Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
M
National Aeronautics and
$pace Administration
A News
Washington. D C 20546
AC 202 755-8370
Contents
THE S P A C E C R A F T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-13
GROUND S Y S T E M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-17
I U E LAUNCH P R O F I L E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
C O N T R A C T O R S . . o . . . . . . ~ . o ~ ~ ~ o ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ o o o . . o ~ ~ ~ ~ . ~ ~ . . 24-27
~o
GLOSSARY......................................... 28-29
Mailed:
January 20, 1978
1
9 N e w
National Aeronautcs and
Space Administratlon
Washington. D C 20546
AC 202 755-8370
~~
For Release
N l c h o l a s Panagakos
H e a d q u a r t e r s , Washington, D.C. IMMEDIATE
(Phone: 202/755-3680)
Joe McRoberts
Goddard Space F l i g h t C e n t e r , G r e e n b e l t , Md.
(Phone: 301/982-4955)
I n t e r n a t i o n a l U l t r a v i o l e t E x p l o r e r t h i s month t o s t u d y a wide
range of c e l e s t i a l o b j e c t s i n one of t h e most i m p o r t a n t r e g i o n s
of the e l e c t r o m a g n e t i c spectrum.
Jan. 26.
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Mailed:
January 2 0 , 1 9 7 8
1
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I -.
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THE SPACECRAFT
The IUE i s an o c t a g o n a l s t r u c t u r e w i t h t h e t e l e s c o p e
p r o t r u d i n g from t h e t o p and a f i x e d s o l a r a r r a y on two
o p p o s i t e sides. I t i s designed t o m a i n t a i n one face of
t h e a r r a y toward t h e Sun when s t a b i l i z e d . Thermal con-
t r o l i s p r o v i d e d by a s e t of t h e r m a l l o u v e r s on t h e d a r k
s i d e of t h e s p a c e c r a f t which r e g u l a t e t h e h e a t l o s s t o
space.
The s p a c e c r a f t s t r u c t u r e i s of modular d e s i g n a l l o w i n g
e a s y i n s t a l l a t i o n o r removal of i t s v a r i o u s a s s e m b l i e s o r
t h e components t h a t i t s u p p o r t s . The primary s t r u c t u r a l
elements a r e :
9 S t r o n g Ring
0 IRA Frame
0 Upper Body S t r u c t u r e
0 Main P l a t f o r m
0 Upper Cone S t r u c t u r e
0 P r o p u l s i o n Bay S t r u c t u r e
e Apoqee Motor Adapter Rins
0 L o w e r Cone S t r u c t u r e
e Upper P l a t f o r m s
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X
SOLAR A R R A Y
\
STRONG RING
IRA FRAME
I N E R T I A L R E F ASSV
$'.;1;;0-
DEPLO
LOWER C O N E STRUCTURE
(PRELIMINARY)
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l .
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Power
Communications
Command Sys t e m
The command s y s t e m c o n s i s t s of a p a i r of r e d u n d a n t
command d e c o d e r s and a command r e l a y u n i t . Ground commands
can b e p r o c e s s e d by e i t h e r d e c o d e r through t h e VHF r e c e i v e r
system. A d d i t i o n a l l y , a l l commands can be i s s u e d by t h e
onboard computer (OBC) and p r o c e s s e d w i t h e i t h e r d e c o d e r .
Command c o n f l i c t o r p r i o r i t y e s t a b l i s h m e n t between ground
g e n e r a t e d o r computer g e n e r a t e d commands w i l l b e a v o i d e d
by u s e of t i m e - s h a r e d c o n t r o l of t h e decoder e x e c u t i o n
logic.
S c i e n t i f i c I n s t r u m e n t Systems
0 R e f l e c t i n g t e l e s c o p e f o r g a t h e r i n g l i g h t from
celestial objects.
0 E c h e l l e s p e c t r o g r a p h f o r forming t h e u l t r a v i o l e t
l i g h t i n t o spectral. d i s p l a y s .
0 T e l e v i s i o n camera d e t e c t o r s f o r t r a n s f o r m i n g t h e
s p e c t r a l displays i n t o video s i g n a l s s u i t a b l e f o r
telemetering.
