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Version introduction:
Versio Date Writer Assessor Translator Amendment records
n
V1.0 2008-12-18 Fei AiPing Zheng Hao None
V1.1 2009-3-20 Jiang Yi Gan Wenjun Feng XiaoYing Adjusted description of
access request.
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Key words:
SDCCH congestion/blocking allocation assignment
Abstract:
Through introducing signaling flow of SD seizure and release, this guidebook analyzes
the reasons of SD congestion and explains procedure for checking SD congestion.
Abbr.:
MOC:Mobile Originating Call
LOC:Location Update
Reference:
<Reasons of SD Congestion & Checking Procedure> - Gao HongWei (GSM System
Dept.)
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except in accordance with applicable agreements.
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Contents
1 SD Seizure Signaling & Relevant Counters......................................................................................1
1.1 SD seizure and release flow..............................................................................................................1
1.2 Definition of SDCCH congestion indicator......................................................................................2
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Figure contents
Fig 1-1 SD Seizure and Release Flow.......................................................................................................1
Fig 4-2 Signaling Showed Large Quantity of LOC under the Cell.........................................................12
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Table contents
Table 1-1 SDCCH Congestion Indicator Definition.................................................................................2
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Fig SD Seizure Signaling & Relevant Counters-1 SD Seizure and Release Flow
As shown in Fig SD Seizure Signaling & Relevant Counters-1, during LOC and the
early stage of MOC and MTC process, MS usually seizes SDCCH to exchange
signaling. The signaling flow is as follows:
After receiving Channel Required message, BSC applies for SD from database,
and the counter for SD seizure attempt times increases by 1;
BSC sends SD activation message to BTS, then the number of SDCCH allocation
attempts increases by 1;
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MS report SABM frame, BTS reports Est Ind message to BSC, and BSC increases
the number of successful SDCCH assignment by 1.
SD congestion means that upon receiving Channel Required message, BSC applies for
SD from database, while BSC has no SD for allocation (all SD resource are blocked or
occupied).
When BSC fails in applying for SD, it sends a message Immediate Assignment Reject
to MS, commanding MS to request for access after a period of time (set on T3122); and
BSC increases the counter for SDCCH congestion by 1. Message flow of Immediate
Assignment Reject can not solve SD overflow problem, but can help relieve and
smoothen it.
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1. Too many Channel Required exceeds network capacity and all SDCCHs are
occupied.
Too-many Channel Required means the cell is busy, while few SDCCH are
configured, which results in frequent occupancy of SDCCH and overflow.
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It rarely happens that all cells under the BTS are congested. If it happens, the causes
are usually related to terrestrial transmission and parameter configuration.
(2) Read performance report, check if channel allocation failure (i.e. channel
activation expires or fails) happens during SD congestion;
Note: Too large LAPD flow will lead to LAPD transmission delay, which causes timer
expiration before channel activation is completed. This kind of timer expiration shall
be differentiated from that caused by transmission fault.
(3) Check radio access measurement, analyze the access reason of Channel Request
which causes SD congestion, count the number of Channel Request attempts and
success times due to different reasons, and compare indicators with those in normal
period..
Generally, the number of LOC attempts takes 35% of the total Channel Request times
The percentage may increases to 70%, if the site is located at LAC boundary.
Number of MOC Channel Request and that of MTC Channel Request are almost equal,
which are related to local subscribers’ call conditions;
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A. If there are a big number of attempts due to other reasons, and all end in failure,
the cause can be confirmed to be interference.
B. When the number of MOC attempts is big, and even exceeds the number of
LOC, the reasons could be:
Interference exists.
Note: For BSCV2 system, basic measurement includes the number of attempts/success
of MOC, MTC, LOC and other accesses. For iBSC system, there is a special radio
access measurement, which needs to establish measurement task. In CS basic
measurement, number of MOC/MTC attempts and number of MOC/MTC success are
included, through which we can calculate the number of attempts/success of LOC
access.
