Trig

1. Solve the equation 2cos x = sin 2x, for 0 ≤ x ≤ 3π.
(Total 7 marks)
2. The following diagram represents a large Ferris wheel, with a diameter of 100 metres.
Let P be a point on the wheel. The wheel starts with P at the lowest point, at ground level. The
wheel rotates at a constant rate, in an anticlockwise (counterclockwise) direction. One revolution
takes 20 minutes.
(a) Write down the height of P above ground level after
(i) 10 minutes;
(ii) 15 minutes.
(2)
Let h(t) metres be the height of P above ground level after t minutes. Some values of h(t) are given
in the table below.
t h(t)
0 0.0
1 2.4
2 9.5
3 20.6
4 34.5
5 50.0
IB Questionbank Maths SL 1
(b) (i) Show that h(8) = 90.5.
(ii) Find h(21).

(4)
(c) Sketch the graph of h, for 0 ≤ t ≤ 40.

(3)
(d) Given that h can be expressed in the form h(t) = a cos bt + c, find a, b and c.
(5)
(Total 14 marks)
3. The following diagram shows triangle ABC.
diagram not to scale
AB = 7 cm, BC = 9 cm and AB̂C = 120°.
(a) Find AC.

(3)
(b) Find BÂC .

(3)
(Total 6 marks)
4. The following diagram shows a waterwheel with a bucket. The wheel rotates at a constant rate in
an anticlockwise (counterclockwise) direction.
The diameter of the wheel is 8 metres. The centre of the wheel, A, is 2 metres above the water
level. After t seconds, the height of the bucket above the water level is given by h = a sin bt + 2.
(a) Show that a = 4.

(2)
The wheel turns at a rate of one rotation every 30 seconds.
π
(b) Show that b = .
15
(2)
In the first rotation, there are two values of t when the bucket is descending at a rate of
0.5 m s–1.
(c) Find these values of t.

(6)
(d) Determine whether the bucket is underwater at the second value of t.

(4)
(Total 14 marks)
5. There is a vertical tower TA of height 36 m at the base A of a hill. A straight path goes up the hill
from A to a point U. This information is represented by the following diagram.
The path makes a 4° angle with the horizontal.

The point U on the path is 25 m away from the base of the tower.
The top of the tower is fixed to U by a wire of length x m.
(a) Complete the diagram, showing clearly all the information above.
(3)
(b) Find x.
(4)
(Total 7 marks)
6. The diagram below shows a plan for a window in the shape of a trapezium.
Three sides of the window are 2 m long. The angle between the sloping sides of the window and
π
the base is θ, where 0 < θ < .
2
(a) Show that the area of the window is given by y = 4 sin θ + 2 sin 2θ.
(5)
(b) Zoe wants a window to have an area of 5 m2. Find the two possible values of θ.
(4)
(c) John wants two windows which have the same area A but different values of θ.
Find all possible values for A.

(7)
(Total 16 marks)
3
7. The straight line with equation y = x makes an acute angle θ with the x-axis.
4
(a) Write down the value of tan θ.

(1)
(b) Find the value of
(i) sin 2θ;
(ii) cos 2θ.

(6)
(Total 7 marks)
8. Let f(x) = cos 2x and g(x) = 2x2 – 1.
π
(a) Find f   .
2
(2)
π
(b) Find (g ° f)   .
2
(2)
(c) Given that (g ° f)(x) can be written as cos (kx), find the value of k, k  .
(3)
(Total 7 marks)
9. Let f(x) = 6 + 6sinx. Part of the graph of f is shown below.
The shaded region is enclosed by the curve of f, the x-axis, and the y-axis.
(a) Solve for 0 ≤ x < 2π.
(i) 6 + 6sin x = 6;
(ii) 6 + 6 sin x = 0.
(5)
(b) Write down the exact value of the x-intercept of f, for 0 ≤ x < 2.
(1)
(c) The area of the shaded region is k. Find the value of k, giving your answer in terms of π.
(6)
 π
Let g(x) = 6 + 6sin  x   . The graph of f is transformed to the graph of g.
 2
(d) Give a full geometric description of this transformation.

(2)
3π
p
(e) Given that 
p
2 g ( x)dx = k and 0 ≤ p < 2π, write down the two values of p.
(3)
(Total 17 marks)
10. The graph of y = p cos qx + r, for –5 ≤ x ≤ 14, is shown below.
There is a minimum point at (0, –3) and a maximum point at (4, 7).
(a) Find the value of
(i) p;
(ii) q;
(iii) r.
(6)
(b) The equation y = k has exactly two solutions. Write down the value of k.
(1)
(Total 7 marks)
11. The diagram below shows a quadrilateral ABCD with obtuse angles AB̂C and AD̂C .
AB = 5 cm, BC = 4 cm, CD = 4 cm, AD = 4 cm, BÂC = 30°, AB̂C = x°, AD̂C = y°.
(a) Use the cosine rule to show that AC = 41 40 cos x .

(1)
(b) Use the sine rule in triangle ABC to find another expression for AC.
(2)
(c) (i) Hence, find x, giving your answer to two decimal places.
(ii) Find AC.

(6)
(d) (i) Find y.
(ii) Hence, or otherwise, find the area of triangle ACD.

(5)
(Total 14 marks)
12. The diagram below shows a circle with centre O and radius 8 cm.
The points A, B, C, D, E and F are on the circle, and [AF] is a diameter. The length of arc ABC is
6 cm.
(a) Find the size of angle AOC.

(2)
(b) Hence find the area of the shaded region.

(6)
The area of sector OCDE is 45 cm2.
(c) Find the size of angle COE.

(2)
(d) Find EF.

(5)
(Total 15 marks)
13. The diagram shows two concentric circles with centre O.
The radius of the smaller circle is 8 cm and the radius of the larger circle is 10 cm.
π
Points A, B and C are on the circumference of the larger circle such that AÔB is radians.
3
(a) Find the length of the arc ACB.

(2)
(b) Find the area of the shaded region.

(4)
(Total 6 marks)
14. (a) Show that 4 – cos 2θ + 5 sin θ = 2 sin2 θ + 5 sin θ + 3.

(2)
(b) Hence, solve the equation 4 – cos 2θ + 5 sin θ = 0 for 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π.

(5)
(Total 7 marks)
15. The diagram shows quadrilateral ABCD with vertices A(1, 0), B(1, 5), C(5, 2) and D(4, –1).
(a) (i) Show that AC   42  .

 
(ii) Find BD .
(iii) Show that AC is perpendicular to BD .

(5)
The line (AC) has equation r = u + sv.
(b) (i) Write down vector u and vector v.
(ii) Find a vector equation for the line (BD).

(4)
The lines (AC) and (BD) intersect at the point P(3, k).
(c) Show that k = 1.

(3)
(d) Hence find the area of triangle ACD.
(5)
(Total 17 marks)
16. The following diagram shows the triangle ABC.
The angle at C is obtuse, AC = 5 cm, BC = 13.6 cm and the area is 20 cm2.
(a) Find AĈB .

(4)
(b) Find AB.

(3)
(Total 7 marks)
17. The following diagram represents a large Ferris wheel at an amusement park.
The points P, Q and R represent different positions of a seat on the wheel.
The wheel has a radius of 50 metres and rotates clockwise at a rate of one revolution every 30
minutes.
A seat starts at the lowest point P, when its height is one metre above the ground.
(a) Find the height of a seat above the ground after 15 minutes.
(2)
(b) After six minutes, the seat is at point Q. Find its height above the ground at Q.
(5)
The height of the seat above ground after t minutes can be modelled by the function
h(t) = 50 sin (b(t – c)) + 51.
(c) Find the value of b and of c.

(6)
(d) Hence find the value of t the first time the seat is 96 m above the ground.
(3)
(Total 16 marks)
18. A rectangle is inscribed in a circle of radius 3 cm and centre O, as shown below.
The point P(x, y) is a vertex of the rectangle and also lies on the circle. The angle between (OP)
π
and the x-axis is θ radians, where 0 ≤ θ ≤ .
2
(a) Write down an expression in terms of θ for
(i) x;
(ii) y.
(2)
Let the area of the rectangle be A.
(b) Show that A = 18 sin 2θ.

(3)
dA
(c) (i) Find .
d
(ii) Hence, find the exact value of θ which maximizes the area of the rectangle.
(iii) Use the second derivative to justify that this value of θ does give a maximum.
(8)
(Total 13 marks)
19. The vertices of the triangle PQR are defined by the position vectors
 4  3 6
     
OP    3 , OQ    1 and OR    1 .
 1  2 5
     
(a) Find
(i) PQ ;
(ii) PR .
(3)
1
(b) Show that cos RP̂Q  .
2
(7)
(c) (i) Find sin RP̂Q .
(ii) Hence, find the area of triangle PQR, giving your answer in the form a 3 .
(6)
(Total 16 marks)
π 1
20. Let f(x) = 3e 2 x sin x + e2x cos x, for 0 ≤ x ≤ π. Given that tan  , solve the equation
6 3
f(x) = 0.
(Total 6 marks)
21. The circle shown has centre O and radius 3.9 cm.
Points A and B lie on the circle and angle AOB is 1.8 radians.
(a) Find AB.

(3)
(b) Find the area of the shaded region.

(4)
(Total 7 marks)
3x  x
22. Let f(x) = +1, g(x) = 4cos   – 1. Let h(x) = (g ° f)(x).
2 3
(a) Find an expression for h(x).

(3)
(b) Write down the period of h.

(1)
(c) Write down the range of h.

(2)
(Total 6 marks)
23. The diagram below shows a triangle ABD with AB = 13 cm and AD = 6.5 cm.
Let C be a point on the line BD such that BC = AC = 7 cm.
(a) Find the size of angle ACB.

(3)
(b) Find the size of angle CAD.

(5)
(Total 8 marks)
24. Let f(x) = 3sinx + 4 cos x, for –2π ≤ x ≤ 2π.
(a) Sketch the graph of f.

(3)
(b) Write down
(i) the amplitude;
(ii) the period;
π
(iii) the x-intercept that lies between  and 0.
2
(3)
(c) Hence write f(x) in the form p sin (qx + r).

(3)
(d) Write down one value of x such that f′(x) = 0.

(2)
(e) Write down the two values of k for which the equation f(x) = k has exactly two solutions.
(2)
(f) Let g(x) = ln(x + 1), for 0 ≤ x ≤ π. There is a value of x, between 0 and 1, for which the
gradient of f is equal to the gradient of g. Find this value of x.
(5)
(Total 18 marks)
25. Solve cos 2x – 3 cos x – 3 – cos2 x = sin2 x, for 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π.

(Total 7 marks)
26. The following diagram shows a circle with centre O and radius 4 cm.
The points A, B and C lie on the circle. The point D is outside the circle, on (OC).
Angle ADC = 0.3 radians and angle AOC = 0.8 radians.
(a) Find AD.

(3)
(b) Find OD.

(4)
(c) Find the area of sector OABC.

(2)
(d) Find the area of region ABCD.

(4)
(Total 13 marks)
π
27. Let f(x) = 5 cos x and g(x) = –0.5x2 + 5x – 8, for 0 ≤ x ≤ 9.
4
(a) On the same diagram, sketch the graphs of f and g.

(3)
(b) Consider the graph of f. Write down
(i) the x-intercept that lies between x = 0 and x =3;
(ii) the period;
(iii) the amplitude.

(4)
(c) Consider the graph of g. Write down
(i) the two x-intercepts;
(ii) the equation of the axis of symmetry.

(3)
(d) Let R be the region enclosed by the graphs of f and g. Find the area of R.
(5)
(Total 15 marks)
28. Let p = sin40 and q = cos110. Give your answers to the following in terms of p and/or q.
(a) Write down an expression for
(i) sin140;
(ii) cos70.
(2)
(b) Find an expression for cos140.

(3)
(c) Find an expression for tan140.

(1)
(Total 6 marks)
29. Consider g (x) = 3 sin 2x.
(a) Write down the period of g.

(1)
(b) On the diagram below, sketch the curve of g, for 0  x  2.
y
4
3
2
1
0
π π 3π 2π
x
–1 2 2
–2
–3
–4
(3)
(c) Write down the number of solutions to the equation g (x) = 2, for 0  x  2.
(2)
(Total 6 marks)
1 π
30. (a) Given that cos A = and 0  A  , find cos 2A.
3 2
(3)
2 π
(b) Given that sin B = and  B  , find cos B.
3 2
(3)
(Total 6 marks)
31. Let f : x  sin3 x.
(a) (i) Write down the range of the function f.
(ii) Consider f (x) =1, 0  x  2. Write down the number of solutions to this equation.
Justify your answer.
(5)
(b) Find f ′ (x), giving your answer in the form a sinp x cosq x where a, p, q  .
(2)
1
π
(c) Let g (x) = 3 sin x (cos x) 2 for 0  x  . Find the volume generated when the curve of
2
g is revolved through 2 about the x-axis.
(7)
(Total 14 marks)
32. The following diagram shows a semicircle centre O, diameter [AB], with radius 2.
Let P be a point on the circumference, with PÔB =  radians.
(a) Find the area of the triangle OPB, in terms of .

(2)
(b) Explain why the area of triangle OPA is the same as the area triangle OPB.
(3)
Let S be the total area of the two segments shaded in the diagram below.
(c) Show that S = 2( − 2 sin  ).

(3)
(d) Find the value of  when S is a local minimum, justifying that it is a minimum.
(8)
(e) Find a value of  for which S has its greatest value.

(2)
(Total 18 marks)
33. The diagram
PQ̂R below shows triangle PQR. The length of [PQ] is 7 cm, the length of [PR] is 10 cm,
and is 75.
(a) Find PQ̂R.

(3)
(b) Find the area of triangle PQR.

(3)
(Total 6 marks)
34. The diagram below shows a circle centre O, with radius r. The length of arc ABC is 3 cm and
2π
AÔC = .
9
(a) Find the value of r.

(2)
(b) Find the perimeter of sector OABC.

(2)
(c) Find the area of sector OABC.

(2)
(Total 6 marks)
π π
35. Let f (x) = 4 tan2 x – 4 sin x,   x .
3 3
(a) On the grid below, sketch the graph of y = f (x).
(3)
(b) Solve the equation f (x) = 1.

(3)
(Total 6 marks)
36. The following graph shows the depth of water, y metres, at a point P, during one day.
The time t is given in hours, from midnight to noon.
(a) Use the graph to write down an estimate of the value of t when
(i) the depth of water is minimum;
(ii) the depth of water is maximum;
(iii) the depth of the water is increasing most rapidly.

(3)
(b) The depth of water can be modelled by the function y = A cos (B (t – 1)) + C.
(i) Show that A = 8.
(ii) Write down the value of C.
(iii) Find the value of B.

(6)
(c) A sailor knows that he cannot sail past P when the depth of the water is less than 12 m.
Calculate the values of t between which he cannot sail past P.
(2)
(Total 11 marks)
π
37. Let f(x) = sin3 x + cos3 x tan x, < x < π.
2
(a) Show that f(x) = sin x.

(2)
2 4 5
(b) Let sin x = . Show that f(2x) =  .
3 9
(5)
(Total 7 marks)
38. Let f(t) = a cos b (t – c) + d, t ≥ 0. Part of the graph of y = f(t) is given below.
When t = 3, there is a maximum value of 29, at M.

When t = 9 , there is a minimum value of 15.
(a) (i) Find the value of a.
π
(ii) Show that b = .
6
(iii) Find the value of d.
(iv) Write down a value for c.

(7)
1
The transformation P is given by a horizontal stretch of a scale factor of , followed by a
 3  2
 
translation of  10  .
(b) Let M′ be the image of M under P. Find the coordinates of M′.

(2)
The graph of g is the image of the graph of f under P.
(c) Find g(t) in the form g(t) = 7 cos B(t – C) + D.

(4)
(d) Give a full geometric description of the transformation that maps the graph of g to the
graph of f.
(3)
(Total 16 marks)
39. A ship leaves port A on a bearing of 030°. It sails a distance of 25 km to point B.

At B, the ship changes direction to a bearing of 100°. It sails a distance of 40 km to reach point C.
This information is shown in the diagram below.
A second ship leaves port A and sails directly to C.
(a) Find the distance the second ship will travel.

(4)
(b) Find the bearing of the course taken by the second ship.
(3)
(Total 7 marks)
40. The graph of a function of the form y = p cos qx is given in the diagram below.
(a) Write down the value of p.

(2)
(b) Calculate the value of q.

(4)
(Total 6 marks)
π 12
41. Given that    π and that cosθ =  , find
2 13
(a) sin θ;
(3)
(b) cos 2θ;

(3)
(c) sin (θ + π).

(1)
(Total 7 marks)
42. (a) Given that 2 sin2 θ + sinθ – 1 = 0, find the two values for sin θ.
(4)
(b) Given that 0° ≤ θ ≤ 360° and that one solution for θ is 30°, find the other two possible
values for θ.
(2)
(Total 6 marks)
43. A spring is suspended from the ceiling. It is pulled down and released, and then oscillates up and
down. Its length, l centimetres, is modelled by the function l = 33 + 5cos((720t)°), where t is time
in seconds after release.
(a) Find the length of the spring after 1 second.

(2)
(b) Find the minimum length of the spring.

(3)
(c) Find the first time at which the length is 33 cm.

(3)
(d) What is the period of the motion?
(2)
(Total 10 marks)
44. The diagram below shows part of the graph of y = sin 2x. The shaded region is between x = 0 and
x = m.
(a) Write down the period of this function.

(2)
(b) Hence or otherwise write down the value of m.

(2)
(c) Find the area of the shaded region.

(6)
(Total 10 marks)
45. A farmer owns a triangular field ABC. One side of the triangle, [AC], is 104 m, a second side,
[AB], is 65 m and the angle between these two sides is 60°.
(a) Use the cosine rule to calculate the length of the third side of the field.
(3)
3
(b) Given that sin 60°= , find the area of the field in the form 3 p 3 where p is an integer.
2
(3)
Let D be a point on [BC] such that [AD] bisects the 60° angle. The farmer divides the field into
two parts A1 and A2 by constructing a straight fence [AD] of length x metres, as shown on the
diagram below.
65x
(c) (i) Show that the area of A1 is given by .
4
(ii) Find a similar expression for the area of A2.
(iii) Hence, find the value of x in the form q 3 , where q is an integer.

(7)
(d) (i) Explain why sinA D̂C  sinA D̂B .
BD 5
(ii) Use the result of part (i) and the sine rule to show that  .
DC 8
(5)
(Total 18 marks)
46. In the triangle PQR, PR = 5 cm, QR = 4 cm and PQ = 6 cm.
Calculate
(a) the size of PQ̂R ;
(b) the area of triangle PQR.

