SUBSTITUTION SUGGESTED BY THE EQUATION

ANZ
Summary
① 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 𝑣𝑣 = 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑒 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟ℎ𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
① 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑.

② 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 𝑣𝑣 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑒 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒.

③ 𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑒 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖

④ 𝐶𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑥𝑥 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑦𝑦

Examples Explanations
Example 1:
Solve the equation
(𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 − 1)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + 3(𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 0.

Solution:
(𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 − 1)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + 3(𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 0 Firstly, the obvious common term
𝑣𝑣 = 𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 ⇒ 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + 2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 was found by comparing the equation
with dx with the equation with dy.
𝑣𝑣 = 𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 ⇒ 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 − 2𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
Then, it was equated with v and the
(𝑣𝑣 − 1)(𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 − 2𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑) + 3𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣 = 0 differentiation of v was found, which
𝑣𝑣 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 − 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 − 2𝑣𝑣 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + 2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + 3𝑣𝑣 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 0 were then substituted into the original
(𝑣𝑣 − 1)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + (𝑣𝑣 + 2)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 0 equation.
(𝑣𝑣 − 1)
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 0 The appropriate method, which is
(𝑣𝑣 + 2)
3 separation of variables was used and
�1 − � 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 0 it was solved.
(𝑣𝑣 + 2)
3
� �1 − � 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + � 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 0
(𝑣𝑣 + 2)
𝑣𝑣 − 3 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙|𝑣𝑣 + 2| + 𝑦𝑦 + 𝑐𝑐 = 0
(𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦) − 3 ln|𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 + 2| + 𝑦𝑦 + 𝑐𝑐 = 0
𝑥𝑥 + 3𝑦𝑦 + 𝑐𝑐 = 3 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙|𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 + 2|
Example 2:
Solve the equation
(1 + 3𝑥𝑥 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑦𝑦)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + 𝑥𝑥 2 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑦𝑦 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 0.

Solution:
(1 + 3𝑥𝑥 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑦𝑦)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + 𝑥𝑥 2 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑦𝑦 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 0
𝑣𝑣 = 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑦𝑦 ⇒ 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑦𝑦 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 Firstly, the differentiation relationship
(1 + 3𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + 𝑥𝑥 2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 0 was found by comparing the equation
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 1 + 3𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 with dx with the equation with dy.
+ =0 Then, it was equated with v and the
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑥𝑥 2
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 3 1 differentiation of v was found, which
+ 𝑣𝑣 = − 2 were then substituted into the original
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥
3 equation.
𝜇𝜇(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑒𝑒 ∫�𝑥𝑥� 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝑒𝑒 3 ln 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑥𝑥 3
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 3 1 The appropriate method, which is
𝑥𝑥 3 � + 𝑣𝑣� = 𝑥𝑥 3 �− 2 � integrating factor was used and it
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥
𝑑𝑑 was solved.
(𝑣𝑣𝑥𝑥 3 ) = −𝑥𝑥
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
3
𝑥𝑥 2
𝑣𝑣𝑥𝑥 = � −𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = − + 𝑐𝑐
2
2
𝑥𝑥
(𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑦𝑦)𝑥𝑥 3 = − + 𝑐𝑐
2
1 𝑐𝑐
(𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑦𝑦) = − + 2
2𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