Running head: BLOOD PRESSURE AND ACTIVITY LEVEL

Blood pressure and Activity Level

Name

Institutional Affiliation
BLOOD PRESSURE AND ACTIVITY LEVEL 2

Blood pressure and Activity Level

Introduction

Resting pulse vs systolic blood pressure is an indication of the blood pressure. Being

inactive is associated with low blood pressure. The person with a high rate of activity have a low

blood pressure. Medical experts recommend that for individuals with low blood pressure try to

become more active. However, there is a worry that activity may increase blood pressure to

dangerous levels. It is true that activities would increase blood pressure but after the activity it

supposed to return to its normal level. The quicker the blood return to its normal level the fitter

the individual. Majority of the people with high blood pressure should have the ability to

increase their activity level without an issue.

There is also a positive relationship between blood pressure and age of a person. As the

age an individual increases their risk of having a high blood pressure increases. Hoverer some

exercise have a significant impact on the blood pressure of an individual. For the person with an

already high blood pressure exercise can help them to control it. Regular physical exercises

makes the heart of an individual stronger. Stronger heart helps a person to pump more blood with

less efforts.

There is a huge concern on the relationship between activity and the blood pressure.

However, there is limited literature on this relationship. The current study sought to bridge this

gap in knowledge by evaluating the relationship between blood pressures and the activity level.

The null hypothesis was that there is negative relationship between activity level of an individual

and their blood pressure. The first expected outcome is that there will be a negative relationship
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between the blood pressure and activity and the second expected outcome is that there will a

positive relationship between blood pressure and activity

Methodology

The current study evaluated a sample size 20 patients to determine the relationship between

blood pressure and activity. The factors that were sought include the pulse pressure, systolic

pressure and the activity level. The pulse pressure and the systolic pressure were determined

using a Sphygmomanometer. The independent variable of the experiment was the activity level.

While the dependent variable of the experiment was the pulse vs the systolic pressure of the

blood. The study sought to determine the impact of the activity level on the blood pressure of a

person.

The statistical method of the study was regression analysis and t-test. Regression analysis

involves fitting a line of best fit in the data. The regression analysis predict the impact of the

independent variables on the depend variables in the regression. While the t-test is used to

determine if there is a significant variation between the means of the regression analysis. In the

present analysis the t-test sought to determine if there is a significant variation between the blood

pressure and the activity level of the individuals under study. The t-test enables testing of an

assumption that is related to a population. In the current study the assumption that was been

tested is that there is a negative relationship between blood pressure and activity level.

Results

The results for the t-test are shown in the below it was found that the mean for the number of

hours of activity was 5.625 with a variance of 19.60 and the number of observations was twenty.
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Foor the resting pulse vs systolic blood pressure the mean was 0.59 with a variance of 0.019 and

the number of observations was twenty.

Activity Resting Pulse vs Systolic Blood

pressure

Mean 5.625 0.593384

Variance 19.60197 0.019054

Observations 20 20

The other shown of the results of the t-test is shown in the table below. It was found that Pearson

correlation was -0.1562 and the hypothesis mean difference was zero. The t-statistics of the test

was 5.0554 and t critical was 1.7291.

Test Value

Pearson Correlation -0.15625

Hypothesized Mean Difference 0

df 19

t Stat 5.055431

P(T<=t) one-tail 3.51*10-05

t Critical one-tail 1.729133

P(T<=t) two-tail 7.03*10-05

The results for the regression analysis are shown in table below. It was found that the multiple R

was 0.1563, R-square was 0.0244, adjusted R-square was -0.0029 with a standard error of

0.1401. The value the adjusted R-square indicate that only -2.4% are within the regression line.

Those results indicate that model is not suitable to determine the effect of activity level on the

blood pressure.
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Regression Statistics

Multiple R 0.156254

R Square 0.024415

Adjusted R -0.02978

Square

Standard Error 0.140077

Observations 20

The table below shows the coefficient and the standard error of the regression. It was found that

the constant value of the regression was 0.6208 with a standard error of 0.0515. While the

coefficient of the activity level was -0.0049 with a standard error of 0.0073. Following the table

the model was summaries as shown in equation where Y is the rest pulse vs systolic blood

pressure and X is the activity level. The equation of best fit is shown below.