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T e les coDe
The t e l e s c o p e i s a 45 c m ( 1 7 . 5 i n . ) d i a m e t e r f / 1 5
C a s s e g r a i n d e s i g n , t h e f u n c t i o n o f which i s t o c o l l e c t op-
t i c a l r a d i a t i o n from a s t o n o m i c a l s o u r c e s and p r e s e n t i t t o
t h e s p e c t r o g r a p h s . The t e l e s c o p e w i l l p r o v i d e p o i n t - s o u r c e
i m a g e s o f a b o u t 1 arc-sec o n - a x i s a t i t s f o c a l p l a n e . The
u s e f u l f i e l d of view o f t h e t e l e s c o p e , 1 6 m i n u t e s o f a r c
i n d i a m e t e r , i s used t o i d e n t i f y t h e d e s i r e d t a r g e t
star for fine pointing.
0 Clear a p e r t u r e 45 c m ( 1 7 . 5 i n . ) d i a m e t e r
0 Length 130 c m ( 4 6 i n . )
Spectrographs
L i g h t from t h e t e l e s c o p e may b e d i r e c t e d i n t o e i t h e r
o f two s p e c t r o g r a p h s w h i c h are a b l e t o a n a l y z e u l t r a v i o l e t
r a d i a t i o n w i t h a r e s o l u t i o n a b o u t 0.1A. The s h o r t wave-
l e n g t h spectrograph i s a t h r e e element E c h e l l e system,
c o n t a i n i n g a n o f f - a x i s p a r a b o l o i d as c o l l i m a t o r , a n Echelle
g r a t i n g , and a s p h e r i c a l f i r s t o r d e r g r a t i n g t h a t i s u s e d t o
s e p a r a t e t h e Echelle o r d e r s and t o f o c u s t h e r e s u l t i n g
s p e c t r a l d i s p l a y on t h e t e l e v i s i o n camera. The l o n g wave-
l e n g t h s p e c t o g r a p h i s i d e n t i c a l , e x c e p t t h a t two 45 d e g r e e
f l a t s a r e i n s e r t e d t o s h i f t t h e l i g h t r a y s d i v e r g i n g from
t h e e n t r a n c e a p e r t u r e so t h a t they w i l l n o t i n t e r f e r e w i t h
t h e r a y s f a l l i n g on t h e s h o r t w a v e l e n g t h c o l l i m a t o r . Either
s p e c t r o g r a p h may b e c o n v e r t e d t o a l o w d i s p e r s i o n i n s t r u m e n t
by i n s e r t i n g a f l a t i n f r o n t o f t h e - E c h e l l e g r a t i n g s o t h a t
the o n l y d i s p e r s i o n i s p r o v i d e d by t h e s p h e r i c a l g r a t i n g .
T a r g e t A c q u i s i t i o n and F i n e E r r o r S e n s i n g
Two r e d u n d a n t f i n e e r r o r s e n s o r s , e a c h c a p a b l e of m u l t i -
mode o p e r a t i o n , a c c o m p l i s h t h e d u a l r o l e o f a f i e l d camera,
t a r g e t r e c o g n i t i o n and a c q u i s i t i o n , and o f a n e r r o r s e n s o r
f o r pointing e r r o r generation. The f i e l d camera mode p r o -
v i d e s t h e o b s e r v e r w i t h a n image o f t h e s t a r f i e l d . This
image i s d i s p l a y e d o n t h e g r o u n d i n r e a l t i m e s o t h a t a
g u i d e s t a r and t h e t a r g e t s t a r c a n b e i d e n t i f i e d .
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Thermal
The t h e r m a l s y s t e m i s d e s i g n e d t o m a i n t a i n p r o p e r
t e m p e r a t u r e c o n t r o l of a l l onboard systems i n s u n l i g h t f o r a l l
s o l a r a s p e c t a n g l e s o f from 0' (Sun on a f t e n d o f s p a c e c r a f t )
t o 135O i n t h e X-Z p l a n e , and t o w i t h s t a n d e c l i p s e p e r i o d s
up t o 7 4 m i n u t e s . T o a c h i e v e t h e d e s i r e d t e m p e r a t u r e con-
t r o l t h e t h e r m a l d e s i g n employs a c o m b i n a t i o n o f p a s s i v e
and a c t i v e t h e r m a l c o n t r o l . T h r e e s e t s of t h e r m a l l o u v e r s
l o c a t e d on t h e a n t i - s u n s i d e of t h e m i d d l e p o r t i o n o f t h e
s t r u c t u r e p r o v i d e active thermal c o n t r o l f o r m o s t onboard
subsystems. These l o u v e r s are supplemented w i t h b l a c k
passive radiators. The r e m a i n i n g p o r t i o n s of t h e s p a c e -
c r a f t s u r f a c e s a r e c o v e r e d w i t h a c o m b i n a t i o n of m u l t i -
l a y e r i n s u l a t i o n and s p e c i a l t h e r m a l c o a t i n g s . C i r c u l a r
h e a t p i p e s mounted c o n c e n t r i c a l l y t o t h e b o t t o m o f t h e main
equipment s h e l f w i l l minimize t h e r m a l g r a d i e n t s .
