Gordon College Personnel  Sec. 2.
It is the policy of the State to maintain a standing
 Prof. Arlida Pame- College President
 Dr. Imelda DP. Soriano-College Administrator
 Dr. Darwin Paguio-Vice President for Academic Affairs
 Mr. Carlmaulen Cura- NSTP Coordinator
 Mr. Hubertsdalew Magrata-NSTP Instructor
 Mr. Joseph Atencio- NSTP Instructor
 Ms. Jerica Baccay- NSTP Instructor
 Mr. Kevin De Vera-NSTP Instructor
 Ms. Charisa Provido-NSTP Instructor
 Ms. Precious De Castro-NSTP Instructor
LEGAL BASIS OF N.S.T.P Program
1. Commonwealth Act No.1 or National Defense Policy
 Sec. 2a. The preservation of the State is the obligation of
every citizen.
 The security of the Philippines and the freedom,
independence, and perpetual neutrality of the Philippine
Republic shall be guaranteed by the employment of all
citizens, without distinction of age or sex, and all
resources.
2. 1987 Constitution
 Art II. Sec.4. The prime duty of the Government is to serve
and protect the people. The Government may call upon
the people to defend the State and, in the fulfillment
thereof, all citizens may be required, under conditions
provided by law, to render personal military or civil
service.
3.Republic Act 7077
force or regular military force in times of peace
consonant to its adequate and actual needs for the
security of the State but which can be rapidly expanded
by the well-disciplined Citizen Armed Force in the event
of war, invasion or rebellion.
4. Implementing Rules and Regulation of RA 9163
 Sec.2. Recognizing the youth’s vital role in nation
building, the State shall promote civic consciousness
among the youth and shall develop their physical, moral,
spiritual, intellectual and social well-being. It shall
inculcate in the youth patriotism, nationalism, and
advance their involvement in public and civic affairs. In
pursuit, of these goals, the youth, the most valuable
resource of the nation, shall be motivated, trained,
organized and mobilized in military training, literacy,
civic welfare and other similar endeavors in the service
of the nation.
National Service Training Program (NSTP)
 is defined under R.A. 9163,(Sec.3) as a program aimed at
enhancing civic consciousness and defense
preparedness in the youth by developing the ethics of
service and patriotism while undergoing training in any of
its three program components.
Three components of NSTP
1.) Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS) – Health, social
intervention, education, environment, livelihood, safety.
2.) Literacy Training Service (LTS) – Teaching reading, writing,
literacy.
3.) Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC)
 CWTS and LTS deal with civic enhancement while ROTC focuses
on defense or military preparedness.
Distinctive Features of CWTS, LTS and ROTC (R.A. 9163
Sec.3)
1. ROTC refers to the program component institutionalized
under Sec. 38 and 39 of RA 7077, designed to provide
military training to tertiary level students in order to
motivate, train, organize, and mobilize them for national
defense preparedness;
2. LTS is the program component designed to train students
to teach literacy and numeracy skills to school children,
out of school youths, and other segments of the society in
need of their services; and,
3. CWTS pertains to the program component or activities
contributory to the general welfare and the betterment of
life for the members of the community or the
enhancement of its facilities, especially those devoted to
improving health, education, environment,
entrepreneurship, safety, recreation, and moral of the
citizenry and other social welfare services.
Who are required to take the NSTP?
 Every first year student effective School Year 2002-2003.
 Male or Female
 Enrolled in any baccalaureate degree
 In at least two years Technical-Vocational or associate
course
(RA 9163, Rule 3, Sec.4a)
I. Rule 6, Sec.6a and 6b of RA 9163
Every Students shall take NSTP for an academic period of
two semesters which consist of 3 units per semester with a
minimum of 54 hours and maximum of 90 training hours per
semester. It can also be taken for one summer program in
lieu of the two semesters if the institution allows it.
II. Rule 6, Sec.12 of RA 9163
 Every student will be given a certificate of completion
with corresponding serial number issued by CHED,
TESDA, and DND
 All graduates of the CWTS and LTS components of the
NSTP shall belong to the National Service Reserve
Corps (NSRC) and could be tapped by the state for
literacy and civic welfare activities especially in times
of calamities
III. RA 7077 Rule 5, Sec. 11a and 11c of the NSTP Law
 Those graduates of ROTC shall form part of the Citizen
Armed Forces.