(Total 6 marks)
47. The following diagram shows a triangle ABC, where AĈB is 90, AB = 3, AC = 2 and BÂC
is .
5
(a) Show that sin  = .
3
4 5
(b) Show that sin 2 = .
9
(c) Find the exact value of cos 2.

(Total 6 marks)
48. The following diagram shows a sector of a circle of radius r cm, and angle  at the centre. The
perimeter of the sector is 20 cm.
20  2r
(a) Show that  = .
r
(b) The area of the sector is 25 cm2. Find the value of r.

(Total 6 marks)
49. The following diagram shows the triangle AOP, where OP = 2 cm, AP = 4 cm and AO = 3 cm.
diagram not to
scale
O P
(a) Calculate AÔP , giving your answer in radians.

(3)
The following diagram shows two circles which intersect at the points A and B. The smaller circle
C1 has centre O and radius 3 cm, the larger circle C2 has centre P and radius 4 cm, and OP = 2 cm.
The point D lies on the circumference of C1 and E on the circumference of C2.Triangle AOP is the
same as triangle AOP in the diagram above.
A
C2
C1
O P diagram not to
D E
scale
(b) Find AÔB , giving your answer in radians.

(2)
(c) Given that AP̂B is 1.63 radians, calculate the area of
(i) sector PAEB;
(ii) sector OADB.

(5)
(d) The area of the quadrilateral AOBP is 5.81 cm2.
(i) Find the area of AOBE.
(ii) Hence find the area of the shaded region AEBD.

(4)
(Total 14 marks)
50. The
AÊDfollowing diagram
AD̂E shows a pentagon
AB̂D ABCDE, with AB = 9.2 cm, BC = 3.2 cm, BD = 7.1 cm,
=110, = 52 and = 60.
(a) Find AD.

(4)
(b) Find DE.

(4)
(c) The area of triangle BCD is 5.68 cm2. Find DB̂C .

(4)
(d) Find AC.

(4)
(e) Find the area of quadrilateral ABCD.

(5)
(Total 21 marks)
 x
51. The diagram below shows the graph of f (x) = 1 + tan   for −360  x  360.
2
(a) On the same diagram, draw the asymptotes.

(2)
(b) Write down
(i) the period of the function;
(ii) the value of f (90).

(2)
(c) Solve f (x) = 0 for −360  x  360.

(2)
(Total 6 marks)
52. (a) Consider the equation 4x2 + kx + 1 = 0. For what values of k does this equation have two
equal roots?
(3)
Let f be the function f ( ) = 2 cos 2 + 4 cos  + 3, for −360    360.
(b) Show that this function may be written as f ( ) = 4 cos2  + 4 cos  + 1.

(1)
(c) Consider the equation f ( ) = 0, for −360    360.
(i) How many distinct values of cos  satisfy this equation?
(ii) Find all values of  which satisfy this equation.

(5)
(d) Given that f ( ) = c is satisfied by only three values of , find the value of c.
(2)
(Total 11 marks)
53. A Ferris wheel with centre O and a radius of 15 metres is represented in the diagram below.
π
Initially seat A is at ground level. The next seat is B, where AÔB = .
6
(a) Find the length of the arc AB.

(2)
(b) Find the area of the sector AOB.

(2)
2π
(c) The wheel turns clockwise through an angle of . Find the height of A above the ground.
3
(3)
The height, h metres, of seat C above the ground after t minutes, can be modelled by the function
 π
h (t) = 15 − 15 cos  2t   .
 4
π
(d) (i) Find the height of seat C when t = .
4
(ii) Find the initial height of seat C.
(iii) Find the time at which seat C first reaches its highest point.
(8)
(e) Find h′ (t).

(2)
(f) For 0  t  ,
(i) sketch the graph of h′;
(ii) find the time at which the height is changing most rapidly.
(5)
(Total 22 marks)
54. Let f (x) = a (x − 4)2 + 8.
(a) Write down the coordinates of the vertex of the curve of f.
(b) Given that f (7) = −10, find the value of a.
(c) Hence find the y-intercept of the curve of f.

(Total 6 marks)
55. The following
AÔdiagram
C shows a circle with radius r and centre O. The points A, B and C are on the
circle and = .
4 2
The area of sector OABC is  and the length of arc ABC is .
3 3
Find the value of r and of .

(Total 6 marks)
56. Let ƒ (x) = a sin b (x − c). Part of the graph of ƒ is given below.
Given that a, b and c are positive, find the value of a, of b and of c.

(Total 6 marks)
57. The points P(−2, 4), Q (3, 1) and R (1, 6) are shown in the diagram below.
(a) Find the vector PQ .
(b) Find a vector equation for the line through R parallel to the line (PQ).
(Total 6 marks)
58. The diagram below shows a circle of radius r and centre O. The angle AÔB = .
The length of the arc AB is 24 cm. The area of the sector OAB is 180 cm2.
Find the value of r and of .

(Total 6 marks)
59. BÂDdiagram below shows a quadrilateral ABCD. AB = 4, AD = 8, CD =12, B Ĉ D = 25,
The
= .
(a) Use the cosine rule to show that BD = 4 5  4 cos  .

(2)
Let  = 40.
(b) (i) Find the value of sin CB̂D .
(ii) Find the two possible values for the size of CB̂D .
(iii) Given that CB̂D is an acute angle, find the perimeter of ABCD.
(12)
(c) Find the area of triangle ABD.

(2)
(Total 16 marks)
60. (a) Let y = –16x2 + 160x –256. Given that y has a maximum value, find
(i) the value of x giving the maximum value of y;
(ii) this maximum value of y.
The triangle XYZ has XZ = 6, YZ = x, XY = z as shown below. The perimeter of triangle XYZ is
16.
(4)
(b) (i) Express z in terms of x.
(ii) Using the cosine rule, express z2 in terms of x and cos Z.
5 x 16
(iii) Hence, show that cos Z = .
3x
(7)
Let the area of triangle XYZ be A.
(c) Show that A2 = 9x2 sin2 Z.

(2)
(d) Hence, show that A2 = –16x2 + 160x – 256.

(4)
(e) (i) Hence, write down the maximum area for triangle XYZ.
(ii) What type of triangle is the triangle with maximum area?

(3)
(Total 20 marks)
π
61. The function f is defined by f : x  30 sin 3x cos 3x, 0  x  .
3
(a) Write down an expression for f (x) in the form a sin 6x, where a is an integer.
(b) Solve f (x) = 0, giving your answers in terms of .

(Total 6 marks)
62. The following diagram shows two semi-circles. The larger one has centre O and radius 4 cm. The
smaller one has centre P, radius 3 cm, and passes through O. The line (OP) meets the larger
semi-circle at S. The semi-circles intersect at Q.
(a) (i) Explain why OPQ is an isosceles triangle.
1
(ii) Use the cosine rule to show that cos OP̂Q = .
9
80
(iii) Hence show that sin OP̂Q = .
9
(iv) Find the area of the triangle OPQ.

(7)
(b) Consider the smaller semi-circle, with centre P.
(i) Write down the size of OP̂Q.
(ii) Calculate the area of the sector OPQ.

(3)
(c) Consider the larger semi-circle, with centre O. Calculate the area of the sector QOS.
(3)
(d) Hence calculate the area of the shaded region.

(4)
(Total 17 marks)
63. The graph of a function of the form y = p cos qx is given in the diagram below.
y
40
30
20
10
x
/2 
–10
–20
–30
–40
(a) Write down the value of p.
(b) Calculate the value of q.

(Total 6 marks)
64. A farmer owns a triangular field ABC. One side of the triangle, [AC], is 104 m, a second side,
[AB], is 65 m and the angle between these two sides is 60°.
(a) Use the cosine rule to calculate the length of the third side of the field.
(3)
3
(b) Given that sin 60° = , find the area of the field in the form p 3 where p is an integer.
2
(3)
Let D be a point on [BC] such that [AD] bisects the 60° angle. The farmer divides the field into
two parts A1 and A2 by constructing a straight fence [AD] of length x metres, as shown on the
diagram below.
104 m
A2
30°
A D
x
30°
A1
65 m
65x
(c) (i) Show that the area of Al is given by .
4
(ii) Find a similar expression for the area of A2.
(iii) Hence, find the value of x in the form q 3 , where q is an integer.

(7)
(d) (i) Explain why sin AD̂C  sin AD̂B .
(ii) Use the result of part (i) and the sine rule to show that
BD 5
 .
DC 8
(5)
(Total 18 marks)
65. The following diagram shows a circle of centre O, and radius r. The shaded sector OACB has an
area of 27 cm2. Angle AÔB = θ = 1.5 radians.
A
C
B
r
O
(a) Find the radius.
(b) Calculate the length of the minor arc ACB.
Working:
Answers:
(a) ..................................................................
(b) ..................................................................
(Total 6 marks)
66. Consider y = sin  x    .
 9
(a) The graph of y intersects the x-axis at point A. Find the x-coordinate of A, where 0  x  π.
(b) Solve the equation sin  x    = – 1 , for 0  x  2.

 9 2
Working:
Answers:
(a) ..................................................................
(b) ..................................................................
(Total 6 marks)
67. The diagram shows a triangular region formed by a hedge [AB], a part of a river bank [AC] and a
fence [BC]. The hedge is 17 m long and BÂC is 29°. The end of the fence, point C, can be
positioned anywhere along the river bank.
(a) Given that point C is 15 m from A, find the length of the fence [BC].
A 15 m C river bank
29°
17 m
B
(3)
(b) The farmer has another, longer fence. It is possible for him to enclose
AB̂C two different
triangular regions with this fence. He places the fence so that is 85°.
(i) Find the distance from A to C.
(ii) Find the area of the region ABC with the fence in this position.
(5)
(c) To form the second region, he moves the fencing so that point C is closer to point A.
Find the new distance from A to C.
(4)
(d) Find the minimum length of fence [BC] needed to enclose a triangular region ABC.
(2)
(Total 14 marks)
68. Let f (x) = 1 sin 2x + cos x for 0  x  2.

2
(a) (i) Find f (x).
One way of writing f (x) is –2 sin2 x – sin x + 1.
(ii) Factorize 2 sin2 x + sin x – 1.
(iii) Hence or otherwise, solve f (x) = 0.

(6)
The graph of y = f (x) is shown below.

y
A
b
0 a 2 x
There is a maximum point at A and a minimum point at B.
(b) Write down the x-coordinate of point A.
(1)
(c) The region bounded by the graph, the x-axis and the lines x = a and x = b is shaded in the
diagram above.
(i) Write down an expression that represents the area of this shaded region.
(ii) Calculate the area of this shaded region.

(5)
(Total 12 marks)
69. In triangle PQR, PQ is 10 cm, QR is 8 cm and angle PQR is acute. The area of the triangle is 20
cm2. Find the size of angle PQ̂R.
Working:
Answers:
........................................................
(Total 6 marks)
70. Let f (x) = 6 sin x , and g (x) = 6e–x – 3 , for 0  x  2. The graph of f is shown on the diagram
below. There is a maximum value at B (0.5, b).
y
B
x
0 1 2
(a) Write down the value of b.
(b) On the same diagram, sketch the graph of g.
(c) Solve f (x) = g (x) , 0.5  x  1.5.
Working:
Answers:
(a) .................................................
(b) .................................................
(Total 6 marks)
71. Consider the equation 3 cos 2x + sin x = 1
(a) Write this equation in the form f (x) = 0 , where f (x) = p sin2 x + q sin x + r , and p , q , r 
.
(b) Factorize f (x).
(c) Write down the number of solutions of f (x) = 0, for 0  x  2.
Working:
Answers:
(a) .....................................................
(b) .....................................................
(c) .....................................................
(Total 6 marks)
72. The diagram below shows two circles which have the same centre O and radii 16 cm and 10 cm
respectively. The two arcs AB and CD have the same sector angle  = 1.5 radians.
A B
C D
Find the area of the shaded region.
Working:
Answer:
…………………………………………..
(Total 6 marks)
73. Let f (x) = sin (2x + 1), 0  x  π.
(a) Sketch the curve of y = f (x) on the grid below.

y
2
1.5
0.5
0
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 x
–0.5
–1
–1.5
–2
(b) Find the x-coordinates of the maximum and minimum points of f (x), giving your answers
correct to one decimal place.
Working:
Answer:
(b) …………………………………………..
(Total 6 marks)
74. In a triangle ABC, AB = 4 cm, AC = 3 cm and the area of the triangle is 4.5 cm2.
Find the two possible values of the angle BÂC .
Working:
Answer:
…………………………………………..
(Total 6 marks)
75. Solve the equation 2 cos2 x = sin 2x for 0  x  π, giving your answers in terms of π.
Working:
Answer:
…………………………………………..
(Total 6 marks)
76. The depth y metres of water in a harbour is given by the equation
t
y = 10 + 4 sin   ,
 2
where t is the number of hours after midnight.
(a) Calculate the depth of the water
(i) when t = 2;
(ii) at 2100.
(3)
The sketch below shows the depth y, of water, at time t, during one day (24 hours).
y
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
depth (metres)
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 t
time (hours)
(b) (i) Write down the maximum depth of water in the harbour.
(ii) Calculate the value of t when the water is first at its maximum depth during the day.
(3)
The harbour gates are closed when the depth of the water is less than seven metres. An alarm rings
when the gates are opened or closed.
(c) (i) How many times does the alarm sound during the day?
(ii) Find the value of t when the alarm sounds first.
(iii) Use the graph to find the length of time during the day when the harbour gates are
closed. Give your answer in hours, to the nearest hour.
(7)
(Total 13 marks)
77. The following diagram shows a triangle ABC, where BC = 5 cm, B̂ = 60°, Ĉ = 40°.
60° 40°
B C
5 cm
(a) Calculate AB.
(b) Find the area of the triangle.
Working:
Answers:
(a) …………………………………………..
(b) …………………………………………..
(Total 6 marks)
78. The diagram
AÔB below shows a circle of radius 5 cm with centre O. Points A and B are on the circle,
and is 0.8 radians. The point N is on [OB] such that [AN] is perpendicular to [OB].
5 cm
0.8
O B
N
Find the area of the shaded region.
Working:
Answer:
…………………………………………........
(Total 6 marks)
79. Let f (x) = 1 + 3 cos (2x) for 0  x  π, and x is in radians.
(a) (i) Find f (x).
(ii) Find the values for x for which f (x) = 0, giving your answers in terms of .
(6)
π
The function g (x) is defined as g (x) = f (2x) – 1, 0  x  .
2
(b) (i) The graph of f may be transformed to the graph of g by a stretch in the x-direction
with scale factor 12 followed by another transformation. Describe fully this other
transformation.
(ii) Find the solution to the equation g (x) = f (x)

(4)
(Total 10 marks)
80. Part of the graph of y = p + q cos x is shown below. The graph passes through the points (0, 3) and
(, –1).
0
 2 x
–1
Find the value of
(a) p;
(b) q.
Working:
Answers:
(a) ..................................................................
(b) ..................................................................
(Total 6 marks)
81. Find all solutions of the equation cos 3x = cos (0.5x), for 0  x  .
Working:
Answer:
..................................................................
(Total 6 marks)
82. The diagram below shows a triangle and two arcs of circles.
The triangle ABC is a right-angled isosceles triangle, with AB = AC = 2. The point P is the
midpoint of [BC].
The arc BDC is part of a circle with centre A.
The arc BEC is part of a circle with centre P.
E
B
P
2
A 2 C
(a) Calculate the area of the segment BDCP.
(b) Calculate the area of the shaded region BECD.
Working:
Answers:
(a) ..................................................................
(b) ..................................................................
(Total 6 marks)
7 10 
83. The diagram shows a parallelogram OPQR in which OP =   , OQ =  .
 3 1
Q
O x
R
(a) Find the vector OR .

(3)
15
(b) Use the scalar product of two vectors to show that cos OP̂Q = – .
754
(4)
(c) (i) Explain why cos PQ̂R = –cos OP̂Q.
23
(ii) Hence show that sin PQ̂R = .
754
(iii) Calculate the area of the parallelogram OPQR, giving your answer as an integer.
(7)
(Total 14 marks)
84. The points P, Q, R are three markersPon
Q̂Rlevel ground,
PR̂Qjoined by straight paths PQ, QR, PR as
shown in the diagram. QR = 9 km, = 35°, = 25°.
P
Diagram not to scale
35° 25°
Q R
9 km
(a) Find the length PR.

(3)
(b) Tom sets out to walk from Q to P at a steady speed of 8 km h–1. At the same time, Alan sets
out to jog from R to P at a steady speed of a km h–1. They reach P at the same time.
Calculate the value of a.
(7)
(c) The point S is on [PQ], such that RS = 2QS, as shown in the diagram.
P
S
Q R
Find the length QS.

(6)
(Total 16 marks)
85. Consider the function f (x) = cos x + sin x.
π
(a) (i) Show that f (– ) = 0.
4
(ii) Find in terms of , the smallest positive value of x which satisfies f (x) = 0.
(3)
The diagram shows the graph of y = ex (cos x + sin x), – 2  x  3. The graph has a maximum
turning point at C(a, b) and a point of inflexion at D.
6 C(a, b)
4
D
2
x
–2 –1 1 2 3
dy
(b) Find .
dx
(3)
(c) Find the exact value of a and of b.

(4)
π
(d) Show that at D, y = 2e 4 .
(5)
(e) Find the area of the shaded region.

(2)
(Total 17 marks)
86. The graph of the function f (x) = 3x – 4 intersects the x-axis at A and the y-axis at B.
(a) Find the coordinates of
(i) A;
(ii) B.
(b) Let O denote the origin. Find the area of triangle OAB.
Working:
Answers:
(a) (i) ...........................................................

(ii) ...........................................................
(b) ..................................................................
(Total 6 marks)
87. (a) Factorize the expression 3 sin2 x – 11 sin x + 6.
(b) Consider the equation 3 sin2 x – 11 sin x + 6 = 0.
(i) Find the two values of sin x which satisfy this equation,
(ii) Solve the equation, for 0°  x  180°.
Working:
Answers:
(a) ..................................................................
(b) (i) ...........................................................
(ii) ...........................................................
(Total 6 marks)
88. The diagram below shows a circle, centre O, with a radius 12 cm. The chord AB subtends at an
angle of 75° at the centre. The tangents to the circle at A and at B meet at P.
A
12 cm
P diagram not to
O 75º scale
(a) Using the cosine rule, show that the length of AB is 12 21 – cos 75 .
(2)
(b) Find the length of BP.