Coefficients Standard

Error

Intercept 0.620787 0.051459

Activity -0.00487 0.007258

Y=0.6207-0.0049X
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Aerobic Activity Level (number of hours

per week ave) Line Fit Plot
0.9
Resting pulse vs systolic blood pressure

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5
Resting pulse vs systolic
0.4 blood pressure

0.3 Predicted Resting pulse vs

systolic blood pressure
0.2

0.1

0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Aerobic Activity Level (number of hours per week ave)

Discussion

The current study observed that there is a negative relationship between the activity level and the

blood pressure of an individual. It was found that as the level of activity increases the blood

pressure reduces. It is because increase in the activity level makes the heart strong. Therefore the

heart puts in less effort to pump blood in the blood making the blood pressure of the individual to

reduce. A similar observation was made by Al-Dashti, Holt, Stebbins, Keen and Hackman

(2018), it was found that arise in the activity level of patients with hypertension lead to reduction

in their overall blood pressure.

Conclusion

It was observed that there is a negative relationship between blood pressure and the activity

level. As the activity increases the heart becomes strong and the level of blood pressure reduces
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because the body requires less effort. It was also observed that the age of the individual have a

direct association with the blood pressure. An old person have lower activity level and their

hearts are weak thus require more energy to pump blood.

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References

Al-Dashti, Y. A., Holt, R. R., Stebbins, C. L., Keen, C. L., & Hackman, R. M. (2018). Dietary

flavanols: a review of select effects on vascular function, blood pressure, and exercise

performance. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 37(7), 553-567.

Output

SUMMARY OUTPUT

Regression Statistics

Multiple R 0.156254

R Square 0.024415

Adjusted R Square -0.02978

Standard Error 0.140077

Observations 20

ANOVA

df SS MS F Significance F

0.0088 0.0088 0.4504749

Regression 1 39 39 94 0.510631452

0.3531 0.0196

Residual 18 89 22

0.3620

Total 19 28
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Standar

Coefficients d Error t Stat P-value Lower 95%

0.0514 12.063 4.63407E-

Intercept 0.620787 59 69 10 0.512675107

Aerobic Activity -

Level (number of 0.0072 0.6711 0.5106314

hours per week ave) -0.00487 58 7 52 -0.020120959

RESIDUAL OUTPUT PROBABILITY OUTPUT

Predicted Resting Resting pulse

pulse vs systolic Residua vs systolic

Observation blood pressure ls Percentile blood pressure

0.2560

1 0.591557 62 2.5 0.328467153

0.0605

2 0.523354 88 7.5 0.364285714

0.0226

3 0.606172 16 12.5 0.45

4 0.586685 -0.2224 17.5 0.471544715

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0.1102

5 0.581814 7 22.5 0.5

0.0563

6 0.6013 58 27.5 0.509803922

7 0.6013 -0.1513 32.5 0.53030303

0.1247

8 0.596428 25 37.5 0.549618321

0.0592

9 0.557455 11 42.5 0.561538462

0.1159

10 0.615915 2 47.5 0.583941606

0.1940

11 0.615915 02 52.5 0.594339623

0.0300

12 0.591557 2 57.5 0.616666667

0.0866

13 0.596428 2 62.5 0.628787879

14 0.581814 -0.0322 67.5 0.657657658

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0.0807

15 0.611043 4 72.5 0.672413793

0.1558

16 0.603736 79 77.5 0.71

0.1135

17 0.596428 72 82.5 0.721153846

0.0069

18 0.6013 6 87.5 0.759615385

0.2630

19 0.591557 9 92.5 0.809917355

0.0564

20 0.615915 99 97.5 0.847619048