M/S. FLOWMORE LIMITED- EPC DIV.

Document No Revision
EARTH MAT DESIGN JUSNL/FLOWMORE/
MAHUDA/01 00
132/33 kV Grid S/S,MAHUDA,DHANBAD
Constants/
Symbol Description Units
Variables

tf Fault current duration in seconds = 1.0 second

If 3 phase fault current in kArms (3.I0) = 40.00 kA
Average earth resistivity in Ω-meter(Mesured average value 13.8
ρ = 23.644 Ω-m
ohm-mtr.For design 15 ohm-mtr adopted).
ρs Surface layer resistivity in Ω-meter = 3000.0 Ω-m
hs Crushed rock layer thickness in meter = 0.100 m
ts Duration of shock for determining the allowable body current in
= 1.0 sec
seconds
Lx1 Maximum length of the equivalent grid in the x1 direction in meter = 131.0 m

Ly1 Maximum length of the equivalent grid in the y1 direction in meter = 127.0 m

Lx2 Maximum length of the equivalent grid in the x1 direction in meter = 70.0 m

Ly2 Maximum length of the equivalent grid in the y1 direction in meter = 30.0 m
ng No. of ground rods = 267.0
If peripheral ground rods considered then
(2XnA1+2XnB1+2XnA2+2XnB2)
l g = Lr Length of ground rods in m = 3.0 m
h Depth of grid in meter = 0.7 m
h0 Grid reference depth = 1.0 m
Df Decrement factor for the entire duration of fault Tf in second = 1.0
Sf Fault Current Division Factor = 0.50
Cp Corrective projection factor for the relative increase of fault
= 1
currents during the station life span
Ground grid conductor is ROD enter '1' (or) FLAT enter '2'
2
Accordingly feed the values
W Ground grid conductor width in mm if it is flat = 75 mm
T Ground grid conductor thickness in mm if it is flat = 10 mm
d Diameter of ground grid conductor in mm if it is round rod = 0.0 mm
D Spacing between parallel conductor in meters = 5.0 m
Ta Ambient air temperature in °C = 50.0 °C
Tm Maximum allowable temperature in °C = 500.0 °C
Thermal Coefficient of resistivity of ground conductor at a
αr = 0.00423 per °C
reference temperature, Tr in per °C
ρr Resistivity of ground conductor (Material) at Tr in μ Ω-cm = 15.0 μ Ω-cm
δ Density of material (Specific Weight), gm/cm 3
= 7.85 gm/cm3
s Specific heat of the material, cal/gm /°C = 0.114 cal/gm/°C

α0 Thermal Coefficient of resistivity of ground conductor at 0°C per °C = 3.87E-03 per °C

cor Corrosion allowance in percentage = 15.00 %

Page 1 of 6
 M/S. FLOWMORE LIMITED- EPC DIV. Document No Revision
EARTH MAT DESIGN JUSNL/FLOWMORE/
MAHUDA/01 00
132/33 kV Grid S/S,MAHUDA,DHANBAD
Constants/
Symbol Description Units
Variables

RESULTS

MINIMUM AREA REQUIRED FOR GRID CONDUCTOR WITH mm2

631.3
CORROSION ALLOWANCE =

GROUND GRID CONDUCTOR AREA CHOSEN 75X10mm GI = mm2

750.0
FLAT

GRID RESISTANCE Ohms

AS PER IEEE - 80, IN SMALLER DISTRIBUTION
SUBSTATIONS, THE ACCEPTABLE RANGE IS 1 TO 5 0.091
OHMS.HENCE OK =

GRID SPACING CHOSEN = 5.0 M

TOLERABLE TOUCH VOLTAGE = 477.3 V

TOLERABLE STEP VOLTAGE = 1561.1 V

CALCULATED TOUCH VOLTAGE = 177.2 V

CALCULATED STEP VOLTAGE = 178.0 V

REFERENCE DOCUMENT: IEEE - 80.

Page 2 of 6
STEP 1
Field Data
Area of Substation Layout(A) m2
Ground Resistivity survey (ρ)Ω-m

STEP 2
Conductor size calculation :
K0 1/ α0 (or) 1/ αr-20 in °C = 258.40 °C

TCAP Thermal Capacity Factor in J/cm3/°C (= 4.184 × Specific Heat in

= 3.744 J/cm3/°C
cal/ g/ °C × Specific Weight in gm/cc)

A Cross Sectional Area of the ground grid conductor = 631.27 mm2

1
=(1+ c or )×I f ×

√ T CAP×10−4
t f ×α r × ρr
x ln
(
K 0 +T m
K 0 +T a )
2 It should be
πd greater than
A Selected grid conductor Area A= ( or ) =L X B = 750.00 mm2
calculated
4 value

STEP 3
Tolerable Value of Touch and step potential Calculation:

Cs Surface layer resistivity derating factor = 0.7

=1−
0. 09× 1−
(ρ
ρs )
2 h s +0 . 09

Estep50 Tolerable step voltage for human with 50 kg body weight = 1561.1 V

0 . 116
=(1000+6×C s× ρs )×
√t s
Etouch50 Tolerable touch potential for human with 50 kg body weight = 477.3 V

0.116
STEP 4  (1000  1.5  C s   s ) 
INITIAL GRID DESIGN ts
h= Depth of the ground grid conductors in m 0.7 m
D= Spacing between parallel conductors in m 5m
Dm Maximum distance between any two point on the grid in m 182.46 m

√
= Lx + L 2 2
y

Lx1 Maximum length of grid in X direction in m 131 m

Ly1 Maximum length of grid in Y direction in m 127 m
Lx2 Maximum length of grid in X direction in m 70
Ly2 Maximum length of grid in Y direction in m 30
nA1 = The number of parallel conductors in X direction (Portion 1) (L x1/D+1) 27 Nos
nB1 = The number of parallel conductors in Y direction (Portion 1) (L y1/D+1) 26 Nos
nA2 = The number of parallel conductors in X direction (Portion 2) (L x2/D+1) 14 Nos
nB2 = The number of parallel conductors in Y direction (Portion 2) (L y2/D+1) 6 Nos
LC Total length of the conductor in horizontal grid in meters

Page 3 of 6
 (Lx1 *( nB1) + Ly1*(nA1))+(Lx2 *( nB2) + Ly2*(nA2))

}=
(or) ((nA1-1)*D *( nB1) +( nB1-1)*D*(nA1))+((nA2-1)*D *( nB2) + (nB2-
1)*D*(nA2)) = 724 m
778
Additional Length on the periphery of control room (19 x 11) = 54 m
LP Peripheral length of the grid in meters = 140 m
Aarea Area of the grid in m2
AR Area covered by ground grid conductor in m² = L × B = 18737.0 m2
STEP 5

LR Total length of all ground rods in meter ( lg × ng) = 801.0 m

Total effective length of grounding system conductor including
LT = 1579 m
grid and ground rod, (LC+LR) in m

Rg Grid resistance = 0.0914 Ω

[ √ )]
1 1 1
= ρ× +
LT √ 20× A R
1+
( 1+ h×
20
AR

STEP 6
MAXIMUM GRID CURRENT ,Ig
Ig rms symmetrical grid current in kA = If × Sf = 20.00 kA
IG Maximum grid current in kA = Ig × Df × Cp = 20.00 kA

STEP 7
Ground potential Rise:

GPR Ground Potential Rise = IG × Rg × 1000 = 1827.2 V

Con: GPR more than tolerable touch voltage then further calculation required
STEP 6
MESH VOLTAGE

Kh =
√ 1+
h
h0 = 1.303840481

na 2 LC = 11.11
=
LP

nb = 0.505660475

nc
=
√ 4×√ AR
LP

0 .7⋅A R = 0.91
=
[
L x⋅L y
AR ] Lx⋅L y

nd Dm = 1.00
=
√ L2 + L2y
x

n Geometric Factor = na ×nb ×nc ×nd = 5.12

Ki Correction factor for grid geometry = 0.644 + 0.148 × n = 1.4

Ks =
1 1
[+
1 1 n−2
+ ( 1−0. 5 )
π 2 h D+h D ] = 0.3

Kii Corrective weighting factor for grid with no ground rods or only a
few ground rods, none located in the corner or on the perimeter

Page 4 of 6
 1 = 1.0
= 2
for without rods ( or ) 1 for with rods
n
( 2⋅n )

Diameter of actual grid conductor selected ( if Flat (W x T) then

d = 0.0375 m
consider W/2)

Km Spacing factor for mesh voltage = 0.5

=
1
2π [{
ln
D2
+
( D+2h)2 h
−
K
+ ii ln
8
16×h×d 8×D×d 4×d K h π ( 2×n−1 ) } { }]
Mesh voltage in volts at the centre of the corner mesh calculated
Em value of maximum mesh voltage (Worst possible touch voltage) = 177.2 V
= calculated touch voltage
ρ×I G×K m ×K i×1000
=

[
Lc + 1 . 55+1 .22
(√
Lr
L2x + L2y )] LR

Step voltage in volts between a point above the outer corner of

Es the grid and a point 1 meter diagonally outside the grid = 178.0 V
( Calculated value of maximum step voltage which can occur)

ρ×I G ×K s ×K i ×1000
=
0 .75 Lc +0 .85 LR

Page 5 of 6
 ANNEXURE - D

JUSTIFICATION OF GROUND GRID CONDUCTOR DIAMETER

MINIMUM AREA REQUIRED FOR GRID CONDUCTOR WITH 631.3 mm2

CORROSION ALLOWANCE =