(3)
(c) Hence find
(i) the area of triangle OBP;
(ii) the area of triangle ABP.

(4)
(d) Find the area of sector OAB.

(2)
(e) Find the area of the shaded region.

(2)
(Total 13 marks)
89. Note: Radians are used throughout this question.
A mass is suspended from the ceiling on a spring. It is pulled down to point P and then released. It
oscillates up and down.
diagram not to
scale
Its distance, s cm, from the ceiling, is modelled by the function s = 48 + 10 cos 2πt where t is the
time in seconds from release.
(a) (i) What is the distance of the point P from the ceiling?
(ii) How long is it until the mass is next at P?

(5)
ds
(b) (i) Find .
dt
(ii) Where is the mass when the velocity is zero?

(7)
A second mass is suspended on another spring. Its distance r cm from the ceiling is modelled by
the function r = 60 + 15 cos 4t. The two masses are released at the same instant.
(c) Find the value of t when they are first at the same distance below the ceiling.
(2)
(d) In the first three seconds, how many times are the two masses at the same height?
(2)
(Total 16 marks)
90. The following diagram shows a circle of centre O, and radius 15 cm. The arc ACB subtends an
angle of 2 radians at the centre O.
C
A B
15
cm
2 rad
O AÔB = 2 radians
OA = 15 cm
Find
(a) the length of the arc ACB;
(b) the area of the shaded region.
Working:
Answers:
(a) ..................................................................
(b) ..................................................................
(Total 6 marks)
91. Two boats A and B start moving from the same point P. Boat A moves in a straight line at
20 km h–1 and boat B moves in a straight line at 32 km h–1. The angle between their paths is 70°.
Find the distance between the boats after 2.5 hours.
Working:
Answer:
......................................................................
(Total 6 marks)
92. Let f (x) = sin 2x and g (x) = sin (0.5x).
(a) Write down
(i) the minimum value of the function f ;
(ii) the period of the function g.
(b) Consider the equation f (x) = g (x).
3π
Find the number of solutions to this equation, for 0  x  .
2
Working:
Answers:
(a) (i) ..........................................................

(ii) ..........................................................
(b) .................................................................
(Total 6 marks)
93. Consider the following statements
A: log10 (10x) > 0.
B: –0.5  cos (0.5x)  0.5.

π π
C: –  arctan x  .
2 2
(a) Determine which statements are true for all real numbers x. Write your answers (yes or no)
in the table below.
Statement (a) Is the statement true for all (b) If not true, example
real numbers x? (Yes/No)
A
B
C
(b) If a statement is not true for all x, complete the last column by giving an example of one
value of x for which the statement is false.
Working:
(Total 6 marks)
2
94. The diagram shows a triangle ABC in which AC = 7 , BC = 6, AB̂C = 45°.
2
A
Diagram 2
7 2
not to scale
45°
B 6 C
2 6
(a) Use the fact that sin 45° = to show that sin BÂC = .
2 7
(2)
6
The point D is on (AB), between A and B, such that sin BD̂C = .
7
(b) (i) Write down the value of BD̂C + BÂC .
(ii) Calculate the angle BCD.
(iii) Find the length of [BD].

(6)
Area of BDC BD
(c) Show that = .
Area of BAC BA
(2)
(Total 10 marks)
95. In triangle ABC, AC = 5, BC = 7, Â = 48°, as shown in the diagram.
5 7 diagram not to scale
48°
A B
Find B̂, giving your answer correct to the nearest degree.
Working:
Answer:
......................................................................
(Total 6 marks)
1
96. Given that sin x = , where x is an acute angle, find the exact value of
3
(a) cos x;
(b) cos 2x.
Working:
Answers:
(a) ..................................................................
(b) ..................................................................
(Total 6 marks)
97. Consider the trigonometric equation 2 sin2 x = 1 + cos x.
(a) Write this equation in the form f (x) = 0, where f (x) = a cos2 x + b cos x + c,
and a, b, c  .
(b) Factorize f (x).
(c) Solve f (x) = 0 for 0°  x  360°.
Working:
Answers:
(a) ..................................................................
(b) ..................................................................
(c) ..................................................................
(Total 6 marks)
98. The following diagram shows a triangle with sides 5 cm, 7 cm, 8 cm.
5 7
Find
(a) the size of the smallest angle, in degrees;
(b) the area of the triangle.
Working:
Answers:
(a) ..................................................................
(b) ..................................................................
(Total 4 marks)
99. (a) Write the expression 3 sin2 x + 4 cos x in the form a cos2 x + b cos x + c.
(b) Hence or otherwise, solve the equation
3 sin2 x + 4 cos x – 4 = 0, 0  x  90.
Working:
Answers:
(a) ..................................................................
(b) ..................................................................
(Total 4 marks)
100. In the following diagram, O is the centre of the circle and (AT) is the tangent to the circle at T.
O A
If OA = 12 cm, and the circle has a radius of 6 cm, find the area of the shaded region.
Working:
Answer:
.......................................................................
(Total 4 marks)
101. In the diagram below, the points O(0, 0) and A(8, 6) are fixed. The angle OP̂A
varies as the point P(x, 10) moves along the horizontal line y = 10.
y
P(x, 10)
y=10
A(8, 6)
O(0, 0) x
Diagram to scale
(a) (i) Show that AP  x 2 – 16 x  80.
(ii) Write down a similar expression for OP in terms of x.

(2)
(b) Hence, show that
x 2 – 8 x  40
cos OP̂A  ,
 {( x 2 – 16 x  80)( x 2  100 )}
(3)
(c) Find, in degrees, the angle OP̂A when x = 8.

(2)
(d) Find the positive value of x such that OP̂A  60 .

(4)
Let the function f be defined by
x 2 – 8 x  40
f ( x)  cos OP̂A  , 0  x  15.
 {( x 2 – 16 x  80)( x 2  100 )}
(e) Consider the equation f (x) = 1.
(i) Explain, in terms of the position of the points O, A, and P, why this
equation has a solution.
(ii) Find the exact solution to the equation.

(5)
(Total 16 marks)
102. The diagram below shows a sector AOB of a circle of radius 15 cm and centre O. The angle  at
the centre of the circle is 2 radians.
A B
(a) Calculate the area of the sector AOB.
(b) Calculate the area of the shaded region.
Working:
Answers:
(a) ..................................................................
(b) ..................................................................
(Total 4 marks)
103. The diagrams below show two triangles both satisfying the conditions
AB = 20 cm, AC = 17 cm, AB̂C = 50°.
Diagrams not
to scale
Triangle 1 Triangle 2
A A
B C B C
(a) Calculate the size of AĈB in Triangle 2.
(b) Calculate the area of Triangle 1.
Working:
Answers:
(a) ..................................................................
(b) ..................................................................
(Total 4 marks)
104. The depth, y metres, of sea water in a bay t hours after midnight may be represented by the
function
 2 
y  a  b cos  t  , where a, b and k are constants.
 k 
The water is at a maximum depth of 14.3 m at midnight and noon, and is at a minimum depth of
10.3 m at 06:00 and at 18:00.
Write down the value of
(a) a;
(b) b;
(c) k.
Working:
Answers:
(a) ..................................................................
(b) ..................................................................
(c) ..................................................................
(Total 4 marks)
105. Town A is 48 km from town B and 32 km from town C as shown in the diagram.
32km
A
48km B
Given that town B is 56 km from town C, find the size of angle CÂB to the nearest degree.
Working:
Answer:
....................................................................
(Total 4 marks)
106. (a) Express 2 cos2 x + sin x in terms of sin x only.
(b) Solve the equation 2 cos2 x + sin x = 2 for x in the interval 0  x  , giving your answers
exactly.
Working:
Answers:
(a) ..................................................................
(b) ..................................................................
(Total 4 marks)
107. Note: Radians are used throughout this question.
(a) Draw the graph of y =  + x cos x, 0  x  5, on millimetre square graph paper, using a scale
of 2 cm per unit. Make clear
(i) the integer values of x and y on each axis;
(ii) the approximate positions of the x-intercepts and the turning points.
(5)
(b) Without the use of a calculator, show that  is a solution of the equation
 + x cos x = 0.
(3)
(c) Find another solution of the equation  + x cos x = 0 for 0  x  5, giving your answer to six
significant figures.
(2)
(d) Let R be the region enclosed by the graph and the axes for 0  x  . Shade R on your
diagram, and write down an integral which represents the area of R .
(2)
(e) Evaluate the integral in part (d) to an accuracy of six significant figures. (If you consider it
d
necessary, you can make use of the result ( x sin x  cos x )  x cos x .)
dx
(3)
(Total 15 marks)
108. A formula for the depth d metres of water in a harbour at a time t hours after midnight is
 
d  P  Q cos  t , 0  t  24,
6 
where P and Q are positive constants. In the following graph the point (6, 8.2) is a minimum point
and the point (12, 14.6) is a maximum point.
d
15 (12, 14.6)
10.
(6, 8.2)
5
0 6 12 18 24 t
(a) Find the value of
(i) Q;
(ii) P.
(3)
(b) Find the first time in the 24-hour period when the depth of the water is 10 metres.
(3)
(c) (i) Use the symmetry of the graph to find the next time when the depth of the water is 10
metres.
(ii) Hence find the time intervals in the 24-hour period during which the water is less
than 10 metres deep.
(4)
109. Solve the equation 3 cos x = 5 sin x, for x in the interval 0°  x  360°, giving your answers to the
nearest degree.
Working:
Answer:
......................................................................
(Total 4 marks)
110. If A is an obtuse angle in a triangle and sin A = 5 , calculate the exact value of sin 2A.
13
Working:
Answer:
......................................................................
(Total 4 marks)
111. (a) Sketch the graph of y =  sin x – x, –3  x  3, on millimetre square paper, using a scale of
2 cm per unit on each axis.
Label and number both axes and indicate clearly the approximate positions of the
x-intercepts and the local maximum and minimum points.
(5)
(b) Find the solution of the equation
 sin x – x = 0, x > 0.
(1)
(c) Find the indefinite integral
 ( sin x  x)dx
and hence, or otherwise, calculate the area of the region enclosed by the graph, the
x-axis and the line x = 1.
(4)
(Total 10 marks)
3
112. Given that sin θ = 1 , cos θ = – and 0° ≤ θ ≤ 360°,
2 2
(a) find the value of θ;
(b) write down the exact value of tan θ.
Working:
Answers:
(a) ..................................................................
(b) ..................................................................
(Total 4 marks)
113. The diagram shows a vertical pole PQ, which is supported by two wires fixed to the horizontal
ground at A and B.
36 B
30
Q 70
A
BQ = 40 m
PB̂Q = 36°
BÂQ = 70°
AB̂Q = 30°
Find
(a) the height of the pole, PQ;
(b) the distance between A and B.
Working:
Answers:
(a) ..................................................................
(b) ..................................................................
(Total 4 marks)
114. The diagram shows a circle of radius 5 cm.
1 radian
Find the perimeter of the shaded region.
Working:
Answer:
......................................................................
(Total 4 marks)
115. f (x) = 4 sin  3 x    .
 2
For what values of k will the equation f (x) = k have no solutions?
Working:
Answer:
......................................................................
(Total 4 marks)
116. In this question you should note that radians are used throughout.
(a) (i) Sketch the graph of y = x2 cos x, for 0  x  2 making clear the approximate positions
of the positive x-intercept, the maximum point and the end-points.
(ii) Write down the approximate coordinates of the positive x-intercept, the maximum
point and the end-points.
(7)
(b) Find the exact value of the positive x-intercept for 0  x  2.

(2)
Let R be the region in the first quadrant enclosed by the graph and the x-axis.
(c) (i) Shade R on your diagram.
(ii) Write down an integral which represents the area of R.

(3)
(d) Evaluate the integral in part (c)(ii), either by using a graphic display calculator, or by using
the following information.
d (x2 sin x + 2x cos x – 2 sin x) = x2 cos x.

dx
(3)
(Total 15 marks)
117. In this part of the question, radians are used throughout.
The function f is given by

f (x) = (sin x)2 cos x.
The following diagram shows part of the graph of y = f (x).

y
B x
O
The point A is a maximum point, the point B lies on the x-axis, and the point C is a point of
inflexion.
(a) Give the period of f.

(1)
(b) From consideration of the graph of y = f (x), find to an accuracy of one significant
figure the range of f.
(1)
(c) (i) Find f (x).
(ii) Hence show that at the point A, cos x = 1.

3
(iii) Find the exact maximum value.

(9)
(d) Find the exact value of the x-coordinate at the point B.

(1)
(e) (i) Find  f (x) dx.

(ii) Find the area of the shaded region in the diagram.
(4)
(f) Given that f (x) = 9(cos x)3 – 7 cos x, find the x-coordinate at the point C.
(4)
(Total 20 marks)
118. A triangle has sides of length 4, 5, 7 units. Find, to the nearest tenth of a degree, the size of the
largest angle.
Working:
Answer:
......................................................................
(Total 4 marks)
119. O is the centre of the circle which has a radius of 5.4 cm.
O
A B
The area of the shaded sector OAB is 21.6 cm2. Find the length of the minor arc AB.
Working:
Answer:
......................................................................
(Total 4 marks)
6   6
120. The circle shown has centre O and radius 6. OA is the vector   , OB is the vector  
 5  0  0 
OC  
and is the vector  11  .
B O A x
(a) Verify that A, B and C lie on the circle.

(3)
(b) Find the vector AC .

(2)
(c) Using an appropriate scalar product, or otherwise, find the cosine of angle OAˆ C .
(3)
(d) Find the area of triangle ABC, giving your answer in the form a 11 , where a  .
(4)
(Total 12 marks)
121. Solve the equation 3 sin2 x = cos2 x, for 0°  x  180°.
Working:
Answer:
......................................................................
(Total 4 marks)
122. The diagrams show a circular sector of radius 10 cm and angle θ radians which is formed into a
cone of slant height 10 cm. The vertical height h of the cone is equal to the radius r of its base.
Find the angle θ radians.
10cm
10cm
h
Working:
Answer:
......................................................................
(Total 4 marks)
123. The diagram shows the graph of the function f given by
f (x) = A sin   x  + B,
2 
for 0  x  5, where A and B are constants, and x is measured in radians.

y (1,3) (5, 3)
(0, 1)
x
0 1 2 3 4 5
(3, –1)
The graph includes the points (1, 3) and (5, 3), which are maximum points of the graph.
(a) Write down the values of f (1) and f (5).

(2)
(b) Show that the period of f is 4.

(2)
The point (3, –1) is a minimum point of the graph.
(c) Show that A = 2, and find the value of B.

(5)
(d) Show that f (x) =  cos   x  .

2 
(4)
The line y = k – x is a tangent line to the graph for 0  x  5.
(e) Find
(i) the point where this tangent meets the curve;
(ii) the value of k.

(6)
(f) Solve the equation f (x) = 2 for 0  x  5.

(5)
(Total 24 marks)
MARSCHEME
1. METHOD 1
using double-angle identity (seen anywhere) A1
e.g. sin 2x = 2sin x cos x, 2cos x = 2sin x cos x
evidence of valid attempt to solve equation (M1)

e.g. 0 = 2sin x cos x – 2cos x, 2cos x (1– sin x) = 0
cos x = 0, sin x =1 A1A1
 3 5
x ,x  ,x  A1A1A1 N4
2 2 2
[7]
METHOD 2
A1A1M1A1

Notes: Award A1 for sketch of sin 2x, A1 for a sketch of 2 cos x,
M1 for at least one intersection point seen, and A1 for 3
approximately correct intersection points. Accept sketches
drawn outside [0, 3π], even those with more than 3 intersections.
 3 5
x ,x  ,x A1A1A1 N4
2 2 2
[7]
2. (a) (i) 100 (metres) A1 N1
(ii) 50 (metres) A1 N1 2

(b) (i) identifying symmetry with h(2) = 9.5 (M1)
subtraction A1
e.g. 100 – h(2), 100 – 9.5
h(8) = 90.5 AG N0
(ii) recognizing period (M1)

e.g. h(21) = h(1)
h(21) = 2.4 A1 N2 4
(c)
A1A1A1 N3 3
Note: Award A1 for end points (0, 0) and (40, 0), A1 for range 0
≤ h ≤ 100, A1 for approximately correct sinusoidal shape, with
two cycles
(d) evidence of a quotient involving 20, 2π or 360º to find b (M1)

2π 360
e.g.  20, b 
b 20
2π  π 
b  
20  10 
(accept b =18 if working in degrees) A1 N2
a = –50, c = 50 A2A1 N3 5
[14]

3. (a) evidence of choosing cosine rule (M1)
e.g. a2 + b2 – 2ab cos C
correct substitution A1
e.g. 72 + 92 – 2(7)(9) cos 120º
AC =13.9 (= 193 ) A1 N2 3
(b) METHOD 1
evidence of choosing sine rule (M1)
sin Aˆ sin Bˆ
e.g. 
BC AC
sin Aˆ sin 120

e.g. 
9 13.9
Â  34.1 A1 N2 3
METHOD 2
evidence of choosing cosine rule (M1)
AB2  AC 2  BC 2
e.g. cos Aˆ 
2ABAC
7 2  13.9 2  9 2
e.g. cos Aˆ 
27 13.9 
Â  34.1 A1 N2 3
[6]
4. (a) METHOD 1
evidence of recognizing the amplitude is the radius (M1)
e.g. amplitude is half the diameter
8
a A1
2
a=4 AG N0 2

METHOD 2
evidence of recognizing the maximum height (M1)
e.g. h = 6, a sin bt + 2 = 6
correct reasoning
e.g. a sin bt = 4 and sin bt has amplitude of 1 A1
a=4 AG N0 2
(b) METHOD 1
period = 30 (A1)
2
b A1
30

b AG N0 2
15
METHOD 2
correct equation (A1)
e.g. 2 = 4 sin 30b + 2, sin 30b = 0
30b = 2π A1

b AG N0 2
15
(c) recognizing h′(t) = –0.5 (seen anywhere) R1

attempting to solve (M1)
e.g. sketch of h′, finding h′
correct work involving h′ A2
4π π 
e.g. sketch of h′ showing intersection, –0.5 = cos t 
15  15 
t = 10.6, t = 19.4 A1A1 N3 6

(d) METHOD 1
valid reasoning for their conclusion (seen anywhere) R1
e.g. h(t) < 0 so underwater; h(t) > 0 so not underwater
evidence of substituting into h (M1)
19.4π
e.g. h(19.4), 4 sin 2
15
correct calculation A1
e.g. h(19.4) = –1.19
correct statement A1 N0 4
e.g. the bucket is underwater, yes
METHOD 2
valid reasoning for their conclusion (seen anywhere) R1
e.g. h(t) < 0 so underwater; h(t) > 0 so not underwater
evidence of valid approach (M1)
e.g. solving h(t) = 0, graph showing region below x-axis
correct roots A1
e.g. 17.5, 27.5
correct statement A1 N0 4
e.g. the bucket is underwater, yes
[14]
5. (a)
A1A1A1 N3 3
Note: Award A1 for labelling 4° with horizontal, A1 for labelling
[AU] 25 metres, A1 for drawing [TU].