Concept of constitution
CONSTITUTION
 Defined as that written instrument by which the
fundamental powers of the government are
established, limited, and defined and by which these
powers are distributed among the several
departments or branches for their safe and useful
exercise for the benefit of the people.
3 Branches of the Government
1.) Legislative – Law makers (Senate of the Philippines or the 24
Senators, House of representatives like congressman)
2.) Executive – Implementation of Law/rules (President, V-
President, Cabinet Department like DepEd and CHED)
3.) Judiciary – Interpret the law/rules (Judge, Municipal Trial
Court, Regional Trial Court, Supreme Trial Court)
 Nature and Purpose or Function of Constitution
 Serves as the Supreme or Fundamental Law.- is the
charter creating the government. It has the status of
a supreme or fundamental law as it is speaks for the
entire people from whom it derives its claim to
obedience.
 Establishes basic framework and underlying principles
of government- It is primarily designed to preserve
and protect the rights of individuals against the
arbitrary actions of those in authority. Its function is not
to legislate in detail but to set limits on the otherwise
unlimited power of the legislature.
Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines
1.) The 1935 Constitution
2.) The 1973 Constitution
3.) The 1987 Constitution
PREAMBLE
 The term preamble is derived from the latin
“PREAMBULARE’’ which means “TO WALK BEFORE.’’ it the
introduction to the main subject. It is the prologue of the
constitution.
Belief in God stressed.
 Our preamble is in the form of a collective prayer. The
Filipinos are intensely religious people. In imploring the aid
of Almighty God.
 The Philippines is the only predominantly Christian and
partly Muslim nation in Asia and East Pacific Region.
National purposes and aims in adopting the Constitution.
As set forth in the Preamble, they are:
(1.) To build a just and humane society; and
(2.) To establish the Government that shall
(a.) embody our ideals and aspirations;
(b.) promote the common good;
(c.) conserve and develop our patrimony; and
(d.) secure to ourselves and our prosperity the blessing of
independence and democracy under the rule of law
and regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and
peace.
Changes in the Preamble
1.) The Preamble, Consisting of 75 words is one of the world’s
longest preambles. It has 15 words more than that of the
1973 Constitution.
2.) The phrase Almighty God replaced “Divine Providence” in
the 1935 and 1973 Constitution which was considered vague
and impersonal. The latter term was used in the 1973
constitution as a compromise to accommodate some
atheist in the 1971 Constitutional Convention.
3.) Other amendments are the insertion of the following phrases
and words:
(a) to build a just and humane society.
(b) the rule of law
(c) aspirations
(d) truth
(e) love
Article Three
BILL OF RIGHTS
 Defined as a declaration and enumeration of a person’s
rights and privileges which the Constitution is designed to
protect against violations by the government, or by an
individual or groups of individuals. It is a charter of
liberties for the individual and a limitation upon the
power of the State.
 Classes of Rights SECTION 1
1. NATURAL RIGHTS  No person shall deprived of life, liberty, or property
without due process of law, nor shall any person be
rights possessed by every citizen without being granted by the denied the equal protection of the laws.
State for they are given to man by God.
DUE PROCESS – legal process
2. CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS
SECTION 2
rights which are conferred and protected by the Constitution. It
cannot be modified or taken away by the law-making body.  The right of the people to be secure in their persons,
houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable
3. STATUTORY RIGHTS
searches and seizures of whatever nature and for any
rights which are provided by laws promulgated by the law- purpose shall be inviolable, and no search warrant or
making body and, consequently, may be abolished by the warrant arrest shall issue except upon probable cause to
body. be determined personally by the judge after
4. POLITICAL RIGHTS examination under oath or affirmation of the
complainant and the witnesses he may produce, and
rights of the citizens which give them the power to participate, particularly describing the place to be searched and the
directly or indirectly, in the establishment or administration of the
persons or things to be seized.
government.
