harmed by.

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 Judit López
WORD FORMATION

4. NOUN – NOUN.

SUFFIX NOUN NOUN MEANING

Describe social, political or religious
-ism material materialism
beliefs, studies or ways of behaving.
violin violinst People with a particular expertise, set
-ist
therapy therapist of beliefs or way of behaving.
Having the rank, position, skill or
-ship friend friendship
relationship of the stated type.
neightbor neightborhood The state of being a particular type of
-hood
brother brotherhood person.
king kingdom  Real or territory.
-dom
free freedom  State or condition.

5. ADJECTIVE/NOUN – VERB.

SUFFIX ADJECTIVE/NOUN VERB MEANING

-ise generalise/
general “To cause to become”.
-ize generalize
-ify clear clearify “To cause to become or to increase”.
red reden
-en Cause to have a quality.
wid widen

6. VERB – ADJECTIVE.

SUFFIX VERB ADJECTIVE MEANING

-able sustain sustainable “Able to receive the action” or “worth
-ible neglect negligible receiving the action”
-ed bias biased
-ing grip gripping
-ent persist persistent
“Showing the ability to perform the
-ive exclude exclusive
activity”.

7. ADJECTIVE – ADVERB.

SUFFIX ADJECTIVE ADVERB

-ly immense immensely
-ally heroic heroically

 Si acaba en –ic, se le añade -ally (excepto public).

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