(b) TÂU = 86º (A1)
e.g. x2 = 252 + 362 – 2(25)(36) cos 86º
x = 42.4 A1 N3 4
[7]
6. (a) evidence of finding height, h (A1)

h
e.g. sin θ = , 2 sin θ
2
evidence of finding base of triangle, b (A1)
b
e.g. cos θ = , 2 cos θ
2
attempt to substitute valid values into a formula for the area
of the window (M1)
e.g. two triangles plus rectangle, trapezium area formula
correct expression (must be in terms of θ) A1
1 
e.g. 2  2 cos   2 sin    2  2 sin  , 2 sin  2  2  4 cos  
1
2  2
attempt to replace 2sinθ cosθ by sin 2θ M1
e.g. 4 sin θ + 2(2 sin θ cos θ)
y = 4 sin θ + 2 sin 2θ AG N0 5
(b) correct equation A1

e.g. y = 5, 4 sin θ + 2 sin 2θ = 5
evidence of attempt to solve (M1)
e.g. a sketch, 4 sin θ + 2 sin θ – 5 = 0
θ = 0.856 (49.0º), θ = 1.25 (71.4º) A1A1 N3 4


(c) recognition that lower area value occurs at θ = (M1)
2

finding value of area at θ = (M1)
2
   
e.g. 4 sin    2 sin  2   , draw square
2  2
A=4 (A1)
recognition that maximum value of y is needed (M1)
A = 5.19615… (A1)
4 < A < 5.20 (accept 4 < A < 5.19) A2 N5 7
[16]
3 3 
7. (a) tan θ =  do not accept x  A1 N1
4 4 
3 4
(b) (i) sin θ = , cos θ = (A1)(A1)
5 5
 3  4 
e.g. sin 2θ = 2   
 5  5 
24
sin 2θ = A1 N3
25
(ii) correct substitution A1

2 2 2
 3  4  3
e.g. cos 2θ = 1 – 2   ,     
5  5 5
7
cos 2θ = A1 N1
25
[7]
π
8. (a) f    cosπ (A1)
2
= –1 A1 N2

π
(b) (g ° f)   = g(–1) (= 2(–1)2 – 1) (A1)
2
=1 A1 N2
(c) (g ° f)(x) = 2(cos (2x))2 – 1 (= 2 cos2(2x) – 1) A1
evidence of 2 cos2 θ – 1 = cos 2θ (seen anywhere) (M1)

(g ° f)(x) = cos 4x
k=4 A1 N2
[7]
9. (a) (i) sin x = 0 A1

x = 0, x = π A1A1 N2
(ii) sin x = –1 A1
3π
x= A1 N1
2
3π
(b) A1 N1
2
(c) evidence of using anti-differentiation (M1)

3π
e.g. 
0
2 (6  6 sin x)dx
correct integral 6x – 6 cos x (seen anywhere) A1A1
correct substitution (A1)
 3π   3π 
e.g. 6   6cos   (6 cos 0), 9π – 0 + 6
 2  2
k = 9π + 6 A1A1 N3
π
(d)
 
translation of  2  A1A1 N2
0
(e) recognizing that the area under g is the same as the shaded region in f (M1)
π
p= ,p=0 A1A1 N3
2
[17]
10. (a) (i) evidence of finding the amplitude (M1)

73
e.g. , amplitude = 5
2
p = –5 A1 N2

(ii) period = 8 (A1)
 2π π 
q = 0.785     A1 N2
 8 4
73
(iii) r= (A1)
2
r=2 A1 N2
(b) k = –3 (accept y = –3) A1 N1

[7]
11. (a) correct substitution A1

e.g. 25 + 16 – 40cos x, 52 + 42 – 2 × 4 × 5 cosx
AC = 41 40 cos x AG
(b) correct substitution A1

AC 4 1
e.g.  , AC = 4 sin x
sin x sin 30 2
 4 sin x 
AC = 8 sin x  accept  A1 N1
 sin 30 
(c) (i) evidence of appropriate approach using AC M1

e.g. 8 sin x = 41 40 cos x , sketch showing intersection
correct solution 8.682..., 111.317... (A1)
obtuse value 111.317... (A1)
x = 111.32 to 2 dp (do not accept the radian answer 1.94) A1 N2
(ii) substituting value of x into either expression for AC (M1)

e.g. AC = 8 sin 111.32
AC = 7.45 A1 N2

(d) (i) evidence of choosing cosine rule (M1)
a2  c2  b2
e.g. cos B = 2ac
4 2  4 2  7.45 2
e.g. , 7.452 = 32 – 32 cos y, cos y = –0.734...
2 4 4
y = 137 A1 N2
(ii) correct substitution into area formula (A1)

1
e.g. × 4 × 4 × sin 137, 8 sin 137
2
area = 5.42 A1 N2
[14]
12. (a) appropriate approach (M1)

e.g. 6 = 8θ
AÔC = 0.75 A1 N2
(b) evidence of substitution into formula for area of triangle (M1)

1
e.g. area = × 8 × 8 × sin(0.75)
2
area = 21.8… (A1)
evidence of substitution into formula for area of sector (M1)
1
e.g. area = × 64 × 0.75
2
area of sector = 24 (A1)
evidence of substituting areas (M1)
1 1
e.g. r 2  ab sin C , area of sector – area of triangle
2 2
area of shaded region = 2.19 cm2 A1 N4
(c) attempt to set up an equation for area of sector (M1)

1
e.g. 45 = × 82 × θ
2
CÔE = 1.40625 (1.41 to 3 sf) A1 N2

(d) METHOD 1
attempting to find angle EOF (M1)
e.g. π – 0.75 – 1.41
EÔF = 0.985 (seen anywhere) A1
e.g. EF = 8 2  8 2  2  8  8  cos 0.985
EF = 7.57 cm A1 N3
METHOD 2
attempting to find angles that are needed (M1)
e.g. angle EOF and angle OEF
EÔF = 0.9853... and OÊF (or OF̂E) = 1.078... A1
evidence of choosing sine rule (M1)
correct substitution (A1)
EF 8
e.g. 
sin0.985 sin 1.08
EF = 7.57 cm A1 N3
METHOD 3
attempting to find angle EOF (M1)
e.g. π – 0.75 – 1.41
EÔF = 0.985 (seen anywhere) A1
evidence of using half of triangle EOF (M1)
0.985
e.g. x = 8 sin
2
correct calculation A1
e.g. x = 3.78
EF = 7.57 cm A1 N3
[15]
13. (a) correct substitution in l = rθ (A1)

 1
e.g. 10 × , × 2π × 10
3 6
20 π  10 π 
arc length =   A1 N2
6  3 

1 π  100 π 
(b) area of large sector = 10 2     (A1)
2 3 6 
1 2 π  64 π 
area of small sector = 8    (A1)
2 3 6 
evidence of valid approach (seen anywhere) M1
1 π
e.g. subtracting areas of two sectors,  (10 2  8 2 )
2 3
 36π 
area shaded = 6π  accept , etc. A1 N3
 6 
[6]
14. (a) attempt to substitute 1 – 2 sin2 θ for cos 2θ (M1)

e.g. 4 – (1 – 2 sin2 θ) + 5 sin θ
4 – cos 2θ + 5 sin θ = 2 sin2 θ + 5 sin θ + 3 AG N0
(b) evidence of appropriate approach to solve (M1)

e.g. factorizing, quadratic formula
correct working A1
5 1
e.g. (2 sin θ + 3)(sin θ + 1), (2x + 3)(x + 1) = 0, sin x =
4
 3
correct solution sin θ = –1  do not penalise for including sin   –  (A1)
 2
3π
θ= A2 N3
2
[7]
15. (a) (i) correct approach A1

 5 1
e.g. OC  OA,     
 2  0
 4
AC    AG N0
 2

(ii) appropriate approach (M1)
 4  1
  
e.g. D – B,   1  5  , move 3 to the right and 6 down
 3 
BD   
  6 A1 N2
(iii) finding the scalar product A1

e.g. 4(3) + 2(–6), 12 – 12
valid reasoning R1
e.g. 4(3) + 2(–6) = 0, scalar product is zero
AC is perpendicular to BD AG N0
(b) (i) correct “position” vector for u; “direction” vector for v A1A1 N2
 5 1  4   2
e.g. u =  , u   ; v   , v   
 2  0  2  1 
 5   4
accept in equation e.g.    t  
 2   2
(ii) any correct equation in the form r = a + tb, where b = BD

 1   3   x   4    1
e.g. r =    t  ,       t   A2 N2
 5    6   y    1  2 
(c) METHOD 1
substitute (3, k) into equation for (AC) or (BD) (M1)
e.g. 3 = 1 + 4s, 3 = 1 + 3t
value of t or s A1
1 1 2 1
e.g. s = , , t  , ,
2 2 3 3
substituting A1
1
e.g. k = 0 + ( 2) ,
2
k=1 AG N0

METHOD 2
setting up two equations (M1)
e.g. 1 + 4s = 4 + 3t, 2s = –1 – 6t; setting vector equations of lines equal
value of t or s A1
1 1 2 1
e.g. s = , , t  ,
2 2 3 3
substituting A1
 4  1 3 
e.g. r =      ,
  1 3   6 
k=1 AG N0
 1 
(d) PD    (A1)
  2
PD  2 2  12 ( 5 ) (A1)
AC  4 2  2 2 ( 20 ) (A1)
1  1 
area =  AC  PD    20  5  M1
2  2 
=5 A1 N4
[17]
16. (a) correct substitution into the formula for the area of a triangle A1
1 1
e.g. × 5 × 13.6 × sin C = 20, × 5 × h = 20
2 2
attempt to solve (M1)
8
e.g. sin C = 0.5882... , sin C =
13.6
Ĉ = 36.031...° (0.6288… radians) (A1)
AĈB = 144° (2.51 radians) A1 N3
(b) evidence of choosing the cosine rule (M1)

e.g. (AB)2 = 52 + 13.62 – 2(5)(13.6)cos143.968...
AB = 17.9 A1 N2
[7]

17. (a) valid approach (M1)
e.g. 15 mins is half way, top of the wheel, d + 1
height = 101 (metres) A1 N2
(b) evidence of identifying rotation angle after 6 minutes A1

2π 1
e.g. , of a rotation, 72°
5 5
evidence of appropriate approach (M1)
e.g. drawing a right triangle and using cosine ratio
correct working (seen anywhere) A1
2π x
e.g. cos  , 15.4(508...)
5 50
evidence of appropriate method M1
e.g. height = radius + 1 – 15.45...
height 35.5 (metres) (accept 35.6) A1 N2
(c) METHOD 1
2π
evidence of substituting into b = (M1)
period
correct substitution
2π
e.g. period = 30 minutes, b = A1
30
π
b = 0.209   A1 N2
 15 
substituting into h(t) (M1)
e.g. h(0) = 1, h(15) = 101
 π 
1 = 50 sin   c  + 51
 15 
c = 7.5 A1 N2
METHOD 2
evidence of setting up a system of equations (M1)
two correct equations
e.g. 1 = 50 sin b(0 – c) + 51, 101 = 50 sin b(15 – c) + 51 A1A1
attempt to solve simultaneously (M1)
e.g. evidence of combining two equations
π
b = 0.209   , c = 7.5 A1A1 N2N2
 15 

(d) evidence of solving h(t) = 96 (M1)
e.g. equation, graph
t = 12.8 (minutes) A2 N3
[16]
18. (a) (i) x = 3 cos θ A1 N1
(ii) y = 3 sin θ A1 N1
(b) finding area (M1)

1
e.g. A = 2x × 2y, A = 8 × bh
2
substituting A1
1
e.g. A = 4 × 3 sin θ × 3 cos θ, 8 × × 3 cos θ × 3 sin θ
2
A = 18(2 sin θ cos θ) A1
A = 18 sin 2θ AG N0
dA
(c) (i) = 36 cos 2θ A2 N2
d
(ii) for setting derivative equal to 0 (M1)

dA
e.g. 36 cos 2θ = 0, =0
d
π
2θ = (A1)
2
π
θ= A1 N2
4

(iii) valid reason 2(seen anywhere) R1
π d A
, 0
e.g. at 4 d 2 ; maximum when f″(x) < 0
d2 A
finding second derivative = –72 sin 2θ A1
d 2
π
evidence of substituting M1
4
 π π
e.g. –72 sin  2  ,72 sin  ,72
 4 2
π
θ= produces the maximum area AG N0
4
[13]
19. (a) (i) evidence of approach (M1)

e.g. PQ  PO  OQ , Q – P
  1
 
PQ   2  A1 N2
1
 
 2
 
(ii) PR   2  A1 N1
 4
 

(b) METHOD 1
choosing correct vectors PQ and PR (A1)(A1)

finding PQ PR, PQ , PR (A1) (A1)(A1)
PQ  PR = –2 + 4 + 4 (= 6)
PQ  (1) 2  2 2  12  ( 6 ), PR  2 2  2 2  4 2 ( 24)
substituting into formula for angle between two vectors M1
6
e.g. cos RP̂Q 
6  24
1
simplifying to expression clearly leading to A1
2
6 6 6
e.g. , ,
6  2 6 144 12
1
cos RP̂Q  AG N0
2
METHOD 2
evidence of choosing cosine rule (seen anywhere) (M1)
 3
 
QR   0  A1
 3
 
QR  18 , PQ  6 and PR  24 (A1)(A1)(A1)
( 6 ) 2  ( 24 ) 2  ( 18 ) 2
cos RP̂Q  A1
2 6  24
6  24 – 18  12 
cos RP̂Q    A1
24  24 
1
cos RP̂Q  AG N0
2
(c) (i) METHOD 1

evidence of appropriate approach (M1)
e.g. using sin 2 RP̂Q  cos 2 RP̂Q  1 , diagram
substituting correctly (A1)
2
1
e.g. sin RP̂Q  1 –  
 2
3  3 
sin RP̂Q   A1 N3

4  2 
METHOD 2
1
since cos P̂  , P̂  60 (A1)
2
evidence of approach
e.g. drawing a right triangle, finding the missing side (A1)

3
sin P̂  A1 N3
2
(ii) evidence of appropriate approach (M1)

1
e.g. attempt to substitute into ab sin C
2
correct substitution
1 3
e.g. area = 6  24  A1
2 2
area = 3 3 A1 N2
[16]
20. e2x( 3 sin x + cos x) = 0 (A1)

e2x = 0 not possible (seen anywhere) (A1)
simplifying
sin x 1
e.g. 3 sin x  cos x  0, 3 sin x   cos x,  A1
 cos x 3
EITHER
1
tan x =  A1
3
5π
x= A2 N4
6
OR
sketch of 30°, 60°, 90° triangle with sides 1, 2, 3 A1

5π
work leading to x = A1
6
5π
verifying satisfies equation A1 N4
6
[6]

21. (a) METHOD 1
choosing cosine rule (M1)
substituting correctly A1
e.g. AB = 3.9 2  3.9 2  2(3.9)(3.9) cos 1.8
AB = 6.11(cm) A1 N2
METHOD 2
evidence of approach involving right-angled triangles (M1)
x 1
e.g. sin 0.9 = , AB = 3.9 sin 0.9
3.9 2
AB = 6.11 (cm) A1 N2
METHOD 3
choosing the sine rule (M1)
sin 0.670... sin 1.8
e.g. 
3.9 AB
AB = 6.11 (cm) A1 N2
(b) METHOD 1
reflex AÔB = 2π – 1.8 (= 4.4832) (A2)
1
correct substitution A = (3.9)2(4.4832...) A1
2
area = 34.1 (cm2) A1 N2
METHOD 2
finding area of circle A = π(3.9)2 (= 47.78...) (A1)
1
finding area of (minor) sector A = (3.9)2(1.8) (= 13.68...) (A1)
2
subtracting M1
e.g. π(3.9)2 – 0.5(3.9)2(1.8), 47.8 – 13.7
area = 34.1 (cm2) A1 N2

METHOD 3
AÔB
finding reflex = 2π – 1.8 (= 4.4832) (A2)
finding proportion of total area of circle A1
2π  1.8 
 π(3.9) 2 ,  πr 2
e.g. 2π 2π
area = 34.1 (cm) A1 N2
[7]
22. (a) attempt to form any composition (even if order is reversed) (M1)
 3x 
correct composition h(x) = g  1 (A1)
 2 
 3x 
 1
h( x)  4 cos 2   1  4 cos 1 x  1   1, 4 cos 3x  2   1 A1 N3
 3   
 2 3  6  
 
 
(b) period is 4π(12.6) A1 N1
(c) range is –5 ≤ h(x) ≤ 3 ([–5, 3]) A1A1 N2

[6]
23. (a) METHOD 1

evidence of choosing the cosine formula (M1)
7 2  7 2  13 2
e.g. cos AĈB 
277
AĈB = 2.38 radians (= 136°) A1 N2
METHOD 2
evidence of appropriate approach involving right-angled triangles (M1)
1  6.5
e.g. sin  AĈB  
2  7
AĈB = 2.38 radians (= 136°) A1 N2

(b) METHOD 1
AĈD = π – 2.381 (180 – 136.4) (A1)
evidence of choosing the sine rule in triangle ACD (M1)
6.5 7
e.g. 
sin 0.760 ... sinA D̂C
AD̂C = 0.836... (= 47.9...°) A1
CÂD = π – (0.760... + 0.836...) (180 – (43.5... + 47.9...))
= 1.54 (= 88.5°) A1 N3
METHOD 2
1 1 
AB̂C  ( π  2.381)  (180  136.4)  (A1)
2 2 
evidence of choosing the sine rule in triangle ABD (M1)
6.5 13
e.g. 
sin 0.380 ... sin AD̂C
AD̂C = 0.836... (= 47.9...°) A1

CÂD = π – 0.836... – (π – 2.381...) (= 180 – 47.9... – (180 – 136.4))
= 1.54 (= 88.5°) A1 N3
Note: Two triangles are possible with the given information.
If candidate finds ADˆ C = 2.31 (132°) leading to
CAˆ D = 0.076 (4.35°), award marks as
per markscheme.
[8]

