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Article
What is enlightenment?
How to be happy?
Ragi or finger millet is one of the most nutritious and healthy cereals. Here’s a look at the many health
benefits of ragi, plus six great recipes.
Article
Sep 7, 2015
September 1-7 is celebrated every year as National Nutrition Week in India. Today, let’s take a look at an
amazing “super cereal” that can help control diabetes, cancer, osteoporosis and lots more.
A generation ago, many Indians, especially in the southern part of the country, were familiar with ragi or
finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.). The once well-known cereal is however totally absent in most
people’s diets today. This is quite surprising and unfortunate, considering the nutritive and therapeutic
value of finger millet for the human body. Besides, it is a very adaptable crop that is admirably suited to
Indian climatic conditions, making it doubly significant. Let’s take a look at a few of the benefits of finger
millet, and some delicious recipes for ragi laddus, cookies and pakodas!
Finger millet originated in Africa and has been cultivated for many thousands of years in Uganda and
Ethiopia. In India, the crop was probably introduced 4000 years ago, and has been found in archeological
excavations in the Harappan Civilization.
Benefits of Ragi
The grain's protein content is comparable to that of rice. However, some ragi varieties have shown
double that level. More importantly, this protein content is quite unique. The main protein fraction is
eleusinin, which has a high biological value, meaning that it is easily incorporated into the body. There
are also significant quantities of tryptophan, cystine, methionine and total aromatic amino acids. If that
sounds too complicated, all you need to know is that these are considered crucial to human health, and
that most cereals are deficient in these components. This high protein content makes finger millet a very
important factor in preventing malnutrition. The cereal can be an especially good source of protein for
vegetarians because of its methionine content that constitutes about 5% of the protein.
Ragi is also a very rich source of minerals. It has been found to have between 5-30 times the calcium
content found in other cereals. It is also rich in phosphorus, potassium and iron. Calcium is of course an
important component in maintaining bone density and health. Thus, finger millet would be a healthier
alternative to over-the-counter supplements, especially for people who might be at risk of osteoporosis
or low hemoglobin levels.
The study, “The Lost Crops of Africa,” published by the United States National Academies sees finger
millet as a potential “super cereal” and points out that “the world's attitude towards finger millet must
be reversed. Of all major cereals, this crop is one of the most nutritious.” The study notes that people in
Uganda and southern Sudan have healthy, strapping physiques despite eating just one meal a day, and
attributes this to finger millet.
The rapid rise in the prevalence of diabetes has led to a great demand for foods containing complex
carbohydrates with high dietary fiber levels and beneficial phytochemicals. Phytochemicals are a varied
group of chemical compounds derived from plants, which are considered to be important factors in our
capacity to combat disease. All these components are usually found in the outer layer of the grain or the
seed coat, and so, it is generally a good idea to consume whole grains.
Especially with finger millet, the grain’s seed coat is richer in polyphenols as compared to grains such as
barley, rice, maize and wheat. For example, it has 40 times the phenolic content of rice and 5 times that
of wheat. Among the millets, it is comparable to foxtail millet, and second only to kodo millet. Initial
studies have also shown that finger millet controls blood glucose levels, and hyperglycemic and
oxidative stress. Finger millet has also shown promise in accelerating wound healing among diabetics.
Finger millet has been found to act against a number of bacteria including Bacillus cereus, which causes
food poisoning, Salmonella sp., which causes a typhoid-like fever, and Staphylococcus aureus, one of the
primary causes of skin and soft tissue infections such as abscesses, furuncles, and cellulitis.
Finger millet is also rich in antioxidants, which have sort of become a byword in health books today.
Antioxidants prevent excessive oxidation (how surprising!), which could otherwise cause cancer and
ageing because of cell damage. The phenolic acids, flavonoids and tannins present in finger millet seed
coats have very effective antioxidant properties. In general, it has been shown that people on millet-
based diets have lower incidences of esophageal cancer than those on wheat or maize-diets.
Aside from the phenolic content and antioxidants which are important factors in preventing ageing,
finger millet and kodo millet have specifically shown potential in inhibiting cross-linking of collagen.
Collagen cross-linking is the process by which cross-links form between or within collagen molecules in
tendons, skin, and even blood vessels. Collagen is what gives tissues their elasticity, and cross-linking
reduces this ability, leading to the stiffness commonly associated with age.
Emerging research has shown that finger millet has the potential to reduce risk of cardiovascular
diseases. Technically speaking, finger millet reduces concentrations of serum triglycerides and inhibits
lipid oxidation and LDL cholesterol oxidation. LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein) cholesterol is what is
termed "bad" cholesterol and is especially troublesome when oxidized. Oxidized LDL inflames the
arteries, leading to arteriosclerosis and the risk of heart attack or strokes.
Considering all these benefits, it is extremely surprising that in a world desperate for health foods and
miracle cures, most people have never heard of ragi. In many places where it is grown, it is looked upon
as a "poor person's crop" or a "famine food." In the United States, it is often used as birdseed! Though it
is in decline in Africa, it is still an important crop in the eastern part of the continent, especially among
subsistence farmers. But in India, it is greatly neglected and fast disappearing.
