UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP GRADUATE SCHOOL OF EDUCATION

System DALTA First Semester, SY 2019-2020

Additional Lecture Note

Topic: Sampling Techniques
 Stratified Sampling
In our discussion, it was mentioned that stratified sampling is done by first dividing the population
into a number of non-overlapping sub-populations or strata and then taking samples from each
stratum. Since the stratification of population results in strata of various sizes, determining the
sizes of the random sample selected from these strata must be given consideration. Here are
two procedures that can be used to determine the sample size per stratum.
Equal Allocation. The intended sample size (𝑛) is divided by the number of strata (𝑘) in order
to obtain the number of samples from each stratum (𝑛1 , 𝑛2 , … 𝑛𝑘 ). This is NOT advisable
for a population that has extreme sub-population sizes (either very small or very large).
𝑛
Formula: 𝑛𝑖 = 𝑘

Example: A company is composed of 24 administrative staff, 38 support staff, and 52

clerical staff. If you wish to conduct a work motivation survey on 50 staff and if you are
using equal allocation, you have to divide the intended sample size 50 by 3 since there
50
are three sub-populations; that is, ≈ 17. Hence, 17 staff should be chosen from each
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group.
Proportional Allocation. The size of each sub-population or stratum (𝑁1 , 𝑁2 , … 𝑁𝑘 ) is divided by
the population size (𝑁) and then multiplied by the intended sample size (𝑛).
𝑁
Formula: 𝑛𝑖 = ( 𝑁𝑖 ) 𝑛

Example: Suppose the company mentioned in the previous example is also composed of
50
10 contractual staff. If equal allocation is used, 𝑛𝑖 would equal to ≈ 13, which is more
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than the number of the contractual staff. This is where the proportional allocation
logically presents itself as a better option. Shown below is the number of staff that should
be taken from each sub-population in order to have a sample size of at least 50.
(Population size 𝑁 = 24 + 38 + 523 + 10 = 124)
𝑁 𝑁 𝑁 𝑁
𝑛1 = ( 𝑁1 ) 𝑛 𝑛2 = ( 𝑁2 ) 𝑛 𝑛3 = ( 𝑁3 ) 𝑛 𝑛4 = ( 𝑁4 ) 𝑛
24 38 52 10
= (124) 50 = (124) 50 = (124) 50 = (124) 50
≈ 10 ≈ 16 ≈ 21 ≈5

Hence, 10 administrative staff, 16 support staff, 21 clerical staff, and 5 contractual staff
should be included in the sample.

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UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP GRADUATE SCHOOL OF EDUCATION
System DALTA First Semester, SY 2019-2020

Name: __________________________________ Date: ________________ Score: _________

Activity:

A professor wishes to conduct a study on the usefulness of statistics as perceived by his former
students in Business Statistics, with a total number of 1,445 students, 895 of which are male.

a. Using equal allocation to select a stratified random sample of 750 students, find the
number of samples from each gender.

b. Using proportional allocation to have a sample size of 700, how many men and how many
women should be included in the sample?

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