24. (a)
A1A1A1 N3
Note: Award A1 for approximately sinusoidal shape,
A1 for end points approximately correct, (–2π, 4),
(2π, 4) A1 for approximately correct position of graph,
(y-intercept (0, 4) maximum to right of y-axis).
(b) (i) 5 A1 N1
(ii) 2π (6.28) A1 N1
(iii) –0.927 A1 N1
(c) f(x) = 5 sin (x + 0.927) (accept p = 5, q = 1, r = 0.927) A1A1A1 N3
(d) evidence of correct approach (M1)

e.g. max/min, sketch of f′(x) indicating roots
one 3 s.f. value which rounds to one of –5.6, –2.5, 0.64, 3.8 A1 N2
(e) k = –5, k = 5 A1A1 N2

(f) METHOD 1
graphical approach (but must involve derivative functions) M1
e.g.
each curve A1A1

x = 0.511 A2 N2
METHOD 2
1
g′(x) = A1
x 1
f′(x) = 3 cos x – 4 sin x (5 cos(x + 0.927)) A1
evidence of attempt to solve g′(x) = f′(x) M1
x = 0.511 A2 N2
[18]
25. evidence of substituting for cos2x (M1)

evidence of substituting into sin2 x + cos2 x = 1 (M1)
correct equation in terms of cos x (seen anywhere) A1
e.g. 2cos2 x – 1 – 3 cos x – 3 = 1, 2 cos2 x – 3 cos x – 5 = 0
evidence of appropriate approach to solve (M1)
e.g. factorizing, quadratic formula
appropriate working A1
3  49
e.g. (2 cos x – 5)(cos x + 1) = 0, (2x – 5)(x + 1), cos x =
4
correct solutions to the equation
5 5
e.g. cos x = , cos x = –1, x = , x = –1 (A1)
2 2
x=π A1 N4
[7]

26. (a) choosing sine rule (M1)
AD 4

e.g. sin0.8 sin 0.3
AD = 9.71 (cm) A1 N2
(b) METHOD 1
finding angle OAD = π – 1.1 = (2.04) (seen anywhere) (A1)
choosing cosine rule (M1)
e.g. OD2 = 9.712 + 42 – 2 × 9.71 × 4 × cos(π – 1.1)
OD = 12.1 (cm) A1 N3
METHOD 2
finding angle OAD = π – 1.1 = (2.04) (seen anywhere) (A1)
choosing sine rule (M1)
OD 9.71 4
e.g.  
sin(π – 1.1) sin 0.8 sin 0.3
OD = 12.1 (cm) A1 N3
(c) correct substitution into area of a sector formula (A1)

e.g. area = 0.5 × 42 × 0.8
area = 6.4 (cm2) A1 N2
(d) substitution into area of triangle formula OAD (M1)

1 1
e.g. A = × 4 × 12.1 × sin 0.8, A = × 4 × 9.71 × sin 2.04,
2 2
1
A= × 12.1 × 9.71 × sin 0.3
2
subtracting area of sector OABC from area of triangle OAD (M1)
e.g. area ABCD = 17.3067 – 6.4
area ABCD = 10.9 (cm2) A1 N2
[13]

27. (a)
A1A1A1 N3
Note: Award A1 for f being of sinusoidal shape, with
2 maxima and one minimum,
A1 for g being a parabola opening down,
A1 for two intersection points in approximately
correct position.
(b) (i) (2,0) (accept x = 2) A1 N1
(ii) period = 8 A2 N2
(iii) amplitude = 5 A1 N1
(c) (i) (2, 0), (8, 0) (accept x = 2, x = 8) A1A1 N1N1
(ii) x = 5 (must be an equation) A1 N1
(d) METHOD 1
intersect when x = 2 and x = 6.79 (may be seen as limits of integration) A1A1
evidence of approach (M1)
6.79   π 
e.g.  g  f ,  f ( x)dx   g ( x)dx, 
2
 (0.5 x 2  5 x  8   5 cos x  
  4 
area = 27.6 A2 N3

METHOD 2
intersect when x = 2 and x = 6.79 (seen anywhere) A1A1
evidence of approach using a sketch of g and f, or g – f. (M1)
e.g. area A + B – C, 12.7324 + 16.0938 – 1.18129...

area = 27.6 A2 N3
[15]
28. (a) (i) sin 140 = p A1 N1

(ii) cos 70 = q A1 N1
(b) METHOD 1
evidence of using sin2  + cos2  = 1 (M1)
e.g. diagram, 1 p 2
(seen anywhere)
cos 140 =  1  p 2 (A1)
cos 140 =  1  p 2 A1 N2
METHOD 2
evidence of using cos2  = 2 cos2   1 (M1)
cos 140 = 2 cos2 70  1 (A1)
cos 140 = 2( q)2 1 (= 2q2  1) A1 N2

(c) METHOD 1
sin 140  p
tan 140 =  A1 N1
cos 140  1 p 2
METHOD 2
p
tan 140 = A1 N1
2q  1
2
[6]
29. (a) period =  A1 N1
(b)
y
4
3
2
1
0 π π 3π 2π x
–1 2 2
–2
–3
–4
A1A1A1 N3
Note: Award A1 for amplitude of 3, A1 for their
period, A1 for a sine curve passing through
(0, 0) and (0, 2).
(c) evidence of appropriate approach (M1)

e.g. line y = 2 on graph, discussion of number of solutions in
the domain
4 (solutions) A1 N2
[6]

30. (a) evidence of choosing the formula cos2 A = 2 cos2 A  1 (M1)
Note: If they choose another correct formula, do
not award the M1 unless there is evidence
1
of finding sin2 A = 1 .
9
2 2
1 8 1
e.g. cos 2A =    , cos 2 A  2     1
 3 9  3
7
cos 2 A   A1 N2
9
(b) METHOD 1
evidence of using sin2 B + cos2 B = 1 (M1)
2
2 5
e.g.    cos 2 B 1, (seen anywhere),
3 9
5  
cos B =   5  (A1)
9  3 

5  
cos B =    5  A1 N2
9  3 

METHOD 2
diagram M1
e.g.
for finding third side equals 5 (A1)
5
cos B =  A1 N2
3
[6]

31. (a) (i) range of f is [1, 1], (1  f (x)  1) A2 N2
(ii) sin3 x = 1  sin x = 1 A1
justification for one solution on [0, 2] R1

e.g. x  , unit circle, sketch of sin x
2
1 solution (seen anywhere) A1 N1
(b) f (x) = 3 sin2 x cos x A2 N2
b
(c) using V    y 2 dx (M1)
a
2

 1

 x  dx
V  0
2  3 sin x cos 2




(A1)

 0
2 3 sin 2 x cos x dx A1

  
   
V   sin 3 x 02     sin 3    sin 3 0   A2
  2 

evidence of using sin 1 and sin 0 = 0 (A1)
2
e.g. (1  0)
V= A1 N1
[14]
32. (a) evidence of using area of a triangle (M1)

1
e.g. A   2  2  sin θ
2
A = 2 sin  A1 N2

(b) METHOD 1
PÔA =    (A1)
area OPA = 2  2  sin   θ  (= 2 sin (  ))
1
A1
2
since sin (  ) = sin  R1
then both triangles have the same area AG N0
METHOD 2
triangle OPA has the same height and the same base as triangle OPB R3
then both triangles have the same area AG N0
 2  2
1 2
(c) area semi-circle = A1
2
area  APB = 2 sin  + 2 sin  (= 4 sin ) A1
S = area of semicircle  area APB (= 2  4 sin ) M1
S = 2( − 2 sin ) AG N0

(d) METHOD 1
attempt to differentiate (M1)
dS
e.g.   4 cos θ
dθ
setting derivative equal to 0 (M1)
correct equation A1
e.g. 4 cos  = 0, cos  = 0, 4 cos  = 0

= A1 N3
2
EITHER
evidence of using second derivative (M1)
S() = 4 sin  A1
 
S    4 A1
2

it is a minimum because S    0 R1 N0
2
OR
evidence of using first derivative (M1)

for  < , S () < 0 (may use diagram) A1
2

for  > , S () > 0 (may use diagram) A1
2
it is a minimum since the derivative goes from negative
to positive R1 N0
METHOD 2
2  4 sin  is minimum when 4 sin  is a maximum R3
4 sin  is a maximum when sin  = 1 (A2)

= A3 N3
2
(e) S is greatest when 4 sin  is smallest (or equivalent) (R1)

 = 0 (or ) A1 N2
[18]

33. (a) choosing sine rule (M1)
sin R sin 75
correct substitution  A1
7 10
sin R = 0.676148...
PR̂Q = 42.5 A1 N2
(b) P = 180  75  R
P = 62.5 (A1)
substitution into any correct formula A1
1
e.g. area  PQR =  7 10  sin (their P)
2
= 31.0 (cm2) A1 N2
[6]
34. (a) evidence of appropriate approach M1

2
e.g. 3 = r
9
r =13.5 (cm) A1 N1
(b) adding two radii plus 3 (M1)

perimeter = 27+3 (cm) (= 36.4) A1 N2
(c) evidence of appropriate approach M1

1 2
e.g. 13.5 2 
2 9
area = 20.25 (cm2) (= 63.6) A1 N1
[6]

35. (a)
y
15
10
π 0 π x
–
3 3
–5
A1A1A1 N3
Note: Award A1 for passing through (0, 0), A1
for correct shape, A1 for a range of
approximately 1 to 15.
(b) evidence of attempt to solve f (x) = 1 (M1)

sin x
e.g. line on sketch, using tan x 
cos x
x = 0.207 x = 0.772 A1A1 N3
[6]
36. (a) (i) 7 A1 N1

(ii) 1 A1 N1
(iii) 10 A1 N1
(b) (i) evidence of appropriate approach M1

18  2
e.g. A 
2
A=8 AG N0
(ii) C = 10 A2 N2

(iii) METHOD 1
period = 12 (A1)
evidence of using B  period = 2 (accept 360) (M1)
2
e.g. 12 =
B
π
B (accept 0.524 or 30) A1 N3
6
METHOD 2
evidence of substituting (M1)
e.g. 10 = 8 cos 3B + 10
simplifying (A1)
 
e.g. cos 3B = 0  3B  
 2
π
B (accept 0.524 or 30) A1 N3
6
(c) correct answers A1A1

e.g. t = 3.52, t = 10.5, between 03:31 and 10:29 (accept 10:30) N2
[11]
sin x
37. (a) changing tan x into A1
cos x
sin x
e.g. sin3 x + cos3 x
cos x
simplifying A1
e.g. sin x (sin2 x + cos2 x), sin3 x + sin x – sin3 x
f(x) = sin x AG N0

(b) recognizing f(2x) = sin 2x, seen anywhere (A1)
evidence of using double angle identity sin (2x) = 2 sin x cos x,
seen anywhere (M1)
2
evidence of using Pythagoras with sin x = 3 M1
e.g. sketch of right triangle, sin2 x + cos2 x = 1

5  5 
 accept
cos x = 3   3  (A1)
 2  5 
   
f(2x) = 2  3  A1
 3 
4 5

f(2x) = 9 AG N0
[7]
38. (a) (i) attempt to substitute (M1)

29  15
e.g. a =
2
a = 7 (accept a = –7) A1 N2
(ii) period = 12 (A1)

2π
b= A1
12
π
b= AG N0
6
(iii) attempt to substitute (M1)

29  15
e.g. d =
2
d = 22 A1 N2
(iv) c = 3 (accept c = 9 from a = –7) A1 N1

Note: Other correct values for c can be found,
c = 3 ± 12k, k  .
(b) stretch takes 3 to 1.5 (A1)

translation maps (1.5, 29) to (4.5, 19) (so M′ is (4.5, 19)) A1 N2

π
(c) g(t) = 7 cos (t – 4.5) + 12 A1A2A1 N4
3
π
Note: Award A1 for , A2 for 4.5, A1 for 12.
3
Other correct values for c can be found
c = 4.5 ± 6k, k  .
  3
(d) translation   (A1)
 10 
horizontal stretch of a scale factor of 2 (A1)
completely correct description, in correct order A1 N3
  3
e.g. translation   then horizontal stretch of a scale factor of 2
 10 
[16]
39. (a) finding AB̂C = 110° (= 1.92 radians) (A1)

e.g. AC2 = AB2 + BC2 – 2(AB)(BC) cos AB̂C
e.g. AC2 = 252 + 402 – 2(25)(40) cos 110°
AC = 53.9 (km) A1 N3
(b) METHOD 1
correct substitution into the sine rule A1
sin BÂC sin 110 
e.g. 
40 53.9
BÂC = 44.2° A1
bearing = 074° A1 N1
METHOD 2
correct substitution into the cosine rule A1
40 2  25 2  53.9 2
e.g. cos BÂC 
 2(25)(53.9)
BÂC = 44.3° A1
bearing = 074° A1 N1
[7]
40. (a) p = 30 A2 N2

(b) METHOD 1
2π
Period = q (M2)
π
= 2 (A1)

q=4 A1 N4
METHOD 2
1
Horizontal stretch of scale factor = (M2)
q
1
scale factor = (A1)
4
 q=4 A1 N4
[6]
41. (a) Evidence of using Pythagoras (M1)

e.g. diagram, sin2 x + cos2 x = 1
Correct calculation (A1)
144
e.g. 5, 1 
169
5
sin θ = A1 N3
13
(b) Evidence of using formula for cos 2θ (M1)

e.g. cos 2θ = 2 cos2 θ – 1
Correct substitution/calculation A1
2
 12 
e.g. 2    1
 13 
119
cos 2θ = A1 N2
169
5
(c) sin (θ + π) = –sin θ =   A1 N1
13
[7]
42. (a) Attempt to factorise (M1)

correct factors (2sin θ – 1) (sin θ + 1) = 0 A1
1
sin θ = , sin θ = –1 A1A1 N2
2
(b) other solutions are 150°, 270° A1A1 N1N1

[6]

43. (a) When t = 1, l = 33 + 5 cos 720 (M1)
l = 33 + 5 = 38 A1 N2
(b) Minimum when cos = –1 (M1)

lmin = 33 – 5 (M1)
= 28 A1 N3
(c) 33 = 33 + 5cos720t (0 = 5 cos 720t) M1

720t = 90 A1
90  1 
t=   A1 N1
720  8 
(d) Evidence of dividing into 360 (M1)

360  1 
period =   A1 N2
720  2 
[10]
2π
44. (a) period = =π M1A1 N2
2
π
(b) m= A2 N2
2
π
(c) Using A = 
0
2 sin 2 xdx (M1)
π
 1 2
Integrating correctly, A =   cos 2 x  A1
 2 0
1 1
Substituting, A =  cos π  ( cos 0) (M1)
2 2
1 1  1 1
Correct values, A =  (1)  ( (1))     A1A1
2 2  2 2
A=1 A1 N2
[10]

45. (a) using the cosine rule a2 = b2 + c2 – 2bc cos Â (M1)
substituting correctly BC2 = 652 + 1042 – 2(65)(104)cos60° A1
= 4225 + 10 816 – 6760 = 8281
 BC = 91m A1 N2
1
(b) finding the area, using bc sin Aˆ (M1)
2
1
substituting correctly, area = (65)(104)sin60° A1
2
= 1690 3 (accept p = 1690) A1 N2
1
(c) (i) A1 =   (65)(x)sin30° A1
 2
65x
= AG N0
4
1
(ii) A2 =   (104)(x)sin30° M1
 2
= 26x A1 N1
65x
(iii) stating A1 + A2 = A or substituting + 26x = 1690 3 (M1)
4
169 x
simplifying  1690 3 A1
4
4  1690 3
x= A1
169
 x = 40 3 (accept q = 40) A1 N2
(d) (i) Recognizing that supplementary angles have equal sines

e.g. AD̂C = 180° – AD̂B  sinA D̂C  sinA D̂B R1

(ii) using sin rule in ∆ADB and ∆ACD (M1)
BD 65 BD sin30 
  
substituting correctly sin30  sinA D̂B 65 sinA D̂B A1
DC 104 DC sin30 
  
and sin30  sinA D̂C 104 sinA D̂C M1
sinA D̂B  sinA D̂C
since
BD DC BD 65
  
65 104 DC 104 A1
BD 5
 
DC 8 AG N0
[18]
46. (a) Evidence of using the cosine rule (M1)

p2  r2  q2
eg cos PQ̂R = , q 2  p 2  r 2  2 pr cos PQ̂R
2 pr
Correct substitution A1
42  62  52
eg , 5 2  4 2  6 2  2  4  6 cos Q
2 4 6
27
cos PQ̂R =  0.5625 (A1)
48
PQ̂R = 55.8 (0.973 radians) A1 N2
1
(b) Area = pr sin PQ̂R
2
1
For substituting correctly  4  6 sin 55.8 A1
2
= 9.92 (cm2) A1 N1
[6]

47. Note: Throughout this question, do not accept methods which involve
finding  .
(a) Evidence of correct approach A1
BC
eg sin  = , BC  32  2 2  5
AB
5
sin  = AG N0
3
(b) Evidence of using sin 2 = 2 sin  cos  (M1)

 5  2 
= 2  
 3  A1
 3 
4 5
= AG N0
9
(c) Evidence of using an appropriate formula for cos 2 M1
4 5 4 5  80 
eg  , 2  1, 1  2  , 1  
9 9 9 9  81 
1
cos 2 =  A2 N2
9
[6]
48. (a) For using perimeter = r + r + arc length (M1)

20 = 2r + r A1
20  2r
 AG N0
r
(b) Finding A =
1 2  20  2r 
r 
2  r 

 10r  r
2
 (A1)
For setting up equation in r M1

Correct simplified equation, or sketch
eg 10r – r2 = 25, r2 – 10r + 25 = 0 (A1)
r = 5 cm A1 N2
[6]

49. Notes:Candidates may have differing answers due to using approximate
answers from previous parts or using answers from the GDC.
Some leeway is provided to accommodate this.
(a) METHOD 1
Evidence of using the cosine rule (M1)
a2  b2  c2 2
eg cos C = , a  b 2  c 2  2bc cos A
2ab
Correct substitution
32  2 2  4 2 2 2
eg cos AÔP = , 4  3  2 2  2  3 2 cos AÔP A1
2  3 2
cos AÔP = 0.25

 26  
AÔP = 1.82    (radians) A1 N2
 45 
METHOD 2
Area of AOBP = 5.81 (from part (d))
Area of triangle AOP = 2.905 (M1)
2.9050 = 0.5  2  3  sin AÔP A1

AÔP = 1.32 or 1.82
 26  
AÔP = 1.82    (radians) A1 N2
 45 
(b) AÔB = 2(  1.82) (= 2  3.64) (A1)

 38 
= 2.64    (radians) A1 N2
 45 
(c) (i) Appropriate method of finding area (M1)

1 2
eg area = θr
2
1 2
Area of sector PAEB =  4 1.63 A1
2
= 13.0 (cm2)
(accept the exact value 13.04) A1 N2
1 2
(ii) Area of sector OADB =  3  2.64 A1
2
= 11.9 (cm2) A1 N1
(d) (i) Area AOBE = Area PAEB  Area AOBP (= 13.0  5.81) M1
= 7.19 (accept 7.23 from the exact answer for PAEB) A1 N1
(ii) Area shaded = Area OADB  Area AOBE (= 11.9  7.19) M1

= 4.71 (accept answers between 4.63 and 4.72) A1 N1
[14]
50. (a) Evidence of choosing cosine rule (M1)

eg a2 = b2 + c2  2bc cos A
eg (AD)2 = 7.12 + 9.22  2(7.1) (9.2) cos 60
(AD)2 = 69.73 (A1)
AD = 8.35 (cm) A1 N2
(b) 180  162 = 18 (A1)

Evidence of choosing sine rule (M1)
DE 8.35
eg =
sin 18 sin 110 
DE = 2.75 (cm) A1 N2
(c) Setting up equation (M1)

1 1
eg ab sin C = 5.68, bh = 5.68
2 2
1 1
eg 5.68 = (3.2) (7.1) sin DB̂C ,  3.2  h = 5.68, (h = 3.55)
2 2
sin DB̂C = 0.5 (A1)
DB̂C 30 and/or 150 A1 N2

(d) Finding A B̂ C (60 + D B̂ C) (A1)
Using appropriate formula (M1)
eg (AC)2 = (AB)2 + (BC)2, (AC)2 = (AB)2 + (BC)2  2 (AB)
(BC) cos ABC
Correct substitution (allow FT on their seen AB̂C )

eg (AC)2 = 9.22 + 3.22 A1
AC = 9.74 (cm) A1 N3
(e) For finding area of triangle ABD (M1)

1
Correct substitution Area =  9.2  7.1 sin 60 A1
2
= 28.28... A1
Area of ABCD = 28.28... + 5.68 (M1)
= 34.0 (cm2) A1 N3
[21]
51. (a)
y
10
–360° –180° 0 180° 360° x
–5
–10
Correct asymptotes A1A1 N2
(b) (i) Period = 360 (accept 2) A1 N1

(ii) f (90) = 2 A1 N1
(c) 270, 90 A1A1 N1N1

Notes: Penalize 1 mark for any additional values.