1. PROBABLE CAUSE
5. CIVIL RIGHTS  is meant such facts and circumstances antecedent to
the issuance of a warrant sufficient in themselves to
rights which the law will enforce at the instance of private
induce a cautious man to rely upon them and act in
individuals for the purpose of securing to them the enjoyment of
their means of happiness. pursuance thereof.
2. SEARCH WARRANT
6. SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC RIGHTS  is an order in writing, issued in the name of the People of
rights which are intended to insure the well-being and the Philippines, signed by a judge and directed to a
economic security of the individual. peace officer, commanding him to search for certain
personal property and bring it before the court.
7. RIGHTS OF THE ACCUSED
3. WARRANT OF ARREST
rights intended for the protection of a person accused of any  is an order in writing, issued in the name of the People of
crime. the Philippines, signed by a judge and directed to a
peace officer, commanding him to arrest a person
designated to take him into custody in order that he may
be bound to answer for the commission of an offense.
 When Search and Seizure may be made without warrant
1. Where there is consent or waiver
2. Where search is an incident to lawful arrest
3. In case of contraband or forfeited goods being transported
by ship, automobile, or other vehicle, where the officer
making it has reasonable cause for believing that the latter
contains them, in view of the difficulty attendant to securing
a search warrant
4. Where, without a search, the possession of articles prohibited
by law is disclosed to plain view or is open to eye and hand
5. Exercise of police power such as inspection
6. Routinary searches usually made at the border or at ports of
entry in the interest of national security and for the proper
enforcement of customs and immigration laws.
When arrest may be made without warrant
SECTION 3
 The privacy of communication and correspondence shall
be inviolable except upon lawful order of the court, or
when public safety or order requires otherwise as
prescribed by law.
 Any evidence obtained in violation of this or the
preceding section shall be inadmissible for any purpose
in any proceeding.
Right of privacy
 Defined as the right to be left alone. It has also been
defined as the right of a person to be free from undesired
publicity, or disclosure and as the right to live without
unwarranted interference by the public in matters with
which the public is not necessarily concerned.
Limitations on right
 Upon lawful order of the court
 When public safety or order requires otherwise as
prescribed by law
SECTION 4
 No law shall be passed abridging the freedom of
speech, of expression, or of the press, or the right of the
people peaceably to assemble and petition the
government for redress of grievances.
Freedom of Speech and expression, and of the press
 implies the right to freely utter and publish whatever one
pleases without previous restraint, and to be protected
against any responsibility for so doing as long as it does
not violate the law, or injure someone’s character,
reputation or business.
Importance of the guarantee
 Promotes growth of the individual and the nation.
 Makes possible, scrutiny of acts and conduct of public
officials.
 Insures a responsive and popular government.
Right of Assembly
 means the right on the part of the citizens to meet
peaceably for consultation in respect to public affairs.
Right of Petition
 means the right of any person or group of persons to
apply, without fear of penalty, to the appropriate branch
or office of the government for redress of grievances.
SECTION 5
 No law shall be made respecting an establishment of
religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. The free
exercise and enjoyment of religious profession and
worship, without discrimination or preference, shall
forever be allowed. No religious test shall be required for
the exercise of civil or political rights.
Religious Freedom
 is the right of a man to worship God, and to entertain
such religious views as appeal to his individual
conscience, without dictation or interference by any
person or power, civil or ecclesiastical.
Religion
 includes all forms of belief in the existence of superior
beings exercising power over human beings and
imposing rules of conduct with future state of rewards or
punishments.
SECTION 6
 The liberty of abode and of changing the same within
the limits prescribed by law shall not be impaired except
upon lawful order of the court. Neither shall the right to
travel be impaired except in the interest of national
security, public safety, or public health, as may be
provided by law.
Liberty of abode and travel
 is the right of a person to have his home in whatever
place chosen by him and thereafter to change it at will,
and to go where he pleases, without interference from
any source.
SECTION 7
 The right of the people to information on matters of
public concern shall be recognized. Access to official
records, documents, and papers pertaining to official
acts, transactions, or decisions, as well as to government
research data used as basis for policy development, shall
be afforded the citizen, subject to such limitations as may
be provided by law.
Scope of the right
 The right embraces all public records;
 It is limited to citizens only but is without prejudice to the
right of aliens to have access to records of cases where
they are litigants; and
 Its exercise is subject to such limitations as may be
provided by law.