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GROUND SYSTEM
Because t h e I U E s p a c e c r a f t w i l l be i n a synchronous
o r b i t , i t w i l l be i n c o n t i n u o u s c o n t a c t w i t h t h e ground
systems and, t h e r e f o r e , t h e ground system can be d e s i g n e d
t o f u n c t i o n much l i k e a t y p i c a l ground-based o b s e r v a t o r y .
R e s i d e n t a s t r o n o m e r s and o t h e r t r a i n e d p e r s o n n e l w i l l
a s s i s t t h e o b s e r v e r w i t h a l l a s p e c t s of h i s o b s e r v i n g
program. The g u e s t o b s e r v e r w i l l l e a v e t h e f a c i l i t y w i t h
f i r ? a l p r o c e s s e d d a t a i n a form s u i t a b l e f o r d e t a i l e d
i n t e r p r e t a t i o n and a n a l y s i s .
Mission ODerations
O r b i t i n g w i t h a geosynchronous p e r i o d a t a mean
l o n g i t u d e of 7 1 d e g r e e s W . , t h e s p a c e c r a f t w i l l be i n
c o n t i n u o u s c o n t a c t w i t h t h e U . S . ground o b s e r v a t o r y . A
second s i t e - - t h e European ground o b s e r v a t o r y Madrid,
o p e r a t e d by E S A - - w i l l be c a p a b l e of viewing t h e s p a c e c r a f t
f o r e x t e n d e d p e r i o d s o f a t l e a s t 1 0 h o u r s e a c h day. In
a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l agreements, NASA w i l l
conduct o b s e r v a t i o n s f o r 1 6 h o u r s p e r day and t h e
European ground o b s e r v a t o r y w i l l conduct 1 0 h o u r s o f
o b s e r v a t i o n s p e r day o n t h e a v e r a g e . H e a l t h and s a f e t y
of t h e s p a c e c r a f t i s t h e r e s p o n s i b i l i t y of NASA and w i l l
b e monitored from Goddard C e n t e r 2 4 h o u r s p e r day.
Because t h e t o t a l I U E system i s c o n c e i v e d t o
f u n c t i o n a l l y resemble a t y p i c a l ground-based a s t r o n o m i c a l
o b s e r v a t o r y w i t h o p e r a t i o n s conducted i n r e a l t i m e 2 4
h o u r s p e r day, a unique d e d i c a t e d ground system i s a n
i n t e g r a l p a r t o f t h e t o t a l system. The IUE i n c l u d e s b o t h
t h e I U E f l i g h t system and t h e IUE ground system. The I U E
Ground System i s d e f i n e d t o i n c l u d e b o t h a U . S . ground
o b s e r v a t o r y and a European ground o b s e r v a t o r y . The U.S.
qround o b s e r v a t o r y i n c l u d e s :
0 Ground s t a t i o n ( T h i s i s t h e d e d i c a t e d I U E
telemetry/command s t a t i o n a t t h e Goddard C e n t e r
Network T e s t and T r a i n i n g F a c i l i t y . )
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S c i e n t i f i c Operations Center,
S c i e n t i f i c O D e r a t i o n s C e n t e r (SOC)
Here, t h e p l a n n i n g , a d m i n i s t r a t i v e , a n d management
a s p e c t s o f t h e o b s e r v a t o r y w i l l be c o n d u c t e d . S p a c e f o r
r e s i d e n t a s t r o n o m e r s and g u e s t o b s e r v e r s i s p r o v i d e d .
R o u t i n g r e a l t i m e o b s e r v i n g p r o g r a m s w i l l be c o n d u c t e d
from t h e T e l e s c o p e O b s e r v i n g C e n t e r ( T O C ) w i t h i n t h i s
facility. Image p r o c e s s i n s w i l l b e p e r f o r m e d by t h e
Image P r o c e s s i n g C e n t e r ( I P C ) , a l s o w i t h i n t h i s f a c i l i t y ,
by means o f communication l i n e s t o / f r o m t h e Sigma 9
c o m p u t e r l o c a t e d i n t h e OCC.