Penalize 1 mark for correct answers given
 3  
in radians  ,  , or 4.71, 1.57  .
 2 2 
[6]
52. (a) METHOD 1

Using the discriminant  = 0 (M1)
k2 = 4  4  1
k = 4, k =  4 A1A1 N3
METHOD 2
Factorizing (M1)
(2x  1)2
k = 4, k =  4 A1A1 N3
(b) Evidence of using cos 2 = 2 cos2   1 M1

eg 2(2 cos2   1) + 4 cos  + 3
f () = 4 cos2  + 4 cos  + 1 AG N0

(c) (i) 1 A1 N1
(ii) METHOD 1
Attempting to solve for cos  M1
1
cos  =  (A1)
2
 = 240, 120,  240, 120 (correct four values only) A2 N3
METHOD 2
Sketch of y = 4 cos2  + 4 cos  + 1 M1
y
9
–360 –180 180 360 x
Indicating 4 zeros (A1)

 = 240, 120, 240, 120 (correct four values only) A2 N3
(d) Using sketch (M1)

c=9 A1 N2
[11]
53. Note: Accept exact answers given in terms of .

(a) Evidence of using l = r (M1)
arc AB = 7.85 (m) A1 N2
1
(b) Evidence of using A  r 2 θ (M1)
2
Area of sector AOB = 58.9 (m2) A1 N2

(c) METHOD 1
π6
2 π
3

angle = 30 (A1)
6

attempt to find 15 sin M1
6

height = 15 + 15 sin
6
= 22.5 (m) A1 N2
METHOD 2
π
3

angle = 60 (A1)
3

attempt to find 15 cos M1
3

height = 15 + 15 cos
3
= 22.5 (m) A1 N2

    
(d) (i) h  15 15 cos    (M1)
4 2 4
= 25.6 (m) A1 N2
 
(ii) h(0) = 15  15 cos  0   (M1)
 4
= 4.39(m) A1 N2
(iii) METHOD 1
Highest point when h = 30 R1
 
30 = 15  15 cos  2t   M1
 4
 
cos  2t   = 1 (A1)
 4
 3 
t = 1.18  accept  A1 N2
 8 
METHOD 2
h
30
2π t
Sketch of graph of h M2
Correct maximum indicated (A1)
t = 1.18 A1 N2
METHOD 3
Evidence of setting h(t) = 0 M1
 
sin  2t    0 (A1)
 4
Justification of maximum R1
eg reasoning from diagram, first derivative test, second
derivative test
 3 
t = 1.18  accept  A1 N2
 8 
 
(e) h(t) = 30 sin  2t   (may be seen in part (d)) A1A1 N2
 4
(f) (i)

h(t)
30
π π t
2
–30
A1A1A1 N3
Notes: Award A1 for range 30 to 30, A1
for two zeros.
Award A1 for approximate correct
sinusoidal shape.
(ii) METHOD 1
Maximum on graph of h (M1)
t = 0.393 A1 N2
METHOD 2
Minimum on graph of h (M1)
t = 1.96 A1 N2
METHOD 3
Solving h(t) = 0 (M1)
One or both correct answers A1
t = 0.393, t = 1.96 N2
[22]
54. (a) Vertex is (4, 8) A1A1 N2
(b) Substituting 10 = a(7  4)2 + 8 M1

a = 2 A1 N1
(c) For y-intercept, x = 0 (A1)

y = 24 A1 N2
[6]
55. METHOD 1
1 2
Evidence of correctly substituting into A = r θ A1
2
Evidence of correctly substituting into l = r A1
For attempting to eliminate one variable … (M1)
leading to a correct equation in one variable A1


r=4 = (= 0.524, 30) A1A1 N3
6
METHOD 2
Setting up and equating ratios (M1)
4 2
 
3 3 A1A1
r 2 2r
Solving gives r = 4 A1
2  1 2 4 
r =   or r     A1
3  2 3 

=  0.524 , 30 A1
6

r=4 =  0.524 , 30 N3
6
[6]
  3 
56. a = 4, b = 2, c =  or etc  A2A2A2 N6
2  2 
[6]
  5 
57. (a) PQ =   A1A1 N2
  3
(b) Using r = a + tb
 x  1  5 
      t   A2A1A1 N4
 y   6    3
[6]

58. METHOD 1
Evidence of correctly substituting into l = r A1
1 2
Evidence of correctly substituting into A = r  A1
2
For attempting to solve these equations (M1)
eliminating one variable correctly A1
r = 15  = 1.6 (= 91.7) A1A1 N3
METHOD 2
Setting up and equating ratios (M1)
24 180
 A1A1
2r r 2
Solving gives r = 15 A1
 1 2 
r = 24  or r θ 180  A1
 2 
 = 1.6 (= 91.7) A1
r = 15  = 1.6 (= 91.7) N3
[6]
59. (a) For correct substitution into cosine rule A1
BD = 4 2  8 2  2  4  8 cos θ
For factorizing 16, BD = 165  4 cos θ  A1
= 4 5  4 cos θ AG N0

(b) (i) BD = 5.5653 ... (A1)
sin CB̂D sin 25
 M1A1
12 5.5653
sin CB̂D = 0.911 (accept 0.910, subject to AP) A1 N2
(ii) CB̂D = 65.7 A1 N1
Or CB̂D = 180  their acute angle (M1)

= 114 A1 N2
(iii) BD̂C = 89.3 (A1)
BC 5.5653 BC 12
 or  (or cosine rule) M1A1
sin 89.3 sin 25 sin 89.3 sin 65.7
BC = 13.2 (accept 13.17…) A1
Perimeter = 4 + 8 + 12 + 13.2
= 37.2 A1 N2
1
(c) Area =  4  8  sin 40 A1
2
= 10.3 A1 N1
[16]
60. (a) METHOD 1

Note: There are many valid algebraic approaches
to this problem (eg completing the square,
b
using x  ) . Use the following mark
2a
allocation as a guide.
dy
(i) Using 0 (M1)
dx
32x + 160 = 0 A1
x=5 A1 N2
(ii) ymax = 16(52) + 160(5)  256
ymax = 144 A1 N1
METHOD 2
(i) Sketch of the correct parabola (may be seen in part (ii)) M1
x=5 A2 N2
(ii) ymax = 144 A1 N1
(b) (i) z = 10  x (accept x + z = 10) A1 N1

(ii) z2 = x2 + 62 2  x  6  cos Z A2 N2

(iii) Substituting for z into the expression in part (ii) (M1)
Expanding 100  20x + x2 = x2 + 36  12x cos Z A1
Simplifying 12x cos Z = 20x  64 A1
20 x  64
Isolating cos Z = A1
12 x
5 x 16
cos Z = AG N0
3x
Note: Expanding, simplifying and isolating may
be done in any order, with the final A1
being awarded for an expression that
clearly leads to the required answer.
(c) Evidence of using the formula for area of a triangle

 1 
 A   6  x  sin Z  M1
 2 
 1 
A  3x sin Z  A 2   3 6 x 2  sin 2 Z  A1
 4 
A2 = 9x2 sin2 Z AG N0
(d) Using sin2 Z = 1  cos2 Z (A1)

5 x 16
Substituting for cos Z A1
3x
 5 x 16   25 x 2 160 x  256 

2
for expanding   to  
 A1
 3x   9x 2 
for simplifying to an expression that clearly leads to the required answer A1
eg A2 = 9x2  (25x2  160x + 256)
A2 = 16x2 + 160x  256 AG
(e) (i) 144 (is maximum value of A2, from part (a)) A1
Amax = 12 A1 N1
(ii) Isosceles A1 N1
[20]

61. (a) Evidence of choosing the double angle formula (M1)
f (x) = 15 sin (6x) A1 N2
(b) Evidence of substituting for f (x) (M1)

eg 15 sin 6x = 0, sin 3x = 0 and cos 3x = 0
6x = 0, , 2
 
x = 0, , A1A1A1 N4
6 3
[6]
62. (a) (i) OP = PQ (= 3cm) R1

So  OPQ is isosceles AG N0
32  32  4 2
(ii) Using cos rule correctly eg cos OP̂Q = (M1)
2  3 3
9  9 16  2 
cos OP̂Q =   A1
18  18 
1
cos OP̂Q = AG N0
9
(iii) Evidence of using sin2 A + cos2 A = 1 M1
1  
sin OP̂Q = 1   80  A1
81  81 

80
sin OP̂Q = AG N0
9
1
(iv) Evidence of using area triangle OPQ =  OP  PQ sin P M1
2
1 80 9
eg 3 3 ,  0.9938 
2 9 2
Area triangle OPQ =

80
2
 20   4.47  A1 N1

(b) (i) OP̂Q = 1.4594...
OP̂Q = 1.46 A1 N1
(ii) Evidence of using formula for area of a sector (M1)
1 2
eg Area sector OPQ =  3 1.4594 
2
= 6.57 A1 N2
 1.4594 
(c) QÔP =  0.841 (A1)
2
1 2
Area sector QOS =  4  0.841 A1
2
= 6.73 A1 N2
(d) Area of small semi-circle is 4.5 (= 14.137...) A1

Evidence of correct approach M1
eg Area = area of semi-circle  area sector OPQ  area sector QOS +
area triangle POQ
Correct expression A1
eg 4.5  6.5675...  6.7285... + 4.472..., 4.5  (6.7285... + 2.095...),
4.5 (6.5675... + 2.256...)
Area of the shaded region = 5.31 A1 N1
[17]
63. (a) p = 30 A2 2
(b) METHOD 1
Period = 2 (M2)
q
=  (A1)
2
q=4 A1 4

METHOD 2
1
Horizontal stretch of scale factor = q (M2)
1
scale factor = 4 (A1)
q=4 A1 4
[6]
64. (a) using the cosine rule (A2) = b2 + c2 –2bc cos Â (M1)
substituting correctly BC2 = 652 +1042 –2 (65) (104) cos 60° A1
= 4225 + 10816 – 6760 = 8281
 BC = 91 m A1 3
1
(b) finding the area, using bc sin Â (M1)
2
substituting correctly, area = 1 (65) (104) sin 60° A1
2
= 1690 3 (Accept p = 1690) A1 3
(c) (i) A1 =  1  (65) (x) sin 30° A1

2
= 65x AG 1
4
(ii) A2 =  1  (104) (x) sin 30° M1

2
= 26x A1 2
(iii) starting A1 + A2 = A or substituting 65x + 26x = 1690 3 (M1)

4
simplifying 169 x = 1690 3 A1
4
4  1690 3
x= A1
169
 x = 40 3 (Accept q = 40) A1 4
(d) (i) Recognizing that supplementary angles have equal sines

eg AD̂C = 180 – AD̂B  sin AD̂C = sin AD̂B R1

(ii) using sin rule in ΔADB and ΔACD (M1)
substituting correctly BD  65  BD  sin 30 A1

sin 30 sin AD̂B 65 sin AD̂B
and DC  104  DC  sin 30 M1

sin 30 sin AD̂B 104 sin AD̂C
since sin AD̂B = sin AD̂C

BD  DC  BD  65 A1
65 104 DC 104
 BD  5 AG 5
DC 8
[18]
1
65. (a) A  r 2
2
1
27  (1.5) r 2 (M1)(A1)
2
r 2  36 (A1)
r  6 cm (A1) (C4)
(b) Arc length  r  1.5 6 (M1)

Arc length = 9 cm (A1) (C2)
Note: Penalize a total of (1 mark) for missing units.
[6]
66. (a) when y  0 (may be implied by a sketch) (A1)

8π
x or 2.79 (A1) (C2)
9

(b) METHOD 1
Sketch of appropriate graph(s) (M1)
Indicating correct points (A1)
x  3.32 or x  5.41 (A1)(A1)(C2)(C2)
METHOD 2
 π 1
sin  x    
 9 2
π 7π π 11π
x  , x  (A1)(A1)
9 6 9 6
7π π 11π π
x  , x 
6 9 6 9
19π 31π
x , x ( x  3.32, x  5.41) (A1)(A1)(C2)(C2)
18 18
[6]
67. (a) for using cosine rule  a 2  b2  c 2  2ab cos C  (M1)
BC2  152  17 2  2 15 17  cos 29 (A1)

BC  8.24 m
(A1) (N0) 3
Notes: Either the first or the second line may be implied, but not
both. Award no marks if 8.24 is obtained by assuming a right
(angled) triangle (BC = 17 sin 29).
(i)
A C
29°
17
85°
B
ACB  180  (29  85)  66

for using sine rule (may be implied) (M1)
AC 17
 (A1)
sin85 sin 66
17sin85
AC 
sin 66
AC  (18.5380 )  18.5 m (A1) (N2)
1
(ii) Area  17 18.538... sin 29 (A1)
2
 76.4 m2 (Accept 76.2 m2 ) (A1)(N1) 5

(c) AĈB from previous triangle  66
ˆ  180  66  114 (or 29  85)
Therefore alternative ACB (A1)
ˆ  180  (29  114)  37
ABC
A C
29° 114°
17
37°
B
AC 17
 (M1)(A1)
sin37 sin114
AC  (11.19906 )  11.2 m
(A1) (N1) 4
(d)
A C
29°
17
B
Minimum length for BC when AĈB = 90°or diagram
showing right triangle (M1)
CB
sin 29 
17
CB  17sin 29
CB  (8.2417 )  8.24 m
(A1) (N1) 2
[14]
1
68. (a) (i) f ( x)   2cos2 x  sin x
2
 cos 2 x  sin x (A1)(A1) (N2)
Note: Award (A1)(A1) for 2sin x  sin x  1 only if work
2
shown, using product rule on sin x cos x  cos x .

