Plant cells are eukaryotic cells present in green plants, photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae

“Plant cells are eukaryotic cells with a true nucleus along with specialized structures called organelles that carry out
certain specific functions.”
Plant cells are the basic unit of life in organisms of the kingdom Plantae. They are eukaryotic cells, which have a true
nucleus along with specialized structures called organelles that carry out different functions. Plant cells have special
organelles called chloroplasts which create sugars via photosynthesis.
Plant Cell Types
There are five types of plant cells, each with different functions:
 Parenchyma cells are the majority of cells in a plant. They are found in leaves and carry out photosynthesis and
cellular respiration, along with other metabolic processes. They also store substances like starches and proteins
and have a role in plant wound repair.
 Collenchyma cells provide support to growing parts of a plant. They are elongated, have thick cell walls, and can
grow and change shape as a plant grows.
 Sclerenchyma cells are hard cells that are the main supporting cells in the areas of a plant that have ceased
growing. Sclerenchyma cells are dead and have very thick cell walls.
 Xylem cells transport mostly water and a few nutrients throughout a plant, from the roots to the stem and leaves.
 Phloem cells transport nutrients made during photosynthesis to all parts of a plant. They transport sap, which is a
watery solution high in sugars.

Cell Wall
It is a rigid layer which is composed of cellulose, glycoproteins, lignin, pectin, and hemicellulose. It is located outside the
cell membrane. It comprises proteins, polysaccharides, and cellulose.
Cell membrane
It is the semi-permeable membrane that is present within the cell wall. It is composed of a thin layer of protein and fat.
Nucleus
The nucleus is a membrane-bound structure that is present only in eukaryotic cells
Plastids
They are membrane-bound organelles that have their own DNA.
Leucoplasts
They are found in non-photosynthetic tissues of plants.
Chloroplasts
It is an elongated organelle enclosed by phospholipid membrane. The shape of the chloroplast is disk-shaped and the
stroma is the fluid within the chloroplast that comprises a circular DNA. Each chloroplast contains a green coloured
pigment called chlorophyll required for the process of photosynthesis. The chlorophyll absorbs light energy from the sun
and uses it to transform carbon dioxide and water into glucose.
Chromoplasts
They are heterogeneous, coloured plastids organelle
Central Vacuole
It occupies around thirty per cent of the cell’s volume in a mature plant cell. Tonoplast is a membrane that surrounds
central vacuole
Golgi Apparatus
They are found in all eukaryotic cells
Ribosomes
They are the smallest membrane-bound organelle which comprises RNA and protein. They are the sites for protein
synthesis, hence they are also referred to as the protein factories of the cell.
Mitochondria
They are the double-membraned organelles found in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells.
Lysosome
Lysosomes are called as suicidal bags as they hold digestive enzymes in an enclosed membrane

All animals, including you and I, are made of the same basic building block called the animal cell. Animal cells are generally
smaller than plant cells and lack a cell wall and chloroplasts; these are organelles pertinent to plant cells