O p e r a t i o n s C o n t r o l C e n t e r (OCC)
The OCC i s t h e n e r v e c e n t e r o f t h e o b s e r v a t o r y
Both c o m p u t e r s a r e i n s t a l l e d h e r e . E i t h e r c a n p r o c e s s
d a t a , f o r m a t command s e q u e n c e s , and g e n e r a t e r e a l t i m e
d i s p l a y s o f images i n s u p p o r t o f t h e r e a l t i m e o p e r a t i o n s
conducted i n t h e Mission C o n t r o l Room (MCR), a l s o a
p a r t of t h e OCC.
I n t h e MCR, s p a c e c r a f t c o n t r o l l e r s w i l l monitor t h e
s t a t u s of t h e s p a c e c r a f t a n d i t s s u b s y s t e m s , i n i t i a l
c h e c k o u t o f t h e s c i e n t i f i c i n s t r u m e n t a s w e l l as s p e c i a l
o b s e r v i n g p r o g r a m s w i l l be p e r f o r m e d from t h e MCR. The
MCR w i l l "hand o f f " t h e s p a c e c r a f t t o t h e E u r o p e a n Ground
o b s e r v a t o r y , a n d d u r i n g t h e e i g h t - h o u r ESA/SRC p e r i o d of
c o n t r o l and o b s e r v i n g , w i l l m a i n t a i n a m o n i t o r i n g a n d
s t a n d b y c o n t r o l c a p a b i l i t y s h o u l d t h e need a r i s e .
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IUE SPACECRAFT
ETWOR K TEST
1
OPERATIONS CONTROL SCIENTIFIC OPERATIONS
CENTER (OCC) CENTER (SOC)
1 L 1
IUE Observatory.
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O p e r a t i o n s a t t h e European qround o b s e r v a t o r y w i l l be
v e r y s i m i l a r t o t h o s e d e s c r i b e d above. Main d i f f e r e n c e s
s t e m from t h e f a c t t h a t i n t h e ESA case t h e IUE o p e r a t i o n s
are conducted from a s i n g l e b u i l d i n g where t h e OCC and
SOC a r e l o c a t e d s i d e by s i d e . Another i m p o r t a n t d i f f e r e n c e
i s t h a t a s i n g l e Sigma 9 computer is u s e d . For e i g h t h o u r s
a day it w i l l be d e d i c a t e d t o s p a c e c r a f t c o n t r o l w h i l e f o r
t h e remaining t i m e i t w i l l be d e v o t e d t o image p r o c e s s i n g
activities.
G u e s t Observers
The I U E i s a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l f a c i l i t y which i s
open t o b o t h U.S. and f o r e i g n g u e s t o b s e r v e r s . U.S.-based
g u e s t o b s e r v e r s w i l l come t o Goddard C e n t e r and p e r f o r m
t h e i r programs a t t h e I U E S c i e n t i f i c O p e r a t i o n s C e n t e r
which w i l l accommodate s i x t o e i g h t g u e s t o b s e r v e r s a t
one t i m e . It is anticipated that a typical v i s i t w i l l
l a s t a b o u t one week and t h a t each astronomer w i l l have
one o r t w o o b s e r v i n g s e s s i o n s p e r day. A t t h e c o n c l u s i o n of
this v i s i t t h e g u e s t o b s e r v e r w i l l have a l l of h i s d a t a
i n f i n a l reduced form. O b s e r v a t i o n a l d a t a w i l l be made
a v a i l a b l e t o t h e N a t i o n a l Space S c i e n c e Data C e n t e r a t
Goddard a f t e r t h e o b s e r v e r h a s had an a p p r o p r i a t e t i m e
f o r a n a l y s i s and i n t e r p r e t a t i o n . The ESA ground o b s e r v a t o r y
i s s i m i l a r l y an i n t e r n a t i o n a l f a c i l i t y where g u e s t
a s t r o n o m e r s from t h e ESA m e m b e r s t a t e s p l u s o t h e r European
and non-European c o u n t r i e s w i l l conduct t h e i r o b s e r v a t i o n s .
D e l t a 1 3 8 w i t h i t s I U E s p a c e c r a f t payload w i l l be
launched from Pad A , n o r t h e r n m o s t o f t h e t w o l a u n c h pads
a t Complex 1 7 , Cape Canaveral A i r Force S t a t i o n , F l a .
I t w a s moved t o E x p l o s i v e S a f e A r e a 6 0 J a n . 1 2 f o r
f u e l l o a d i n g and apogee b o o s t motor i n s t a l l a t i o n . The
s p a c e c r a f t w a s mated w i t h t h e D e l t a t h i r d s t a g e J a n . 1 8 .