SECTION 8
 The right of the people, including those employed in the
public and private sectors, to form unions, associations,
or societies for purposes not contrary to law shall not be
abridged.
Right to form associations
 is the freedom to organize or to be a member of any
group or association, union, or society, and to adopt the
rules which the members judge most appropriate to
achieve their purpose.
SECTION 9
 Private property shall not be taken for public use without
just compensation
(3 Great Powers of the Government)
1. Power of eminent domain
2. Police power
3. Power of taxation.
(EMINENT DOMAIN)
 is the right or power of the State or of those to whom the
power has been lawfully delegated to take (or
expropriate) private property for public use upon paying
to the owner a just compensation to be ascertained
according to law.
Conditions for or limitations upon its exercise
 1. Existence of public use.
2. Payment of just compensation.
3. Observance of due process of law in the taking.
(POLICE POWER)
 has been referred to as the power of the State to enact
such laws or regulations in relation to persons and
property as may promote public health, public morals,
public safety, and the general welfare and convenience
of the people.
(TAXATION)
 is the power of the State to impose charge or burden
upon persons, property, or property rights, for the use and
support of the government and to enable it to discharge
its appropriate functions.
Tax
 are the enforced proportional contributions from persons
and property levied by the law making body of the State
by virtue of its sovereignty for the support of the
government and all public needs.
SECTION 10
 No law impairing the obligation of contracts shall be
passed.
OBLIGATION OF CONTRACT
 is the law or duty which binds the parties to perform their
agreement according to its terms or intent, if it
(agreement) is not contrary to law, morals, good
customs, public order, or public policy.
SECTION 11
 Free access to the courts and quasi-judicial bodies and
adequate legal assistance shall not be denied to any
person by reason of poverty.
CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS OF THE ACCUSED IN CRIMINAL CASES
1. The right to adequate legal assistance;
2. The right, when under investigation for the commission of
an offense, to be informed of his right to remain silent
and to have counsel;
3. The right against the use of torture, force, violence,
threat, intimidation or any other means which vitiates the
free will;
4. The right against being held in secret, incommunicado,
or similar forms of solitary detention;
5. The right to bail and against excessive bail;
6. The right to due process of law;
7. The right to presumption of innocence;
8. The right to be heard by himself and counsel;
9. The right to be informed of the nature and cause of the
accusation against him;
10. The right to have a speedy, impartial, and public trial;
11. The right to meet the witnesses face to face;
12. The right to have compulsory process to secure the
attendance of witnesses and the production of evidence
in his behalf;
13. The right against self-incrimination;
14. The right against detention by reason of political beliefs
and aspirations;
 15. The right against excessive fines;
16. The right against cruel, degrading or inhuman
punishment;
17. The right against infliction of the death penalty except for
heinous crimes; and
18. The right against double jeopardy.
Reasons for constitutional safeguards
1. A criminal case, an unequal contest
2. Criminal accusation, a very serious matter
3. Protection of innocent, the underlying purpose
SECTION 12
Paragraph 1
 Informed and rights to be silent
 Hindi valid ang ano mang sinasabi mo kung wala sa tabi
mo ang sarilli mong attorney
Paragraph 2
 No torture, force violence, threat, intimidation or any
means to the suspect.
Paragraph 3
 Kung aamin ka sa krimen na ibinibintang sayo dahil
tinorture ka hindi ito magiging valid
Paragraph 4
 Pwede mong kasuhan yung nanngtorture sayo
 Humingi ng danyos
 Kailangan ng dokemento tulad ng medikalohikal para sa
ebidensysa
SECTION 13
 Any person, except those charged with offense
punishable by “Reclusion Perpetua” 22- 40 years of
imprisonment when evidence of guilt is strong, shall,
before conviction, bailable by sufficient sureties, or be
released on recognizance as may be provided by law.
Bail
 Security required by the court to assure that the suspect
will attend the public trials.
 Ibabalik ang bail pagkatapos ng kaso o kung
madidismiss ito
Capital offense
 Punished “Reclusion Perpetua”
 Life imprisonment or death
SECTION 14
 No person shall be held to answer for a criminal offense
without due process of law.