For example, according to the government’s crop production statistics, in 1998-99, about 2.7 million
tons of finger millet were harvested from 1.8 million hectares. Fast-forward to 2013-14, and those
numbers have fallen by 95%. Only 90,000 tons were harvested from 99,000 hectares. This, despite the
fact that this is a very hardy crop that grows even in arid regions with minimal water. Finger millet is also
available in a range of varieties that can be grown in monsoon-heavy regions to dry areas and in the
Himalayas as well, upto an altitude of 2300 meters.
Hopefully, there will be a turnaround in finger millet’s fortunes. Take a look at the recipes below, and if
you enjoy them, include more ragi in your diet. That would be one miniscule step in the right direction.
Also, Isha Shoppe offers many ragi-based products with home delivery in India.
Ragi Recipes
Ragi Malt
Traditionally, ragi is given to infants and young children as a ragi malt because it is easier to digest,
though it’s nutritional value is somewhat decreased.
List
Soak ragi grains for 12 hours. Germinate by tying them in a thin/muslin cloth for 2-3 days
Dry roast
List
Mix 3-4 tsp of ragi malted flour with a little bit of water, enough to make a paste
Add salt
List
Mix 3-4 tsp of ragi malted flour with a little bit of water, enough to make a paste
Ragi Ladoo
Ingredients
Ragi (Finger Millet) flour : 1 cup
Ghee : ½ cup
Palm Sugar : ½ cup
Grated Fresh Coconut : ¼ cup
Black Sesame : 2 tbsp
Groundnuts : 2 tbsp
Almonds : 8-10
Cardamom powder : ¼ tsp
Method
List
In a shallow pan and low heat, dry roast black sesame, groundnuts and grated fresh coconut separately.
Keep them aside to cool.
Add a tsp of ghee to the pan and toast the almonds for a minute or two and keep them aside.
Add the Ragi flour to the pan along with 2-3 tbsp of ghee and roast for 15-20 minutes. Add more ghee if
needed.
Add the roasted almonds, groundnuts, coconut and black sesame. Keep stirring.
Add the palm sugar and cardamom powder. Stir for another 2 minutes.
Apply ghee onto your palm; take 3-4 tbsp of the mixture and roll into a ladoo. Add more ghee if needed
to make a firm, round ladoo.
Ragi Halwa
Ingredients
Method
List
Start adding the coconut oil (or ghee), 2 tablespoons at a time. Keep mixing until all the oil (or ghee) is
used.
Lower the heat and keep stirring for another 3–4 minutes. The mixture will start coming together – from
a pasty consistency to a ball. Add the sautéed cashews.
Cook for another 2–3 minutes, mixing constantly. As the mixture cooks, the oil will start to separate
from the ragi ball. Drain the excess oil and transfer the halwa to a glass bowl. Serve warm.
Ragi Pakoda
Ingredients:
Method
List
Peel and mince the ginger. Coarsely chop the coriander and curry leaves. Mix the veggies and herbs –
cabbage, capsicum, ginger, coriander and curry leaves – in a bowl.
Mix the dry ingredients – ragi flour, besan, cashew pieces, sesame seeds, salt, and black pepper
powder/chili powder – in a large mixing bowl.
Heat the oil for frying. Add 2 tablespoons of this hot oil to the dry mix. Now add the vegetables to the
dry ingredients and mix well. Add just enough water to form a dough. Make bite-sized ragi pakoda
pieces and fry them in hot oil.
Ragi Cookies
Ingredients
List
Roast the flours in the pre-heated oven (180°C) shaking the baking pan every few minutes, until toasted
(6-7 minutes.)
Meanwhile, beat the butter and sugar until soft and creamy.
Dissolve the baking powder in the yogurt, then add the spices.
Once the flour mixture is cooled, mix all the ingredients together to form a ball.
Place each one on a greased cookie sheet (baking pan) and use a fork to flatten each ball, making
crossed lines on top.
Keep in an airtight tin for one day to let the flavors develop.
If you’d like to order readymade ragi cookies, Isha Shoppe offers them with home delivery.
Ragi Dosa
Ingredients
Method
List
Heat a tawa and ladle the dosa mix onto the tawa.
Gradually spread the mix a thin circle by lifting and rotating the tawa. Ragi dosas are usually difficult to
spread with a ladle as they tend to tear.
Food Body
Editor’s Note: The book is available on a “name your price” basis. Pay as you wish or click “Claim for
Free”. Food Body looks at the kind of foods the body is most comfortable with and explores the most
appropriate ways of consuming such foods. The 33-page booklet is a first step to tune into your body
and figure out what suits it best.
Related Tags
Recipe
6 Comments
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ragi mudde is so famous that it need not to be shown,may be the idea is to give new innovative ways so
that junk foods could be avoided.brother better take things positively
Reply
4 years 1 month ago
Reply
3 years 4 months ago
Reply
2 years 7 months ago
Ragi is called "Rai" in Hindi. Yes its widely available in the North.
Reply
2 months ago
not rai
Reply
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