(ii) 2sin 2 x  sin x  1  (2sin x  1)(sin x  1) or
2(sin x  0.5) (sin x  1)
(A1) (N1)
(iii) 2sin x  1 or sin x  1
1
sin x 
2
π 5π 3π
x  (0.524) x   (2.62) x   (4.71) (A1)(A1)(A1)(N1)
6 6 2
(N1)(N1) 6
π
(b) x   0.524 (A1) (N1) 1
6
(c) (i) EITHER

π
curve crosses axis when x  (may be implied) (A1)
2
π 5π
Area   f ( x)dx 
π
2
 π
6
f ( x)dx (M1)(A1) (N3)
6 2
OR
5
Area = 6 f ( x) dx (M1)(A2) (N3)
6
(ii) Area  0.875  0.875 (M1)

 1.75 (A1) (N2) 5
[12]

1
69. Using area of a triangle = ab sin C (M1)
2
1
20  (10)(8) sin Q (A1)(A1)(A1)
2
Note: Accept any letter for Q
sin Q = 0.5 (A1)

PQ̂R = 30 or or 0.524 (A1) (C6)
6
[6]
70. (a) b=6 (A1) (C1)
(b)
y
B
x
1 2
(A3) (C3)
(c) x = 1.05 (accept (1.05, −0.896) ) (correct answer only, no additional

solutions) (A2) (C2)
[6]
71. (a) 3(1  2 sin2 x) + sin x = 1 (A1)

6 sin2 x  sin x  2 = 0 (p = 6, q = 1, r = 2) (A1) (C2)
(b) (3 sin x  2)(2 sin x + 1) (A1)(A1) (C2)

(c) 4 solutions (A2) (C2)
[6]
1 2 1
72. Area of large sector r θ = 162 × 1.5 (M1)
2 2
= 192 (A1)
1 2 1
Area of small sector r θ= × 102 × 1.5 (M1)
2 2
= 75 (A1)
Shaded area = large area – small area = 192 – 75 (M1)
= 117 (A1) (C6)
[6]
73. (a)
y
2
1.5
0.5
0
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 x
–0.5
–1
–1.5
–2 (A1)(A1) (C2)
Note: Award (A1) for the graph crossing the y-axis between 0.5
and 1, and (A1) for an approximate sine curve crossing the
x-axis twice. Do not penalize for x >3.14.
π 1
(b) (Maximum) x = 0.285…    (A1)
 4 2
x = 0.3 (1 dp) (A1) (C2)
 3π 1 
(Minimum) x = 1.856…    (A1)
 4 2
x = 1.9 (1 dp) (A1) (C2)
[6]
1
74. Area of a triangle = × 3 × 4 sin A (A1)
2
1
× 3 × 4 sin A = 4.5 (A1)
2

sin A = 0.75 (A1)
A = 48.6° and A = 131° (or 0.848, 2.29 radians) (A1)(A2) (C6)
Note: Award (C4) for 48.6° only, (C5) for 131° only.
[6]
75. METHOD 1
2 cos2 x = 2 sin x cos x (M1)
2 cos2 x – 2 sin x cos x = 0
2 cos x(cos x – sin x) = 0 (M1)
cos x = 0, (cos x – sin x) = 0 (A1)(A1)
π π
x= ,x= (A1)(A1) (C6)
2 4
METHOD 2
Graphical solutions
EITHER
for both graphs y = 2 cos2 x, y = sin 2 x, (M2)
OR
for the graph of y = 2 cos2 x – sin 2 x. (M2)
THEN
Points representing the solutions clearly indicated (A1)
1.57, 0.785 (A1)
π π
x= ,x= (A1)(A1) (C6)
2 4
Notes: If no working shown, award (C4) for one correct answer.
Award (C2)(C2) for each correct decimal answer 1.57, 0.785.
Award (C2)(C2) for each correct degree answer 90°, 45°.
Penalize a total of [1 mark] for any additional answers.
[6]

76. (a) (i) 10 + 4 sin 1 = 13.4 (A1)
(ii) At 2100, t = 21 (A1)
10 + 4 sin 10.5 = 6.48 (A1) (N2) 3
Note: Award (A0)(A1) if candidates use t = 2100 leading to
y = 12.6. No other ft allowed.
(b) (i) 14 metres (A1)

t t
(ii) 14 = 10 + 4 sin    sin   = 1 (M1)
 2  2
 t = π (3.14) (correct answer only) (A1) (N2) 3
(c) (i) 4 (A1)

t
(ii) 10 + 4 sin   = 7 (M1)
 2
t
 sin   = –0.75 (A1)
 2
 t = 7.98 (A1) (N3)
(iii) depth < 7 from 8 –11 = 3 hours (M1)

from 2030 – 2330 = 3 hours (M1)
therefore, total = 6 hours (A1) (N3) 7
[13]
77. (a) Angle A  80 (A1)

AB 5
 (M1)
sin 40 sin80
AB  3.26 cm (A1) (C3)
1 1
(b) Area  ac sin B  (5)(3.26)sin 60 (M1)(A1)
2 2
 7.07 (accept 7.06) cm 2 (A1) (C3)
Note: Penalize once in this question for absence of units.
[6]

78. METHOD 1
1
Area sector OAB  (5)2 (0.8) (M1)
2
 10 (A1)
ON  5cos0.8   3.483... (A1)
AN  5sin 0.8   3.586..... (A1)
1
Area of  AON  ON  AN
2
 6.249... (cm2 ) (A1)
Shaded area  10  6.249..
 3.75 (cm2 ) (A1) (C6)
METHOD 2
O N B
1
Area sector ABF  (5)2 (1.6) (M1)
2
 20 (A1)
1
Area OAF  (5)2 sin1.6 (M1)
2
 12.5 (A1)
Twice the shaded area  20  12.5 ( 7.5) (M1)
1
Shaded area  (7.5)
2
 3.75 (cm2 ) (A1) (C6)
[6]

79. (a) (i) f ( x)  6sin 2 x (A1)(A1)
(ii) EITHER
f ( x)  12sin x cos x  0
 sin x  0 or cos x  0 (M1)
OR
sin 2 x  0 ,
for 0  2 x  2 (M1)
THEN
π
x  0, , π
2
(A1)(A1)(A1) (N4) 6
(b) (i) translation (A1)

in the y-direction of –1 (A1)
(ii) 1.11 (1.10 from TRACE is subject to AP) (A2) 4
[10]
80. 3 = p + q cos 0 (M1)

3=p+q (A1)
–1 = p + q cos  (M1)
–1 = p – q (A1)
(a) p=1 (A1) (C3)
(b) q=2 (A1) (C3)
[6]

81. Method 1
0 1.80 2.51 x
0 (C2)
1.80 [3 sf] (G2) (C2)
2.51 [3 sf] (G2) (C2)
Method 2
3x = ±0.5x + 2 (etc.) (M1)
 3.5x = 0, 2, 4 or 2.5x = 0, 2, 4 (A1)
7x = 0, 4, (8) or 5x = 0, 4, (8) (A1)
4π 4π
x = 0, or x = 0, (A1)(A1)(A1)
7 5
4π 4π
x = 0, , (C2)(C2)(C2)
7 5
[6]
1
82. (a) area of sector ΑΒDC = π(2)2 = π (A1)
4
area of segment BDCP = π – area of ABC (M1)
=π–2 (A1) (C3)
(b) BP = 2 (A1)
1
area of semicircle of radius BP = π( 2 )2 = π (A1)
2
area of shaded region = π – (π – 2) = 2 (A1) (C3)
[6]
83. (a) OR  PQ
=q–p

10   7 
=   –   (A1)(A1)
 1   3
 3 
=   (A1) 3
–
 2
PO  PQ
(b) cos OP̂Q  (A1)
PO  PQ
PO  – 72  – 32 PQ  32  – 2 =
2
= 58 , 13 (A1)(A1)
PO  PQ = –21 + 6 = –15 (A1)

– 15 – 15
cos OP̂Q   (AG) 4
58 13 754
(c) (i) Since OP̂Q + PQ̂R = 180° (R1)

 15 
cos PQ̂R = –cos OP̂Q    (AG)
 754 

2
 15 
(ii) sin PQ̂R = 1–   (M1)
 754 
529
= 754 (A1)
23
= 754 (AG)
OR
15
cos  = 754
754
15
x P
(M1)
therefore x2 = 754 – 225 = 529  x = 23 (A1)
23
 sin  = (AG)
754
Note: Award (A1)(A0) for the following solution.
15
cos  =   = 56.89°
754
 sin  = 0.8376
23 23
= 0.8376  sin  =
754 754
(iii) Area of OPQR = 2 (area of triangle PQR) (M1)

1
=2× PQ  QR  sin PQ̂R (A1)
2
1 23
=2× 13 58 (A1)
2 754
= 23 sq units. (A1)
OR
Area of OPQR = 2 (area of triangle OPQ) (M1)
1
= 2  7  1 – 3  10 (A1)(A1)
2
= 23 sq units. (A1) 7
Notes: Other valid methods can be used.
Award final (A1) for the integer answer.
[14]
PR 9
84. (a) Sine rule  (M1)(A1)
sin35 sin 120

9 sin 35
PR =
sin 120
= 5.96 km (A1) 3
(b) EITHER
Sine rule to find PQ
9 sin 25
PQ = (M1)(A1)
sin 120
= 4.39 km (A1)
OR
Cosine rule: PQ2 = 5.962 + 92 – (2)(5.96)(9) cos 25 (M1)(A1)
= 19.29
PQ = 4.39 km (A1)
4.39
Time for Tom = (A1)
8
5.96
Time for Alan = (A1)
a
4.39 5.96
Then = (M1)
8 a
a = 10.9 (A1) 7

(c) RS2 = 4QS2 (A1)
4QS2 = QS2 + 81 – 18 × QS × cos 35 (M1)(A1)
3QS2 + 14.74QS – 81 = 0 (or 3x2 + 14.74x – 81 = 0) (A1)
 QS = –8.20 or QS = 3.29 (G1)
therefore QS = 3.29 (A1)
OR
QS 2QS

sinS R̂Q sin35 (M1)
1
SR̂Q 
 sin 2 sin 35 (A1)
SR̂Q
= 16.7° (A1)
QŜR
Therefore, = 180 – (35 + 16.7)
= 128.3° (A1)
9 QS  SR 
  
sin 128.3 sin16.7  sin 35  (M1)
9 sin 16.7  9 sin 35 

QS = sin 128.3  2 sin 128.3 

= 3.29 (A1) 6
[16]
 π 1  π 1
85. (a) (i) cos  –  , sin  –   – (A1)
 4 2  4 2
 π  π
therefore cos  –   sin  –  = 0 (AG)
 4  4
(ii) cos x + sin x = 0  1 + tan x = 0

 tan x = –l (M1)
3π
x= (A1)
4
Note: Award (A0) for 2.36.
OR
3π
x= (G2) 3
4

(b) y = ex(cos x + sin x)
dy
x x
d x = e (cos x + sin x) + e (–sin x + cos x) (M1)(A1)(A1) 3
= 2ex cos x
dy
(c) = 0 for a turning point  2ex cos x = 0 (M1)
dx
 cos x = 0 (A1)
π π
x= a= (A1)
2 2
π π
π π
y = e 2 (cos + sin )=e2
2 2
π
b=e2 (A1) 4
Note: Award (M1)(A1)(A0)(A0) for a = 1.57, b = 4.81.
d2 y
(d) At D, =0 (M1)
dx 2
2ex cos x – 2exsin x = 0 (A1)
2ex (cos x – sin x) = 0
 cos x – sin x = 0 (A1)
π
x= (A1)
4
π
π π
 y = e 4 (cos + sin ) (A1)
4 4
π
= 2 e4 (AG) 5
3
(e) Required area = 
0
4 ex (cos x + sin x)dx (M1)
= 7.46 sq units (G1)
OR
Αrea = 7.46 sq units (G2) 2
Note: Award (M1)(G0) for the answer 9.81 obtained if the
calculator is in degree mode.
[17]

4 
86. (a) (i) A is  , 0  (A1)(A1) (C2)
3 
(ii) B is (0, –4) (A1)(A1) (C2)
Note: In each of parts (i) and (ii), award C1 if A and B are
interchanged, C1 if intercepts given instead of coordinates.
1 4
(b) Area = ×4× (M1)
2 3
8
= (= 2.67) (A1) (C2)
3
[6]
87. (a) (3 sin x – 2)(sin x – 3) (A1)(A1) (C2)

2
Note: Award A1 if 3x – 11x + 6 correctly factorized to give
(3x – 2)(x – 3) (or equivalent with another letter).
(b) (i) (3 sin x – 2)(sin x – 3) = 0

2
sin x = sin x = 3 (A1)(A1) (C2)
3
(ii) x = 41.8°, 138° (A1)(A1) (C2)

Notes: Penalize [1 mark] for any extra answers and [1 mark] for
answers in radians.
ie Award A1 A0 for 41.8°, 138° and any extra answers.
Award A1 A0 for 0.730, 2.41.
Award A0 A0 for 0.730, 2.41 and any extra answers.
[6]
88. Note: Do not penalize missing units in this question.

(a) AB2 = 122 + 122 – 2 × 12 × 12 × cos 75° (A1)
= 122(2 – 2 cos 75°) (A1)
= 122 × 2(1 cos 75°)
AB = 12 2(1  cos 75) (AG) 2
Note: The second (A1) is for transforming the initial expression
to any simplified expression from which the given result can be
clearly seen.

(b) PÔB = 37.5° (A1)
BP = 12 tan 37.5° (M1)
= 9.21 cm (A1)
OR
BP̂A = 105° BÂP = 37.5° (A1)
AB BP
 (M1)
sin 105 sin 37.5
AB sin 37.5
BP = = 9.21(cm) (A1) 3
sin 105 
1  1 
(c) (i) Area ∆OBP =  12  9.21  or  12  12 tan 37.5  (M1)
2  2 
= 55.3 (cm2) (accept 55.2 cm2) (A1)
1
(ii) Area ∆ABP = (9.21)2 sin105° (M1)
2
= 41.0 (cm2) (accept 40.9 cm2) (A1) 4
1 π  75 
(d) Area of sector =  12 2  75   or  π  12 2  (M1)
2 180  360 
2 2
= 94.2 (cm ) (accept 30π or 94.3 (cm )) (A1) 2
(e) Shaded area = 2 × area ∆OPB – area sector (M1)

= 16.4 (cm2) (accept 16.2 cm2, 16.3 cm2) (A1) 2
[13]
89. Note: Do not penalize missing units in this question.

(a) (i) At release(P), t = 0 (M1)
s = 48 + 10 cos 0
= 58 cm below ceiling (A1)
(ii) 58 = 48 +10 cos 2πt (M1)

cos 2πt = 1 (A1)
t = 1sec (A1)
OR
t = 1sec (G3) 5

ds
(b) (i) = –20π sin 2πt (A1)(A1)
dt
Note: Award (A1) for –20π, and (A1) for sin 2t.
ds
(ii) v= = –20π sin 2πt = 0 (M1)
dt
sin 2 πt = 0
1
t = 0, ... (at least 2 values) (A1)
2
s = 48 + 10 cos 0 or s = 48 +10 cos π (M1)
= 58 cm (at P) = 38 cm (20 cm above P) (A1)(A1) 7
Note: Accept these answers without working for full marks. May
be deduced from recognizing that amplitude is 10.
(c) 48 +10 cos 2πt = 60 + 15 cos 4πt (M1)

t = 0.162 secs (A1)
OR
t = 0.162 secs (G2) 2
(d) 12 times (G2) 2

Note: If either of the correct answers to parts (c) and (d) are
missing and suitable graphs have been sketched, award (G2) for
sketch of suitable graph(s); (A1) for t = 0.162; (A1) for 12.
[16]
90. (a) l = r or ACB = 2 × OA (M1)

= 30 cm (A1) (C2)
(b) AÔB (obtuse) = 2 – 2 (A1)

1 1
Area =  r 2 = (2 – 2)(15)2 (M1)(A1)
2 2
= 482 cm2 (3 sf) (A1) (C4)
[6]

91.
d B
A
50 80
70°
P
(M1)(A2)
OR
2.5 × 20 = 50 (M1)(A1)
2.5 × 32 = 80 (A1)
d2 = 502 + 802 – 2 × 50 × 80 × cos 70° (M1)(A1)
d = 78.5 km (A1) (C6)
[6]
92. (a) (i) –1 (A1) (C1)

(ii) 4 (accept 720°) (A2) (C2)
(b)
y
 32
(G1)
number of solutions: 4 (A2) (C3)
[6]

93.
Statement (a) Is the statement true for all (b) If not true, example
real numbers x? (Yes/No)
A No x = –l (log10 0.1 = –1) (a) (A3)
(C3)
B No x = 0 (cos 0 = 1) (b) (A3)
(C3)
C Yes N/A
Notes: (a) Award (A1) for each correct answer.
(b) Award (A) marks for statements A and B only if NO in
column (a).
Award (A2) for a correct counter example to statement A, (A1)
for a correct counter example to statement B (ignore other
incorrect examples).
Special Case for statement C:
Award (A1) if candidates write NO, and give a valid reason (eg
5π
arctan 1 = ).
4
[6]
7 2
6
94. (a)  2 (M1)
sin A sin 45
2 2
sin A = 6   (A1)
2 7 2
6
= (AG) 2
7
(b)
D h
B C
(i) BD̂C + BÂC = 180° (A1)

6
(ii) sin A =
7
=> A = 59.0° or 121° (3 sf) (A1)(A1)
=>
BĈD = 180° – (121° + 45°)
= 14.0° (3 sf) (A1)
7 2
BD
(iii)  2 (M1)
sin 14 sin 45
=>BD = 1.69 (A1) 6
1
 BD  h
Area BDC 2
(c)  (M1)(A1)
Area BAC 1
 BA  h
2
BD
= (AG) 2
BA
OR
1
BD  6 sin 45
Area ΔBCD 2
 (M1)(A1)
Area ΔBAC 1
BA  6 sin 45
2
BD
= (AG) 2
BA
[10]
sin B sin 48

95. Using sine rule:  (M1)(A1)
5 7
5
 sin B = sin 48° = 0.5308… (M1)
7
 B = arcsin (0.5308) = 32.06° (M1)(A1)
= 32° (nearest degree) (A1) (C6)
Note: Award a maximum of [5 marks] if candidates give the
answer in radians (0.560).
[6]

96. (a) x is an acute angle => cos x is positive. (M1)
cos2 x + sin2 x = 1 => cos x =
1 – sin x
2
(M1)
2
1
1–  
=> cos x = 3 (A1)
8 2 2
= 9 (= 3 ) (A1) (C4)
2
1
(b) cos 2x = 1 – 2 sin x = 1 – 2  
2
(M1)
3
7
= (A1) (C2)
9
Notes: (a) Award (M1)(M0)(A1)(A0) for
  1 
cos  sin    = 0.943.
–1
  3 
  1 
Award (M1)(A0) for cos  2 sin    = 0.778.
–1
(b)

3  
[6]
97. (a) 2 sin2 x = 2(1 – cos2 x) = 2 – 2 cos2 x = l + cos x (M1)

=> 2 cos2 x + cos x – l = 0 (A1) (C2)
Note: Award the first (M1) for replacing sin2 x by
1 – cos2 x.
(b) 2 cos2 x + cos x – 1 = (2 cos x – 1)(cos x +1) (A1) (C1)
1
(c) cos x = or cos x = –l
2
=> x = 60°, 180° or 300° (A1)(A1)(A1) (C3)
Note: Award (A1)(A1)(A0) if the correct answers are given in
 5
radians (ie , , , or 1.05, 3.14, 5.24)
3 3
[6]

98. (a) The smallest angle is opposite the smallest side.
82  7 2  52
cos θ = 28 7 (M1)
88 11

= 112 14 = 0.7857
Therefore, θ = 38.2° (A1) (C2)
1
(b) Area = × 8 × 7 × sin 38.2° (M1)
2
= 17.3 cm2 (A1) (C2)
[4]
99. (a) 3 sin2 x + 4 cos x = 3(1 – cos2 x) + 4cos x

= 3 – 3 cos2 + 4 cos x (A1) (C1)
(b) 3 sin2 x + 4 cos x – 4 = 0 3 – 3 cos2 x + 4 cos x – 4 = 0

 3 cos2 x – 4 cos x + 1 = 0 (A1)
(3 cos x – 1)(cos x – 1) = 0
1
cos x = or cos x = 1
3
x = 70.5° or x = 0° (A1)(A1) (C3)
Note: Award (C1) for each correct radian answer, ie x = 1.23 or
x = 0.
[4]

