COLD WATER SUPPLY

SYSTEM (PART 2)
Subject: Building Services 1 [ BLD 60403]
LECTURE OVERVIEW
1. Water supply to high rise building
2. Materials for piping
3. Piping and fitting sizing of cold water
pipes
4. Sanitary appliances
5. Sanitary appliances for disabled people
1. Water supply to high rise
building
Pneumatic Cylinder System

How does it works:

1. Compressed air in the cylinder forces water up
to the float valves and drinking water outlets on
the upper floor.
2. As the cylinder empties a low pressure switch
engages the duty pump.
3. When the pump has refilled the cylinder, a high
pressure switch disengages the pump.
4. In the same time, some air is absorbed by the
water.
Pneumatic Cylinder System

5. A float switch detects the high water level in

the cylinder and activates an air compressor to
regulate the correct volume of air.
6. Break pressure cisterns supply from the storage
cisterns at the roof level or from the rising
main.
2. Material for Piping
PIPE MATERIALS:-
• COPPER
• PLASTIC
• CAST IRON
• CONCRETE
• STEEL
• GALVANISED STEEL
Materials:-

• Suitability.
• Fit for purpose – no adverse affect on the health
and safety of the building.
• Consult water supplier at an early stage.
• Check the character of the water supply and
ground conditions.
• Some water are aggressive to certain type of
soils.
• Water consultant able to advise on local
conditions.
Continued:-
• Dissimilar pipe materials should not be
connected together.
• Temperature limits for pipes and fittings:-
oCold water installation – 40ºC Degree
Celsius.
oHot water installation - 95ºC Degree
Celsius.
• Installation should be capable of operating
effectively.
Factors affecting choices of materials

1. Effect on water quality

2. Cost, service life and maintenance needs
3. Internal and external corrosion
4. Compatibility of materials
5. Temperature effect. (Plastic)
6. Vibration, stress
7. Internal water pressure.
Copper pipes
• Found at specially constructed service ducts.
• by forming joints and bronze welding them
• specially manufactured brazing fitting
Advantages and Disadvantages of copper pipes

Soft metal, easy to bend.

Installed using less fasteners and connectors
Less hardware used, easier to install.

× Expensive compare with plastic.

× Only suitable for water that has a PH between
6.5 to 8.5. Water come from well may be too
acidic.
Plastic pipes
• Widely used for domestic water supply and
drainage, waste and vent pipe.
• Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
• Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC)
• Polypropylene (PP)
• Polybutlyene (PB)
• Polyethylene (PE)
• Malaysia Standard Code of Practice for the
installation of Piping System and Appliances.
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) & Chlorinated polyvinyl
chloride (CPVC)
• Rigid plastic pipes similar to PVC drain pipes.
• With thicker walls to deal with water pressure
• PVC can be used for cold water only or for
ventilation.
• CPVC can be used for hot and cold potable water
supply
• Connection – primers and solvent cements are
required by code.
PVC & CPVC Pipes
PBT -Polybutylene Terephthalate
• Flexible plastic pipe.
• Attached to barbed fitting.
• Secured in place with copper crimp ring.
PEX - Cross-linked polyethylene
• Mechanically joined fittings.
• Employing barbs and crimped steel or copper
fittings.
PEX Aqua – PEX-AL-PEX
• Aluminum sandwich.
• Aluminum pipe sandwiched between
layers of PEX and connected with brass
compression fittings.
Poly Tanks
• Plastic polyethylene cisterns.
• Underground water tanks, above ground
water tanks.
• Made of linear polyethylene
• Suitable as potable water storage tank.
Advantages and Disadvantages of plastic pipe

Light weight, tough, resistant to chemical attack.

Available in large lengths.
Reduce cost of handling, transportation and
installation.
Less number of joints facilitate the speed and
reduced chances of leakage.
Rust resistant, good elastic properties.
Their adaptability to earth movements.
Smooth internal surface of the pipes offer less
friction, it saves the energy in the conveyance of
water.
Non-decomposing.
Advantages and Disadvantages of plastic pipe

×Plastic pipes are not installed in high

temperature.
×Easily cracked.
×At higher temperatures, the strength of
plastic pipes reduces.
Other pipes
• Galvanized iron pipe is a pipe commonly used
for potable water and sewage distribution.
• Better pipe materials for underground pipes.
• Stronger and more fracture resistant.
3. Piping and fitting sizing of cold
water pipes

Pipe standard BS EN 1057

Malaysia Standard Code MS
• Malaysian Standard MS 1058 (PE pipe and fittings)
MS 1063 (PVC pipes) etc.
Standard Pipe Size Schedule
Graphical Symbols for Pipe Fittings
Problem occurs to pipe

• Loss of seal – when a full-bore flow occurs

in a main branch discharge pipe, creating
a negative pressure in the discharge pipe
from the trap.
Loss of seal caused by - Siphonage
1. Self siphonage – as an appliance discharges,
the water fill the waste pipe and create a
vacuum to draw out the seal.
2. Induced siphonage – the discharge from one
appliance draws out the seal in the trap of an
adjacent appliance by creating a vacuum in
that appliance’s branch pipe.
Self Siphonage
Loss of seal caused by – Back pressure, Capillary action,
Wavering out
3. Back pressure – compression occurs due to resistance to
flow at the base of a stack. The positive pressure displaces
water in the lowest trap.
Loss of seal caused by – Back pressure, Capillary action,
Wavering out
4. Capillary action – a piece of rag, string or hair caught on the
trap outlet.
5. Wavering out – gusts of wind blowing over the top of the
stack can cause a partial vacuum to disturb water seals.

Capillary action Wavering out

To overcome loss of seal problem
• A separate pipe of smaller diameter is
attached to the traps, which connects the
trap to the vent pipe.
• This pipe is known as anti-siphonage pipe.
• It supplies air to the short branch pipe of
the lower fixture, at the time of suction,
otherwise it acts as a vent pipe of the
lower fixtures.
4. Sanitary Appliances
5. Sanitary appliances for disabled
people
5. Sanitary appliances for disabled
people
• Facilities for disabled people should be provided
within conventional separate sex WC and
washroom compartment.
• A suitable compartment contain some
appliances fitted with support rails
• Sufficient space to accommodate persons with
impaired leg movement and with crutches
• Compartment door opens outwards.
A disabled toilet should have:-
• An emergency release device, operated from the
outside
• A horizontal bar for closing, fitted to the inside.
• Passageway width, minimum 1200mm, WC
compartment size, minimum 2200x1500mm
• Door into compartment, minimum 1000mm clear
width.
• Support/grab rails of 50mm minimum diameter, each
side of a wash basin.
• Hinged or drop-drown rail at least 300mm long on
the exposed side of a WC.
• WC positioned to allow lateral transfer from a
wheelchair.
• WC seat of rigid and robust material, set to a height
of 480mm above finished floor level.
• Means for flushing, maximum 1200mm above
finished floor level.
• Wash basin height maximum 750mm and
reachable whilst seated on WC pan.
• Wash basin taps of the quarter turn lever type, or
an electric sensor operated discharge. Water
temperature at 35 degree Celsius maximum.
• Emergency alarm cord suspended from the ceiling,
as close as possible to a wall.
 Thank You

CHILDREN ARE QUICK AND ALWAYS SPEAK THEIR MINDS

Teacher: Donald, what is the chemical formula for water?

Donald: H I J K L M N O.

Teacher: what are you talking about?

Donald: Yesterday you said it’s H to O.