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The t h i r d s t a g e s p a c e c r a f t a s s e m b l y w a s moved t o
Pad A a n d mated w i t h D e l t a 138 J a n . 1 9 . The p a y l o a d
f a i r i n g , t o p r o t e c t t h e s p a c e c r a f t on i t s f l i g h t t h r o u g h
t h e a t m o s p h e r e , w i l l be p u t i n place J a n . 2 4 .
All l a u n c h v e h i c l e a n d p a d o p e r a t i o n s d u r i n g t h e
l a u n c h countdown are c o n d u c t e d f r o m t h e b l o c k h o u s e a t
Complex 1 7 by a j o i n t g o v e r n m e n t - i n d u s t r y t e a m .
F i r s t Stage
T h i r d Staae
The t h i r d s t a g e i s t h e T h i o k o l TE-364-4 s p i n s t a b i l i z e d
s o l i d p r o p e l l a n t Thiokol motor. I t i s secured i n t h e s p i n
t a b l e mounted t o t h e s e c o n d s t a g e . The f i r i n g of t h e e i g h t
s o l i d p r o p e l l a n t rockets f i x e d to t h e s p i n t a b l e accomplishes
s p i n u p of t h e t h i r d s t a g e s p a c e c r a f t a s s e m b l y .
The D e l t a v e h i c l e w i l l i n j e c t IUE i n t o a t r a n s f e r
o r b i t h a v i n g a n a p o g e e o f 46,342 km ( 2 8 , 7 8 4 m i . ) a p e r i g e e
o f 1 6 7 km ( 1 0 4 m i . ) a n d a n i n c l i n a t i o n o f 28.7 d e g r e e s .
NASA's S p a c e f l i g h t T r a c k i n g and Data Network w i l l p r o v i d e
t e l e m e t r y , t r a c k i n g and r a n g i n g s u p p o r t u n t i l t h e s p a c e c r a f t
i s p l a c e d i n i t s f i n a l synchronous o r b i t .
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I U E LAUNCH PROFILE
The f i r s t t w o s t a g e s of t h e D e l t a 2 9 1 4 p l a c e t h e
s p a c e c r a f t i n t o a l o w a l t i t u d e p a r k i n g o r b i t 1 6 7 km
(104 m i . ) near the f i r s t equatorial crossings. Spinup
t o 6 0 rpm, f o l l o w e d by i n j e c t i o n i n t o a t r a n s f e r o r b i t
u s i n g t h e Delta t h i r d s t a g e , o c c u r s a f t e r a p p r o x i m a t e l y
30 m i n u t e s i n p a r k i n g o r b i t .
Aposee B o o s t Motor
A t a p o g e e , t h e motor i s commanded t o i g n i t e by
g r o u n d command f r o m Goddard C e n t e r . A b a c k u p command
s e q u e n c e i s p r o v i d e d by t h e o n b o a r d c o m p u t e r t o p e r f o r m
t h e b u r n sequence i f something s h o u l d happen t o t h e
g r o u n d command l i n k . With a n ABM f i r i n g a t a p o g e e ,
t h e s p a c e c r a f t w i l l be p l a c e d a t t h e d e s i r e d s t a t i o n
p o i n t , a g e o g r a p h i c l o n g i t u d e of t h e a s c e n d i n g n o d e
o f 4 4 d e g r e e s w e s t , a n d t h e o r b i t w i l l be t a r g e t e d
f o r zero d r i f t . I f some d r i f t d o e s o c c u r , t h e h y d r a z i n e
p r o p u l s i o n s y s t e m w i l l be u s e d t o p l a c e t h e s p a c e c r a f t
"on s t a t i o n . 'I
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LAUNCH SEQUENCE FOR I U E
Altitude Velocity
Event Time Miles/Kilometers Mph KmfHr
IUE/DELTA TEAM
NASA Headquarters
Dr. Noel W. Hinners Associate Administrator
for Space Science
Andrew Stofan Deputy Associate Administrator,
Space Science
Goddard Space F l i g h t C e n t e r
Robert N. Lindley D i r e c t o r of P r o j e c t s
G e r a l d W. Longanecker P r o j e c t Manager
I v a n J . Mason P r o j e c t O p e r a t i o n s Director
Kennedy Space C e n t e r
L e e R. Scherer Director
Wayne M c C a l l Chief E n g i n e e r , D e l t a
United Kingdom
M. 0. Robbins D i r e c t o r f o r Astronomy,
Space Radio and S c i e n c e ,
SQC H e a d q u a r t e r s
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CONTRACTORS
Prime Contractors
Major S u b c o n t r a c t o r s
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ESA Contractors
Snias, France Solar Arrays
AEG, Germany Solar Cells
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GLOSSARY
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