100. OT̂A = 90° (A1)
12 2  6 2
AT =
6 3
=
π
TÔA = 60° = (A1)
3
Area = area of triangle – area of sector
1 1 π
= ×6× 6 3 – ×6×6× (M1)
2 2 3
2
= 12.3 cm (or 18 3 – 6) (A1) (C4)
OR
TÔA = 60° (A1)
1
Area of  = × 6 × 12 × sin 60 (A1)
2
1 π
Area of sector = ×6×6× (A1)
2 3
Shaded area = 18 3 – 6 = 12.3 cm2 (3 sf) (A1) (C4)
[4]
101. (a) (i) AP = ( x  8) 2  (10  6) 2  x 2  16 x  80 (M1) (AG)
(ii) OP = ( x  0) 2  (10  0) 2  x 2  100 (A1) 2
AP 2  OP 2  OA 2
(b) cos OP̂A  (M1)
2AP  OP
( x 2  16 x  80)  ( x 2  100 )  (8 2  6 2 )
= (M1)
2 x 2  16 x  80 x 2  100
2 x 2  16 x  80
= (M1)
2 x 2  16 x  80 x 2  100
x 2  8 x  40
cos OP̂A  (AG) 3
{( x 2  16 x  80)( x 2  100)}

(c) For x = 8, cos OP̂A = 0.780869 (M1)
arccos 0.780869 = 38.7° (3 sf) (A1)
OR
8
tan OP̂A  (M1)
10
OP̂A = arctan (0.8) = 38.7° (3 sf) (A1) 2
(d) OP̂A = 60°  cos OP̂A = 0.5

x 2  8 x  40
0.5 = (M1)
{( x 2  16 x  80)( x 2  100)}
2x2 – 16x + 80 – {( x 2  16 x  80)( x 2  100)} = 0 (M1)
x = 5.63 (G2) 4
(e) (i) f (x) = 1 when cos OP̂A = 1 (R1)

hence, when OP̂A = 0. (R1)
This occurs when the points O, A, P are collinear. (R1)
3x
(ii) The line (OA) has equation y = (M1)
4
40
When y = 10, x = (= 13 13 ) (A1)
3
OR
40
x= (= 13 13 ) (G2) 5
3
Note: Award (G1) for 13.3.
[16]
1 2 1
102. (a) Area = r   (152)(2) (M1)
2 2
= 225 (cm2) (A1) (C2)
1 2
(b) Area ∆OAB = 15 sin 2 = 102.3 (A1)
2
Area = 225 – 102.3 = 122.7 (cm2)
= 123 (3 sf) (A1) (C2)
[4]
sin (AĈB) sin 50

103. (a)  (M1)
20 17

20 sin 50
 sin (AĈB)  = 0.901
17
AĈB > 90°  AĈB = 180° – 64.3° = 115.7°
AĈB = 116 (3 sf) (A1) (C2)
(b) In Triangle 1, AĈB = 64.3°

 BÂC = 180° – (64.3° + 50°)
= 65.7° (A1)
1
Area = (20)(17) sin 65.7° = 155 (cm2) (3 sf) (A1) (C2)
2
[4]
104. METHOD 1
The value of cosine varies between –1 and +1. Therefore:
t = 0  a + b = 14.3
t = 6  a – b = 10.3
 2a = 24.6  a = 12.3 (A1) (C1)
 2b = 4.0  b = 2 (A1) (C1)
2π(12)
Period = 12 hours  = 2π (M1)
k
 k = 12 (A1) (C2)
METHOD 2
y
14.3
10.3
6 12 18 24 t (h)
From consideration of graph: Midpoint = a = 12.3 (A1) (C1)
Amplitude = b = 2 (A1) (C1)
2π
Period = = 12 (M1)
2π
k
 k = 12 (A1) (C2)
[4]
105.

C
32km
A
48km B
48 2  32 2  56 2
cos CÂB  (M1)(A1)
2(48)(32)
CÂB = arccos(0.0625) (A1)
 86° (A1)
[4]
106. (a) 2 cos2 x + sin x = 2(1 – sin2 x) + sin x

= 2 – 2 sin2 x + sin x (A1)
(b) 2 cos2 x + sin x = 2

 2 – 2 sin2 x + sin x = 2
sin x – 2 sin2 x = 0
sin x(1 – 2 sin x) = 0
1
sin x = 0 or sin x = (M1)
2
sin x = 0  x = 0 or  (0° or 180°) (A1)
Note: Award (A1) for both answers.
1 π 5π
sin x = x= or (30° or 150°) (A1)
2 6 6
Note: Award (A1) for both answers.
[4]

107. (a) y
4 MAXIMUM
{0.5<
(A1)
x<1
3.5<y<4 POINT
2
{
integers (A1)
1 on axis
x
1 2 3 4 5
LEFT RIGHT
(A1) 3.5<x<4 (A1)
–1 INTERCEPT 3<x<3.5 INTERCEPT
(A1) {
3.2<x<3.6 MINIMUM
–0.2<y <0 POINT
5
(b)  is a solution if and only if  +  cos  = 0. (M1)

Now  +  cos  =  + (–1) (A1)
=0 (A1) 3
(c) By using appropriate calculator functions x = 3.696 722 9... (M1)

 x = 3.69672 (6sf) (A1) 2
(d) See graph: (A1)

π
 (π  x cos x)dx
0
(A1) 2

π
(e) EITHER  (π  x cos x)dx
0
= 7.86960 (6 sf) (A3) 3
Note: This answer assumes appropriate use of a calculator eg

 fnInt(Y1 , X , 0, π)  7.869604401
‘fnInt’: 
with Y1  π  x cos x
π
 (π  x cos x)dx  [πx  x sin x  cos x]
π
OR 0
0
= ( – 0) + ( sin  – 0 × sin 0) + (cos  – cos 0) (A1)

= 2 + 0 + –2 = 7.86960 (6 sf) (A1) 3
[15]
1
108. (a) (i) Q= (14.6 – 8.2) (M1)
2
= 3.2 (A1)
1
(ii) P= (14.6 + 8.2) (M0)
2
= 11.4 (A1) 3
π 
(b) 10 = 11.4 + 3.2 cos  t  (M1)
6 
7 π 
so = cos  t 
16 6 
7 π
therefore arccos   t (A1)
 16  6
π
which gives 2.0236... = t or t = 3.8648. t = 3.86(3 sf) (A1) 3
6
(c) (i) By symmetry, next time is 12 – 3.86... = 8.135... t = 8.14 (3 sf) (A1)
(ii) From above, first interval is 3.86 < t < 8.14 (A1)
This will happen again, 12 hours later, so (M1)
15.9 < t < 20.1 (A1) 4
[10]

109. 3 cos x = 5 sin x
sin x 3

 cos x 5 (M1)
 tan x = 0.6 (A1)
x = 31° or x = 211° (to the nearest degree) (A1)(A1)(C2)(C2)
Note: Deduct [1 mark] if there are more than two answers.
[4]
5 12
110. sin A =  cos A =  (A1)
13 13
12
But A is obtuse  cos A = – (A1)
13
sin 2A = 2 sin A cos A (M1)
5  12 
=2×   
13  13 
120
=– (A1) (C4)
169
[4]

111. (a) y =  sin x – x
y
3
2 (1.25, 1.73)
1
(2.3, 0)
–3 –2 –1 x
1 2 3
(–2.3, 0)
–1
(–1.25, –1.73) –2
–3
(A5) 5
Notes: Award (A1) for appropriate scales marked on the axes.
Award (A1) for the x-intercepts at (2.3, 0).
Award (A1) for the maximum and minimum points at (1.25,
1.73).
Award (A1) for the end points at (3, 2.55).
Award (A1) for a smooth curve.
Allow some flexibility, especially in the middle three marks here.
(b) x = 2.31 (A1) 1
x2
(c)  ( π sin x  x)dx   π cos x 
2
C (A1)(A1)
Note: Do not penalize for the absence of C.

1
Required area =  (π sin x  x)dx
0
(M1)
= 0.944 (G1)
OR area = 0.944 (G2) 4
[10]

112. (a)
30º
Acute angle 30° (M1)

Note: Award the (M1) for 30° and/or quadrant diagram/graph
seen.
2nd quadrant since sine positive and cosine negative
  = 150° (A1) (C2)
1
(b) tan 150° = –tan 30° or tan 150° = 2 (M1)
3

2
1
tan 150° = – (A1) (C2)
3
[4]
PQ
113. (a) = tan 36°
40
 PQ  29.1 m (3 sf) (A1) (C1)

(b)
B
40m 30
Q 70
A
AQ̂B
= 80° (A1)
AB 40

sin 80 sin 70 (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for correctly substituting.

 AB = 41 9. m (3 sf) (A1) (C3)
[4]
114. Perimeter = 5(2π – 1) + 10 (M1)(A1)(A1)

Note: Award (M1) for working in radians; (A1) for 2π – 1; (A1)
for +10.
= (10π + 5) cm (= 36.4, to 3 sf) (A1) (C4)
[4]

 π
115. From sketch of graph y = 4 sin  3x   (M2)
 2
or by observing sin   1.
k > 4, k < –4 (A1)(A1)(C2)(C2)
4
0
–2 – 0  2
–1
–2
–3
–4
[4]

116. (a)(i) & (c)(i)
y
(1.1, 0.55)
(1.51, 0)
0 x
1 2
–1
(2, –1.66)
–2
(A3)
Notes: The sketch does not need to be on graph paper. It should
have the correct shape, and the points (0, 0), (1.1, 0.55), (1.57, 0)
and (2, –1.66) should be indicated in some way.
Award (A1) for the correct shape.
Award (A2) for 3 or 4 correctly indicated points, (A1) for 1 or 2
points.
(ii) Approximate positions are

positive x-intercept (1.57, 0) (A1)
maximum point (1.1, 0.55) (A1)
end points (0, 0) and (2, –1.66) (A1)(A1) 7
(b) x2 cos x = 0 x ≠ 0 ⇒ cos x = 0 (M1)

π
x= (A1) 2
2
Note: Award (A2) if answer correct.

(c) (i) see graph (A1)

(ii)  0
2 x 2 cos x dx (A2) 3
Note: Award (A1) for limits, (A1) for rest of integral correct (do
not penalize missing dx).
(d) Integral = 0.467 (G3)

OR

Integral = x 2 sin x  2 x cos x  2 sin x 0 
π/2
(M1)
π 2
π 
=  (1)  2 (0)  2(1) – [0 + 0 – 0] (M1)
4 2 
π
= – 2 (exact) or 0.467 (3 sf) (A1) 3
2
[15]
117. (a) From graph, period = 2π (A1) 1

(b) Range = {y –0.4 < y < 0.4} (A1) 1
d
(c) (i) f (x) = {cos x (sin x)2}
dx
= cos x (2 sin x cos x) – sin x (sin x)2 or –3 sin3 x + 2 sin x(M1)(A1)(A1)
Note: Award (M1) for using the product rule and (A1) for each
part.
(ii) f (x) = 0 (M1)

 sin x{2 cos x – sin2 x} = 0 or sin x{3 cos x – 1} = 0 (A1)
 3 cos2 x – 1 = 0
1
 cos x = ±   (A1)
 3
1
At A, f (x) > 0, hence cos x =   (R1)(AG)
 3
 2

 1    1   
(iii) f (x) =  1 –    (M1)
 3    3   
 
2 1 2
=   3 (A1) 9
3 3 9
π
(d) x= (A1) 1
2

1
 (cos x)(sin x) dx  sin 3 x  c
2
(e) (i) (M1)(A1)
3
1 
3
π/2  π 
(ii) Area =  0
(cosx)(sin x) 2 dx   sin   (sin 0) 3 
3 2 

(M1)
1
= (A1) 4
3
(f) At C f (x) = 0 (M1)

 9 cos3 x – 7 cos x = 0
 cos x(9 cos2 x – 7) = 0 (M1)
π 7
x= (reject) or x = arccos = 0.491 (3 sf) (A1)(A1) 4
2 3
[20]
118. Note: Award (M1) for identifying the largest angle.

42  52  7 2
cos  = (M1)
2 45
1
=– (A1)
5
  = 101.5° (A1)
OR Find other angles first

 = 44.4°  = 34.0° (M1)
  = 101.6° (A1)(A1) (C4)
Note: Award (C3) if not given to the correct accuracy.
[4]
119. AB = r
1 2
= r 2  (M1)(A1)
2 r
2
= 21.6 × (A1)
5.4
= 8 cm (A1)
1
OR × (5.4)2 = 21.6
2
4
= (= 1.481 radians) (M1)
2 .7
AB = r (A1)
4
= 5.4 × (M1)
2 .7

= 8 cm (A1) (C4)
[4]
120. (a) OA = 6  A is on the circle (A1)
OB = 6  B is on the circle. (A1)
 5 
OC   
 11 
= 25  11
=6  C is on the circle. (A1) 3
(b) AC  OC  OA
 5   6
=    (M1)
 11   0 
 1 
=   (A1) 2
 11 
AO  AC
(c) cos OAˆ C  (M1)
AO AC
  6   1 
 . 
 0   11 
=
6 1  11
6
= (A1)
6 12
1 3
=  (A1)
2 3 6

6 2  ( 12 ) 2  6 2
OR cos OAˆ C  (M1)(A1)
2  6  12
1
= 12 as before (A1)
OR using the triangle formed by AC and its horizontal and

vertical components:
AC  12 (A1)
1
cos OAˆ C  (M1)(A1) 3
12
Note: The answer is 0.289 to 3 sf
(d) A number of possible methods here

BC  OC  OB
 5    6
=    (A1)
 11   0 
 11 
=   (A1)
 11 
BC  = 132
1
ABC =  132  12 (A1)
2
= 6 11 (A1)
OR ABC has base AB = 12 (A1)

and height = 11 (A1)
1
 area =  12  11 (A1)
2
= 6 11 (A1)
3
OR Given cos BAˆ C 
6
33 1 33
sin BAˆ C   ABC   12  12  (A1)(A1)(A1)
6 2 6
= 6 11 (A1) 4
[12]

1
121. tan2 x = (M1)
3
1
 tan x =  3 (M1)
 x = 30° or x = 150° (A1)(A1)(C2)(C2)

[4]
122. h = r so 2r2 = 100  r2 = 50 (M1)

l = 10 = 2r (M1)
2π 50
= (A1)
10
2 π5 2
=
10
 =  2 = 4.44 (3sf) (A1) (C4)
Note: Accept either answer.
[4]
123. (a) f (1) = 3 f (5) = 3 (A1)(A1) 2
(b) EITHER distance between successive maxima = period (M1)

=5–1 (A1)
=4 (AG)
2π
OR Period of sin kx = ; (M1)
k
2π
so period = (A1)
π
2
=4 (AG) 2

π  3π 
(c) EITHER A sin   + B = 3 and A sin   + B = –1 (M1) (M1)
2  2 
 A + B = 3, – A + B = –1 (A1)(A1)
 A = 2, B = 1 (AG)(A1)
OR Amplitude = A (M1)
3  (1) 4

A= 2 2 (M1)
A=2 (AG)
Midpoint value = B (M1)
3  (1) 2

B= 2 2 (M1)
B=1 (A1) 5
Note: As the values of A = 2 and B = 1 are likely to be quite
obvious to a bright student, do not insist on too detailed a proof.
π 
(d) f (x) = 2 sin  x  + 1
2 
π π 
f (x) =  2 cos  x  + 0 (M1)(A2)
2 2 
π
Note: Award (M1) for the chain rule, (A1) for   , (A1) for
2
π 
2 cos  x  .
2 
π 
=  cos  x  (A1) 4
2 
Notes: Since the result is given, make sure that reasoning is
valid. In particular, the final (A1) is for simplifying the result of
the chain rule calculation. If the preceding steps are not valid,
this final mark should not be given. Beware of “fudged” results.
π 
(e) (i) y = k – x is a tangent  – =  cos  x  (M1)
2 
π 
 –1 = cos  x  (A1)
2 
π
 x =  or 3 or ...
2
 x = 2 or 6 ... (A1)
Since 0  x  5, we take x = 2, so the point is (2, 1) (A1)

(ii) Tangent line is: y = –(x – 2) + 1 (M1)
y = (2 + 1) – x
k = 2 + 1 (A1) 6
π 
(f) f (x) = 2  2 sin  x  + 1 = 2 (A1)
2 
π  1
 sin  x   (A1)
2  2
π π 5π 13π
 x  or or
2 6 6 6
1 5 13
x = or or (A1)(A1)(A1) 5
3 3 3
[24]

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1. Solve the equation 2cos x = sin 2x, for 0 ≤ x ≤ 3π.

(a) Write down the height of P above ground level after

(ii) Find h(21).

(c) Sketch the graph of h, for 0 ≤ t ≤ 40.

3. The following diagram shows triangle ABC.

diagram not to scale

AB = 7 cm, BC = 9 cm and AB̂C = 120°.

(a) Find AC.

(b) Find BÂC .

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(a) Show that a = 4.

The wheel turns at a rate of one rotation every 30 seconds.

(c) Find these values of t.

(d) Determine whether the bucket is underwater at the second value of t.

The path makes a 4° angle with the horizontal.

Find all possible values for A.

(a) Write down the value of tan θ.

(b) Find the value of

(i) sin 2θ;

(ii) cos 2θ.

8. Let f(x) = cos 2x and g(x) = 2x2 – 1.

9. Let f(x) = 6 + 6sinx. Part of the graph of f is shown below.

(a) Solve for 0 ≤ x < 2π.

(d) Give a full geometric description of this transformation.

10. The graph of y = p cos qx + r, for –5 ≤ x ≤ 14, is shown below.

(a) Find the value of

(a) Use the cosine rule to show that AC = 41 40 cos x .

(ii) Find AC.

(d) (i) Find y.

(ii) Hence, or otherwise, find the area of triangle ACD.

diagram not to scale

(a) Find the size of angle AOC.

(b) Hence find the area of the shaded region.

The area of sector OCDE is 45 cm2.

(c) Find the size of angle COE.

(d) Find EF.

diagram not to scale

(a) Find the length of the arc ACB.

(b) Find the area of the shaded region.

14. (a) Show that 4 – cos 2θ + 5 sin θ = 2 sin2 θ + 5 sin θ + 3.

(b) Hence, solve the equation 4 – cos 2θ + 5 sin θ = 0 for 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π.

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(a) (i) Show that AC   42  .

(iii) Show that AC is perpendicular to BD .

The line (AC) has equation r = u + sv.

(b) (i) Write down vector u and vector v.

(ii) Find a vector equation for the line (BD).

(c) Show that k = 1.

16. The following diagram shows the triangle ABC.

diagram not to scale

The angle at C is obtuse, AC = 5 cm, BC = 13.6 cm and the area is 20 cm2.

(a) Find AĈB .

(b) Find AB.

(c) Find the value of b and of c.

(a) Write down an expression in terms of θ for

Let the area of the rectangle be A.

(b) Show that A = 18 sin 2θ.

(c) (i) Find sin RP̂Q .

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(a) Find AB.

(b) Find the area of the shaded region.

(a) Find an expression for h(x).

(b) Write down the period of h.

(c) Write down the range of h.