(4) Make enquiries and find out if there are newly-setup sites, adjustments on
LAC/HLR;
(5) Check the performance report of the week when the problem appears, analyze if
SD congestion exists for a long time during busy hours.
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If SD congestion is a long standing issue, and there’s no big fluctuation in the number
of MOC, MTC, LOC attempt and success times, this means the cell is busy and its
traffic volume is high, and expansion is needed.
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The signaling flow shows that BTS didn’t respond to the Channel Activation sent by
BSC.
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From analysis of radio access measurement, it’s discovered that the SD congestion was
caused by large quantity of LOC.
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Table Typical Cases of SD Congestion-5 Case II- SD Congestion due to Large Quantity of LOC
When checking the site map, engineers found the site was located between two location
areas (LAC), the cell belonged to LAC09523. A road, 1.5km from the site, was under
the coverage of LAC09533.
Through signaling tracing, we could see the large quantity of LOC under the cell was
from LAC09533 to LAC09523.
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Fig Typical Cases of SD Congestion-3 Signaling Showed Large Quantity of LOC under the Cell
After DT on site, it’s discovered that the road should be covered by LAC09533, but the
congested cell signal was very strong there, which means it stretched its coverage to
the road, and resulted in frequent LOC on the road and SD congestion.
Normal condition didn’t return even after reset of CMM and TRM;
Congestion phenomenon appeared again after frequency and BCC were changed
back;
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All abnormal Channel Request appeared once every four frames; all RA was 01; TA
diminished from 63 to 0, then restarted from 63 after 815 frames; level value remained
63.
Normal condition didn’t return even after the reset of CMM and TRM, which means
the problem was irrelevant to BTS hardware and software;
The problem disappeared after adjustment of frequency and BCC, but reoccurred when
the frequency was changed back, this means the problem involved in frequency;
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There was army garrisoning in the area, the interference signal was probably sent from
the army.
Performance report showed there was a large number of LOC Request during
congestion.
The measurement data of LOC at MSC showed that at 0:30am on Nov.20 th, the number
of inter-MSC LOC attempts jumped from 2000 to over 20000, and it returned to
normal after half an hour;
At 0:00am and 0:30am on Nov. 21 st, the number of inter-MSC LOC attempts jumped
from 3000 to over 17000 twice.
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Table Typical Cases of SD Congestion-7 Case IV- Dramatic Increase in LOC Number
At 1:00am on Nov. 22nd, the number of inter-MSC LOC attempts jumped from 6000 to
over 16000, and it returned to normal on the early morning of 23rd and 24th.
On the early morning of 25th, the number of LOC attempts was 15000.
These LOC attempts matched closely with the time point of SD congestion and the
cause of SD occupancy.
There was no obvious change on the number of inter-MSC LOC attempts during SD
congestion.
On-site engineers reported that Nokia was cutting over Nortel HLR when SD
congestion occurred. Therefore, we concluded that the cutover of HLR caused MS to
make large quantity of inter-MSC LOC at midnight, resulting in SD congestion. If it’s
BSS fault, then not only the number of inter-MSC LOC, but that of intra-MSC LOC
will be affected.
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Checked performance data of radio access, discovered that the cause of large quantity
of radio access was MS sending short message:
For example, at 10:30, in cell3 the number of MOC Access Request reached 9959
within 15 minutes, while the number of successful access was 1070, and 1045 of the
1070 times were short message requests.
Table Typical Cases of SD Congestion-8 Case V-Large Quantity of MOC due to MS Short Message
By observing other daily data of the BTS, engineers found the traffic volume was not
high.
It’s concluded that the problem was caused by heavy transmission load. Mass-sending
device of short message caused heavy transmission load, which led to LAPD delay, and
then led to SD allocation overtime, wasted SD resource, and finally resulted in SD
congestion.
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except in accordance with applicable agreements. 16