TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

EXPIREMENT NO. 11
HEAT AND VOLUME EFFECTS IN SOLUTIONS

SECTION: ES11FC1 DOP: SEPTEMBER 20, 2011

DOS: SEPTEMBER 27, 2011
MEMBERS TASK TIME LAB SIGNATURE
PERFORMED IN OUT GOWN
Abancio, Jhomar Observer/Clean 4:30 7:30 Y
the Area
Dela Cruz, Joey Albert Performed the 4:30 7:30 Y
experiment
Domendiano, Vigon Observer/Clean 4:30 7:30 Y
the Area
Garcia, Marichu Observer 4:30 7:30 Y

Nagan, Louela Performed the 4:30 7:30 Y

experiment
Peñaflor, Nathaniel Observer 4:30 7:30 Y

Reylan, Jean Harlan Observer/Clean 4:30 7:30 Y

the Area
Rutor, Fortunato III Encode the 4:30 7:30 Y
Report
Velarde, Michael John Observer 4:30 7:30 Y

Veraque, Albert Observer/Clean 4:30 7:30 Y

the Area

Engr. Renato G. Agustin

1. OBJECTIVES:
 Distinguish exothermic from endothermic solutions; and
 Familiarize with volume effects in solutions.

2. THEORY:
Liquids are either completely miscible, partially miscible, or immiscible with each other.
Those which are miscible, dissolve in each other exothermally, endothermally, or ethermally, and
accompanied by volume changes. Such temperature and volume changes are related to the type
and magnitudes of the solution’s intramolecular forces, which in turn depend upon the
molecular structures of the solute and solvent particles.

3. APPARATUS AND MATERIALS:

1 – Graduated cylinder, 25 ml
6 – Cork stopper
6 – Test tube, 16 x 150 mm
1 – Thermometer
Acetone, CH3COCH3 – 15 ml
Ethanol, C2H5OH – 15 ml
Methanol, CH3OH – 15 ml
Distilled water – 15 ml

4. PROCEDURE:

4.1. Determine and record the initial temperatue of acetone, ethanol, methanol, and distilled
water.

4.2. Place 5 ml of acetone in a test tube, add 5 ml distilled water and mix thoroughly and label
the mixture.

4.3. Determine the temperature and volume of the resulting mixture.

4.4. Repeat steps 4.2 and 4.3 this time mixing the following combination of liquids in seperate
test tubes acetone and ethanol, acetone and methanol, ethanol and water, ethanol and
methanol, and methanol and water.
 Fig.1. The Solutions

5. DATA AND RESULTS:

Volume/Temperature of Components Before Volume/Temperature of

Mixing Solution After Mixing
Component 1 Component 2 VOLUME TEMPERATURE
VOLUME TEMPERATURE VOLUME TEMPERATURE
ACETONE WATER
5 ml 30oC 5 ml 30oC 9 ml 32oC
ACETONE ETHANOL
5 ml 30oC 5 ml 30oC 10 ml 28oC
ACETONE METHANOL
5 ml 30oC 5 ml 30oC 10 ml 29oC
ETHANOL WATER
5 ml o
30 C 5 ml 30oC 9 ml 35oC
ETHANOL METHANOL
5 ml 30oC 5 ml 30oC 10 ml 31oC
METHANOL WATER
5 ml o
30 C 5 ml 30oC 9 ml 37oC
Table 1.: Shows the results from the experiment

6. OBSERVATION AND INTERPRETATIONS:

 As what we got on the Table 1, the results vary on what we mixed together. Some
solutions form a most volatile solution while the other solutions wont. On the initial gathering of
the temperature and volume all of the liquids got the same results. But after mixing the
solutions the volume and temperature changes, for example the combination of the acetone and
water the amount of volume added together and due to volatibility state of the acetone some of
its evaporate and the liquid is now 9ml and the gathered temperature is now 32 oC this results
informed us that the changes took an exothermic process; for acetone and ethanol: 10ml for the
volume – nothing happens and just added from the initial gathering, for the temperature 28 oC
which this mixed up form an endothermic solutions; acetone and methanol: the volume is 10ml
– just added the initial gathering of data, for the temperature 29 oC – an endothermic solutions.
For the solutions of ethanol and water, ethanol and methanol, and methanol and water: the
temperature is 35oC, 31oC, and 37oC respectively - an exothermic solutions while the volume just
added fromt the initial gathering for the solutions of ethanol and methanol but for the ethanol
and water, and methanol and water the results is 9ml which means the volume change due to
the volatibilty state of the solutions.

7. CONCLUSION:
In relation with the experiment’s objectives: Distinguish exothermic from endothermic
solutions; and familiarize with volume effects in solutions. With this experiment the group seen
the diffrence of the exothermic from endothermic solutions and the impact of the volume of the
solutions.
When two substances mix to form a solution, heat is either evolved (an exothermic
process) or absorbed (an endothermic process); only in the special case of an ideal solution do
substances mix without any heat effect. most simple molecules mix with a small endothermic
heat of solution, while exothermic heats of solution are observed when the components interact
strongly with one another. An endothermic ("within-heating") describes a process or reaction in
which the system absorbs energy from the surroundings in the form of heat. While the term
exothermic ("outside heating") describes a process or reaction that releases energy from the
system, usually in the form of heat, but also in the form of light (e.g. a spark, flame, or
explosion), electricity (e.g. a battery), or sound (e.g. burning hydrogen).
The property of liquids to mix in all proportions, forming a homogeneous solution is
called miscibility. In this experiment all of the solutions are miscible since they mix in all
proportions. The effect of the volume increases the chance of the solutions to react with each
other to form either an endothermic or exothermic solutions.

8. EXERCISE:
What are the implications of volume change on mixing and heating of solution in the
preparation of solutions?
Answer:
The property of the liquid to be an endothermic or exothermic (temperature) will
depend on the volume. some volume changes cause of the volability state of a liquid, on this
experiment we're referring to Acetone, Ethanol, and Methanol. While for the distilled water, the
density of pure water is a constant at a particular temperature, and does not depend on the size
of the sample. That is, it is an intensive property. The density of water varies with temperature
and impurities.