What is bio diesel?

Biodiesel refers to a non-petroleum-based

diesel fuel consisting of short chain alkyl
(methyl or ethyl) esters, made by trans
esterification of vegetable oil or animal fat
(tallow), which can be used (alone, or
blended with conventional petrol diesel) in
unmodified diesel-engine vehicles.
Biodiesel is distinguished from the
straight-vegetable oil (SVO) (sometimes
referred to as “waste vegetable oil” “WVO”
“used vegetable oil” “UVO” “pure plant oil”,
“PPO”) used(alone, or blended) as fuels in
some converted diesel vehicles.
‘’Biodiesel” is standardized as mono-alkyl
ester and other kinds of diesel-grade fuels
of biological origin are not included.
 Uses
 Biodiesel fuel is a renewable
energy source that can be made from
soy beans grown for fuel, or from
cooking oils recycled from restaurants.
This means it is a renewable resource
unlike petroleum-based diesel
 . There is an excess production of
soybeans in the United States;
therefore biodiesel is an economic way
to utilize this surplus.
 Biodiesel is less polluting than
petroleum diesel. Compared to
petroleum diesel, biodiesel produces
less soot (particulate matter), carbon
monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons ,
and sulphur dioxide.
 The absence of sulphur in 100%
biodiesel should extend the life of
catalytic converters.
 Biodiesel fuel can also be used in
combination with heating oil to heat
residential and industrial buildings.
 This can reduce dependence on
non-renewable and increasingly
expensive heating oil.
 Biodiesel burns cleaner & is made
of non-toxic chemicals so it does not
give out poisonous fumes, unlike the
ordinary fuel.
 Procedure
1.Measure 100 cm3 of vegetable oil into
the 250 cm3 flask. Weigh the flask before
and after to determine the mass of oil you
used.
2. Carefully add 15 cm3 of methanol.
3. Slowly add 1 cm3 of 50% potassium
hydroxide.
4. Stir or swirl the mixture for 10 minutes.
5. Allow the mixture to stand until it
separates into two layers.
6. Carefully remove the top layer (this is
impure biodiesel) using a teat pipette .
7. Wash the product by shaking it with 10
cm3 of distilled or deionised water .
8. Allow the mixture to stand until it
separates into two layers.
9. Carefully remove the top layer of
biodiesel using a teat pipette.
10. Weigh the amount of biodiesel you
have collected and compare it to the
amount of vegetable oil you started with.
 Advantages
 Biodiesel burns up to 75% cleaner
than petroleum diesel fuel.
 Biodiesel reduces unburned
hydrocarbons (93% less), carbon
monoxide (50% less) & particulate
matter (30% less) in exhaust fumes, as
well as cancer-causing PAH ( 80%
less ).
 Sulphur dioxide emissions are
eliminated (biodiesel contains no
Sulphur).
 Biodiesel is a plant-based & using it
adds no extra CO 2 greenhouse gas to
the atmosphere .
 The ozone-forming (smog) potential of
biodiesel emissions is nearly 50% less
than petrol-diesel emissions.
 Nitrogen oxide emissions may
increase or decrease with biodiesel but
 can be reduced to well below petrol-
diesel fuel levels.
 Biodiesel exhaust is not offensive &
doesn’t cause eye irritation.
 Biodiesel can be mixed with petrol-
diesel in any proportion, with no need
for a mixing additive.
 With slight variations depending on the
vehicle, performance & fuel economy
with biodiesel is the same as with
petrol-diesel.
 Index

S.No TOPIC PG.NO

1 What is Biodiesel?
2 Theory
3 Aim
4 Procedure
5 Uses
6 Advantages
7 Disadvantages
8 Conclusion
9 Bibliography
 Theory
Biodiesel refers to a vegetable oil- or
animal fat-based diesel fuel consisting of
long-chain alkyl (methyl, ethyl,
or propyl) esters. Biodiesel is typically
made by chemically reacting lipids (e.g.,
vegetable oil, soybean oil, animal fat
(tallow) with an alcohol producing fatty
acid esters.
Biodiesel is meant to be used in standard
diesel engines and is thus distinct from
the vegetable and waste oils used to
fuel converted diesel engines. Biodiesel
can be used alone, or blended with
petrodiesel in any proportions. Biodiesel
blends can also be used as heating oil.
 Disadvantages
 Biodiesel is currently about one and a
half times more expensive than
petroleum diesel fuel. Part of this cost
is because the most common source
of oil is the soybean, which only is only
20% oil. However, the costs of
biodiesel can be reduced by making
biodiesel from recycled cooking oils
rather than from new soy beans, or by
making it from plant matter with higher
oil content.
 It takes energy to produce biodiesel
fuel from soy crops, including the
energy of sowing, fertilizing and
harvesting.
 Biodiesel fuel can damage rubber
hoses in some engines, particularly in
cars built before 1994. You should
check with the manufacturer before
 using biodiesel to see if you need to
replace any hoses or rubber seals.
 Biodiesel cleans the dirt from the
engine. This dirt then collects in the
fuel filter, which can clog it. Clogging
occurs most often when biodiesel is
first used after a period of operation
with petroleum diesel, so filters should
be changed after the first several
hours of biodiesel use.
 CONCLUSION
Biodiesel is a form of diesel fuel
manufactured from vegetable oils, animal
fats, or recycled restaurant greases. It is
safe, biodegradable, and produces less
air pollutants than petroleum-based
diesel. Domestically produced from non-
petroleum, renewable resources, Can be
used in most diesel engines, especially
newer ones, Less air pollutants (other
than nitrogen oxides), Less greenhouse
gas emissions (e.g., B20 reduces CO
2 by 15%), Biodegradable, Non-toxic,
Safer to handle. Lower fuel economy and
power (10% lower for B100, 2% for B20)
currently more expensive.
Aim:
To prepare a sample of biodiesel.

Objective:
The goal of this project is make an
environment friendly , less pollutive and
eco-friendly fuel which would not degrade
resources yet help in meeting the
demands of the increasing number of
vehicles on road as well as on water and
in air.
Reliance Foundation School,
Koperkhairane

Chemistry project

BIODIESEL
Submitted by:
Vaibhav Gala
XI A
 Certificate
This is to certify that Vaibhav Gala of Class XI
A has successfully completed his chemistry
project on the topic BIODIESEL under the
guidance of Ms Pooja Aroon for the academic
year 2018-19
 Acknowledgment
I would like to express my special thanks of
gratitude to my chemistry teacher Mrs. Pooja
Aroon for her guidance and constant support
in helping me complete my project
successfully.
I would also like to extend my gratitude to my
family and my friends for helping me
complete this project under given time frame.

Date : 9 February 2019