Arraignment
 Is made in open court by the judge or clerk, and consists
in furnishing the accused a copy of the complaint or
information with the list of witnesses, reading the same in
the language or dialect known to him and asking him
whether he pleads guilty or not guilty.
Speedy Trial
 Means one that can be had as soon as possible, after a
person is indicted and within such time as the
prosecution, with the reasonable diligence, could
prepare it.
 Conducted according to fix rules, regulations and
proceedings of law free from vexatious and etc.
 Impartial Trial
 Implies an absence of actual bias in the trial of cases.
Public Trial
 Means open to all, as that of the accused’s friends and
relatives and other who may be inclined to watch the
proceedings in order to see if justice is intelligently and
impartially administered.
Right to confrontation of witness
 Cross-examination of witnesses by the accused
 Assessment by the court of witness’ credibility
SECTION 15
 The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be
suspended except in cases of invasion or rebellion, when
the public safety requires it.
 Habeas corpus is a latin phrase that literally means
“PRODUCE THE BODY”
Habeas Corpus
 Habeas corpus is one of the most important checks on
state power that citizens of many democracies currently
have. Without habeas corpus, the government would
essentially have the right to imprison citizens without
charging them or bringing them to trial for indefinite
periods of time.
SECTION 16
 THE RIGHT TO A SPEEDY TRIAL
 All persons shall have the right to a speedy disposition of
their cases before all judicial, quasi-judicial, or
administrative bodies.
 The guarantee of a speedy trial is one of the most basic
rights preserved by our Constitution.
 “Justice delayed is justice denied.”
SECTION 17
 THE RIGHT AGAINST SELF-INCRIMINATION
 No person shall be compelled to be a witness against
himself.
 This forbids the government from compelling any person
to give testimonial evidence that would likely incriminate
him or her during a criminal case.
 The right allows a person not to answer an incriminating
question. An incriminating question is one that if
answered renders a person liable for an offense.
However, it is only when the incriminating question is put
to a witness stand that the right may be invoked.
SECTION 18
 EMBODIMENT OF FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION
Paragraph 1
 No person shall be detained solely by reason of his
political beliefs and aspirations.
 This first part reflects Section 4 of Article III, but with
emphasis on the prohibition against incarceration of
“political prisoners”.
Paragraph 2
 No involuntary servitude in any form shall exist except as
a punishment for a crime whereof the party shall have
been duly convicted.
 Involuntary servitude refers to the compulsory of service
of another or simply modern slavery.
SECTION 19
Paragraph 1
 Excessive fines shall not be imposed, nor cruel, degrading
or inhuman punishment inflicted. Neither shall death
penalty be imposed, unless, for compelling reasons
 involving heinous crimes, the Congress hereafter provides
for it. Any death penalty already imposed shall be
reduced to reclusion perpetua.
1. Republic Act No. 8177 by Ferdinand Marcos
2. Article 3. Sec. 19 (1) by Cory Aquino
3. Republic Act No. 7569 by Fidel V. Ramos
4. Republic Act No. 9346 by Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
SECTION 22
 EX POST FACTO LAW
 No ex post facto law or bill of attainder shall enacted.
 ‘Ex post facto’ is latin translation to “from action after” or
“after the facts”.
 It is when a certain crime is committed, and then the law
is passed regarding that crime.

Paragraph 2

 The employment of physical, psychological, or

degrading punishment against any prisoner or detainee
or the use of substandard or inadequate penal facilities
under subhuman conditions shall be dealt with by the
law.
 Each person detained, is entitled to a proper treatment
and protection.

SECTION 20
 JUST CAN’T ‘DEBT’ ENOUGH
 No person shall be imprisoned for debt or non-payment
of a poll tax.
 A citizen cannot be imprisoned for debt. But creditors
can still bring you to court to demand and enforce
payment of your debts.

SECTION 21
 THE RIGHT AGAINST DOUBLE JEOPARDY
 No person shall be twice put in jeopardy of punishment
for the same offense. If an act is punished by a law and
an ordinance, conviction or acquittal under either shall
constitute a bar to another prosecution for the same act.
 Double jeopardy means that a person is twice put at the
risk of conviction for the same act offense.